Thực trạng và giải pháp nhằm ổn định đời sống của đồng bào Mông di cư tự do vào Tây Nguyên.pdf

THl/C TRANG VA GlAl PHAP: NHAM ON DINH i \ SONG CUA DONG BAO MONG Dl Cil T^ DO VAO TAY NGUYEN NSUYIN MANH QUANG H igh tt^ng di cu ttl dp vio dU bin cic tinh Tiy NguySn efla dfing bio eie din tflc hfln 30 nim qua d i Um gia ting nhanh chdng din sfi v i thinh phin din tflc cfla cic tinh trSn d|a bin Vl UU didm, vigc dfing bie cic din tflc di cuvip d{a bin Tiy NguySn nPi cfl dU bin rflng, ddt dai miu mfl di tJn dung dupc tidm ning vd dit dai, ngudn nhin Ifle ehp sg phit tridn kinh td - xa hfii cic tinh trSn dU bin vi giflp chp cic din tfic cung sinh sfing trSn dia bin hieu bidt, gin bfl, doin kdt, hpe Up kinh nghigm giup dd vige phit tridn sin xuit xda dfli, giim nghep Tuy nhidn, vigc di cU ttl dp fi at cfla dfing bie Mfing fl cie tinh phia Bie vip Tiy Nguygn da tap khflng It nhiing khd khin ehp cic tinh trSn dU bin Theo thfing kS efla cac cd quan chttc ning, dfing bio Mflng di cfl ttl ddn dU bin Tiy NguySn thufic 36 huygn eua 13 tinh miln nfli phU Bie, dfing nhat U eae huygn: Xin Min, Mep Vac, Vi Xuyen, Bic Quang, Hping Su Phi, Ofing Vin (tinh Hi Giang); NguySn Blnh, Bip Lac Thach An (tinh Cap Bing); Chfl Ddn, Na Rl, Ba Bd (tinh Bie Can); Bie Hi, Bip Ygn, Bip Thing, Vin Bin, SaPa (tinh Lip Cai); Mudng Ti, Mfldng Lay, Sin Hfi (Bnh Lai ChSu); Tua Chfla, 34 Tuin GiiP (tinh Dign Bign); Muflng La, Phfl Ydn (tinh Sfln La); Na Hang, Ygn Sfln, Chigm Hfla, Him Yin (tinh TuySn Quang); Bic Sfln (tinh Lang Son); Vin Chin, Tram Tiu (tinh YSn Bii); Mfldng Lit, Quan Hfla (tinh Thanh Hfla), Ky Sfln (tinh Nghg An) Theo bid eid cua ba tinh Gia Lai, Dik Lik, Die NSng tinh ddn thing 6-2013, sfi ligu ngutli Mfing cu trfl d cie dU phfldng niy nhfl sau: Qua trinh di cU cfla ngflfli Mflng vie Tiy NguySn ed thd ChU Um gUi ddan cg thd nhfl sau: Tinh Oik Nflng ep 4.284 hfi/24.718 khiu Giai doan tfl nim 1986 ddn nim 1992: l i giai doan bit diu diln hign tupng ngudi MOng di efl tfl vio cic tinh trdn dia bin Tiy Nguyen, qui trlnh niy diln nhfl Ifl khping ngin ngudi chu ydu vap dia bin Dik Lik Tinh Gia Lai efl 372 hg/ 1.896 khiu TTnh Dik Lik 4.962 hfl/ 28.405 khiu Ofing bip Mfing d cie tinh phU Bic di efl tfl dd vip cic tinh Tiy Nguygn cd nhidu nggySn nhJn, nhflng ehfl ydu nguygn nhin cd bin sau: - Trflde hdt l i nguydn nhin kinh td v i dfli sfing Hiu hdt nhttng noi fl cu cfla dfing bio Mfing d cie tinh phU Bie li nhttng ndi di't canh tic dfi ddc Giai dPan ttt nim 1992 ddn cao, bae miu, dign tfch ngiy nim 2002: l i glai dpan ngufli cang thu hgp vl t^ Ig ting din MOng d cic tinh phia Bic di cu sd ngiy eang cap, thdi Udt khic tg dd fi at vip dia ban tinh vi nghigt ndn ddi sd'ng, sin xuit dinh didm li nim 1998 DS'n cufii cfla ddng die Mflng gjp rit nim 2001, cfi khping hon nhidu khfl khin DJy U nguygn nghin hfi vfli khoing gin 24 nhJn ehlnh khidn ngflfli Mfing nghin nhin khiu di cu ttl dd ddn di efl d at vip Tiy Nguygn ndi ei dU bin tinh Tiy Nguygn efl dit dai rflng, miu mfl, dia Giai doan ttt nim 2002 hlnh tUdng dfii dfi'i bing phing, ddn nay, ngflfli Mflng di cfl tfl thuin Ifli ehp phit tridn kinh td vio cae tinh vdl sfi Iflflng Ifln, - Nguydn nhin thfl hai liSn chfl ydu di cu vio dia bin ba quan ddn tdn giip Dp sfl kich tinh Gia Lai, Oik Lik, Die dflng, tuygn truyin cfla mfit sd Ndng phin ttt xiu Chflng tuySn IAP CHl MAT TRAN - So 143 (9-2015) traydn ring: "Vip Tiy Nguydn cflng tic vjn dfing efla Mat trJn dfing bip Mfing se ed eufie vi cic td ehfle doan thd, cic sfing giiu ed v i dupe tti dp sinh dia phflong cfl ddng bin Mfing hpat dap Tin Linh "; nhit l i di Cfl ddn da nfi lflc thgc hign sau cie tinh midn nfli phU cfing tie sip xdp nhim dam Bic thfle hign eflng tic ngin bip fin dinh ddi sdng cua bi ehJn sfl phit tridn efla "Tin cph.Hg thfing chinh tri cfla eie Linh Ving Chfl", din ddn ngflfli dia phfldng ndi ed dfing bip Mfing thee dap Tin Linh dflfli sfl Mdng dl cfl ddn dU bin da tridn din dit eua mgc su Tin linh da khai thflc hign quydt ligt cfing di chuydn vip Tiy Nguygn VI tie fin dinh din efl v i da ed vjy, dji da sfi ngufli MOng di cu bin sip xdp fin dinh tjp trang ddn cie tinh Tiy Nguygn ehfl fl 97 thdn, cgm dJn efl thufic 40 xa, phuflng cfla 25 huygn, thi ydu U tin dfi dad Tin Linh vfli hing ngin hfl din vip vung Vigc dfing bid MOng dicutg quy hpach, dd xiy dgng cic dp fi at yJp dia bin eie tinh, da cfing trtnh ting nhim phge giy nSn khflng It khfl khin, vg sin xuit vi sinh hpat chp phflc tap ehp cic dia phflflng ddng bib Cg thd l i : trpng vigc fin dinh cufic sfi'ng, gitt gin an ninh, trJt tfl tai cic -TlnhGU Lai: Nim 2013 di dia phudng Ddng bip Mfing di sip xdp fin dinh dfli sfing ehp cu tfl dd vJd dia bin TJy 378 hO/1.961 nhin khiu d Nguydn, da sfi sinh sfing tai cie huygn, thi cfl ngufli Mdng di cu khu vgc thufic dit Um nghigp vio dia bin vi d i dupe cho v i dit cfla cic dpanh nghigp ding k} hfi khiu thflflng tru cho nSn thudng xiy nhttng mJu khoing 40% cho cic hfi trgn thuin vd tranh chip dit dai dia bin gitta ngudi din vdi iim, ndng - Tinh Dik Lik: da sip xdp trudng fin dinh ddi sfing chp 3.753 Dd tan budc chuyin quan hfi/21.142 nhin khiu 34 x i trpng trpng vigc ning cap ddi thufic huygn ed ddng bin sfing mpi mjt chp ngudi dJn, MOng sinh sfing; d i edp ding gin fin dinh dJn cu vfli vigc bid ky hfl khiu thuflng trii ehp dim an ninh qufic phflng, cie khping hfln 44% cie hp (cfln tinh di vjn dgng linh hdjt cic khping 56% sd hfl ehua ding chfl traflng ehlnh sieh cfla Ding k^ hfl khiu thuflng trfl) dinh dfli sfl'ng chd 16 cgm ngudi Mfing di eu til Nghg An, Thanh Hfla vip sinh sfing (ehua hinh thinh hS thdng chinh quydn thfin bin; 58% chua ding ky hfl khdu thudng tru) nham dim bip fin dinh dfli sdng Cung vfli vigc sip xdp fin dinh din cU cho cae hfl dfing bio Mflng dl cu tg ddn d|a bin, cie tinh da ehu trpng vigc tridn khai thuc hign diu tU phit trien kinh td - xa hfli vflng lifing bip Mfing sinh sfing thflng qua eie ehUPng trinh, dg i n efla Nhi nude nhu dinh canh dinh cu, cip di't sin xuit, dit d, nuflc sinh hpat, hfl trfl xiy dflng nhi d, diu tfl iim trfldng hpe, duflng giap thflng; chlnh sieh hd trd kinh phi chp hpc sinh, cip sach giip khpa, tbi bip hiem y td nSn Unh hlnh dfli sfing, kinh td xa hfli vflng dfing bip din tfic Mflng da cd nhttng bflflc ehuyin bidn v l nhilu mJL Ddi sfing kinh td xa hfli cua ddng bie din tflc MOng di tflng bflflc flflfle eii thign Da so ba an tJm vdi ndi fl mfli, mong mufin sfing dn dinh, khflng di canh, di efl sang nhttng nfli khic ntta Cung vfli vigc quan tim diu tfl sip xdp fin dinh din cu va phit tridn kinh td - xa hfii nhim ning cap ddi sfing vjt ehit, Unh thin chp v i Nhi nufle vip thflc tiln d|a - Tinh Dik Nflng: dim bip fin ddng bio Mflng, cflng tic dim phflflng, thflc diy phit tridn dinh ddi sfing eho 3.833 bio cfing tic an ninh, trJt tfl kinh td - xa hfil fl vflng dfing hfi/22.365 nhin khiu dong bio trSn dU bin, phflng ngfla cie bip Mfing, tich ege vjn dflng Mfing sinh sfing fl 50 thon cua ydu tfi bit dn, khfl lfldng vd Unh dfing bip fin dinh ddi sfing, 18 x i thufic 6/8 huygn, thi hlnh chinh tri v i trJt tfl tri an khflng tidp tgc di ddi dl ndi Huygn Oik Giong vi Tuy Ofle, ndi vflng ddng bao Mfing da khic Oflfli sfl ianh dad cDa cip chidm ddn 92% din sfi ngufli dflflc cie eip fly, chlnh quyln, gy, ehl dae ci^a chlnh qgydn vi Mfing toin tinh d i td ehfle fin Mjt trJn eae cip cic dU tAP CHl MAT IRAN - So 143 (9-2015) 35 phupng ed ngfldi Mdng sinh sdng, nhit U iflc luflng cflng an quan tJm tfl phit hien ngfldi Mflng di cu den cie dia bin Cic tinh da cd bin da thfing kS dUfle sfi hfi, sfi khiu ngufli Mflng sinh sdng trSn dU bin ttt thfin ddn xi, huySn, tinh Tinh hlnh an ninh ehinh tri, trJt tg tri an trSn dU bin vttng dfing bin MOng tiong dfii fin dinh, dfing bid chip hinh tdt cic ehfl trudng, ehlnh sieh, phip lujt cfla Oing, Nha nude, tfch cgc tham gia cic phpng trip phit tridn kinh td - xi hfli cfla dia phuflng nol cu trfl Ofing thfli, dflflc sfl quan tim chi dae efla cip fly, chinh quydn cie cip, cdng tie xiy dflng Ding trpng vttng dfing bap din tflc MOng dflflc quan tim, ehu trpng Hg thfing ehinh tri cP sd vung ddng bio Mdng da dflflc tflng buflc dUfle xiy dflng, cflng cd, kign tein Cdng tic did tap, tuydn dung cin bp ngudi Mflng dUflc xem xet ttu tign, sip xdp bd trf phu hflp Tuy nhign, bgn canh nhttng kdt q i i di dat dUfle vigc dn dinh din cu, cJc dia phuong cung gjp khOng It nhttng khfl khin vi ehua co gUi phip thip gd, vl ndu Um tfit cfing tie fin dinh, sip xdp din eu thi cic hfl MOng khic d cic tinh phia Bic Ul Udp ttic di eu ddn dja phusng nhilu dU phUdng khflng sip xdp dil;K; cic khu din ctt vl dfing bip sfing trSn dit cfla cac nfing, Um tradng Dfing thdi, dd dfing bip khdng cfi ddt 6, dit sin xuit hflp phip ngn rit khfl khin cho cflng tie ding ky hfi khiu thudng trtt, ngn t} Ig sfi hfi dupe ding ky 36 hfl khiu thuflng trfl vJn efln thdp High nay, ddi sfing efla dfing bid dJn tflc Mflng ddn cie dia phfldng trgn dia ban Tay Nguyen vin cfln rit nhidu khfl khan; ty IS hfi nghep va cjn ngliep chidm ty Ig cap trSn 30%,ty lg nhi tjm, nhi dot nin cfln cap Sfi hp din khfing dux sfl dgng dign, nufle sach efln nhidu Cu thd qua khap sat d thfin x i Oik R'ming, huygn Oik Glong, dfing bio Mfing di eutti ddn diy da gin nim nay, nhung thfin vin chua cfl dign vi thidu nufle sinh hogt Tinh trang tip hfin v i sinh cpn thfl trfl lgn l i phfi bid'n Cg thd nhfl: fl thfin x i Cfl Krfla, huygn Mdrik, tinh Oik Lik cp gia fllnh chfing 39 tufii vi vfl mfli 36 ttidi di sinh 10 ngufli cen, sfi dfl cfl cpn gai Ifln da cfl chfing vi da sinh cdn Oang chu y U Unh trang mu chtt dfing bio MOng tai cic tinh Nguygn nhin xiy Unh trang mfl chfl cfla ddng bio Mfing di efl vio cic tinh Tiy NguySn vl qui trtnh di efl cic hg gia dinh di efl trtt khflng cfi d|nh d nhidu dU bin khie thuflc cic tinh Tiy Nguygn v i chu ydu cie khu vflc biSn gifli, vung siu, vttng xa nSn sfi nign, phg ntt mfl chtt chidm ty Ig cap Qua khio sit tai thfin xi Dik R'ming, dai da sfi phu ntt Mfing khfing bidt Udng phfi thfing, dfl efl truflng thfln cttng mfl chtt Sfi hpe sinh bd hpc nhieu, eing Un cic bJc hpc cap thi sfi hpc sinh cing giim.Tlnh ttang phi rimg Um niBng riy, vi pham cie qui d|nh vd quan ly, bid vg rttng diln phfi bidn Hign tuflng sfl dgng vu tril phep cic vttng efl dfing bio Mfing di ctt trgn dia bin tmng dfii phflc tap Thep bio cip eiia Cfing an tinh Dik Lik, tinh hinh Iflg hinh, cit gitt tril phep vD v i vjt ligu nfi vttng dfing bio Mflng idn Trang thing diu nim 2013, lgc iKjng cfing an da thu gitt gin 100 khiu sung cic loai (huygn Krdng Bfing da thu 26 khiu sflng kip, khiu sflng AR15, huygn Lik thu gitt 40 khiu sflng tfl chd ) Tinh trang tranh chip ddt dai, miu thuin khidu kign xiy phd bidn tai cic dia bin cd ngflfli Mdng sinh sfing Phfi bidn nhit li giiia ngufli Mfing vfli ngudi Kinh vi cie din tflc thidu sfi tai chfi, gitta ngufli Mfing vdi ehlnh quyln vi cie ndng, Um truflng, nhilu vy vige khidu kign tfin dpng tfl nhilu nim chua dUflc giii quydt dflt didm Ttt nim 2010 ddn tinh Oik Lik da phit hign 27 vu tranh chip dit dai, xung dflt miu thuin (KrOng BOng vg, CU M'Gar 12 vg, Ea Kar vg, KrOng Pic vg, M'Drik vg) Dji bO phjn nggfli MOng trln dia bin cie tinh diu thed dac Tin Linh, mflt sd It then ThiSn chua giip hpJc khdng thep dad Ngutli Mfing thep dap Tin Linh thufic hg phii: Tin Linh Vigt Nam (midn Nam), LiSn httu CP ddc, BaptIs, Cd ddc Phuc Lim, Tnlflng lid vi LiSn dpin traydn giio Phflc im Phin ifln dU didm sinh heat dap cua eie didm nhflm li nhi riSng cua eie tin dfi Tai Dik Lik, tinh ddn cudi thing 6-2013 cfi 80 dilm nhflm sinh heat dao ctta ngudl Mflng, trpng dfl mdi ci 14 didm nhflm dupe ding k} cfing nhjn heat dfing Tji Dik Nfing efl 20.464 ngflfli Mfing li TAP CHl MAI TRAN - So 143 (9-2015) tin flfi dao Tin LJnh, sinh boat 66 didm nhflm, ehi hfli, trpng dd 56 didm nhflm da dflfle ding kj sinh boat Tuy nhiSn hoat dfing tfin giio dfing bio Mfing thdi gian qua efl nhilu phflc tap Tinh trang phit triln dan trii phip lujt trpng dfing bin Mfing diln phfi bidn, nfii Un U cac heat dfingttiySntruydn phit tridn dan, tranh gUnh Ifii kep tin dd gitta cie hg phii, hpat dfing tg tjp, nhflm hpp dap trii phip lujt; xiy dflng, cdi ndi cd sfl thfl ttl trii phdp Nhjn thfle cfla ddng bip cdn ban ehd, chi bidt thep dad nhflng khfing am hidu giip 1^, ngufli traydn dap ban ehd kidn thttc vl dae Nhim dim bin phit trien fin dinh, bin vttng dfli sdng cua dfing bio Mfing di cuvio dia ban TJy Nguydn,tang cuflng khfii dai doin kdt cic din tfie tren dia ban, ehflng tfli xin dd xuit mfit sfi giai phap eg thd sau: 1.Chinh phfl Udp tge xiy dflng chlnh sich hfi trfl diu tfl cic dfl i n nhim sip xdp, bfi tri dn dinh din cfl tai nhttng dia ban cfl ngfldi Mflng di cfl sinh sfing trSn dia bin Tiy Nguygn Bfi trf ngufin vfin kip thfli d l thflc hign xJy dflng cic dfl in fin dinh din cfl mfit each ddng bfi, higu qui nham fin dinh dfli sfl'ng chd bi cpn, nhit l i fl cic dia bin biSn gidi, vflng siu, vflng xa Sfi cin bfl ngudi Mfing tham gia hg thfing chlnh quyln, Mjt Hign nay, da dfing bin trJn vi tfi ehfle dpin the eie ci'p cdn it, nhit l i tai cip Mfing di cfl tfl dp vip dia bin huygn, tinh Tinh trang thidu eie tinh Tiy Nguydn d i dflflc cin bfi ngudi Mfing tai eip ed chlnh quydn cic edp tgo didu sd tflflng ddi phd bidn, nhit l i kign dn dinh cufic sfi'ng theo cin bfl cfl ning Iflc & nhidu tflng thfin, xdm vi dim bio dfl thOn, bufin ehua efl ehi bfl ding, dit d vi di't sin xuit Tuy nhidu ndi edn tring ding vign nhign, trSn thflc td dit d, dit Cu thd nhu tai huygn Krpng sin xuit efla dfing bio vin l i BOng (Oik Lik) cfl 3/13 thfln dit lim nghigp eua eae iim, ngudi IVIflng sinh sfing chfla cd nflng trflflng vl thd hp khflng chi bfi ding Huygn Ea Sup dflflc cip quydn sfl dpng ddt d (Dik Lik) ed 2/6 thfin ngudi va di't sin xuit fin dinh thep qui Mdng chua ed ehi bfl ding.Vige dinh cfla phip lugt, nSn din phit triln ding vidn l i ngflfli ddn nhttng tranh chip, khieu Mflng fl eie tinh Tiy Nguygn kign phfi bien gitta ngfldi din hdt sflc khfl khin v i mit nhidu vdi chlnh quyln, vdi cie nflng, kinh phi dp cdng tic xie minh ISm trflflng v i dpanh nghigp D l IJ lich, thin nhin ri't phflc tap giil quydt dflt didm Unh trang vl ding ky hfi khiu fl dia nSu trSn, cin phil dim bio phudng hp d i di cfl qua nhidu quyln sfl dgng dit d, dit sin tinh khic trpng mfit thdi xgit Uu dii cho dfing bio Do gian dii, hfln ntta trtnh dfl vjy, dd nghi Chlnh phfl ehi dae, hpc vin thip nSn rit khd khin hudng din cie dia phddng eip eho viSc kdt nap Ding quydn stt dgng dit dfii vdi dit fl TAP CHI MAT TRAN - So 143 (9-2015) v i dat sin xuit Uu dii chp dfing bip Mfing da sinh sfing fin dinh ttt nim trfl ISn nhim giii quydt nhttng tdn dpng kep dai giy m i l trJt tfl an ninh cie dia phudng VI eflng tie xiy dflng Oing v i hg thfing chlnh trf fl cfl sfl vflng dfing bie Mflng di cfl, eie eip fly Oing cin ehfl trgng cfing tie xiy dflng, dio Ud boi dfldng dfii ngu cin bfl ngudi MOng d cfl sfl dfl trinh dfl, ning Iflc tham gU true Udp vigc tfi chttc vi quin ly din cfl, phit triln kinh td - )Q hfli d cic dU bin cfl dfing bic MOng cfl trfl Cfi ehlnh sieh luin ehuydn cin bfi Mfing ttt cic tinh phU Bic vip dd nhim kign tpin cfing tic xiy dflng Oing v i hg thfing ehinh tri ed sd vflng dfing bid Mdng Cip fly, chlnh quydn, Mjt trJn va eae tfi ehfle dein thd fl cic dia phflflng cd ngudi MOng di efl ddn Udp tpc chim Ip tot hdn ntta ddi sfing vit chit, Unh thin dd ddng bio cd cufic sfing dn dinh v i phit triln liu dii; td chttc kidm tra, ngin chJn, xfl \j trigt d l hign tflflng phi rflng dd lim nfldng riy Ting cflflng cflng tic quin ly hfl tieh, hfi khiu; nim bit vi xfl ly kip thdi nhttng diln bidn phflc tap niy sinh trpng vflng dfing bap MOng, kiSn quydt khOng dd tfin tai eac heat dfing tfin giip tfl phit, nim ngpii sfl quin IJ cfla Nhi nude Ting cudng cflng tic bfii flflSng, kdt nap ding viSn vi phit huy vai trfl ngufli cfl uy tin trang dfing bin Mflng.G 37 ... trang vl ding ky hfi khiu fl dia nSu trSn, cin phil dim bio phudng hp d i di cfl qua nhidu quyln sfl dgng dit d, dit sin tinh khic trpng mfit thdi xgit Uu dii cho dfing bio Do gian dii, hfln... Iflc & nhidu tflng thfin, xdm vi dim bio dfl thOn, bufin ehua efl ehi bfl ding, dit d vi di'' t sin xuit Tuy nhidu ndi edn tring ding vign nhign, trSn thflc td dit d, dit Cu thd nhu tai huygn Krpng... khin hudng din cie dia phddng eip eho viSc kdt nap Ding quydn stt dgng dit dfii vdi dit fl TAP CHI MAT TRAN - So 143 (9-2015) v i dat sin xuit Uu dii chp dfing bip Mfing da sinh sfing fin dinh ttt