TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOI S 12(160)-2011 25 VAN HOC - NGON NG0 HQC - NGHIEN CtfU VAN H A • NGH^ THUAT HOAN THIEN PHU^QNG TIEN DlfeU TRA VA PHU^ONG THl>C • • Sl> DUNG K T Q U A D I ^ U TRA NGON NGU' DAN TOC 6^ DONG NAM BO NGUYEN K I E N TRU'DNG TOM TAT Hoin thipn phwang tipn diiu tra vi phwang thuc sir dpng kit qui diiu tra ngdn ngii' din tpc a Ddng Nam Bp li cin thiet, cap bich vi cdn thiiu nhiiu kit qui bd sung nham hoin thipn phwang tipn, phwang thirc diiu tra vi sii' dpng kit qui ddi vdi mpt sd ngdn ngir din tpc thieu sd a Ddng Nam Bd dang cd sw bien doi, phit then Them vio dd li cic nhu cau, yeu ciu sCr dpng ngiy cing gia ting, ddi hdi phii cd nhung kit qui mang tinh khich quan, khoa hpc vi cpp nhpt Vipc bd sung phwang tipn hwdng din cic loai sd, bieu mau, phieu diiu tra, v.v Trong diiu chinh, bd sung, di xuit cic phwang thirc diiu tra, can chii y din cic y thirc td chirc thu thpp biiu ngii' im, tir vpng, ngir phip vi cic cir hipu thu thpp tir binh dipn ngdn ngCr hpc-xa hpi Phwang thirc sir dpng kit qui diiu tra bao gdm cic thirc xic dinh di bo sung die diim ngdn ngu; thi/c trpng su- dung, hoin thipn chii' viit, xiy dpng hp Nguyin Ki§n Tru-ang Tien sT Trung tam Nghien cu-u Van hoa Vi$n Phat trien Ben vu-ng viing Nam 6$ Bai Viet la kit qua cua de t^i cap Vien "Hoan thi^n phuwig tien dieu tra va phuong thiPC su- dgng ket qua diiu tra ngdn ngu- dan tpc 6- Dong Nam BO", TS Nguyin Ki§n Tru-d^ng chu nhi$m, Yi^n Phat triln Bin vOng viing Nam Bp chu tri thing ngii' lipu, bien sopn tir diin song ngu', chwang trinh dio tpo, hwdng dan sir dpng tiing din tpc tren nhiiu ITnh vi/c, eho nhiiu lopi ddi twptng, mpc dich Cde ngdn ngCp dan tOc thilu s l (va cac phuang ngu' mOt s l ngdn ngu' dan tOe dd) hign dang su- dgng trdn dja ban Nam BO va nam Tay Nguyen la Kaho, Stieng, Mg, Chdu ro, Chru, v.v Sy t i n tgi eua cac ngdn ngCp dan tOc thilu s l trdn day ludn duge quan tdm, nghien CCPU d l hodn thign chu- vilt, hinh thdnh cac logi phugng tidn nham phgc vg cho vige bao tin, su- dgng, phat triln tiing dan tOe Tuy nhidn, cho d i n v l n cdn thilu nhilu nghidn CCPU v l vige hoan thign phuang tign, phuang thCpc diiu tra vd phuang thCpc sudgng kit qua diiu tra ngdn ngu- dan tOe thilu s l d Odng Nam BO Vigc thyc hign ehu truang, chfnh sach ngdn ngip dan tOe cua Oang va Nhd nudc la ydu c l u d p thiit dgt tCp lau, dgc bigt dwqfc luu y tinh hinh hign O l thyc thi chfnh sach nay, d n ed kit qua nghien CLPU dya trdn cae phugng tign, phugng thCpc d n y l u d l dgt tfnh chfnh xac, khach quan, khoa hge va cgp nhgt 26 NGUY£N KltN TRU'ONG Phugng thCpc vd phugng tign SLP dgng duge chgn lua theo tCpng logi mgc dich vd nOi dung, d i i tugng d n diiu tra 6k ed kit qua SLP dgng cho nghidn CCPU, tim hilu, tu v l n , ddc bidt Id d l su- dgng tiing ddn tdc thilu s l trdn nhilu ITnh vyc: giao tilp xd hOi, gido dge-ddo tgo tiing ddn tOc, giai quyit m l i quan hd ngdn ngu- giu-a Nhd nudc va ngudi ddn, bao t i n vd phdt triln ngdn ngu- va vdn hda ddn tOe, v.v Sy biln d i i vd phdt triln cua ngdn nguddn tOc thilu s l giao thoa, tilp xuc, nhu-ng ydu c l u mdi chlnh sdch ngdn ngu- ddn tOe t h l hign qua cde vdn ban phap quy, nhilu tai ligu hudng d i n eua cdc ban nganh trdn nhilu ITnh vyc, dgc bigt la cac nhu elu su- dgng, gido dgc tiing dan tOc cang gia tang, v.v, ddi hdi phai cd nhilu k i t qua nghien CCPU eg ban va nghien CCPU Cpng dgng v l ngdn ngCi- dan tOc thilu s l Mgc dfch ehf ed t h l dgt duge va tgo cac cdng trinh mang tfnh khoa hoe, cgp nhgt, hign dgi, tign dgng, n l u nhu cd phugng tidn, budc di va each lam phu hgp Ouang nhien, diiu tra ngdn ngCi- dan tOc thilu s l , khdng t h l phu nhdn vai trd cua cdc phugng tign vd phuang thCpc dd cd, da su- dgng tCp trudc d i n Id s l diiu tra, bilu mlu, phuang thCpc thyc hidn, phuang thu-c xu- ly, phdn tfch, phan logi tu ligu, v.v, nhung d n bidn sogn, tgo lgp vd b l sung d l hoan thidn them ode phuang tign vd phuang thCpc nhim dap Cpng tfnh khdeh quan, chfnh xac, khoa hgc, cgp nhdt vd tiln dO thyc hign o l dap LPng cdc yeu d u ndy khoa hoc v l k i t qua diiu tra tiing ndi, chu- vilt cua mOt tflng dan tqc, d n dp dgng ehugng trinh xu- ly ngu- dm, am vj hoc tren phin m l m mdy vi tfnh (dung ky thugt sl): - HOAN T H I ^ N P H U ' O N G T I E N D I £ U TRA Phdn tfch ngu- dm bing phin mlm chuydn dgng 6k XLP ly bing cdch s l hda phdn tfch ngO- lidu, nhu Cool Edil 2k, P R A A T , A S A P , V.V Vide khai thdc, su- dgng cdc kit qua nghidn CLPU eg ban vd nghidn CLPU Cpng dgng dii vdi tiing ddn tOc thilu s l la hit SLPC cin thiit Ldu nay, v l n cdn tinh trgng ylu kem v l mdt ndy, cd t h l nhilu nguydn nhdn, nhu: kit qua nghidn CLPU khdng dgt ydu clu, khdng ed kinh phf 6k SLP dgng, cdng bl, triln khai tilp, ehua n l m rd phuang thuc, mgc dich, cdch thCpc su- dgng kit qua, v.v Do dd, d n hoan thign cdc phuang thCpc si> dgng logi k i t qua dgt ydu c l u theo chuIn ddnh gid, d l khing djnh ddng gdp eua kit qua nghien CLPU r l i dua vao su- dgng, 2, Xult phat tCp thyc trgng va tfnh d p thiit trdn day, d n lya chon vigc khao sat, nghien CCPU 6k b l sung them nhim tiln tdi hodn thign cac phugng tign kdm phugng thCpc su- dgng phuang tidn khao sdt, diiu tra tiing ddn toe, dgc bigt la vigc hoan thidn phugng thCpc su- dgng k i t qua khao sat, nghien CLPU d l b l sung ddc dilm tiing dan tOc, hodn thign chO vilt, bidn sogn tCp diln, xdy dyng ngQ- lidu Su- dgng giao tilp, qudn ly vd diiu hdnh x3 hOi, giao dgc, ddo tgo, bao t i n , phdt triln ngdn ngu- dan tOc thilu s l g Ddng Nam Bg Mgc tidu cy t h l hinh thdnh tdp tdi ligu chu-a dyng hai nOi dung ndy vd tdp tCp vyng thong dgng mOt vai ngon ngu- dan tge thilu sl Sau do, dua tham khao, liy y kiln d l hodn chfnh mOt s l kiln nghj v l vide SLP dgng o l dgt dugc cac mgc dfch nay, d n lya chgn hudng tilp d n tCp eac phuang phap va ky thugt nghien cu-u ting hgp, vdi cac phuang phap nghien cu-u chuyen nganh, da nganh vd lien nganh C i n xult phat tu- NGUYEN KieN TRU'ONG - HOAN THIEN PHU'ONG TIEN DltU TRA,,, eg sg ngdn ngu- hoe, ngdn ngu- hoe dan toe, ngdn ngu- hgc xa hOi, xa hOi ngdn ngCihoe, ngdn ngu- hoe d i i chilu, phugng nguhoc (bao g I m phugng ngu- dja ly vd phugng ngu- xa hOi), dan tOe hoe, van hda hoe, giao dgc hoc, v.v O l i vdi ngdn nguhoc, cae chuyen nganh ngu- am hoe, tCp vyng hoe, ngu- phap hoc, v.v, 6\je(?c vgn dgng t i i da vdi cac khung nghien CCPU eg ban va nghien CCPU Cpng dgng d l khao sat dgc dilm ngdn ngu- dan tde thilu s l tren cac d p dO ngir im (bao gIm ehinh ta, chuvilt), tir vpng, ngQ" phip, v.v t h l hign cac logi tu ligu, tai ligu, ngu- ligu 6\yqfc thu thgp tCp nhilu dgng t h l vgt chit (vdn ban, tiing ndi) va phugng thCpc (ghi am, suu tam, ehdp, v.v.) Trdn thyc t l , cae phuang phdp, thu phap va ky thugt nghien CLPU ndu trdn da giup fch r l t nhilu eho vige diiu tra, khao sat, nghien CLPU ngdn ngu- dan tOc thilu s l d Nam BO, duge xem la dja ban da ngw kdm theo sy tilp xuc (va ca giao thoa) didn sdm, nhanh, mgnh, lien tge Dya vao cae phuang phap tren day, d n triln khai k l hogeh vdi gidi hgn v l pham vi, dlf tugng va npi dung nghien ciru V\ t h l , rlt d n thiit phai dp dgng 6k nghien CCPU tiing dan tOe d Odng Nam BO NOi dung ea ban Id: 4.1 Xac djnh, gidi thidu va b l sung nhim hoan thign phwang tipn vi phwang thirc diiu tra tiing dan tge thilu s l d Nam BO, dgc bigt la a Odng Nam BO, nai ehua ed nhilu kit qua nghien cu-u ea ban va nghien CLPU LPng dgng d i i vdi mdt s l tiing dan tOe, nhu: Chau ro, Kaho, Stieng, Mg, Chru, v.v o l i vai mgc tieu b l sung 6k hoan thidn v l phugng thCpc su- dgng phugng tidn diiu 27 tra ngdn ngu- dan tOe thilu s l d Odng Nam BO, phai ehu y d i n mot nOi dung rlt ea ban, la hoan thign phuang tign ed sin, mang tinh "truyin thing", nhung b l sung, chfnh su-a, edp nhgt mdi v l tfnh chit, nOi dung, elu true, edng nang cua phuang tign Cdng eu phuang tign quan trgng, thiit y l u nhlt dung eho vigc khao sdt, diiu tra ngdn ngu- dan tOc thilu s l la So diiu tra ngdn ngii' din tpc, v l n duge hinh tCp lau, nhung d n dwpfc b l sung diiu chinh v l b l cue va nOi dung 6k tdng kha nang ddp Cpng 6wpfc nhilu mgc dich, ydu elu diiu tra logi phugng tign 6wpfc dung 6k diiu tra v l eac clp dO ngdn ngu- (ngu- dm, chfnh ta, chu- vilt, tCp vung, ngu- phap) va v l cae binh dign nghidn CCPU (ngdn ngu- hoe, ngdn ngu- hoe xa hOi, xa hOi ngdn ngu hoe, phuang ngCi- hpc), v.v 4.2, NOi dung hodn thidn cac phwang thirc sir dung kit qui diiu tra thyc chit la edng vide da dgng hda mue dich su- dgng san phlm da dgt dugc, tang eudng khai thac, tan dgng kit qua diiu tra can CCP vao cac mgc tieu, ydu elu, nhu clu nghien CCPU va su- dgng tiing dan tOc, v,v, bang cae budc di, each lam phu hgp, trudc cg t h l hda cac d l xult, kiln nghj v l giai phap sudgng kit qua diiu tra, Trong nghidn CCPU v l hoan thidn phwang thirc diiu tra, d n gidi thigu, 6k cgp d i n cae each lam, bude di, phuang thCpc SLP dgng phuang tign ( S l diiu tra, philu tham dd, eac logi bilu mau, v.v.) TLP vige tim hilu each thCpc xac djnh nOi dung, d i i tugng va dja ban diiu tra, phai luu y d i n eac v l n 6k: each thCpc thu thgp tu lieu, nguligu g cac dgng t h l vgt chit khac (van ban, tiing ndi), vdi eac hogt dOng: ghi 28 NGUYEN KIEN TRU'ONG - dm, phdng v l n , suu t i m , su- dgng bdng bilu, di diln dd, diiu tra xu- ly ngCJ- lidu, CLP lidu tLP binh didn ngdn ngQ- hgc vd ngdn ngu- hoe xd hOi, v.v, v l vide b l sung nhim hoin thidn phwang thirc sir dpng kit qui diiu tra, xult phdt tCp eg sg thyc tiln d l phdn tieh, phdn logi k i t qua diiu tra: d|c dilm, thyc trgng su- dgng mOt ngdn ngu- ddn tdc d l dua mOt s l d l xult SLP dgng eho cdc cdng vide B l sung ddc dilm ngdn ngu ddn tOc; hodn thidn chCp vilt; xdy dyng hd thing ngO- lidu bidn sogn cdc bO tCp diln song ngu-; xdy dyng nOi dung, ehugng trinh, phugng phdp ddo tgo vd hudng d i n dgy tiing ddn tOc; sCidgng tiing ddn tOc thilu s l giao tilp, quan ly vd diiu hanh xd hOi, quan ly Nha nudc, trdn cae phugng tign thdng tin dgi chung, C i n chu y d i n vigc bidn sogn cac tai ligu chCpa dyng nOi dung tri thCpc v l tiing ddn tge 6k su- dgng va d l dgy, hge tiing dan tge, dd, tCp diln, sach hgc, sach huang d i n cdch dgy la nhu-ng cdng cg quan y l u , Dya tren cdc phuang phdp vd ky thugt nghidn CLPU dd ndu, d n dua mOt s l kit qui nghidn CLPU mdi, dung Idm eg sd, nOi dung cua cac kiln nghj v l vigc su- dgng phuang tidn vd phuang thCpc da dugc b l sung 5.1 Kit qua khao sdt, nghidn CLPU dung d l b l sung nhim chlnh su-a, hoin thidn phwang tipn vi phwang thiic diiu tra tiing din tdc ding dugc quan tdm, chu y vd gdp y, n l u kit qua dya vdo ddc dilm trgng thai va tinh hinh, thyc trgng su- dgng mOt s l tiing dan tOc thilu s l g Odng Nam BO C i n cd kit qua b l sung, bien sogn mdi mgt s l nOi dung s l la dya trdn S l HOAN THIEN PHU'ONG TiEN OlEU TRA diiu tra dugc hinh thdnh tCp 1968 vd S6 diiu tra mdi dugc SLP dgng tip culi t h l ky XX C i n khing djnh ly do, mgc dfch, phugng thCpc tgo ldp S l diiu tra mdi, gidi thidu c l u true vd nOi dung cua s l Cdng ndng, tdc dgng, vai trd quan trgng nhlt cua phugng tidn ndy Id dung 6k khai thdc vd cung c l p cdc tdi lidu tdp huln, hudng din tri thLPC ngu- dm hgc Id chu y l u Oing thdi, s l d n cd nOi dung hudng din nghidp vg khai thdc ngu li#u vd cu lidu, kdm theo cdc thdng tin d n khao sdt tip binh didn ngdn ngCr hgc-x§ hOi C i n b l sung chfnh su-a cdc log! tdi li|u hudng d i n c6 s l , Id logi tdi lidu dung 6k hudng d i n khai thdc mdt s l thdng tin tCp binh didn ngdn ngCp-xd hdi v l dll tugng dugc diiu tra (nhdn chCmg), dja bdn diiu tra (ddn cu, d l l u kidn mdi sinh, d$c dilm vdn hda-x§ hgi, v.v), Tilp Id logi tai lidu cd dung lugng, quy mo Idn nhlt vd cung Id ngi dung chinh cua s l , dung d l khao sat ddc dilm ngCr dm, tir vyng vd so lugc v l ddc dilm ngCr phdp cua mOt ngdn ngu* ddn tge dugc lya chgn d l dllu tra vd eua mOt phuang ngO (tiing dja phuang) ngdn ngO n l u c6 Tai lidu ndy g I m Bang SWDES (218 tCr) vd Bang THNVE g I m 1.000 tCp ca bdn, thdng dgng, dung d l khao sat ngu* dm vd tCr vyng Chf ndn dung mdt s l cho mdt nhan chCrng, mOt dja bdn, khdng dung cung mdt tuc cho nhilu nhdn chipng, nhilu dja bdn, Oilu ndy Id d n thiit phai dp dgng d l dam bao tfnh khach quan k i t qua khao sat, diiu tra Trong S6 diiu tra ngdn ngO din tdc cin chinh su-a d l hoan thign cd cdc bilu mlu, philu diiu tra dung d l khao sat cac thdng tin tLP binh dign ngCp dm va tCp vyng, kdm thdng tin diiu tra tip binh dign ngdn ngd- NGUYEN KIEN TRU'ONG - HOAN THIEN PHU'ONG TIEN DiEU TRA,, hgc-xa hOi Noi dung b l sung vd hoan thign logi phuang tign phai ehCpa dyng cac thdng tin mdi v l diiu tra ngdn ngu- hoe xa hOi d l l vdi nhan ehCpng vd dja ban diiu tra s l gIm eac m l u cd noi dung cu t h l , chi tilt, d n thiit eho ngudi di diiu tra va eho ca ngudi xu- ly kit qua diiu tra, Tilp la Bing ky hipu phien im qudc ti (IPA), Bing ky hipu im vj dung di mo ti hp thdng im vj ciia tiing din tpc vi cua phwang ngir tiing din tpc dd (nlu cd) MOt logi Bilu m l u mang tinh ting hgp ed s l la Bing diiu tra ngir im-tir vwng-ngu' phip, cung duge b l sung, cgp nhgt eac yeu c l u diiu tra v l phuang ngutrong tiing dan tOe, dya vdo Tii lieu hwdng dan thu thip ngii' im, tir vi/ng, ngir phip Ody la phuang tign dung 6k eho doan diln da Trong s l eac bilu m l u diiu tra, d n b l sung Bing dieu tra ngdn ngii' hpc xa hdi vi ning, mire vi thii dp tiip nhin a ngwdi dang sii' dung mdt phwang ngir vi ngii' im-chu' viet ciia phwang ngii' dwac chpn lim chu iwc cung tiing dan tOe Bang dung d l cap nhgt cae thdng tin v l thyc trgng su- dgng, cac dy bao hoan thign chu- vilt d i i vdi logi ngdn ngCidan tge cd nhilu phuang ngCi-, dang dung logi chu- vilt d n phai hoan thidn 5.2 o l b l sung v l phwang thirc diiu tra, d n gidi thidu phwang thirc td chirc diiu tra, vdi cae edng vide: chon nhan chCpng vd dja ban; chgn tu lieu, ngu- lieu dung d l diiu tra; t l chu-c lye lugng, dOi ngu di diiu tra; ghi chdp, ghi chu k i t qua diiu tra, v.v vdi cac thao tac va bude di eg t h l V l phwang thwc xir ly kit qui sau diiu tra, d n dua mgt s l yeu c l u ea ban 29 va gidi thigu mOt phuang thCpc, phuang tign mdi xu- ly ngu- dm dm vj hoe bing ky thudt s l Muln xdy dyng vd hodn thign chO- vilt tiing ddn tOe, diiu d i u tidn Id phai xdc djnh vd md ta hg thing dm vj Bdn cgnh phuang phdp, each thCpc va phuang tign mang tfnh truyin thing v l n eon dang sudung (ghi am qua bang cassette: ghi rli phidn dm trdn van ban), hign da cd nhu-ng each thLPC vd phuang tign mdi 6k xu- ly bing ky thudt s l , bing phin mlm computer, vv, C i n su- dgng phin gidi thigu qua van ban va hudng din tryc tilp eua Nguydn Van Lgi (Vign Ngdn ngu- hge) (nam 2006, d i i vdi nhdm diiu tra tiing M'Ndng d Oak Ndng) vd eua Trin Quang Vinh (2004), bao gIm cac thdng tin: Tu lieu da diiu tra dugc chuyin vdo may tfnh dudi dgng s l hda, bing eac chuang trinh may tfnh chuyen bidt nhu Cool Edit 2K, Soudforge Mdi mOt tCp duge ghi mOt file; nghTa cua tCp dugc liy lam ten file {ten file UTT, hoge ten file Wave) Theo ten file, ed t h l nghe Igi each phat am tCpng tCp, tCpng bO phdn cua tCp (am tilt, am dlu.-^vln) va phdn tieh eac thdng s l am hgc (dgng sdng dm, cudng dO, Fo, dgc trung elu dm, trudng dO, phi dm, p h i d l , V.V.), Toan bO tu ligu duge quan ly Ca sd dir lieu sd hda (digital database) - Ca sd du- ligu ( s l hda) v l ngu- dm va tCp vyng tiing dan tOe (trong ed cac phuang ngCp) (mdi ea sd du' ligu gIm g i n 10.000 file) 6wpfc luu giCp dTa CD ROM) Cg sd du- ligu ngu- am, tCp vyng eac tiing, cho phep khdng nhu-ng ed t h l kiim tra bing eam thg thinh giac v l eac tCp 30 NGUYEN KIEN TRU'ONG - bang tCp da duge phidn dm (nghe Igi tCpng tCp theo tdn file), ding thdi, tiln hdnh phdn tfch cac ddc trung ngu dm (thdng s l dm hoe) eua mdi tCp (file), bing cac ehugng trinh phdn tich tiing ndi trdn mdy tinh nhu: ASAP, PRAT, CECIL, Ngodi ra, ed t h l tham khao cdch thCpc, hidu qua eua phugng phdp phdn tieh ngu- dm bing computer nhu sau, Tgo ldp eac thdng s l dm hgc v l dgng sdng dm, eudng dO, sy biln d i i elu am, Fo, phi, p h i d l , trudng dO, v l chit (voice), v,v K i t qud dugc xdc djnh vd hiin thj tren man hinh, cung nhu cd t h l in tren gily, - Kit qua phan tieh tu ligu cho phdp kiim tra va xic djnh nhirng dpc trwng ngir im hpc cua tCpng tCp d l phidn am, midu ta va xac djnh each vilt eho mdi tCp, cung nhu xdy dyng he thing ehu- vilt eho mli ngdn ngu- 6, o l i tugng, nOi dung nghien CCPU eg ban da ndu dugc gidi hgn v l phgm vi dja ban, phgm vi nghien CCPU, TCP kit qua cd d gidi hgn nay, cd t h l d l xult mOt s l phwang thirc sir dpng kit qui diiu tra 6.1 Tren binh dign ngdn ngu- hgc, d n sudgng kit qua diiu tra 6k dua cae phuang thCpc xic djnh, bd sung, cpp nhpp dpc diim ea ban cua mOt tiing dan tOc nhlt djnh v l ngu am-chinh ta-chu vilt, tiP vyng, ngu- phap 6.2 MOt nOi dung ea ban, cd tinh thdi sy, c l p thiit la each thCpc chon lya va xay dyng nOi dung phuang an hoin thipn cha viit d i i vdi mOt s l ngdn ngCi- dan tOc, dgc bigt chu y d i n logi ngdn ngu- cd nhilu phugng ngO- HOAN THIEN PHU'ONG TIEN DiEU TRA Cdn CCP 6k hodn thidn Id chon mOt phugng ngu- Idm dgi didn, chu luc vi ed ddng ngudi su- dgng, dugc SLP dgng trdn dja ban ring, cd tfnh tidn dgng, g i n vdi tiing Vi#t phi thdng, v.v Cdc phuang thiPC eg ban d n dp dgng 6k hodn thidn chO- vilt: SLP dgng k i t qua diiu tra v l ngO- dm, tip vyng eua phugng ngO- dugc chgn, so sdnh giO-a cdc phuang ngCi- cung mOt ngdn ngu- Dung k i t qua md ta hd thing dm vj phan dnh ngu- dm d trgng thdi hign tgi d l xdy dyng Bing chw cii kem d i u phg (nlu cd) r l i dua liy y kiln nhim b l sung, chfnh su-a trudc d l xult vdi chlnh quyln 6k si> dung chlnh thCpc phuang ngu- da lya chpn, da dugc md ta v l dgc dilm ngip am, chO vilt, chlnh ta, va da dugc diiu tra tren binh dign ngdn ngu- hoe-xa hgi v l thyc trgng sudgng, v l kha nang, mipc dg va ca thai dp tilp nhgn phuang an hoan thign chu- vilt t h l hign d phuang ngu- dugc chgn 6,3, TCP k i t qua xay dyng hoge hoin thi$n chw viit chfnh thCpc cua mgt ngdn nguhoge mOt phuang ngu- ngdn ngu- ddn tOc, xay dyng mot bO cdng cg dung chung cho nhilu dlf tugng, nhilu logi mgc dich su- dgng tiing dan tOc la cic bp tir diin song ngir g I m tiing Vigt va tiing dan tpc, dCjng d l tra CCPU tim hilu, su dgng tiing ndi, ehu- vilt, tCp vyng, ngu- phap cua tiing dan tOc d i i chilu, so sanh vdi tiing Vidt, Tren thyc t l , diiu da dugc vgn dgng sau xay dyng hoge hodn thign chu- vilt, vf dg cac cdng trinh nghien CLPU v l tiing Stieng d Binh Phudc, va tiing M'Ndng g Dak Ndng, v.v Dya vao kinh nghigm tham gia d l tdi NGUYEN KIEN TRU'ONG - HOAN THIEN PHU'ONG TIEN DiEU TRA,,, 31 nghien CCPU khoa hge Hoin thipn chir viit tugng khac (con ngudi, t l chCpc; M'Ndng vi bien sopn Tir diin Vipt-M'Ndng ngudi dan tOe, ngudi Kinh), vi Tir diin M'Ndng-Vipt, tham khao kit Trudc hit la phugng thCpc SLP dgng qua bidn sogn mOt s l tCp diln tiing ddn ITnh vyc giio dpc vi dio tpo tiing tge da cdng b l , tac gia thiy d n phai dua din tdc , bao gIm eac hogt dOng dpy, hpc phwang thirc khai thic ngir lieu diiu tra vi thi/c hinh Cde hogt dOng ndy ddi hdi di bien sopn tir diin song ngir Vige xdy phai dya vdo chuang trinh, nOi dung, dyng eg sd ly lugn va thyc tiln d l bidn phuang phap dao tgo va hudng d i n dgy sogn it nhlt hai bO tCp diln mang tinh chit tiing dan tOe, dya vao cac tai ligu hudng la tCp diln song ngu-, dya trdn vige xac lgp d i n cua BO Giao dgc va Odo tgo va cua BO d i i tugng su- dgng, tinh chit va quy md NOi vg tCp nam 2000 din v l vige dao cua tLP diln, tCp do, xay dyng c l u true ting tgo tiing dan tOc thilu s l da cd chu- vilt quat gIm hai phin d i i chilu (tiing Vigthoge da hoan thign chu vilt Xac djnh eac tilng dan toe va tiing dan tOe-tiIng Vigt), phuang thCpc tgo lap, b l sung eho khung Ngu- ligu quan trgng la tip vyng thu thgp tCp dio tpo va tii lieu hwdng dan giio vien dpy ngdn ngCp dan tOe, vi t h l , phai xay dyng tiing din tpc d i i vdi nhilu logi d l l tugng, v l n tCp vyng ca ban, thdng dung, dung nhung ehu y l u la danh eho can bO, edng ngp ca nhu'ng tCp ngCi- ca ban d cac chCpc dang edng tac d vung dan tOe thilu phuang ngu- khac (nlu cd) Day la ca sd s l , Mue tidu la cung c l p eho hgc vidn kiln 6k tgo lap d u true vT md eua tCp diln, t h l thu-c kem ky nang ngdn ngCp Oil vdi logi hien bing Bang tCp ehCpa cac dan vj tra CCPU, hgc vidn dugc dao tgo 6k trd thdnh giao tilp dd Id ndi dung eac mgc tCp clu vidn dgy tiing dan tOc, phai cd thdm khIi true vi md, ehCpa dyng thdng tin v l nghTa kiln thCpc kem ky nang su phgm Nhu vay, va each su- dgng tCp ngu', ngCp phap hai logi khung, hai loai chuang trinh dugc tiing dan tOc C l u true ddi hoi phai xay xay dyng mang tinh ding dgng, nhung cd dyng v l n tCp, xac djnh dac dilm ngu' phap sy ndng eao d logi khung dao tgo va tiing dan tOe Oge bidt, d n ehu y hudng ddn giao vidn dgy tiing ddn tOc, d i n vide xac lap each trinh bay bang chu' vilt cac loai tCp diln, nhlt Id ehu- dan o l dgt 6wac mgc tidu cung d p cho hge tOe vidn khIi kiln thCpc kem ky nang ngdn nguva khIi kiln thCpc kem ky nang su phgm, Khi da ed kit qua diiu tra, nghien CCPU, phugng thCpc ea ban d n su- dgng la van tgo lap ehu' vilt hoac hoan thidn ehu- vilt, ed k i t qua bidn sogn tCp diln song ngu- thi dgng quan dilm tich hpp giao dgc vide khai thac 6k su- dung se thuan Igi hgn, hge, long ghdp kiln thCpc kdm ky nang, dgy vd hge theo phuang phap giao tilp, phat mac du khdng nhlt thiit phai chd ed du huy tfnh ehu dOng d ngudi hoe Nhu-ng cac san phlm, phuang tien dd diiu se giup hoe vien thdnh thgo ky Kit qua khai thae ngu- lieu v l tiing dan tdc nang nghe, ndi, dpc, viit tiing dan tdc thilu s l cd t h l SLP dung cho nhilu ITnh vyc ddi sing, eho nhilu logi mgc dfch, C i n phai ting hgp cae ydu c l u cua vide nhu c l u va ca yeu c l u eua eac logi dlf xay dyng elu true chuang trinh dao tgo va 32 NGUYEN KIEN TRU'ONG - HOAN THIEN PHU'ONG TIEN OlEU TRA bien sogn tdi lidu hudng din cdch dgy, TCP dd, dua md hinh ting qudt vd mOt khung ting hgp dung eho ddo tgo vd dung cho hudng din Md hinh ndy 6wpfc xdy dyng trdn eg sd slp xlp, b l tri ede dgn vj elu thdnh, bao gIm bii dpc vi phin luydn tdp phdt dm, su- dgng ehinh td, chO- vilt, tCp vyng, ngu- phdp, Idm vdn, vv, d l tgo ndn bii hpc Id ngi ting hgp, ling ghdp ede kiln thCpc vd ky ndng ngdn ngCp kdm kiln thCpc va ky ndng su phgm TCP nhO-ng tiln d l ndy, ed thl xay dyng mOt mlu bdi hge ed slp xlp ede khIi kiln thCpc ngdn ngQ- theo cdc clp dO, nhung khdng nhlt thiit phai su- dgng chung cho tit ea ede giai dogn cua khda hoc, ma phai cdn nhle tinh lien thdng, nang eao din Tu- kit qua tim hilu, tham khao eac sach hoc tiing dan tOe, xiy dpng khung tdng hpp chwa di/ng ndi dung hwdng dan dpy vi hpc tiing din tpc, chu-a dyng cac khIi kiln thLPC ting quat v l tOe ngudi va ngdn ngu- dan tOe, tilp theo la toan bO dgc dilm ngu- am tu- vyng ngu- phap va each thCpc su- dgng, dugc b l trf g hg thing bai hge slp xlp theo 10 ehu 6k Trong tdi ligu hudng din d n ed mlu bdi dgy (ddp dn) danh eho giao vien Tit ea diu duge xay dyng tren nguIn ngQ- ligu mdi duge thu thgp qua diiu tra, khao sat, va cdn cu- vao ede yeu clu, nOi dung ggi y, hudng din mang tfnh su phgm eua BO Giao dgc va Oao tgo va cua BO NOi vg, vd cdn CCP vdo cdc logi nhu clu, ydu clu, mgc dfch su- dgng tiing ddn tge, cin xdc ldp thdm mdt phugng thiPC mdi su- dgng kit qua nghidn cu-u Id Xiy di/ng phwang tidn s(> dpng tiing din tdc vi tiing Vidt quin ly Nhi nw&c vi giao tiip xi hdi Phin chCpa cdc thdng tin eg ban v l : CCPU Tinh clp thiit (cQng Id ly xdy dyng) thl hidn d sy thilu ving cdc tdi lidu hudng din SLP dgng song ngQ- (tiing Vidt vd tiing ddn tOc), kdm theo Id thyc trgng su- dgng khdng thing nhlt, thilu nhlt qudn vdi cdc tdi lidu-phuang tign dd cd Mgc tidu tgo diiu kign thugn Igi qud trinh su- dgng song ngu- g vung dan t0c thilu s l tren dja ban Ddng Nam BO, giai quyit mli quan hg ngdn ngu- giu-a nhd nude va ngudi dan, su- dgng giao tilp, quan ly va diiu hanh xd hOi va tren cac phugng tign thdng tin dgi chung, v.v c l u true, nOi dung tai ligu ehCra dyng khIi kiln thCpc va ky ndng ngdn ngu-, Nguligu dung d l su- dgng tiing Vigt va tiing ddn tdc San phlm dugc hinh nhd sudgng phugng thCpc long ghep kiln thCpc vd ky ndng ngdn ngu-, kem theo la nOi dung cung clp va hudng din SLP dgng phuang tign Tit ca kiln thCpc va ky nang ngdn ngudugc b l tri hai logi phugng tign la hai tdp tai ligu: Tii ii$u hwdng dan sO dpng 7.2 Cung vdi nhu clu su- dgng tiing dan tiing Vipt vi tieng din tdc, va tdp tir ngif tOc giao dgc la nhu clu su- dgng thdng dpng tieng din tpc (cd d6i giao tilp xa hOi, quan ly nha chilu vdi tiing Vigt) Tiing dan tge g ddy nudc, cdng vigc bao tin, phi cgp va cd thl la Chru, Chauro, Stieng, Kgho, Mg, phat triln ngdn ngQ- gin liin vdi van hda v.v Tai ligu chCpa dyng hai ngi dung: tOc ngudi Dya vao cac kit qua ed 6w(^c Phin nOi dung cung clp kiln thCpc v l ngO' tu- cac tiln trinh diiu tra, khao sat, nghien am, chfnh ta, chCi- vilt, tCp ngu-, ngd' phdp NGUYEN KIEN TRU'ONG - HOAN THIEN PHU'ONG TIEN DiEU TRA,,, 33 phong each; kem theo la phin nOi dung hudng d i n ren luyen ky nang (luygn nghe, luygn ndi, luygn vilt, lam van), 0" tai ligu ngoai nhQ-ng tCp ngQ- mdi, d n ed them phin so sanh, d i i chilu tu- ngu- eua eac phugng ngQ- cung mOt ngdn ngQ- dan tOe thyc trgng, nhu elu, mgc dich SLP dung ngdn ngQ- dan tOe d mOt dja ban eg t h l , 8, Dya vao eac nOi dung, d i i tugng nghien cu-u ca ban v l tiing dan tOe thilu s l d Odng Nam BO, can CCP vao nhu-ng kit qua da dgt 6w