VAN HOA-LICH sir NO LI/C DUY TRI TIENG VIET CUA CAC GIA DINH NGUOI VIET NAM TAI NHAT DAN miHIHIMfBlKH- Tdm tit: Trong nhiing ndm gdn ddy, sd ngudi Viet Nam dinh cu tgi Nhgt Bdn dd khdng ngitng tdng lin Cimg vdi nhiiu cgng ddng nguai nudc ngodi sdng tgi Nhdt Bdn, cdng ddng ngudi Viit Nam dang gdp phdn tgo nin mdt xd hdi Nhdt Bdn that da dgng ve ngdn ngU vd vdn hda Trang dd, ndi bdt len Id no luc tri tieng Vift cita cdc gia dinh ngudi Viet Nam song tgi Nhdt Bdn, trang vdn phdi thich ling vdi nhiing quy phgm ddy quy cdch ciia xd hoi Nhdt Bdn Bdi viit phdn tich nhiing nd iuc tri tieng Viet cda cdc gta dinh ngudi Viet Nam tgi Nhgt Bdn vdl mong mudn gdp phdn vdo viic thiic ddy han niia cdng tdc nghien ciru vi cgng ddng ngudi Viit Nam tgi nudc ngodi, ciing nhu truyin tdi nhitng thdng diep vi nhiing cd gang hudng tdi coi ngudn cita ngudi Viet trin khdp ndm chdu Tir khda: Tidng Viet, Tidng Nhgt, Ngudi Viet Nam tai Nhat Ban, Gido due, Ngdn ngtt Khai qudt qua trinh dinh cir ciia ngu'di Viet Nam va tinh hinh giao due ngdn ngir vdi tre em ngirdi nu'dc ngoai tgi Nhat Ban Sau nghidn ctiu eiia Trdn Trpng Ddng Dan (1997)', thd gidi dd cd nhimg hinh dung nhit djnh vd chu y ban vd cudc sdng eua cdng ddng ngudi Viet tgi nudc ngoai Nhu chiing ta ddu bidt, nua cudi ndm 1975 ddnh ddu sy di cu hdng loat eua ngudi Viet Nam tdi cdc nudc ldng gidng nhu Indonesia, Thai Lan, Hdng Kdng, vd Nhdt Bdn Thdng nam 1975, ngudi Viet Nam dupe ctiu trp bdi mdt tdu Hdi qudn My tai vung bidn Nhdt Bdn, day la ept mdc ddu tidn cua nhirng ngudi tj nan Viet Nam ddu tidn tgi Nhdt Bdn Tuy nhidn, d thdi didm dd, Chinh phu Nhgt Ban ' Nghien cim sihh tai D?ii hye Utsunomiya, Nh§t Bin ' Trln Tryng Ding Diii (1997), Nguiri mi Nam a nudc ngodi, Nxb Chinh hi quoc gia 60 chua cd tidn Id vd vide tidp nhan ngudi tj nan, ndn chi cho phdp luu trii tgm thdi tgi Nhdt Bdn eho ddn ed gidy phep nhdp canh ciia dit nude md hp dang hudng tdi Cdn ddi vdi nhttng ngudi tj ngn Vidt Nam d thdi didm nay, Nhgt Ban cung khdng phdi Id noi hp mong mudn dinh cu lau ddi, noi hp dang tim ddn la My, Chdu Au vd Australia Trong ba ndm tu 1975 ddn 1978, sd ngudi tj ngn tgi Nhdt Bdn la 1.919 ngudi vd cd 41 ttd em dupc sinh tgi Nhdt Bdn; sau dd da ed 1.357 (70%) ngudi di ehuydn sang cdc nudc My, Australia, Canada^ Tuy nhidn, tdi nam 1979, tinh ttang ngudi nhgp cu tgi My, Australia, Canada qua tdi, chinh phii cac nudc da lenh xidt chdt vide cho phep nhiing ngudi nudc ngodi, dd cd ngudi tj ngn tir Ddng Nam A nhgp cdnh Didu • JllJiWa (2001), tr 46 NGHIEN Cdu DdNG BflC sd 1(167) 1-2015 Nghien citu khoa hoc da ddy nhttng ngudi ti ngn Viet Nam tai Nhgt Ban vdo hodn cdnh dpi chd ttong nhidu ndm lidn tyc tai Nhgt Bdn Tdm Iy bit an khdng bidt ndo mdi ed thd xudt cdnh sang vung dat udc mo, cimg vdi thdi gian d cdc trung tdm tj nan cua Nhat Ban qua ldu, khidn nhidu ngudi Viet Nam da quydt djnh xin cu tni ldu ddi tai Nhgt Bdn Tinh tdi ndm 1985, sd ngudi Viet Nam xin eu tru tai Nhdt Bdn Id 10,000 ngudi^ Nhung cd eo hpi, nhttng ngudi ndy Igi tidp tyc rdi Nhgt Bdn dd tdi My hay Chau Au Tdi ndm 2005, cung vdi sy hpi nhgp vd phdt ttien cua cdc nudc Ddng Duong ttong dd cd Vidt Nam, Chinh phu Nhgt Ban dd quydt dinh kdt thuc chuang trinh tidp nhdn tj nan tir ba nudc Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia'* Tinh d thdi didm nay, sd ngudi Viet Nam ti nan tgi Nhgt Ban Id 8.656^ ngudi Sau dd, Chinh phu Nhdt Ban vin tidp tyc hd ttp cac gia dinh tj ngn dodn ty theo didn nhdp eu hpp phdp ODP (Orderly Departure Program), cimg vdi vipc tang cudng hpp tac mgnh md vd nhidu mdt giua chinh phu Viet Nam va Nhdt Bdn vd kinh td, giao luu vdn hda, va ddc bift la hpp tac gido dye, sd lupng ngudi Viet Nam tai Nhgt Ban da khdng ngumg tdng ldn Vd tdi thdi didm thdng nam 2014, sd lupng ngudi Viet Nam dd cd gidy phep djnh cu tgi Nhdt Bdn Id 28.890 ngudi tdng sd 72.238 ngudi Viet Nam dang hpc tap, ldm vide vd cdng tdc tgi Nhdt Bdn Con sd ndy chi dling sau sd ngudi Trung Qude, Braxin, Tridu Tidn va Philippines.' Vide chpn Nhdt Bdn la qud huong thii hai va quydt djnh sinh sdng ldu ddi tgi ddy vdi nhidu ngudi Viet Nam khdng phai Id mdt quydt dinh dd ddng vi Nhdt Bdn vdn Id mpt xd hdi cd nhidu quy phgm ngdt nghdo, mpt xd hdi dd phdt ttidn d miic cao ca vd dtri sdng vdt chdt va ddi sdng tinh thdn Quydt djnh sdng lau ddi d Nhdt Ban cung cd nghia rdng, nhirng ngudi djnh cu vira phai nd lye hda nhdp vdi mdt ndn vdn hda mdi vira phdi, ttau ddi tidng Nhgt d mdt cip dp eao hon Tuy nhidn, ngudi tj ngn Vipt Nam tgi Nhdt Bdn, eung vdi lan sdng djnh cu cua ngudi My La tinh (Braxin, Peru, Mexico) vao dau nhttng nam 1990, vd ldn sdng quay ttd vd mau qudc eua nhttng ngudi Nhdt Bdn tgi Trung Qudc, CHDCND Tridu Tidn cudi nhttng nam 1990, them ntta Id siie hut ndn kinh td bong bdng cua Nhdt Bdn thdi gian ndy thu hut ngudi Iao dpng cac nudc dang phdt ttidn tdi Nhdt Bdn Idnj vide, da tgo ndn mdt xa hdi Nhdt Bdn vd cimg da dgng vd ngdn ngu va van hda ' ajjjtaaAryraa:awwffl!is***sii ' http://www.e-stat.go.jp (iil;;ffaitwffi.-g-S.n4B#lBAiKIt 2014 *p fl) Truy cap ngiy 30/10/2014 ^ Theo sich tring di^n tir cua nhi xuit Bin Tiling ke BO Khoa hyc vi Giio due Nhat Bin (2014); "Nhiing hoc sinh, nhi dong can duoc dio tao tieng Nhit die biet, li nhfing hye sinh, nhi dong khong the thyc hi^n duyc nhung giao (2012) (2005) S ằ * : -+ằKÊ{trF5Tôt 2005 ¥ 12 H 31 a ^ t o T f t T INHltN Cda DdNG BflC l) sd 1(167) 1-2015 Mdt mat, Chinh phu Nhdt Bdn rit tich eye ttong vide hd trp nhirng ngudi nudc ngodi djnh cu tai Nhdt Bdn tir vide dn djnh ehd d, vide ldm mat khde, ddc bipt ehu ttpng tdi vide gido due tidng Nhdt giup cho ngudi nudc ngodi hpc tidng Nhdt vd thich nghi vdi xa hdi Nhdt Ban Chuang ttinh Xiic tidn giao due tidng Nhat cho hpc sinh, nhi ddng ngudi nudc ngodi cin dupc hd ttp gido dye tidng Nhdt' duoc tidn hdnh thudng xuydn, phd 61 Nghien citu khoa hgc bidn ddn tat cd cac tinh thdnh Nhgt Ban, cdc trudng hpc tir tidu hpc ddn trung hpc co sd Va cii hai nam mdt ldn, Bd Giao dye Nhdt Bdn Igi tien hdnh Idm cudc didu tta cy thd vd sd lupng ttd em ngudi nudc ngodi cdn dupc dgy tidng Nhdt theo chuong trinh xuc tidn ddc bidt ttdn Tbeo thdng ke didu tta thdi didm thang nam 2012, sd Iupng hpc sinh ngudi nudc ngodi cdn dupe giao dye tidng Nhdt Id 72.000 ngudi, ttong dd ttd em cd qudc tich Vidt Nam Id 1.104 ngudi* Ngoai ra, d mdi tinh, phd deu cd cdc trung tdm giao luu qudc te, trung tdm hd ttp da van hda Cdc truomg dai hpc tich cyc day mgnh nghidn eiiu vd gido dye tidng Nhdt ddnh cho tre em nudc ngodi, vd sy giao thoa cua nhidu ngdn ngu va vdn hda ttong xd hdi Nhat Ban Ddc bidt la cdc chuong ttinh kdt ndi hpc sinh ngudi nudc ngodi vdi gido dye Nhdt Ban, ma tidu bidu nhu chuong ttinh hd ttp cho cdc em thi ehuydn cip tu trung hpc co sd ldn tnmg hpc phd thdng vdn la mdt k^ thi quan ttpng ttong he thing gido due eua Nhdt Ban, dupe trudng Dgi hpc Utsunomiya thyc hidn thudng nidn Chuang trinh ndy ndm ttong dy dn Hands Project', Bp Giao due Nhgt Bdn tin tudng giao cho Dai hoc Utsunomiya thyc hidn Myc dich cua nhirng budi hudng din la truydn tdi thdng tin vd k^ thi, didu kidn dy thi cac trudng trung hpc phd thdng tdi ede bdc phy huynh Id ngudi nude ngoai ed em dang d nhttng ndm cudi ctia chuang ttinh tnmg hpc ca sd, ehuin bj tbi ldn trung hpc phd thdng Dae bidt chuong ttinh dupc hudng ddn bang ca tidng Nhdt vd cac ngdn ngtt nhu tidngTrung Qudc, tidng Bd Dao Nha, tidng Philippines, tidng Anh vd tidng Viet da ehinh thuc dupc thyc hidn tir ndm 2014 Tinh hinh sic dung ngSn ngir ciia ngirdi Viet Nam dinh cir tai Nhdt Ban qua nghien ciru ciia cac hgc gia Nhat Ban Nhu chiing ta da bidt, tidng Nhat vdn Id mdt ngdn ngu phiie tgp cd vd he chu vd ngtt phdp Tidng Nhdt ttong van ban chinh quy vd giao tidp thdng thudng sil dyng cd ba loai chtt Id chtt Hiragana, Katakana va chu Kanji tilp eo ban nhil bang tilng Nhat, hoic la c6 thi giao tilp (cha Han) Tuy rdng, chtt Kanji sit dyng chtt thing thudng bing tilng Nhit nhung khdng c6 trinh dp Han cd ngudn gdc tir chu Hdn tidng tilng Nh§t tuong duong voi so mii, s6 nim hoc duoc va Trung Qudc, cd nghia tuong ddng vdi dm cho Ii c6 inh huong den kha ning tilp thu kiln thiie cic hoyt dgng hye tip o nhi trudng" Hoc sinh, nhi ding Han Viet cua tidng Viet hidn nay, nhung ngtt cln duoc dio tao tilng Nhit die bi^t khdng chi cd nhttng phdp cua tidng Nhdt hoan todn ngupc lgi vdi ngudi cd qudc tich nuoc ngoai, ma ca nhQng hoc sinh, nhi ding cd quSc tich Nhat Bin vi ly gia dinh khdng sinh cdu true cau cua tidng Viet Ngodi ra, ddi vdi hoat n-ong mdi trudng tilng Nhat, dan din ning luc tieng nhidu ngudi Vidt, chu Han vdn la bai todn Nhjt han ehl" "B*ffiSđ*'Ê.Si5:!Sô4ttj t l i , ldn nhit vide hpc vd nang cae tidng Nhdt Nhtmg van dd thyc sy ldn ban, dd r B ffiSiS*'-c-#r t ¥ipffiaro:T^gB!S*':i^E L, chinh la vide gido dye ngdn ngtt cho tre em !£!-5aS«41tj Sffit * S rB*iS}|«4t£-S sdng cdc gia dinh thudn Viet d Nhat 4B*BHro!H«ft1Sj iclt (fBffiatffitnSAN Ban vd anh hudng eua vide giao due ndy tdi *A*t«illlxiiffia«ro-A*'Wil»lT;fc5»a) aSA^b B*BKM-«»HSSIgl>?Sffii Lrffiffl ' Hands Project (Helping Autism-diagnosed teenagers L T S y B*Sin«6*A>;« ^ : / = - S e f i H l (2002) »MBf5s« *ffi-*B*- H * R * - B * H a » * ( c M f c A « fc»K,