Một số giải pháp nhằm xóa đói giảm nghèo bền vững đối với đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số vùng miền Tây Nghệ An.pdf

MOT SO GIAI PHAP N H A M X O A DOI GIAM NGHEO BEN VtJ^G DOI V l DONG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO VUNG MIEN TAY NGHE AN NGUYEN DINH LONG* LE THI KIM LIEN" Tom tat: Viet Nam thuc Men chuang trinh xda ddi giam ngheo kha cdng va da tao dugc an tugng tdt cdng ddng qudc tl Tir mot nude gin nhu ngheo nhat the gidi vdi 58,1% dan sd thugc dien ngheo (1993), xudng 14,5% (2008) Song nhiing nam gan day anh hudng ciia suy thoai kinh te cimg vdi nhihig bat lgi thien tai, dich benh lien tiep xay tren dien rgng ca ve qui md va cudng dp nen ty le giam ngheo nhihig nam gan day cham lai, thieu ben vihig va cd su phan hda manh vdi sir chdnh lech vl thu nhap va ty le hp ngheo giira cac vimg (ndng thdn, thi, mien niii, ddng bang), va giiia cac dan tdc cang cao Mien Tay Nghe An la viing rgng Idn nMeu tiem nang phat trien kinh te, song dang la mdt vimg ngheo va cd ty le hg ddi ngheo cao nhat tinh Bai viet nham phan tich nhimg khd khan, thuc trang neu tren va kiln nghi giai phap xda ddi giam ngheo giai doan tdi ddi vdi ddng bao DTTS vimg mien Tay Nghd An SOLUTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE HUNGER ERADICATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION FOR MINORITY ETHNIC PEOPLE IN WESTERN AREA OF NGHE AN PROVINCE Attract: Hunger eradication and poverty reduction program has been successfully implemented in Vietnam, which has been an impression to intemational commimity, with the reduction from 58,1% of the population with poor income in 1993 (ranks the first poorest country in the world) to 14,5% in 2008 However, in recent years, due to effects of economic crisis, continuous natural disasters, and expanding epidemics poverty reduction rate has been slowly down, unsustainable together with the growing income gap and increasing poverty rate among areas (rural area, urban area, mountainous area and delta area), and among ethnic groups Western area of Nghe An province is a large area with great potentials for econoimc development However, presently, this is a poor area which occupies the largest poverty proportion of the province This paper discusses difficulties, situation and provides recommendations for hunger eradication and poverty reduction for minority ethnic groups in western Nghe An in the coming time Dat van dl Viet Nam la mdt frong nhttng qudc gia thuc Men chuang hinh xda ddi giam ngheo kha cdng va da tao dugc in hrgng tot frong cdng ddng qudc tl Tir mdt qudc gia gin nhu ngheo nhit thi gidi vdi khoang 58,1% dan sd thupc dien ngheo (1983), xuing cdn 14,5% (2008) Song nhimg nam gin day anh hudng cua suy thoai kinh tl toan ciu cimg vdi nhiing bat Igi tMen tai, dich benh lien tilp xiy fren dien rpng ca vl qui md va cudng dp Nha nude dS cd nMlu chinh sach ve diu tu phat triln kinh tl va giam ngheo hudng tdi cac vimg khd khan, dong bao cac dto tdc thilu sd (DTTS), nhung ty '? giam ngheo frong nhiing n t a gin day i^ham lai, tMdu bin viing va cd su phan hda manh The Men sir chenh lech vl thu nhap va •>" 1? hp ngheo'giiia cac viing (ndng thdn, *anh thi, miin niii, ddng bing), va giOa cac dan tdc cang cao Ddi vdi miin Tay Nghe An la mot viing rpng Idn cMlm 83,36% dien tich, chilm 35,7% dan sd toan tinh, vdi II/2I huyen, thi, * PGS TS Nguyin Binh Long, Vi^n NghiSn cOv qui ho^ch ndng nghidp ndng thdn "TS Li Thi Kim LiSn, Bai ht}C Hui I " Nghien ciru Bia lynhSn van, s6 (6) - Thang 9/2014 phi Trong dd: cd huyen mien nui cao va huyen, thi miin niii thip; dong bao DTTS cMlm 40% dan sd vimg Tuy la vimg rgng Idn cd nMeu tiem nang phat frien kinh tl ndng - lam nghiep, song ciing la viing cdn gap nhilu khd khan va cham phat trien, ddi sing nhan dan frong viing thap Mite thu nhap viing miin niii chi bing 63% bmh quan chung Clia tinh (15,5/24,5 fr.ddng), ty le hg ddi ngheo cd giam tir 36,19% (2011) xudng cdn 24,06% (2013), nhung vin cao gip 1,8 lin so vdi toan tinh Dac biet, tj' le hg ngheo la ding bao DTTS chilm fren 70%, ben canh si hg can ngheo cd nguy co tai ngheo rit cao khoang 45.318 hp chilm 16,17% Thirc ttang tren dang la nhOng thach thiic Idn chiln luge phat triln kinh tl - xa hgi va xda ddi giam ngheo ben viing dii vdi vimg mien Tay Nghe An frong giai doan tdi Mpt so kit qna va van de dat dii voi x6a doi giam ngheo mien Tay Nghe An Mot so kit qua ve xda doi giam ngheo a mien Toy Nghe An Cimg vdi nhiing cMnh sach diu tu Idn ciia Chinh phu va ciia tinh, ngudi ngheo nhin chung da cd nhilu ca h§i tilp can tdt hon vdi cac nguIn luc cho phat triln, nhu: co sd ting, giao due, y tl, vay vdn, khuyen ndng, khuyin lam va hd fro xda nha tam Hon nira, tinh da xay dung Chuang frinh hanh ddng vl dan tdc va miin mil, ban hanh nhieu CO chl, chinh sach khuyin khich hd trg, diu tu phat friln fring frgt, chan nudi, nghi rimg, nuoi frIng thuj' san nhSm diy m ^ phat triln kinh tl Cimg vdi thuc Men chuong trinh giam ngheo vdi 12 chinh sach, dvr an, tap frung vao nhdm: (i) Nhdm chinh sach va du an tao diiu kien phat friln san xuit cho hd ngheo; (ii) Nhdm chinh sach va dir an tao •diiu kien cho cac hg ngheo tilp can vdi cac dich vu xa hpi; (iii) Nhdm chinh sach va hoat dpng nang cao nhan thiic, nalig luc giam ngheo Trong nam (2011 - 2013) tinh da huy dpng dugc trdn 4.400,3 ty ding diu tuhl tro hd ngheo phat triln kinh tl ndng, l&n, ngu nghiep va cai thien diiu kien san xuit va ngudn luc sinh ke ciia cdng ddng va hg gia dinh Bilu Ca so tang nong thon viing mien nui tinh den 2013 A B Chi tieu T6C dp tang trniing kinh te Toe dd TTKT cua tinh Tyle(%) Ghi chii 8,93 Chung toan tinh Nghe An Toe TTKT viing mien Tay Co sif tang nong thon Ty le sd xa cd dudng d td 6,80 Chi bing 76,1% so vdi toan tinh 98,0 Dudng d td den trung tam xa Ty le so xa cd cdng trinh thuy lgi 63,0 Dap ling nhu cau tudi tieu Ty le so xa c6 dien ludi 92,0 Dien ludi QG den trung tam xa Ty le sd xa co fram Y te 100 Tr dd cd 98% sd fram cd bic sT Ty le sd xa co dii trudng, lap 90,0 Man non, tieu hpc, trang hpc Ty le sd xa cd dii cdng frinh cap nude 21,7 Cdng frinh c i p nude sinh hoat Ty le sd xa cd chg 55,2 Chg ndng thdn Nguon : UBND tinh Nghe An bao cao nam 2013 Tir do, san xuat ndng, lam, ngu nghiep da cd chuyin bien dang kl, nhilu tiin bp khoa hgc ky thuat dugc ap dung dem lai hieu qua kinh te cao Cac chi sd vl dien tich, nang suit ciia cac loai cJy frdng: lua, ngd, lac, mia, che va dan gia siic diu tang ttr - 4% Ca cau 12 cay frdng, vat nudi chuydn djch theo hudng san xuit chuydn canh tjp trang nham tjo san phim hang hoa phuc vu tieu diing va cung cip nguyen lieu cho cdng nghifp che biin Nhilu md Mnh kinh tl hd, kinh te frang frai d miin nui da phat triln va cd thu Nguyen vinn Long, Le Thi Kim Lien • M^t so giai phap nham xda doi nhlp cao tu hang chuc den hang tram trieu dong/nam Nhflng mo hinh phat trien kinh ti kha diSn hinh a huyen Qui Phong \h phat trien nghe dSt th6 cam a xa Muong Npc, cay chanh leo a xa Tri Ll, rau sach a xa Qud Scm, nuoi vit b4u xa C4m Muon va xa Quang Phong, nuoi nliim sinh san va nuoi ga den a thi trin Kim Son, xa Chau Kim, nuoi bo sinh san a Thong Thu, D6ng V§n, nuoi Ion sieu nac xa Ti6n Phong HoSc cac mo hinh a huyen Con Cuong ve cam xa Yen Khe; chan nuoi trau, bo xa Mon Son nhung ket qua da co hieu ung lan toa kha tich cue doi song kinh te - xa hoi nong thon va thon ban Tuy vay, hieu qua ciia cong tac giam ngheo cho ddng bao cac dan tpc thieu so van chua cao va chua ben vung, ngoai ve an ninh chinh tri - trat tir an toan xa hoi d mot so huyfn phijrc tap (Ky Scm, Tucmg Duong, QuS Phong, Quy Chau )- Mat khac, tu tucmg bao thu, cho vao su giiip d5 cua Nha nuac van 1cm can bo va dong bao cacdantgc 2.2, Mot so vdn de dat doi v&i xda doi giam ngheo a mien Toy Nghe An (i) Boi canh kinh te - xa hpi khong may thuan loi, hau qua ciia cupc khung khoang va suy soai kinh te toan cau tiep tuc nhi^u kho khan, nhieu doanh nghiep va du an tren dia ban ngung hoat dong, hoac hoat d6ng c4m chung, cung vol bien doi hau - da tac dpng/anh huong true tilp tcri tinh hinh phat trien kinh te - xa h6i ciia tinh noi chung, va dac biet doi voi vung mien Tay noi rieng la vk 1cm (ii) Vung miin Tay, la vung rpng 1cm nhilu tilm nang, song la vung kha dac thu vl diiu kien tir nhien khong thuan loi, hau khac nghiet, dia hinh phiic tap, chia cSt, dien tich dit nong nghiep it va kho canh tac He thdng kit cau tSng co cai thien, song vin ylu kem va thilu ddng bp Tilm nang nhilu, nhimg van kho khai thac va phat huy cac Ipi the ciia vung qua trinh phat trien san xuat kinh doanh va phuc vu doi song dan sinh tren dia ban (iii) La vung co nhieu dan tpc thieu so, chilm 40% dan so vimg trinh dp dan tri thip, va phong tuc tap quan rat khac ciia cacdan tpc, nen nguM ngheo co nhieu han chl vice tiep thu ky thuat san xuat va it CO nang luc to chiic san xuat kinh doanh, tham chi co tu tuong khong muon thoat "ngheo" de dupe hucmg che dp chinh sach uu tien Clia Nha nuac (iv) Nong nghiep hang hoa vung cham phat trien, chua hinh ket noi ro net vl chudi san pham va chudi gia tri ndng san ion voi thi trucmg Ve ca ban van la san xuit nhd, phan tan, mang hinh thai ndng nghiep tu nhien, nen hieu qua va thu nh|p thip (v) Nhu cau diu tu ve xay dung cac cong trinh ting ca so va dau tu phat trien kinh tl, dac biet phat trien ndng - lam nghiep thuc hien chuyen ddi ca cau cay trdng, vat nudi va cac md hinh dau tu tham canh la rit Idn, nhung ngudn luc cua tinh va huy ddng tu xa hpi cua cac doanh nghiep, don vi, td chiic rat han che Nen tren thuc te chua tao duac nhung xung luc manh cho phat trien kinh te ciia viing, dac biet ddi voi cac vung sau, vung xa va viing dac biet khd khan (vi) Mien Tay Ngh$ An cd 419 km dudng bien gidi vdi nuac CHDCND Lao, la vung cd vi tri chiSn luac ve an ninh, qudc phong quan trpng Song dang la mpt vung nhieu khd khan, trinh dp phat trien kinh te thip va mdt sd huyen tinh hinh an ninh chinh tri - trat tu an toan xa hpi, te nan ma tiiy cdn diln phiic tap Mpt so giai phap nham xda doi, giam ngfaeo ben virng doi vM dong bao DTTS vung mien Tay Nghf An Truac nhung van de neu tren can xac dinh xda ddi, giam ngheo mien Tay Nghe An, dac biet ddi vdi ddng bao DTTS la nhiem vu im tien hang dau cac chinh sach phat triln kinh te - xa hpi va tra phong trao each mang cd linh xa hpi hda cao 13 Nghien ciru Bia ly nhan van, so (6) - Thing 9/2014 hgi, phai cd nMlu bien phap cd Meu qua de 3.1 Mpt s6 quan diim ca ban ve XDGN hd frg ngudi ngheo vucm len thoat ngheo (i) Xda doi giam ngheo phai dtfa tren ca Trong thuc tl cho thiy nlu chi sir dyng cic sa tang trucmg Idnh ti nhanh, hieu qua va phuang tien tai chinh vat chit de hd frg fr^c bin vang, ddng thai phai luon chu dgng tgo tilp ngudi ngheo thi tac dung se rat ngan hjn cdc ngudn lifc mai cho hoat dgng trg giiip va ttong nhilu trudng hgp tao su >• lai, thy ndng cao ndng lite nguai ngheo ddng nhim hudng lgi tir chinh sach la chinh Ddi sdng va thu nhap thip -> ngheo ddi ^ (iii) Triin khai Idng ghep cd hieu qua cdc kinh tl cham phat friln luon la vong luan chuang trinh, du dn ve phat trien kinh te - xa quin, mau thuln D I giai quylt van de, tir hoi vd xoa ddi gidm ngheo tren cdc dia ban nhihig kit qua va thuc tiin vira qua cho thay: ndng thdn cu the tang trudng kinh tl cao, bin viing vita la dieu Xoa ddi giam ngheo phai la nhifm vy kieh, vira la tiin dl chii ylu de phat frien ya thudng xuyen cua toan xa hgi vdi svr huy nit ngin khoang each ve frinh dp phat frien ddng mpi ngudn luc va co hpi nhim diu tu kinh tl gira cac vimg va cac dan tpc, ddng hd trg cho phat friln kinh te gin vdi xda doi thdi tao nguIn luc dl frg giiip nang cao nang giam ngheo Tuy vay, Men dang cd tinh Ivc ngudi ngheo va tang philc lgi, cai thien ttang chdng cheo diu tu vl chuang trinh, d\r mirc sdng ciia nhan dan, giam ngheo ddi, thuc Men cong bing xa hpi tao hieu img ya an tir cac nganh, cac ITnh vuc va tir cac nguon sir lan toa tich cue phat triln kinh te khac tren cimg mdt dia ban nen di xa hpi thuc Men xda ddi giam ngheo ben din din dan trai, phSn tan, iang phi vk k^m vimg hieu qua Tit quan dilm cin cd sy phii fii) Xda doi giam ngheo khong chi la hgp Idng ghep cac ngudn luc (chuang trinh, nhi^m vu cua Nhd nuac, cita toan xd hoi, md du an) trdn cimg mot dia ban nham phat huy quan trgng han la phai y thicc dugc la hieu qua va tiet kiem cac ngudn luc nang cao trdch nhiem chinh cita ban thdn nguai ngheo hieu qua dau tu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi gan vd cgng ddng ngudi ngheo nhdm tgo diing vdi xda ddi giam ngheo ben vung luc thoat ngheo ta ngudi ngheo qua 3.2 Mtic tieu ve xoa doi gidm ngheo vitng trinh xda ddi giam ngheo mien Tay Nghe An Tu vuon len thoat ngheo ddi phai la su Vdi nhOng vin dl neu fren tinh da ban nghiep ciia ngudi ngheo, cdng ding ngudi hanh chuang trinh hanh ddng va muc tieu c\i ngheo Vdi quan diem Nha nude cac cap the ve xda ddi giam ngheo vimg mien Tay (Trimg uang den dia phuong) vdi tu each la ngudi dieu hda cac ngudn luc chung ciia xa den nam 2020, nhu sau: Bang Ve muc tieu xoa doi giam ngheo viing mien Tay Nghe An Chi tieu Tang ve thu nhap - Gia ttj thu nhap binh quan (Tr.d/ngudi/nam) - Gia tri thu nhap binh quan ngudi ngheo Ty le giam ho ngheo/nam Ty le lao dong qua dao tao Giai quySt viec lam lao dong/nam DVT Lan 201S 1,65 Tr.d 15,5-25,5 Tr.d , - 7,6 % % 1000 LD 3-4,0 32-45,0 16-16,5 2016 - 2020 2,0 25,5-51,0 7,6-19,0 - 2,5 - 55,0 16,5- 17,0 Nguon : UBND tinh Nghe An, Bi dn xoa ddi gidm ngheo (2014) Dl thuc hien cac muc tieu vl xda ddi giam khudng khd bai vilt xin kiln nghi ngheo, frong Dl an xda ddi giam ngheo mdt so giai phap cd tinh co ban cua tinh (2014) da neu nhilu giai phap, song 14 Nguycn vmn L.ong, Le ini Kim Lien • Mgt so giai phap nham xoa doi 3.3 Mot so gidi phap xoa doi, giam ngheo ben viing doi v&i dong bao ddn toe thieu so viing miin Toy Nghe An A Gidi phap chung (i) Day manh phat trien kinh te viing mien Tay Id dieu kien tien quyet de xoa doi gidm ngheo mgt cdch bin vimg - Phat huy lai thi ciia vung, tap trung qui hoach va uu tign dau tu xay dung cac du an trpng dilm nhim tao ddng luc phat triln kinh te - xa hpi cua vung Dac biet khai thac cac lai thi vung bien tren tuyin bien gidi dai 419 km - Tiep tuc ddi mdi ca che chinh sach, cai thien mdi trucmg dau tu vao miin Tay, kdu gpi cac doanh nghiep Idn nhu cdng ty TNHH mia dudng Nghe An Tate & Lyle, cdng ty siia Vinamilk, TH True milk vao lien doanh, lien ket vdi ngudi dan phat triln san xuat h ^ g hda, hinh cac chudi san pham va gia tri ndng san lan Mat khac, md mang cac loai hinh doanh nghiep, khu cdng nghiep, Iang nghe, trang trai, va phat trien cac loai hinh du lich (du lich cdng ddng, du lich sinh thai ) de thu hut lao d0ng va t^o viec lam, nham thuc su md rpng khdng gian kinh tl - xa hpi Clia vung mien Tay (ii) Ndng cao chat lugng nguon nhan luc, la yeu to co tinh quyet dinh den su ton tgi vd phat trien - Nhung nam qua tinh da quan tam nang cao chat lupng ngudn lao dpng va da cd nhilu kit qua, nhung nhin chung chit lupng lao ddng vin cdn thip, ty le lao ddng qua dao tao nghe mdi dat 33%, lao ddng khdng cd trinh dp tay nghi se it cd ca hpi cd vif c lam, cd thu nhap, din din ddi ngheo Vi v^y, phai tap trung phat trien ngudn nhan luc giai doan tdi nhu muc tieu da xac dinh den nam 2015 phin diu co 45% va din nam 2020 la 55% lao dpng duac dao tao, day la nhiem vu nSng ne, cap bach hang dau B Gidiphdp tai cap ca sa vd cong dong (i) Muon xoa doi, gidm ngheo thdnh cong cho dong bdo cdc ddn toe thieu so truac hit: - Phdi tap trung ndng cao trinh ddn tri, coi dd la dieu kien de xoa ddi giam ngheo chinh tut su biit pha ciia ngudi ngheo mdi ben vung Neu khdng cd su biit pha ve kinh te cua ngudi ngheo thi ket qua giam ngheo se thieu tinh ben vung Tuy nhien, su hd trp tu Nha nude la can thiet, song tranh tinh trang y lai, thu dpng trdng chd hudng lai tut chinh sach, ma tren thuc te da xuat hien ngudi ngheo khdng mudn thoat ngheo - Giai quyet bai toan kinh te ddi vdi hd ngheo thi ben canh su nd lire ciia chinh cac hd, can phai tiep tuc thuc hien va phat huy hieu-qua cac chinh sach hd trp giam ngheo nhu: chinh sach van hoa, y tl, giao due, vay vdn tin dung va hd trp cho phat trien sinh ke thdng qua trp giiip cac diiu kien va dich vu san xuat, dao tao nghe d6 t£io viSc lam, ; tiep tuc uru tien dau tu ca sd tang thiit ydu phuc vu san xuat va ddi sdng dan sinh, nhat la dau tu cho cac thdn, ban d vimg sau, vung xa, vung dac biet khd khSn de ngudi dan dupe tiep cgn tdt han cac ngudn von xa hpi va dich vu cdng - Diy manh hoat ddng tuyen truyin tao su thdng nhat vl nhan thiic dl mdi ngudi dan cd y thiic vuon len thoat ngheo va lam giau chinh dang, tranh tu tudng ;y lai Nhu v|y, cac chinh sach chuong trinh xda ddi, giam ngheo se di vao cupc sdng ddng bao dan tpc thilu sd cd hieu qua va hieu ling lan tda nhanh (ii) Tiip cgn hoc tap tie cdc "diim sdng tich cue" ve diin hinhphdt triin kinh ti thoat ngheo Clia cdc ho, cdc mo hinh kinh ti cong dong - Van de can nhin nhan mpt each tich eye hon ia: moi trudng va diiu kien dd, cd tdi 30% ho DTTS khdng thupc dien ngheo, vay tai khoang 1/3 hd DTTS da thoat ngheo? dat cau hdi va tra Idi nhiing cau hdi tai ngheo va tai thoat ngheo se giup nhan dien day du hon ve ngheo, dl cd cac 15 Nghien elm Bia ly nhan van, so (S) - Thing 9/2014 giai phap thich hgp cho xda ddi giam ngheo ddi vdi cac nhdm ddi tuong ngheo khac mdt each ben viing - Lam ro nhiing "dilm sang tich cue" frong thdn ban, nhim tao hieu ling Ian tda sau rgng frong cdng ddng cd thi noi day la mpt kenh chuyin giao tdt nhit kinh nghiem gitta ngudi dan din ngudi dan, hgc tap lan rit cd hieu qua va cd siic lan tda nhanh Tuy nMen, khong cd mpt md hinh giam ngheo "ly tudng" hoac "duy nhit" ma nhim chi cac ylu td cd y nghTa tich cue ddi vdi tien trinh giam ngheo cua cac hd (iii) Ba dgng hoa sinh ki Id chien luac cot loi di thoat ngheo cua cdc hg gia dinh DTTS - Da dang hda sinh ke hd gia dinh nham hudng tdi giai quylt muc tieu kinh te cua hg frong nhiing diiu kien cu the Song, ndng lam nghiep vin la sinh kl chinh cua ding bao DTTS Cac nguIn vdn sinh kl ngudi ngheo nhihig nam gin day, da dugc cai thien, nhung kha nang tilp c?n, lira chpn chiln luge sinh kl la rat khac Ddi vdi hp ngheo nen lua chpn uu tien cac md hinh sinh ke d\ra tren tri thiic ban dia va sir da dang hda sinh kl cua cac hd la cin thiit Ddng thdi, phat huy cac lgi the, tiem nang ciia timg tieu viing, timg cdng ddng thdn ban lira chgn nhung san pham, nganh nghe thich hgp theo phuong cham "mdi thdn ban, mpt san phim ndi bSt" M^t khac, tilp tuc tao diiu kien va hd trp cho lao ddng tiep can va tham gia vao thi trudng lao dpng vdn rat da dang va nMeu Mnh thiic khac nhau, nhu: xuit khiu lao ddng va lao ddng di lam cho cac doanh nghiep, trang trai, cac gia dmh frong viing va ngoai viing nham gdp phin nang cao thu nhap, cai thien cugc sing (iv) Cai thien vd doi mai tiep can dich VM khuyen nong - Cac dich vu khuyin ndng ddng vai fro rk quan frong ddi vdi giam ngheo ben_ vitag khu vuc ndng thdn ndi chung, ddng bao DTTS ndi ridng, vi hd ngheo thudng chiu thiet thdi hon vl vdn xa hdi, hie la kha nang tilp can cac dich vu va diu tu cdng kem hem nhilu so vdi cac hd kha gia Nen khuyin ndng tai cac viing miin nui DTTS can cai tiin theo hudng cd Igi hon cho ngudi nghto Do vay, thay thi md hinh truyin thdng mo lap bing thdng qua cac md hinh cd su tham gia nhu: Idp hgc fren ddng rudng; phat friln ky thuat tir ndng dan den ndng dSn, hinh thuc trinh dien dl phii hgp va sat hon vdi dieu kien va tap quan canh tac cua ngudi ngheo DTTS cin ap dimg rpng rai phuang phap khuyin ndng "tir ndng dan din ndng dSn" phat huy vai trd lan tda cua nhiing ngudi tien phong nhim cai thien tiep c ^ dich vy khuyin ndng ciia ngudi ngheo (v) Ra soat ve mgt sd chinh sach ho h-g true tiep cho nguoi ngheo theo hudng tang cudng "ho trg co dieu kien" vd "ho tra co thu hoi" nham thuc day su chu dpng vuon len ciia ngudi ngheo - Thuc Men mgt sd chinh sach hd frg true tiep dudi dang "du an hd frg Idng ghep" b timg xa, timg thdn ban, dl dam bao phii kit hgp cac ngudn luc va lam ro vai fro va frach nhiem ciia cac ben lien quan, giiip chuyen tir each hd frg theo timg nganh rieng le sang ho trg lien nganh, chuyen tir hd frg mgt lin sang hi trg theo qua frinh dl dam bao tinh bin virng Bong then, tang cudng ndng li^c thuc hien cdc chirc ndng cong dong ve kinh te, xa hgi vd dich VIA trg giiip co lgi cho ngudi ngheo vd cdc nhom yeu the, tao nen tang cho tien trinh giam ngheo bin vung d cac cdng ddng, xa, thdn, ban./ TAI LIEU THAM K H A O 1, UBND Tinh Ngh8 An (2014), D^ in: Glim nghio vi nang cao miic sing cho Nhin din vung miin Tiy vi ven biin Nghi An din 2020 AAV vS Oxfam thifc hien nSm 2012, Bao cSo nghidn cCpu- f/ld hinh glim nghio tai mdt s6 cdng ding din tic thiiu si diin hinh Vl(t Nam 16