NghiSn cihi An Do va Chdu A Sd - 2015 ^HOAT DQNG BUON BAN NGU"A CHIEN CUA N G U O I BO SAO NHA AN D O DUONG THE KY XVI Nguyen Duy Chinh* T / d o the ky XVI, tren ca sa siic mgnh hdi qudn, ngudi Bd Bao Nha da van hdnh hf V thdng thuang mgi ddc quyin cOa minh mdt cdch cd hifu qud Ben cgnh gia v/ va huang lifu, ho da tien hdnh budn bdn ngua chien, hogt dgng mang lgi cho hg nhimg loi ich quan cd ve kinh te vd chinh tri Mac dit ddy khdng phdi Id logi hang hda ddng mong d^ nhdt cua hg nhung ngudi Bd Bdo Nhg da sdm tiep nhgn nd tic hf thdng cO Bdi viit tgp trung phdn tich stf vdn hdnh cua hogt ddng ndy ciing nhu nhOng tdc dgng cug nd ddi vai Bd Bdo Nha vd tinh hinh chinh tri Iren tieu luc dia An BQ Tit khda: Ngya chiin; thuong mai An Dp Duong; phit kiin dia ly Dat vin d i Hf thong thuong m?i dpc quyin mi Bo Dio Nha thiit l$p d An Dp Duong thi ky XVI cd tic ddng sau sic tdi ljch sii kinh ti, chinh ttj d khu vyc niy cimg nhu cd mdi lien hf chat chf tdi m ^ g ludi thuang m?i toin cau mdi hinh th4nh Nd da dat co sd cho ho?t dpng cda cic cdng ty Ddng An phuong Tay thi ky XVII, ding thdi li nhttng budc di diu tien cua chu nghia tiiyc dan tim quan ttpng ve kinh ti vi chinh tri d diy, chung tdi t^p trung lim rd mpt ming ldn vin it dupc chii y ttong toan bp cic boat dfng ciia ngudi Bd Dio Nha d phuong Ddng ndi chung v i khu vyc An Df Duong ndi rifng, dd la ho^t ddng budn bin ngya chiin Diiu dd gdp phin lim sing td biic ttanh toin cinh vi thucmg mai An Df Duong thdi ky ttong v i sau phit kiin dia ly, ding thdi phan tich mii quan hf cila hoat dpng thuong mjii v4 tinh hmh chinh tri An Df buii diu ciia chu nghTa thyc dan Ho?t d§ng mua bin gia vi vi huong lifu, djc bift Ii h i tifu, da dupc xic djnh rd Giii quyit van de •ThS., D9i h9C Su ph9m Hii Nfi 23 Nguyen Duy Chinh Ho0 ddng budn bdn ngua 2.1 He thdng thuang mgi An Bd Buong thdi ky sau phdt kien dia ly da chiim linh hf tiling tiiuong m?i An Do Duong vi v|n hinh nd hang thi ky bing Hoat ddng thuong mai v4 chinh tri - siic manh ciia ham dpi va thuong thuyin, quan su d phuong Ddng ciia ngudi Bd D4o bang cich dinh b?i cic ddi thil silng sd cila Nha thi ky XV, XVI cd nhimg dae ti-ung hp nhu Ai Cap, Ottoman hay cic tiiu quic rieng, khic bift so vdi kieu thiic budn ban ven biin miin Tiy An Dp Hp ttd thinh ke ciia nhimg ngudi tiin bii ciia hp - ngudi nim ddc quyin, bit bupc cac ddi tupng Hy Lap, La Mi vi nhit li cac thuong nhin khic tiiam gia vio hf thing niy phii tuan Italia, nhttng ngudi lim chu Dja Trung Hii thu "luat choi" cua hp thdi Trung ci vi gitt mdi lien hf vdi Mat khic, phucmg thiic budn bin cOng phucmg Ddng nhiiu thi ky hoin toin mod me, theo kiiu "tiiyc dan" Trudc hit, vdi vai ttd 14 nhung ngudi di tifn phong ttong phong tr4o tim dudng sang An Dd, tim din v4ng v4 gia vj, huong lifu, ngudi Bi D4o Nha da thiit lip tuyin thuong m?i dudng biin nii ttvc tiip tir chau Au tdi phuong Ddng Hp khdng tiidng qua mpt ttung gian nao (ngudi Arab, ngudi Turk hay bit cir nhdm n4o giua chau Au va phuong Ddng - tiiudng dupc hiiu diin hinh nhat 14 Trung Hoa v4 An Df), ndi liin hai trung tam ldn nhit vi kinh ti, chmh ttj flii gidi Con dudng niy chua hi dupc vfn hinh lien m?ch vi cd chii flii bao triim frudc nim 1498 Vasco da Gama tdi Cahcut d Tiy Nam An Dp va sau dd nim 1511 ngudi Bd Dio Nha nii An Dp vdi Ddng Nam A qua Malacca Nd dupc phat hifn v4 chiSm Iinh bang siic m?nh ciia ham dpi kit hpp vdi tiiuong tiiuyin cd tt^ng bj vu khi, v4 diiu dd lien quan chat che tdi tinh chit cua ho?t dfng budn bin budi diu flidi Can d^ Dd li host dfng budn bin dupc hd frp bing sue ni?nh quin sy, chii yiu li hai quan, bang sy chi huy cila nhi nudc Bd Dio Nha 24 (Khdng nfn dimg khii nifm "tu bin chu nghia" d day vdn se giy nhiiu tranh cai hdi le Bd Dio Nha hay ci Tiy Ban Nha chua cd sy chuyin biin sau sic ttong thi ky XV - XVI ve tt'nh chit cic moi quan hf kinh ti - xi hdi, du tiieo quan diim kha phi biin cho rang hp cd vai ttd dae bift quan trpng ttong tiin hinh "tich luy tu bin nguyen fliuy") vdi nhung dae trung: • Trao ddi khdng ngang gii, lpi ich ludn nghifng vi phia Bd Dio Nha, du la td gidi Goa cua hp hay ttfn bd bien Malabar ciia cac vucmg quic An Dp Tmh chit cudp bdc tiii hien bing nhung hinh dpng chiim doat, ddt pha vdi h4ng loat nhttng mmh chiing lich su Vifc nim ddc quyin thuong mai An Dp Duong ttong gin mdt tiii ky da mang lai cho ngudi Bd Dao Nha nhttng ngudn Ipi to Idn Vdi hf tiling tiiuong diim frii dii ti bd bifn Tay chiu Phi tdi viing Ddng A, ngudi Bi Dio Nha da nim gitt khu vyc budn ban sdi dpng vi giiu cd nhit tiii gidi liic biy gid Hp ttd nhi dfc quyen cung cap nhttng sin phim hing hda Nghien cuu An Dd v4 Chau A Si - 2015 thuong mai D?i Tay Ducmg vdi An Dp Duong v i Thii Binh Ducmg, hie li hinh thinh nen mang ludi thucmg mai toan ciu, bang viec kham phi vi thiit I$p hf thdng thuong diim ven biin tir chau Phi tdi An Cd thf ndi ring, Bd Dio Nha khdng Dp, tu An Dp tdi Ddng Nam A vi keo dii thift lap nfn hf thdng thucmg mai hing hii tdi Nhit Bin, ttong dd, An Df ttd d phuong Ddng Tuy nhien vai ttd cua hp trung tam cua mang ludi (v4 mpt phin thupc vi Tay Ban Nha) d|c bift quan ttpng d difm hp di ket noi phucmg Ddng cho chau Au, ngin chan nhitag ddi thil thuong mai cua minh bing h^m dpi ttfn m^t bifn v4 hf thdng cic cii diim ven bd biin Bd Dio Nha dii nhd bd nhung cd thi lyc v i giau cd nhat chau Au H £ T H O N G T H U ' O N G D I E M CilA BO DAO NHA CHAU A VA AN DQ Nguon bin di: M.N Pearson (2006), The Portuguese in India, 2"'' ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p xix - xx 2.2 Hojil d^ng budn bdn ngita chien cia ngudi Bd Bao Nha Trong suit thi ky XVI ngudi Bo Dao Nha thyc sy nim dpc quyin thucmg mji hang hii d An Dp Duong, budn bin h i tifu di ludn Ii ho?t dpng mang l?i nguin lpi to ldn nhit cho hp, thim chi cdn ldn hon ngudn tiiu tit tiiui khda ttong nudc Nd dam bio cho ngan sich quoc gia cua chinh quyin nhi vua Tuy v|y, bfn c?nh nguon lpi vin li myc tifu ma hp thfm kbit tiin hinh phit kien dja ly dd, ngudi Bd Dio Nha da thu dupc mdt lpi ich khac tu thi ddc quyin vi hii quan ttfn An Dp Duong, dd li budn ban ngya chiin Lpi ich niy bit ngudn ttt nhitag die thd cua tiiu lyc dja An Dp vi gidng v§t nuoi va tinh hinh chinh tri 25 Nguyen Duy Chmh Hogt ddng budn ban ngua An Dp khdng cd nhttng gidng ngya dfng vi vupt ttpi so vdi vifc sii dyng voi tit cho vifc ehuyfn chd hing hda vi phyc chiin vin cham ch^ip vi sd lupng cd h^n vy chiin ttanh, nhttng nhu clu thiit yfu Mft khach du ljch ngudi Bi Dio Nha ttong ddi song kinh ti vi hojit ddng cua 14 Ludovico di Varthema tdi Vijayanagara nhi nudc phong kiin luc biy gid Do do, ttong kho4ng nim 1502 - 1508 ndi rSng di dip irng nhu ciu cua minh An Dp nhi vua, luc niy li Vira Narasimha Raya nhfp khiu ngya ttt vimg Trung A vi Arab thupc vuong ttieu Tuluva, da ludn ci gang qua dudng bien tten vjnh Arab tri mpt df i ky binh himg manh vdi Trudc ngudi Bd Dao Nha tdi An Dd, si 40.000' Vdi quin s6 ky binh ldn nhu vifc niy nim ttong tay thuang nhin Arab vfiy vi ludn ludn phii ddi phd vdi cic djch d Trung Ddng v4 thuang nhin Ai Cap thu Hdi giio Deccan, Vijayanagara lufn Theo Burton Stein, vifc nh^p khiu ngya ludn cd nhu cau ldn vf ngya chiin Bgn chien, von dupc chii y tu the ky XIII thdi canh do, vifc stt dyng ngya cho cic chuyin Marco Polo, cung keo theo vifc nhip di chuyen cua hoing gia ciing dupc xem khiu phio vi sung trudng ting Ifn' nhu mdt ddng lyc thdi thiic nhi vua Vifc budn ban ngua trudc thi ky XVI Vijayanagara tim kiim ngudn cung cap chu yiu thdng qua cing vimg Konkal dpng vgt die bift niy (Tay An Dp); Dabhol, Chaul va Goa Djch thii tryc tiip va dang gdm cOia Nhitag ngya tdi tu vimg vjnh Vijayanagara, Hoi qudc Bahmani himg Persian, dupc mang tdi An Df von khdng manh (1347 - 1527) ciing cd nhu ciu tuong bao gid cd giong ngua tit Vimg chinh nudi ty Sau tich khdi Bahmani, Hoi quic ngua d An Df Ii Kutch, thupc Gujarat, Bijapur cung da giii nhitag yeu ciu mua nhung ngya d dd chi li giing ngya tiiuong, khdng cd gii tn cao "Giing ngua tit nhit ngya tdi Tdng ttin Bd Dio Nha li 14 ngya Arab, tiip tiieo la ngya thufc vimg Albuquerque" Tham chi, ttong giai do?n vjnh Persian, vi thu ba Ii ngya vung khung being vi ben bd dift vong, vuong Cambay [Gujarat - An Df] Gidng ngya tiieu Hdi giio Delhi cung da nhan thilc vJ ngiy cang quan tam tdi ngudn cung dp sau ciing it cd gii ttj"^ ngya mdi ttong tay ngudi Bo Dio Nha Trong cic cupc chiin ttanh vdn xiy Do vay, nhttng tiimg tam quyin lyc lifn mifn ttt lin sdng Hii giio ttin tdi ttfn dat An Dd hudng su chii y cua minh vl An Df, ngya chiin thucmg cd j nghia djc bift quan ttpng Lyc lupng ky binh himg manh li yiu to dam bio giinh uu thi, co Vasundhara Filliozat (1977), Vijayanagar as seen by ' Burton Stein (1999), Vijayanagara, V ed, Cambriiige Univereity Press London, page 74 ' Tome Pires (1944), Suma Oriental, vol.I Ipndon pagc2I 26 Domingos Peas and Fernao Nuniz (16 Cenlvry Portuguese Chroniclers) and Others, National Book Trust, New Delhi, p.285 K.S Mathew (1996), Indian Ocean and Cultural Inleraction (A.D 1400-1800), Pondicherry University, Pondicheny, p l 5 Nghifn ciiu An Df vi Chiu A Si - 2015 bd bien phia Tay, chu yeu li bd biin Konkal Sy chiim linh cac cing Dabhol, Chaul vi Goa cd y nghTa quyit djnh df gi4nh uu the vf nguon ngua chiin Dd li mft nhitag nguyen nhan din tdi cufc chiin gianh cang Goa, ttt rit sdm trudc ngudi Bd Dio Nha din Calicut nam 1498 Vio thdi k^ cic Raya cua Viajayanagara chiim Iinh Goa vi cd nguin ngya chiin ddi dio, Bahmani dang kiim soit Dabhol vi Chaul Tinh hinh niy keo dii til cuii thi ky XIV din nam 1470, nim mi Bahmani dudi thdi ky te tudng D Gawan fin cdng chiim duac thuong cing, quin cing quan trpng niy Vfy li Bahmani chiim linh dupc ci cing bifn quan ttpng frfn bd bifn Konkal, nam dupc diem din cua dudng dua ngya chifn ttt Trung Ddng din An Dd Dieu dang chil y li Gawan vi nhiiu quan chirc cao cip cung nhu cic hpc gii ttong ttiiu dinh Bahmani thudng xuit thin ttt vimg Vjnh Persian, khdng phii din ding thai vdi cic quy tf c Bahmani vin cung cd gdc gac ttt khu vyc niy mi sau dupc ttiiu dinh mdi tdi, giao cho nhiiu ttpng trich Ngudi ta cho ring cd hai thtt mi Bahmani tim kiim d "Thi gidi Ba Tu" 14 ngya chiin v4 ting ldp tinh hoa (cic hpc gii, thuomg gia, quan chttc)' Theo nhitag ghi chf p nii tiing vio thi ky XVI cua Per Nao Nuniz, vin cung Ii mft lai budn ngya, vj vua himg manh Krishna Devaraya cdn mudn dfc quyin *Rechard M Eaton (2005), A social history of the Deccan, 1330 - 1761: eight Indian lives, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 78 ttong boat dpng budn bin quan ttpng niy Cic Vijayanagar tham chi cdn nghi vi vifc cd thi hoan toin kiim soit virag ding bing Tamiraparani di hp cd thi cd mdt cinh cua khic cho vifc nhfp khiu ngya ttt Ba Tu v i ARfp Sau chiim dupc cing Goa v4 biin nd th4nh trung tam thuong m^i, rdi trung tam chinh tri cua minh d An Df, ngudi Bd Dao Nha c4ng diy m?nh hoat ddng thuang tn^i vin rat quan ttpng n4y Trudc het, ve nguon cung cap ngua, ngudi Bo D4o Nha dya v4o chinh nguon cu tu khu vuc Trung Dong Trong dd cang Hormuz (Ormuz) d cua vjnh Ba Tu la noi hp nhin nhitag ngya chiin cd chat lupng rit tdt, chuyen chd bing tiu biin tdi bd biin Tay An Df Trung binh, mft tiu ttpng tii 125 tin thudng chd flieo 100 thinh vifn giro thuy thii do4n v4 hanh khich, cung khoing 70 ngya chiin' Ngudi Bo Dio Nha dupc cho li di bin ngya sdm nhat vao ngiy 1I/10/I5I2 din Nayak cua khu vyc Kanyakumari' Khi Albuquerque chiim Goa, ngudi Bd Dio Nha da nd lyc thuc diy cho ho^it dfng thuong mai sinh lpi niy Bat ky thuyin nio vio Goa cilng mang theo it nhit 10 ngua tu vimg Hormuz, vi cac thuong nhan ddi Goa mang theo -5 ngya dupc giii tdi •icS Mathew (1996), Sdd, p.l56 -157 'Jeyaseela Stephen (2001), The Nayaks of Tamil Country and Portuguese Trade in War-Animals, in Pius Malekandathil & Jamal Mohammed (edits) The Portuguese, Indian Ocean and European Bridgeheads 1500-1800, Fundafao Oriente, p.213 27 Nguyin Duy Chinh Hogt ddng budn bdn ngua cic vimg td gidi ttong cic nhi hii quan thufc vimg lanh thd budn ban cua Goa chap nh§n vdi rapt bin Hifp udc nim 1574 cho phf p budn bin ngya vdi nhttng ngudi bin dia Khdng lau sau, ngudi Bd Dio Nha Ngudi Bi Dio Nha cung cd gang tip di khdng dupc phep dem ngua ttt Goa vao trung loan bd vifc budn bin ngya d Goa nfi dja di bin d Bijapur Thay cho vifc mft each bat bufc, viy bit ky tiu tiiuong nhin Bijapur sg phii tdi Goa de thuyen nio tu nam ban dio Arab hoic mua ngya^ Hormuz cd chd ngya cho thi tiirdng An Dp deu chi cd thf c|ip bin Goa Nhi vua Bi Gii ci cua vifc budn bin ngya, xuit Dio Nha khdng ngimg cung co lip lufn phat tu thi dfc quyin cua ngudi Bi Dao quan ttpng niy vi da dimg nhiiu bifn phap Nha, da ludn dupc diy len cao di thyc hifn diiu dd Theo tiieu dinh Bi Mpt ngya tot cd gii 500 cnizado Dio Nha, vifc dua ngya tdi Goa von (don vj tiin tf Bd Dio Nha stt dyng ttong quan df i Bd Dio Nha nim gitt se mang lpi thi ky XVI - XVIII, tiiudng bing bjc, co nhieu Ipi nhuan hon, chii yiu 14 thui hii thi cd dong ving), ttimg binh Ii 300 quan, hon 14 dua tdi Cochm, mft h4i cing cruzado Thui nhJp khiu ttt gia sue la mft vj tiiu vuong Hdi giao cai ttj ngudn thu chu yiu ciia ci cing Konkan Trong tiiyc ti, diiu niy da khdng bao d Goa, mdi nim cd trung binh khoang gid dupc thyc hifn mft cich nghifm ngit, 2000 ngya chiin dupc ehuyfn chd tdi, ngoai tttt mft vii nim diu tiSn Ke hd chinh chu yiu 14 ngya Arfp Mdi ngua bj thu ttong hf tiling dd la nhttng noi nim ben 40 cruzado tiiui Hang nam cd it nhit 1000 ngoai vung Goa quin li, vi nhflng noi ngudi ngya cap c4ng Goa, viy mft nua Bd Dio Nha muin dem ngya tdi phyc vy thu thip cda thinh phd din til nguin thu cho chinh hp, ca hai vin di thudng xuyfn thui gia sdc, chu yiu li ngya Nhttng dupc chinh quyin Goa cho qua vi nhflng li ngya niy dupc chuyin ttt cic cing Konkan chinh fri Do vfy, khdng chi Goa, mpt si dfn cic nhi nudc Hii giio Deccan: cing tiij nhu Cochm, Chaul d bd biin Vijayanagara nhan ngya til Cannanore va Malabar phia Tay, tiifm chi li ci d Bhaflcal' Coromandel, cung diln host ddng mang Tu vifc budn bin nay, vua Bo Dio Nha lai nhiiu lpi nhuan niy d?t dupc ci lpi ich tii chinh vi chinh trj Mpt yeu ti ngoii chinh trj cung giy Trong nhflng nim dau 1513 1514, vifc nhflng khd khin nhit djnh cho budn bin budn bin niy mang lai lgi tttc thui khoing ngya chiin, li tdn giio Nhi tiid Thifn chiia 5000 cruzado Nam 1523, nd ting Ifn giio d Goa khdng thua nhan vifc bin ngya 18.000 cruzado v i nhflng nam 40 ciia the cua cac tin di Thifn chiia giio cho nhttng ky XVI mang tdi khoin lpi nhuan tdi ke ngo?i djo, bdi Difu If cua Giio hoang cim diiu niy Cuii cimg Giio hpi cung di ' M.N Pearson (2006), Sdd, p.50 NhutTBn 28 NghiSn curu An Dg va Chau A Sd - 2015 65.000 cruzado Song cudi thS ky XVI Idioan thu bj sut gidm ro rdt, hllu h6t cd v6 Id nguoi Bd Dao Nha da cho phep viec budn bdn ngya d cdc cang khac vi nhihig H chinh trj Khodng ndm 1580, Goa thu dugc 9000 cruzado tCr budn bdn ngua, Chaul (Mpt cdng ndm vS phia Bdc cua Goa khodng 60km va dugc xdy dung nam 1523 tdm noi ddn tru cua binh linh Bd Ddo Nha vd Id mot hdi cdng manh, ndm giGa Goa vd Malabar) la 14.000'*'Lgi ich chtnh trj cung cd thS trd nen quan trpng thdi gian Vijayanagara vd nhd nudc Hdi gido Deccan thudng xuyen xay chien tranh vdi thi ky XVI, trudc Vijayanagara bj ddnh b^i m0t t r ^ dgi chiln gdn Takolita ndm 1565 Mdi nha nudc dd cung cap nhtmg td gidi ldn cho ngudi Bd Ddo Nha dk ddi idy vi?c Bd Ddo Nha tiJr ehdi ban ngya cho ke thil ciia hp Do vay ngudi Bo Ddo Nha cd khd ndng liy dupc nhung vung td gidi ldn tu nhimg nguon cung cap nay, vd kich dOng hg chdng dS phuc vu cho lgi ich riSng cua hp Cd le myc dich chinh tri vd lap td gidi Id myc dich chinh md ngudi B Dao Nha hudng tdi viec budn bdn ngua, di nhien, nhu dd phan tich, lgi ich kinh tk cimg ddc bi?t ddng luu y Ngudi Bd Ddo Nha khdng c ^ ngya chien qua viec budn bdn d An Dp Duong theo gdc dg su dung chung cho myc dich van chuyin vd chiln tranh Dd Id m^t hogt d^ng von ton tai Idu ddi d ddy va vdi tu cdch Id kd dpc quyln "^.N, Pearson (2006), The Portuguese in India, Sdd, page 50-51 chiem ITnh h% thdng thucmg mai An Dp Duong, Bd Ddo Nha khdng the bang quan voi chuyen vd hg da lgi dung mdt cdch ddc bi?t hi^u qua cda hoat ddng nay, vdn khdng phai Id uu tien nhu vice budn bdn gia vi vd huong li?u (Hd tieu d Malabar, d Ddng Nam A, Qui va sa nhdn d Sri Lanka, mia dudng d Trung Hoa ) Cd thl thay, viec budn bdn ngua cua ngudi Bd Ddo Nha nhdm hai myc dich co bdn: kinh tl - d6i Idy gia vj, vd chinh trj thu nhdn dupc sy ung hO cua cdc nhd nudc An Dp, cung nhu nhihig vung dat td gidi cho minh Vi?c budn bdn ngua khdng phdi Id hoat dOng md ngudi Bd Ddo Nha tim kiem d phuong Ddng tim dudng sang An Dp vd ngya cilng khdng phdi la mgt hdng md ngudi chau Au khat khao Nhung hodn canh ddc bi^t d An Dg vdi nhu cau ngua chien tdng cao da thu hut ngudi Bd Ddo Nha vd hp da ndm dugc hogt dpng thuong mgi mang lai nhieu lgi ich to ldn Vdo cudi thl ky XVI, dpc quyen budn bdn cua ngudi Bd Ddo Nha bi phd vd bdi Tdy Ban Nha va sau dd Id Hd Lan, Anh va Phdp, hogt d^ng budn bdn ngua cilng theo dd ma suy giam nghidm trpng Mat khdc, Vijayanagara vdi tu each la nhd nhdp khdu ldn nhdt cua hp, dd hodn toan bi suy syp sau trdn chien vdi cac Hdi qudc Deccan nam 1565 Den cac nudc thyc ddn khac dieu khiSn thuang mai An DO Duong, budn bdn ngua dd khdng bao gid cdn la hogt dpng quan trpng nhu trudc nOa Ket luan 29 Nguyen Duy Chinh Hogt dgng budn bdn ngua Trong he thdng thuong mgi dpc quyen cua ngudi Bd Dao Nha d An Dp Duong, budn ban ngya chien da la mot nhung hoat ddng mang lgi nhieu lpi ich kinh te nhdt ca vl kinh te vd chinh tri cho hp, chi sau budn ban hd tieu Nd xuat phat tCr tinh hinh ddc biet ciia tieu luc dia An Dp vdi cupc xung dot khdc liet giGa cac the lyc Hindu giao vd Hdi giao Mat khdc, khdng cd nhu cdu ve mat hdng cilng nhu thieu kha ndng xdm nhdp vdo ddt lien, ngudi Bd Ddo Nha da chi gidi han pham vi cua hogt dpng dd d khu vyc An Dp Duong, chu yeu tren vinh A rgp ma khdng md r^ng sang cac khu vyc khac Hg da biln nd thdnh mpt ngudn lgi kinh tl, ddng thdi Id mpt cdng cy chinh tri - ngogi giao hieu qua quan he vdi cac vuong quoc hen tilu lyc dia Mac dii ngudi Bd Ddo Nha dd khdng bao gid quylt djnh so phgn cua nhGng xung dot chinh frj d An Dp song hp da phdn ndo can thiep vdo cupc xung dpt ndy ma myc dich chu ylu la thu ve cho minh nhGng lgi ich ldn nhdt Xet hen phuang di?n dd, Bd Ddo Nha dd dgt dugc muc dich cua minh 30 Tdi lifu tham khao Rechaid M Eaton (2005), A social history of the Deccan, 1330 -1761: eight Indian lives, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Vasundhara Filliozat (1977), Vijayanagar as seen by Domingos Peas and Fernao Nuniz (16 Century Portuguese Chroniclers) and Others, National Book Trust, New Delhi K.S Mathew (1996), Indian Ocean and Cultural Interaction (A.D 1400-1800), Pondicheny University, Pondicherry M.N Pearson (2006), The Portuguese in India, 2"'' ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Tome Pires (1944), Suma Oriental, vol.I, London Burton Stein (1999), Vijayanagara, 2"^ ed., Cambridge University Press, London Jeyaseela Stephen (2001), The Nayaks of Tamil Country and Portuguese Trade in WarAnimals, in Pius Malekandathil & Jamal Mohammed (edits), The Portuguese, Indian Ocean and European Bridgeheads 1500-1800, Funda^ao Oriente ... Takolita ndm 1565 Mdi nha nudc dd cung cap nhtmg td gidi ldn cho ngudi Bd Ddo Nha dk ddi idy vi?c Bd Ddo Nha tiJr ehdi ban ngya cho ke thil ciia hp Do vay ngudi Bo Ddo Nha cd khd ndng liy dupc... khoing 70 ngya chiin'' Ngudi Bo Dio Nha dupc cho li di bin ngya sdm nhat vao ngiy 1I/10/I5I2 din Nayak cua khu vyc Kanyakumari'' Khi Albuquerque chiim Goa, ngudi Bd Dio Nha da nd lyc thuc diy cho ho^it... tiieu dinh Bi Mpt ngya tot cd gii 500 cnizado Dio Nha, vifc dua ngya tdi Goa von (don vj tiin tf Bd Dio Nha stt dyng ttong quan df i Bd Dio Nha nim gitt se mang lpi thi ky XVI - XVIII, tiiudng