CHI'NH SACH, BIEN PHAP CAI CACH AN SINH XA HOI NAM 2012 LIEN OUAN DEN NGOfI CAO TUOI NHAT BAN* mJN THI NHUNG" Tdm tat: Trudc sif bien ddi sdu sdc vi kinh ti, xa hdi dnh hudng true tiip din vdn di an sinh xa hoi, nam 2012 Nhdt Bdn 3d tiin hdnh cudc cdi cdch todn difn ITnh vuc ndy ddng thai vdi che dg thue nhdm tgo buac dot phg mdi viec gidi quyit nhung vdn di dgt Bdi viit ldm ro nhiing nhdn td tdc dgng ca bdn Mn din cudc cdi cdch ndm 2012 vd nhiing chinh sdch, biin phdp cdi cdch an sinh xa hgi liin quan din ngudi cao tudi Nhgt Bdn Tir khda: Nhdt Ban, Ngudi cao tudi An sinh xd hdi J l ^ u d c sang thd ky XXI, sy thay doi JJ manh me vd tinh hinh kinh td, xd hdi theo hudng kinh td dinh tre, ddn sd gid hda, ty lp sinh gidm, Nh$t Ban dd thuc hidn rdt nhidu cupc cdi cdch dd dinh hinh lai hd thdng an sinh xd hdi (ASXH) dd cudc cdi cdch ndm 2012 ddng vai trd then chdt Dd thyc hidn myc tidu "hd trp lan de tao sy an tdm" vd dd bao vd, cdi thidn chat lupng cupc sdng cfla ngudi cao tudi va tri he thdng ASXH, Nhat Bdn dd thuc thi eae ehinh sach, bidn phdp cdi cdch ASXH lidn quan den ngudi cao tudi Nhirng yiu t6 co ban dan den cai each Dan sd Iao hda nhanh chdng Irong nin kinh tigap nhiiu kho khdn Theo bdo cdo didu tra nam 2010 cua Nhdt Bdn, ti Id ngudi cao tudi Nhdt Bdn (65 tudi trd ldn) chidm 21,3% tdng ddn sd Dy tinh sd ndy se tang ldn 30% vdo nam 2025 vd ' B4i vi^t dirge t i o ^ thinh vtSi str t4i trg cua quy Japan Foundation " TS, Vi^n Nghien ctiu D6ng BSc A NGHIEN Cda D A N C BflC «, SO 3(169) 3-2015 36% vdo ndm 2050 ti Id ddn sd trd (15 tudi trd xudng) Id 13,2%, thdp nhat trdn thd gidi Ti Id phu thudc tang ldn nhanh chdng, tfl 25% vdo nam 2000 du tinh sd tdng ldn 50% vdo ndm 2025 Tudi thp trung binh cfla ngudi Nhat Ban ndm 2010 dflng vdo hdng cao nhdt thd gidi vdi nfl Id 86,39 va nam Id 83,67 tudi Xa hpi Nhat Bdn bi ldo hda qua nhanh cflng vdi ti Id sinh thap (1,29 nam 2003, 1,25 nam 2005 va 1,4 ndm 2011) vd ddng thdi rdt nhidu ngudi cao tudi phdi sdng cd dem khdng cd sy hd trp cfla gia dinh truydn thdng nhu trudc ddy.Ti Id hp ddc thdn chidm 31,2% Trong xu hudng tdng trudng kinh te khdng mdy sdng sfla Vdo ddu ndm 2008, sy phuc hdi kinh td Nhdt Bdn da rai vao tinh trang bd tdc tidu dflng cd nhdn va cac khodn ddu tu vdo cdc nha may vd thidt bi da giam va dd san xudt cung gidm theo Didu xay bdi canh gia ddu thd vd nguyen vat lieu tdng vpt lam cho tridn vpng kinh td thd gidi tidp tyc am dam Them vdo dd, su pha sdn cfla cdc cdng The Yomiuri Shimbun, 14-5-2011 27 Nghien citu khoa hoc_ ty chung khodn ldn cfla My Lehman Brothers (cfl sdc Lehman) vao thdng chin ndm 2008 dd ddn ddn mpt cupc khung hodng tdi chinh nghidm trpng d Chdu Au vd My Sy suy gidm kinh td dot ngpt d My vd cdc nudc khac va sy tang gid cfla ddng yen da dnh hudng sau sac tdi ndn kinh te Nhdt Ban Cu thd kim ngach xudt khdu gidm ddng ydn tdng gia da gdp phdn ldm sdn xudt gidm manh vd ty Id thdt nghidp tdng cao Sau dd, nhd cd nhu can tfl nudc ngodi vd cac bidn phap kinh td hilu hidu sau thdng nam 2009, ndn kinh td tidp tyc phuc hdi va tinh tr^ng giam phdt vfla phai Tuy nhidn, tran dpng ddt ldn d midn Ddng Nhdt Ban keo theo thdm hpa nha may didn hat nhdn xay vdo ngdy II thang ndm 2011 dd ldm suy yeu sy phuc hdi cfla ndn kinh td Nhdt Ban vd ddi hdi phdi cd nhirng chinh sdch ASXH hijii hipu dd khae phye hdu qud Chi tieu cho ngtrdi cao tudi tdng cao va chiim ll le Idn ldng ngan sdch cua chinh phu ddnh cho ASXH Cung vdi sy gia tang dan sd ngudi cao tudi, chi tra Ipi ich ASXH cho ngudi cao tudi khdng ngimg tang ldn, ludn chidm ti trpng ldn tdng chi tidu cho todn xd hoi (xap xi 70%), dd chfl ydu chi cho bao hidm huu tri, tidp theo Id chi cho chdm sdc y td vd dich vy phflc lpi xa hdi (xem bang 1) Nam 2011 chi trd cho lpi ich huu tri Id 53,6 ti ydn, chidm xdp xi 50% lpi ich dam bao xd hdi (DBXH)va 15,27% G D P I ^ Theo tfnh loan ciia 36 Y t^, Lao dgng vi Phuc lgi NhSt Bin 28 Sy gia tdng chi tidu cho ASXH da gdp phdn ddy np cdng cua Nhat Bdn tang ldn Nam 2011 np cdng cfla Nhdt Ban ldn tdi 205% GDP (ndm 1993 sd ndy chi la 74%, nam 2003 da tang ldn 158%, ndm 2009 la 193%) Do khiing hodng kinh td, nam 2011 thdm hut ngan sdch cua Nhdt Bdn vupt qud 8% (ndm 2006 Id dudi 2%)^ Bp Kinh td, Thuong mai vd Cdng nghidp Nhdt Bdn dy bdo rdng sy ddng gdp vao ASXH tdng ldn sd ddn ddn sy mdt vide cua khodng I tridu ngudi, ty 1? that nghidp sd tang thdm 1,3% va mflc dp tidu thy se giam xudng vdo ndm 20I7\ Tdng chi phi cho cham sdc y td tang nhanh qua timg nam, ddc bidt Id chi phi cho nhirng ngudi tfl 70 tudi trd Idn^ Theo bdo cdo cua chinh phfl, chi tidu cho y td ndm 2009 ldn tdi 35,3 ti ydn, dd chi tidu cho ngudi tfl 70 tudi trd Idn chidm ti trpng ldn, len tdi 44% Chi binh qudn ddu ngudi cho dp tudi tu 70 tudi trd ldn, ddc biet cho ngudi trdn 75 tudi cao hon rdt nhidu so vdi nhdm ddn sd tre Han nfla, cflng vdi van dd l^im phdt, tham hpa ddng ddt sdng than ndm 2011 da lam tram trpng thdm vdn dd ti Id that nghidp ldn cao vd mflc thu nhap cfla nhflng ngudi lam cdng an lucmg gidm xudng, lam cho hp khdng cdn khd nang ddng bao hidm y td vd cac chi phi y td tdng Idn ' Doi, T.; Hoshi, T.; Okimoto, T Japanese government debt and sustainability of fiscal policy, Joumal of the Japanese and international economies 2011, 25(4): 414-433 '' Pacific Economic Council, supra note 3, p 78-81 ^ Tbe Asahi Shimbun, 17-8-2011 NOHIEN Cflu N G BflC fl, SO 3(169) 3-2015 Nghien cim khoa hgc Nam 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 Bang 1: Chi tidu cho Ipi ich ASXH ngu'di cao tudi Dan vi: tiyen Chi tieu cbo ngu'di cao tudi Cbo Lpiicb Lpi Tdng Loiicb Trp todn xa Tylf so BH ich dich vij cap cho hpi LB cao ASXH hiru tri CSYT PL tuoi (%) 78.139 53.065 39.173 10.347 3.436 109 67,9 87.777 61.340 44.669 10.667 5.879 126 69,9 94.104 65.341 48.151 10.417 6.649 125 69,4 99.861 68.642 50.406 10.978 68,7 7.II6 143 103.488 70.516 51.191 11.666 7.505 155 68,1 Nguon: Viin Nghien ciru ddn sd vd ASXH Niim tin vdo h^ thdng ASXH cua ngudi Nhat Bin bi suy giam nghiem Irong Mac dfl Nhat Bdn da tidn hdnh nhidu cudc eai each nhung sy tin tudng cfla ddn chiing vao he thdng ASXH vdn tidp tuc giam Khdng the phfl nhdn rdng cii mdi ldn du bao dan sd thay ddi thi quy huu tri edng cflng phai sfla ddi dd nang mflc phi bao hidm va giam mflc lpi ich hudng thu, ddn tdi su hodi nghi cua edng chflng vd tinh bdn vflng cfla cdc chuang trinh ASXH, Iam cho hp khdng nhipt tinh ddng gdp vao quy bdo hidm him tri Theo kdt qua didu tra du luan qudn chflng hdng ndm cfla Vidn Y td va Chinh sdch todn cdu vd cac vdn dd chdm sdc sue khde d Nhdt Bdn, hon 80% dan chiing khdng hdi long vdi qua trinh quyet dinh vd vdi he thdng cham sde sue khde thidu todn didn Men tai nhimg phan ddng hdi long vdi cdc dich vy chdm sdc va didu trj y td Gdn 80% sd ngudi dupc hdi, dd da phdn Id nhiing ngudi d dp tudi 20 vd 30, lo ldng vd tuong lai cfla hd thdng chdm sdc y td, ddc bidt Id cdc vdn dd chdm NCHIEN Cdu OdNG B^C fl, Sd 3(169) 3-2015 sdc, ganh nang chi phi y td cho ngudi cao tudi giai do?n eudi ddi (75 tudi trd ldn)' Cac cbinb sdch, bifn phap cai each Be cdc chinh sach nham dn dinh nguin tai chinh chi tieu cho ASXH vd dim bao Slf cdng bang gi&a nhung ngudi cao luoi Vdi myc tidu xdy dyng he thdng ASXH "hd trp cho tdt cd cdc thd hd", ddm bdo an sinh cd ddi, vd dd mpi ngudi ddu quan tam nhidu hon ddn vdn dd ASXH tir cdn tre, Nhdt Bdn dd tdng cudng hd trp vd chdm sdc tre em, ngudn nhdn lye quydt djnh su dn dinh tai chinh cfla ASXH tuong lai Ddng thdi Nhdt Bdn dd dua "Dy ludt cai cdch ddng thdi he thdng ASXH vd chd dp thud" vd da dupc Qude hpi thdng qua nam 2012, dd quy dinh thud tidu thu tdng Idn 8% tu thdng nam 2014 (trudc dd Id 5%), 10% tfl thang 10 ndm 2015 vd doanh thu thud tidu dflng chi ddnh dd tai trp cho chi '' Xem k^t qui dieu http://www.hgpi.org/ tra ciia Vien nam 2010, 29 Nghien citu khoa ho£ phi ASXH nhu luong huu, chdm sdc sflc khde cho ngudi cao tudi, chdm sdc ldu ddi, vd chdm sdc trd em vd ngudn tdi trp chp qup huu tri chi lay tfl thud tidu dflng, khac vdi trudc ddy dupc chinh phfl tdi trp nhtmg khdng cd ngudn cu thd Nhu vay, ngudn tdi trp cho quy huu tri sd dupc ddm bdo dn dinh hem nhirng ngudi cd thdm quydn vd tdng eudng edc bidn phdp thu phi bdo hidm qud ban, hpp tac vdi cdc td chuc nhdn fly thac thu phi bdo hidm de ddm bdo ti Id todn phi bao hidm ndm 2012 cao hon so vdi nhirng ndm trudc Ngodi ra, dd giam bdt ehi tidu cua Quy huu tri vd han chd sy ehdnh lech vd mflc Dd dn dinh ndn tdi chinh cfla dat nudc, hudng lpi ich huu tri, cupc cai cdch nam gidm bdt gdnh ndng tdi chinh cfla he thdng 2012 da quy dinh cdng chflc nhd nudc huu tri, han chd sy thdm hyt ngdn sach, Nhdt ehuydn sang hudng chd dp huu tri ehung tfl Ban dd thdng qua nhflng bidn phdp didu thdng 4-2015 Didu cd nghia la tat ca chinh theo hudng nang tudi hudng luong nhiing ngudi ldm cdng an luong Idm vide huu (du tinh tdng hon nua tuoi duoc hudng cho chinh quydn trung uang hay dia phuong, trp cdp huu tri, tfl 65 tudi hidn hanh Ien 68 bdt kd lo?i hinh cdng vide ndo, trudc day hodc 70), tang mflc ddng gdp vd gidm mflc hudng cac chd dp huu tri rieng biet nhu hiru hudng thu, ddng thdi, gidm bdt mpt phan lpi tri ngudi ldm, huu tri trp cdp song phuang ich huu tri cua ngudi giau, gidm uu ddi thud theo chd dp mdi se eung hudng chd dp huu thu nhap huu tri vd thu cdc khodn ddng gdp tri chung Ddng thdi, hai he thdng huu tri tu ngudi phy thudc (nhflng ngudi hidn dang dupc hop nhdt, luang huu tdng thfl ba (mpt hudng trp cdp huu tri mac dfl hp khdng phdi phdn tidn huu dupe hudng theo quy dinh ddng gdp gi) Theo tinh todn, ndu nhiing sy ASXH) ddi vdi cdng chflc, se bi bdi bd Tuy lya chpn-ndy dupc thyc hidn ddng thdi thi nhidn, mpt phan tidn huu ndy van dupc dam trp cdp hdng ndm eua chinh phfl vd tham hyt bao chi tra tfl quy dy trir hidn cd Phan cdn ngdn sdch cd thd gidm xudng dupc 1,25 % lai cfla quy se dupc bd sung vdo he GDP vao nam 2020 vd theo tinh todn cfla Bd thdng huu tri ehung Y td, Lao ddng vd Phflc Ipi, ndu tudi nghi De xual cdc bien phdp ddm bao nguon huu dupc ndng ldn, chi tieu cdng sd gidm thu nhap cho ngudl cao luoi khoang 0,5 nghin ty ydn mdi nam Nhu vay Dd dam bdo ngudn thu nhap cho ngudi ngudn tai chinh danh cho quy huu tri sS cao tudi, Nhat Ban dd dd phuong hudng dupc ddm bao ban cdi cdch che dp huu tri ddm bdo mflc luong Bdn c^nh nhung ehinh sdch,- bidn phdp huu tdi thidu vd phdng chdng ngheo ddi, trdn, dd tang ngudn thu cho Quy bdo hidm giflp ngudi cao tudi ddc thdn, ngudi cd thu huu tri qudc gia, Nhdt Bdn lidn tuc ddng vien nhdp thdp, vd ngudi khdng cd bdo hidm ed nhflng ngudi dp tudi phai tham gia cudc sdng dn djnh Ddng thdi tao mpt he theo danh sach ddng ky thudng trfl thyc hidn thdng huu tri vfla dem Iai sy tin edy cho edc thfl tuc thdng bao gia nhdp Quy vdi ngudi ddn, vfla ddm bdo duoc sy dn djnh vd 30 MGHIEN ctra OdMG B^C A s 3(169) 3-2015 Nghien citu khoa hoc tai ehinh cua quy huu tri Cae bidn phdp thyc hidn bao gdm: gidi quydt cde vdn dd lidn quan ddn luong huu thdp hodc khdng cd luang huu vd rflt ngan thdi gian dfl didu kidn nhdn luong huu hode luong huu bd sung ddi vdi ngudi cd thu nhdp thdp Cu the, tfl thdng 10 ndm 2015 sd nam bdt bude ddng bdo hidm dd dupc hudng chd dp huu tri se giam tfl 25 nam xudng chi cdn 10 ndm vd nhflng ngudi cd tidn huu thdp ban 780.000 ydn/nam se dupc hd trp thdm 5.000 ydn mdi thdng Bdn c^nh dd, tfl thang 10 ndm 2014 pham vi bao hidm huu tri ngudi Iam dupc md rpng ddn ngudi Iao ddng ldm vide tfl 20 gid mot tudn thay vi quy dinh 30 gid trd ldn mpt tuan nhu hidn hdnh Nhu vay ca nhung ngudi lap ddng ldm bdn thdi gian cung dupe tham gia vdo quy bdo hidm huu tri De giflp ngudi eao tuoi cd cudc sdng dn djnh va vide dd trdnh tinh trang hd gia dinh ngudi cao tu6i khdng ed thu nhdp, nhd nude da khuydn khich va hd trp cho ngudi trung nidn vd cao tudi tim vide ldm va tao su thudn lpi vide ehuydn ddi vide ldm cua ngudi cap tudi, nhflng ngudi thudng gap khd khan vide tuydn dyng Iai, thdng qua bidn phdp md rdng ehd dp trp cap dd hd trp vide ehuydn ddi Iao ddng cho cac doanh nghipp vua vd nhd, fly thac hd trp tuydn dung lai cho cdc cdng ty tuydn dung tu nhan, cho phep it nhdt mdt ngdy nghi dd tim vide va dupc tra sd tidn bdng hodc nhidu hon sd tidn luong binh thudng ngudi cao tudi tim lai dupc vipc ldm Ddng thdi Nhdt Bdn cflng tai trp cho cac cdng ty thud mudn ngudi cao tudi gdn ddn tudi nghi huu nhimg vdn mudn tidp tuc lam vide tfl cae cdng ty khde gidi TJGHIIN cdu DANG BAC a S6 3(169) 3-201S thidu dd tan dyng nhirng kidn thurc vd kinh nghidm eua hp Ho Ira vifc Iri, nang cao sue khde Ihi chdt vd linh Ihan cua ngudi cao luoi La mdt xa hdi sidu gid vdi ty Id dan sd ngudi cao tudi ldn tdi trdn hon 23%, Nhat Bdn da xdc dinh rd viec ndng cao sflc khde thd chdt vd tinh thdn cho ngudi cao tudi Id mOt trdch nhipm quan trpng cfla nhd nudc dd tri sy dn dinh xd hdi Vi vdy chinh phfl da tidn hanh cdc dy dn hd trp vipc nang eao sue khde eho ngudi cao tudi qua vide phd bidn vd ndng cao nhdn thflc vd cdc chuang trinh thd due thd thao phu hpp vdi sue khde vd thd trang cua mdi ngudi cao tudi, td chflc cdc hdi nghi ehuydn dd lidn quan ddn sue khde cfla ngudi cao tudi dd giflp cho hp sdng thp, khde manh vd ndng ddng Dd ddm bdo sy an todn cua ngudi cao tudi sdng tai chinh ngdi nhd cfla minh, cdc dia phuang dd cd nhflng bidn phap bdo vd, hd trp phdng trdnh cdc loai tdi pham nhu lira dao, an cdp tdi khoan tidt kidm hay tdi sdn Thdng qua vide cdnh bdo cdc loai tdi pham, cung cdp danh tinh cac ddi tupng bi tinh nghi eung nhu dd ph?m phap vflng tfl cdng an khu vyc cho ngudi cao tudi dd ho dd phdng Ddng thdi, dd ngdn chdn "cai chdt don ddc", Nhdt Ban da hd trp cac cac eo sd phuc Idi dia phuong luu gifl nhiing thdng tin ca nhan cua ngudi cao tudi sdng ddc than vung dd hp cd nhflng bidn phap trp giflp phfl hpp cdn thidt Cflng vdi nhung bidn phdp hd trp ngudi cao tudi sdng an todn, cdc dia phuang cdn ddng vidn, khuydn khich ngudi cao tudi tham gia vdo edc boat ddng xa hdi dd hp cdm thdy cudc sdng cua minh y nghia hon Cu thd 31 Nghien cOru khoa hgc cdc dia phuong dd nd lye td chue ede cudc trao ddi, nghidn cflu cdch thflc van ddng ngudi cao tudi tham gia eac boat ddng xa hdi vd thuc ddy vide hpe tap sudt ddi Ddng thdi Nhd nudc cung dua kd hoach td chflc "Hdi nghi mang ludi hoc tap sudt ddi qudc gia" dd tip hpp mpi ngudi tfl cdc td chuc hdnh chinh, cdc trudng dai bpc, cdc td chflc phi Ipi nhuan va cae td chuc khac, nhiing ngudi dang Iam cae cdng vipc gidi quydt nhimg vdn dd xd hdi tham gia, ddng gdp y kidn vd vide td chflc cdc ho?t dpng hpe tjp sudt ddi Cflng vdi vide phd bidn cdc thdng tin vd kdt qua cua cdc cupc hpp lien quan ddn nghien curu thyc hipn nhOng vdn dd nay, chinh phu sd thflc ddy vifc md rpng mang ludi cfla^ cdc bdn cd lidn quan trdn cdc Imh vyc khde de trao doi thdng tin cac bdn cung quan tdm nhdm tdng cudng cdc boat ddng thudng nhat Ngodi cdc dia phuang cflng khuydn khich ngudi cao tudi tham gia, hd trp vide t?o mdi trudng nudi duong tre em tai cdng ddng cdc boat ddng sau gid hpe, hd trp gido dye tai nhd vd thye hidn dy an "du Iich todn ddn" dd thflc ddy viec tao mdt mdi trudng md tdt ed mpi ngudi cd thd dd ddng tham gia di du lich, ndng cao ddi sdng tinh thdn Bam bdo cung cdp cac dich VH chdm sdc ddi hgn cdn thill v&l chai luang ngiy cing dufc nSng cao CuOc cdi cdch ASXH todn didn nam 2012 dd dd nhidm vy xay dyng he thdng chdm sdc tdng hpp, toan didn, ldu ddi tai edng ddng dd ldm tdt ca nhflng gi cd the dupe dd giup ngudi cao tudi tidp tue sdng dya vao gia dinh nhu trudc ddy hodc sdng tai cdc co sd 32 chdm sdc ngudi cao tudi va Nhd nhdm, ddp ling nhu cdu da dang cfla ngudi ddn Dd thyc hidn cdc du dn co bdn vd hpp tdc cham sdc y td tai gia dd dupe thye hidn tfl 2011 vd md rdng sd lupng cdc dia ban thuc hidn, Nhdt Ban khdng ngflng ed gdng ndng cao nhdn thflc edng ddng va phat tridn ngudn nhdn lye Ngoai ra, Bp Y td, Lao ddng vd Phuc Ipi cdn khuydn khich cae tinh dd cdc muc tidu cdn dat dupc vipc chdm sdc tai nha va cac phuang thflc hpp tdc chdm sdc sflc Ichde ban kd hoach thyc^hipn ndm tdi chinh tidp theo Sy trp giup cua xa hdi, cdng ddng ddi vdi nhirng ngudi mdc bdnh sa sflt tri tu? (SSTT) cflng dupc ddc bidt chfl trpng Nhd cd nhiing chidn dich tuydn truydn, phdt dOng ndn ngudi dan cang nhdn thflc, hidu bidt dung vd bdnh SSTT Ddng thdi dd ddm bdo ngudn nhdn lye giflp dd ngudi bi bdnh vdi sd lupng ngdy cdng tang, tai cdc dia phuong, chinh quydn dd phdi hpp vdi ngudi ddn, hpp tac vdi gia dinh dd phdt tridn mang ludi, dd cdc kd hoach chdm sdc chu dao cho ngudi bdnh Bdn canh vide giflp dd ngudi bpnh sdng tai nha, md hinh Nhd nhdm ddnh cho ngudi S S T T ' ngdy cdng phdt tridn vd hodn thidn, giflp cho nhitng ngudi bi bdnh ed cupc sdng an toan va thoai mai hon, ndng eao ddi sdng tinh thdn cho ngudi berth, gdp phdn vao vide dn dinh xd hpi ' Xem them Tiiu Thj Nhung (2006), "Mo hlnh "Nhi nhom" dinh cho ngudi m i c b§nh mit trf Nh§t Bin", Tap chi Nghien ciiu gia dinh vd xd hdi ky thing 8, Hi NOi NGHIEN Ctia OdNG B^C 6, s6 3(169) 3-2015 Nghien citu khoa hoc De ndng cao chdt lupng dich vu chdm sdc ldu ddi, Nhdt Bdn dd tdng cudng ea sd tang dich vu vd Quy Nghidn cfln cdng cpng dd thu thdp, phdn tich, cung cdp thdng tin cdn thidt dd nghidn ciru phat tridn cdc thidt bi phuc vu chdm sdc ddi ban vd tdi trp cho cdc cdng ty chfl trpng vide phat tridn va thuang mai hda cdc thidt bj ehdm sdc lau ddi Ddi vdi robot hd trp vide ehdm sdc lau ddi, Nhdt Ban tidp tuc thflc ddy vide nghien cun vd cdu trflc nao bp, su dung cdng nghd ldm cho robot cd thd thd hidn nhiing cdm xiic don gian, can thidt cho vide hd trp cac hojt ddng, giao tidp cupc sdng hang cfla ngudi cao tudi va su dung cdc phuang phdp kidm dinh an todn, phdt tridn he thdng cdp giay chiing nhdn theo tidu chuan qudc td dd dam bao vdn dd an toan cho ngudi su dyng dn dinh nai cu Iru vi cdc dieu kl^n song Ihudng nhal cho ngudl cao tuoi Dd dn djnh noi cu trfl phfl hpp vdi ngudi cao tudi, Nh$t Ban dua nhung kidn nghi vd quy hoEtch cdc dy an xay dung nha d cfla ngudi cao tudi tai cdng ddng vd tdi trp cho cac dy dn mang tinh kha thi cao, ddp flng cac nhu cau cfla ngudi cao tudi Ddi vdi nhiing ngudi gap rfli ro hodc cudc sdng bi anh hudng sy thay ddi ca cdu kinh td va xd hdi, nhd nudc cd chinh sach hd trp ddc bidt dd dam bdo dn dinh cudc sdng Vi du, sau thdm hpa ddng ddt, sdng thdn, nhd nudc da giam phi bdo hidm cham sdc ddi han, mien mdt ndm phi ddng toan cho cdc cu dan khu vyc quanh nha mdy didn hat nhan Fukushima Daiichi phai so tdn vd didu ehinh mue hd trp tdi chinh ddc bidt ddn TJoHlin Cdru D O N G B ^ C A Sti 3(169) 3-2015 thdng nam 2012 cho eac khu vuc bi dnh hudng dd nhung dja phuang ndy gidm phi bao hidm va midn cdc khoan ddng toan cho ngudi dan Ddi vdi nhflng ngudi cao tudi sdng tai cac vflng gap khd khdn, bdt tien vide tidp can vdi luang thye, thyc pham qua trinh ldo hda nhanh chdng, dan sd giam nhiing ndm trudc, ddn tdi sd Iuong cdc cfla hang ban Ie, qudn dn va cfla hdng tjip hda giam, nha nudc hd trp, tao didu kidn thudn Ipi cho cac doanh nghif p tu nhan vide cung cdp nhu ydu phdm cho ngudi cao tudi d cae vflng Tdm Iji, sy bidn ddi sau sdc tinh hinh kinh td, xd hdi nhu tdng trudng kinh td cham ddn sd bj ldo hda nhanh chdng, chi tidu cho ASXH ngudi cao tudi tdng cao lam cho nidm tin vdo hp thdng ASXH cfla ngudi dan cdng bi suy gidm nghidm trpng, nam 2012 Nhdt Ban da tidn hdnh cudc cdi cdch toan didn chd dd ASXH dd chu trpng tdi vide didu chinh cdc chinh sach, bifn phdp ASXH ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi Cac chinh sach, bidn phdp dieu chinh xoay quanh van dd dam bdo cupc sdng thudng ngdy cho ngudi cao tudi nhu dn dinh ngudn tdi chinh cung cdp cho cac chuang trinh ASXH ngudi cao tudi, tri, ndng cao sflc khde thd chdt va tinh thdn, cung cap ede dich vy cham sde chat luong cao cdn thidt Hy vpng rdng vdi sy quydt tdm, nd lye cfla chinh phfl va nhdn dan, cudc cdi cdch ASXH ndm 2012 se tao su tin tudng cfla ddn ehflng vdo sy bdn vflng cfla he thdng ASXH va ngdy cdng ndng cao chdt lupng cupc sdng cho ngudi cao tudi Nhdt Ban 33 Nghien cthi khoa hoc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Japan, Asia and Pacific Department and Fiscal Affairs Department, Intemational Monetary Fund Naoki Ikegami I &Gerar£/ F Anderson In Japan, All-Payer Rate Setting Under Tight Government Control Has Proved To Be An Effective Approach To Containing Costs, http://content.healthaffairs.Org/content/31/5/I04 9.full Katsuhisa Kojima (ed, 201 IJ, Social Security in Japan, National Institute for Population and Social Security Research, Tokyo, Japan Katsunori Hara (2013), Dementia Policy in Japan, Health and Welfare Bureau for the Elderly, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 10 Noriyuki Takayama (2012), Japan's (MHLW),http ://www i gakuken or.jp/english/er esearch/symposia_workshop/2013_0129sympo/ 2012 Social Security Pension Reform, Research Institute for Policies on Pension & Aging pdf/listOO.pdf Margarita Estevez abe (2013), (RIPPA), http://takayama-online.net/pie/stage3/ Negotiating Welfare Reforms: Actors and English/d_p/dp2012/dp574/text.pdf 11 Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Institutions in the Japanese Welfare State, Weatherhead Center for Intemational Affair, (2013), Measures for the Aging Society in FY 2012 http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/an Harvard College, USA Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, nualreport/2012/pdf/2012.pdf The Comprehensive Reform of Social Security 12 Ministry of Informal Affairs and and tax, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, communications (2014), Statistical Handbook of Tokyo, Japan 2012, http://www.mhlw Japan 2014, Stastical Bureau, http://www.s tat.go.jp/english/data/handbook go.jp/english/social_security/kaikaku.html Trk Thi Nhung (2013), "Cai each chS 66 Dam bao xa hgi cho nguoi gia Nhat Ban", Tap chi Nghien cuu Dong Bdc A so 9/2013 (151), Ha Npi Trin Thi Nhung (2006), "Mo hinh "Nha nhom" danh cho nguoi mac benh mit tri a Nhat Ban", Tg.p chi Nghien cihi gia dinh vd xa hgi, ky Ithang 8, Ha Npi Kashiwase, Kenichiro and Pietro Rizza, 2012, "Who Will Pay? Dynamics of Pension Reforms and Inter-generational Inequity" (forthcoming IMF Working Paper) Kenichiro Kashiwase, Masahiro Nozaki, and Kiichi Tokuoka (2012), Pension Reforms in 34 HGHIEN cdru DdNG B^C f{ sd 3(169) 3-2015 ... ngtrdi cao tudi tdng cao va chiim ll le Idn ldng ngan sdch cua chinh phu ddnh cho ASXH Cung vdi sy gia tang dan sd ngudi cao tudi, chi tra Ipi ich ASXH cho ngudi cao tudi khdng ngimg tang ldn,... vifc Iri, nang cao sue khde Ihi chdt vd linh Ihan cua ngudi cao luoi La mdt xa hdi sidu gid vdi ty Id dan sd ngudi cao tudi ldn tdi trdn hon 23%, Nhat Bdn da xdc dinh rd viec ndng cao sflc khde... vd ndng cao nhdn thflc vd cdc chuang trinh thd due thd thao phu hpp vdi sue khde vd thd trang cua mdi ngudi cao tudi, td chflc cdc hdi nghi ehuydn dd lidn quan ddn sue khde cfla ngudi cao tudi