TAP CHI NGHIEN ClTn PHAT TRIEN SO 10 (4/2014) LAO DONG TRONG KHU VlTC PHI CHINH THIJfC THANH PHO HO CHf MINH NHlN TIT GOC DO UCH SUT, VAN HOA - THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP ThS LE THI NGOC DUNG Kdc diem lich sic - vdn hda cua nguai lao dpng gdp phdn tgo nin ddc diem cita hogt jddng kinh ti dd thi vd qud trinh hinh thdnh vdn hda dd thi Muc dich cita di tdi ^^Lao dpng khu viec phi chinh thuc Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh nhin tugdcdp lich sir, vdn hda - Thuc trang vd gidi phdp" la lam ro ddc diem, nhdn dien lao ddng khu vuc phi chinh thuc TPHCM, nhung ddng gdp cita nguai lao ddng ddi vdi nin kinh ti vd dgc biit doi vdi net da dgng vdn hda cita Thdnh phd Be nhdn dien ve lao ddng khu vuc phi chinh thuc Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (TP.HCM), de tdi cdn nghien cuu thuc trgng lao ddng khu vuc phi chinh thuc TP HCM, cdc yeu td lich su - vdn hda tdc ddng din ngudi lao ddng, nhimg bdt cap vdn d§ qudn ly, tie dd de xudt cdc chinh sdch ddi vdi ngudi lao dpng, gdp phdn phdt triin dd thi ben vimg Tie khoa: Lao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thiic, lich sir, van hda Bac diem lich su- - van hoa cua lao dong Idiu vuc phi chinh thiic 6* Thanh Ho Chi Minh Ngudi lao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thlie Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cd ngudn gdc lich su - van hda lau ddi gan lien vdi su hinh va phat trien dd thi vd cu ddn thi Sai Gdn - Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Cdc loai hinh viec lam khu vuc phi chinh thiic thuc te dd tdn tai tir liic dd thi dugc hinh vao cudi the ky XIX d Sai Gdn - Ben Nghe, ddng thdi lam hinh va tach biet hai khu vuc kinh te chinh thiic vd phi chinh thiic' Trong giai doan khimg hoang kinh te, khu vyc phi chinh thiic la co hdi viec lam, Id cim cdnh an todn cho ngudi lao ddng Cimg vdi cdc khu vyc kinh te khac, khu vyc phi chinh thiic giup gidi quyet cdng dn, viec lam, xda ddi gidm ngheo, dn dinh xa hgi Tuy nhien, kinh te phi chinh thicc cd dac diem de bi tdn thuong nhieu nguyen nhan Lao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thiic chiu tdc ddng ciia nhiing ylu td lich su - van hda thi, hp da cd ddng gdp dang ghi nhdn ddi sdng xa hdi, ddi sdng van hda ciia nhdn ddn Thanh phd Tuy nhien khu vuc van cdn bi nhin nhan la "phi chinh thiic" vd nam ngoai le nen kinh te thdi ky hdi nhap, ngudi lao ddng van chua dugc quan tam thda dang qud trinh hoach dinh chinh sach cdng Vi vdy can xdy dung chinh sach dl quan ly vd dieu chinh khu vyc kinh tl phii hgp vdi sy phdt triln ciia Thanh phd, ddng thdi cai thien chinh sach ddi vdi ngudi lao dgng, hudng tdi qudn ly dd thi bin viing, giii gin trdt ty - van minh thi Nghien ciru vien Phong Quan ly Khoa hpc - ViSn Nghien clifu phSt triin Thanh ph5 H6 Chi Minh 72 NguySn Thi Hau, (2007) Do thi Sai Gon nhin tie khao cd hoc, sach Nam bg ddt va ngudi (tgp 6) Nxb, Thanh ph6 H6 Chf Minh VANHOA-XAE phim, ca nhac, giai tri d cdc khu vui choi, thdm chi d mdt bd phan ngudi lao ddng cdn khdng cd hoat ddng giai tri Nguyen vpng ngudi lao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thiic Id: tang thu nhap, cd chd d dn dinh, dugc hd trg ndng cao trinh dp hgc van, ho trg hgc nghe, vay vdn, tham gia bdo hiem xa hgi, cai dugc tao dieu kiSn hpc hdnh, cd vi the xa hdi, dugc tdn trpng, dugc phd bien kien thirc ve xa hdi, dac biet kien thiic v l phap luat^ Thirc tr^ng lao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thirc d Thanh Ub Chi Minh Sd lieu thdng ke ciia Sd Lao ddng Thuang binh - Xa hdi vdo thdng 8/2013 cho thdy lye lugng lao ddng khu vuc phi chinh thlie chilm ty le khd cao, chiem tren 40% tdng sd lao ddng dang lam viec tren dia ban Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh^ Nghien ciiu thyc trang lao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thiic Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh tir gdc dp lich sir vdn hda cho thdy dac tnmg rd net cua ngudi lao ddng Phdn Idn lao ddng la ngudi nhdp cu tir mien Trung, mien Bac va tir cac tinh phia Nam (chiem 93%) Trinh hpc vdn ciia ngudi lao ddng cdn thap: 69,7% sd ngudi lao ddng cd trinh dudi phd thdng trung hpc Hdu het ngudi lao dgng khdng dugc dao tao nghe nghiep chinh quy, chi cd 5,7% dugc dao tao nghe chinh quy Thu nhdp cua ngudi lao dgng phd bien d mdc: 2,5- trieu ddng/thdng, dieu kien 1dm viec cdn nhieu khd khan, cdng vi?c bdp benh, thieu dn dinh Quy md hoat dpng nhd, trung binh 1,8 ngudi/hd, vi thi cd tinh linh hoat, de chuyen ddi hinh thirc kinh doanh theo yeu cdu ciia hodn canh Ngudi lao ddng sir dung vdn cd dinh mdt each hidu qua, ket hgp ngudn vdn thdp vdi sd lugng ngudi lao dpng khd ddng Trong khu vyc phi chinh thiic, ngudi lao ddng hau nhu khdng cd dang ky kinh doanh, khdng dugc ky ket hgp ddng lao ddng bdng vdn bdn, chi cd 4% sd ngudi lao dpng ky hgp ddng lao ddng van ban, phan Idn ngudi lao dgng chi thda thuan mieng, dya vao mdi quan he quen biet Ngudi lao ddng hau nhu khdng tham gia bdo iiiem xa hdi, viec tilp c ^ tin dung khd khan Dieu anh hudng tdi ddi sdng cua da sd ngudi lao ddng, dilu kien sdng rat khd khan, noi an d cdn tam bg, thilu tien nghi So sdnh lao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thue Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh vdi Hd Ngi, cdc ddc diem ciia lao ddng khu vyc phi chinh thiic Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh vd Ha Ndi cd nhilu net tuong ddng Tuy nhien ty le lye lugng lao ddng tdng sd lao dgng khu vyc phi chinh thiic ciia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cao hon Ha Ndi (Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh: 32,9%, Ha Ngi: 30%''), sd hd va sd lao ddng ciia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh ddng hon gdp hai Idn Ha Ndi Ty le hd cd noi san xuat kinh doarih rieng biet d Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh thap han Ha Ndi Thu nhdp ciia ngudi lao dgng khu vyc phi chinh thiic Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh cung thap han d Ha Ndi Trong dd, thdi gian lam viec mdt tudn cua ngudi lao d^ng Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cao hon So vdi cdc khu vuc kinh te khdc nhu khu vuc kinh te nha nudc, khu vyc kinh te tu nhan Khu vuc kinh te phi chinh thiic phdi chiu nhieu thiet thdi ve trinh dp nghe, dieu kien 1dm viec, bao hiem, phiic lgi xd hdi, td chiic cdng doan Cac yeu td lich sir - van hda ngudi lao ddng anh hudng tdi van minh thi bidu hien d hai mat trai ngugc Mat tich cue la: net van hda da dang, da sac van hda dm thue Sdi Gdn; su giao thoa vd hdi nhap van hda; tinh linh hoat, nang ddng chuydn ddi viec v l ddi sdng tinh thdn, cac hinh thiic hoat ddng van hda cua ngudi lao ddng vdn cdn ngheo ndn, rat it cd cac hogt ddng nhu: xem Ngudn: so !i?u thing ke cua So Lao dpng Thuong binh - Xa hoi TRHCM, thang 8/2013 73 So lieu CLia De t^i Lao dong khu vuc phi chinh thuc Thanh Ho Chi Minh nhin tic goc lich su, van hoa - Thuc trgng va giai phap (nghiem thu t h ^ g 2-2014) T6ng eye Th6ng ke Viet Nam, Vi0n Khoa hgc thfing ke, Vi^n Nghien cihi phdt triin Phdp IRDDIAL Du an dieu tra lao dong