1 THifCTliN-KINHNGHieiW ,'•51 TAC DONG CUA MANG LirOlXA HOI DEN LOI SONG cijA CONG NHAN • TS D-\NG ANH TUYET Vien Xd hoi hoc Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh T rudc su phdt trign mgnh me eua khoa hpe cdng nghe, dac biet la truygn thdng dai chiing da giup cdc thdnh vign eua xd hdi cd the Uen he voi mOt cdch dg ddng tgo nen hg thdng cae mang ludi quan he xd hdi ddy ddc eiia mdi ed nhan Cae quan he xa hdi (mang ludi xd hpi) cd tac ddng khdng nhd tdi ddi sdng xa hpi ndi chung va ddi sdng eua giai cdp cdng nhan ((XCN) ndi rieng, dgc biet la Idi sdng Dudi gidc dO tiep can ciia xd hdi bpc "mgng ludi xa hpi" Id tdng hpp cdc quan hd ciia ngudi mdt he thdng xa hdi nhdt dinh, cdc quan he dd eon ngudi cd nhiing muc dich nhdt dinh Cdc quan hg xa hdi dan xen tir gia dinh, dpng hp, Idng gieng dgn cac td chiic, dodn the xd hdi khdc Ddi vdi ngudi cdng nhdn, mgng ludi eua hp Id tdng hpp cdc quan hg be thdng xa hpi nhat dinh bao gdm cac quan he dan xen chdng chit Idn tir gia dinh den cdc quan he nha mdy LVLUANCHINHTR!-So 2/2016 truyen thdng dai ehiing, ede td chiie xa hdi ma hp tham gia Ldi sdng la su tdng hop nhiing quan hg Idnh te, vdn hda, tu tudng, dao diie Ldi sdng cua cdng lihan the hien tren nhieu linh vue hoat ddng, tii Iao ddng, san xudt kinh doanh, dgn doi sdng smh hogt giaffinh,edng ddng vd cdc hoat ddng ehinh tri - xa hdi ciia edng nhSn eting nhu dupe the hien qua mang ludi quan he xd hdi cua mdi cd nhdn Dae trung ban chdt ciia Idi sdng cdng nhan la hoat ddng Iao dpng san xudt cdng nghiep Ldi sdng ciia edng nhan chiu nhigu yeu td tac ddng tu qud trinh Iao ddng sdn xudt, ttr cae mdi quan he gia finh, noi eu tni, tu edng ddng xd hdi va cdc hoat ddng ehinh tri khde ciia ngudi edng lihan Cdc ygu td tdc ddng den viec hinh loi sdng ciia GCCN khdng cd ranh gidi rd rdng mh ludn dan xen, rang bupe Idn tao mdt mgng luoi (mgng ludi xd hdi) Khi bdn ve vdn de xdy dung GCCN nude ta Idn mgnh thdi ky day manh CNH, HDH ddt nude khdng don thudn ehi la su tang Ign vg sd lupng, hay chdt lupng ngudn lao ddngp ma nd cdn the hign cdch thiic Iao dOng, lam an, kmh doanh; eac phong tue tap qu^; m each thuc giao tiep, ling xu ciia eon ngudi; dpng tdi viec hinh ldi sdng, nhan each quan niem vg dgo diic va nhan each Ndi ciia mdi ea nhdn Ngu ca nhan tiep xiic vdi cdc each khde, su phdt tridn khdng ngung ciia vien nhdm bgn cua nunh than mat GCCN cdn dupe thg hien vi^c GCCN cdn hon, true tigp hon thi anh hudng ciia phong phdi xdy dung eho dupe mdt Idi sdng mdi, tign cdch sinh hogt ciig cac thdnh vien nhdm tign, hien dai, khoa hpe, phu hpp vdi truygn se cd tde ddng manh me tdi vi^c hinh thdng cua ddn tOc vd dieu kien ciia lieh sii ldi sdng ciia mdi cd nhdn Ddi vdi cdng nhan, Mot so tdc ddng cua m^ng Iirol xa h$i nhdm ban khdng ehi don thudn la nhiing ed d^n ldi sdng cua c6ng nhan Yi^t Nam Men nhdn cimg nhdm tudi md bao gdm cd Tic d0Dg dia nhdm b^, ddng n^$p dign nhung ngudi thupc lihigu dp mdi khdc ldi sdng ci5a c6ng nhin: Nhdm bgn va ddng nhung hp eung chung vd cimg hudng tdi he gid nghigp noi Idm viec cd tdc ddng mgnh dgn Idi tri, muc tigu ndo dd ddi vdi cd nhdn sdng ciia mdi cd nhdn Su phdt trign manh mg Tic d0ng cda gia duih, ddng hp tdi ldi sdng cua edng ngh0 thdng tin da tao digu kign cho cda cdngnhin viec kgt ndi mgng ludi xa hdi ndi ehung Hien nay, digu kien kmh tg - xa hdi eua ddt dd ed mgng ludi cua cdc nhdm ban mdt cdch nude da va dang tdc ddng khdng nhd dgn cdu dg ddng ban Ddc biet la mdi trudng smh tnie va dac tnmg ciia gia dinh, mdt so ehiic sdng, lam viee tap trung thi su tdc ddng, gdn ndng ciia gia dirih cung ed su bign ddi, vd vai bd cua nhiing ngudi xung quanh ed tdc ddng trd cua gia dinh, ddng hp viee tham gia mgnh mg tdi ldi sdng vd qud trinh hinh thdnh hinh thdnh Idi sdng cua ea nhdn ciing cd phdn khudn mdu hdnh vi cua mdi ed nhdn Tuong thay ddi Neu trude day, md hinh gia fflnh trp giiip da Idn edng viee vd truyen thdng nhieu the he Id phd bign thi vige cudc sdng Id mdt bigu hien eiia Idi sdng, tham gia smh sdng chung gia dinh nhigu mdi trudng sdng ma tinh edng ddng eao nhu thg hg cd dnh hudng khdng nhd tdi viec hinh cae khu sinh sdng tap tnmg ciia edng nhdn thdnh Idi sdng cua mdi cd nhdn (noi lam viec, cae khu nhd trp, khu tap the Ddi vdi edng nhdn, giafflnh,ddng hp Id mdi cdng nhan) thi ddi hdi tmh than doan kgt vd trudng cd vai trd quan trpng vigc hmh tuong trp cdng cao Thyc te hien d thdnh ldi sdng ciia hp Tuy nhien, miic dd d eac khu smh hogt tap tnmg eua cdng nhan ca tCmg bd phgn thi dnh hudng cua giaffinh,ddng ban cdng nhan cd tinh than dodn kgt tdt Theo hp tdi viec hinh ldi sdng cd thg khde kgt qua khdo sat eua de tai KX.03.15 cd tdi 58% Cd thg chia cdng nhdn hai nhdm cdng nhdn tra Idi hp thudng xuydn doan kgt, CO bdn sau: (1) nhdm cdng nhdn cd digu kign tuong trp, giiip Idn ldm vide, digu kidn smh hogt gdn vdi gia dinh, Nhdm ban cd tac ddng mgnh me den Idi vdi nhung ngudi ddng hp (nhdm ban sdng eua mdi cd nhan ndi chung va ldi sdng ciia dia); (2),nhdmnhiingngudiphaixaquedgldm , giai cap cdng nhdn ndi rigng Tuc ngir\^et Nam dn, miie dp tigp xiic vdi gia dinh, ddng hp va I cdeau"GdnmvctIiiden,gandgnthirgng"digu nhiing ngudi than bi ban chg (nhdm ngu cu) , dd mudn nhdn manh dgn mdi trudng xa hdi Ddi vdi nhdm cdng nhdn bdn dia, hdng ciia quan he va miie dd ciia quan he xa hdi tdc dieu kien sinh boat gdn gui vdi gia dinh, nhiing LfLUAN CHfNH TRj-So 2/2016 i THLTCTIIN - KINH NGHllM Phut thu gian cua cdng nhdn khu eong nghiep Sdc Trang Anh: soctrang.gov.vn ngudi cimg ehung huyet thdng, cdi ngudn thi ed nhimg ngudi than giaffinh,trong ldi sdng chiu dnh hudng bdi Idi sdng cua tdp ddng tde thi viec iing xii eiia ngudi edng nhan qudn noi hp smh vd Idn len Ldi sdng ciing phdi bao gdm ea quan he nghg n^^p, nhdm ndy hi dnh hudng nhieu bdi ldi sdng eiia ed quan he gia dinli ddi hdi ngudi cdng nhan giafflnh,eiia cdng ddng noi hp sinh vd Idn phai giai quyet hai hda mdi quan he giiia cdng Ign Quan he xa hdi d nhdm cdng nhdn ban dia vide vd tinh cam Dd eung la mOt bigu hign Xit Id quan hg xd hdi hdn hpp, ngoai ede mdi quan ddng cua gia dinh, ddng hp toi Idi sdng ciia dOi he theo nghg nghiep (quan he edng viec) thi ngu edng nhdn Hodc a noi lam viee, m^t nhdm cdng nhdn ban dia cdn tri mdi quan ngudi cd thg qudn ly Id cdp tren eiia mOt stf he truygn thdng (quan hg gia ^nh, hang xdm, cdng nhdn khdc cung dia phuong, hp hang) Cac quan he xd hdi ciia nhdm cdng nhung ve gia dinh thi ngudi qudn Iy I^i nhdn ban dia nhigu khdng phdn biet rd diing d thii bae thap hon so vdi nhiing cdr^ rang vg mdt ranh gidi, ed quan nhdn khac ma minh quan Iy thi viee lingxiivS he cdng nghigp ciia nhdm cdng nhdn ban dia giai quyet hdi hda mdi quan he edng vi$c ciing bao hdm dd Id quan hg tinh cam gia vd tinh cam phai hdi hda, va eiing phto fflnh, quan he bp bang Vi du nhu mdt ngudi ndo anh hudng tdi ldi sdng eua edng n h ^ edng nhdn ldm viec nha mdy, Idm viec Nhirng ngirdi edng nhdn khdng the tu sfilf eung hp cd nhieu cdng nhdn khde dd cd theo ldi sdng hien dgi, vdi nhiing tigu cit LYLUAN CHfNH TRj-So 2/2016 M khdng phu hpp vdi mdi trudng, vdi tmyen thdng gia dinh, ddng hp vd qug huong vi hp cdn bi eac thdnh vien khde giaffinh,hp hang giam sdt Vi dy cdch an mac, nhiing ngudi edng nhan ban dia, dac biet Id edng nhan nu khdng thg an mac dgn miic phdn cam theo Idi sdng liien dai, hoae di choi ve qud khuya, hogc sdng thu so vdi nhdm edng nhdn khdc sdng xa nha vi ben cgnh hp cdn cd cae vien khdc giaffinh,trong ddng hp, cdng ddng ldng xa gidm sdt O nhdm thii hai (nhdm cdng nhdn ngu eu) ddy la nhdm cdng nhdn sdng xa gia dinh, hp hang nen nhdm ndy it chiu dnh hudng eua nhiing i ^ t ^ thdn xung quanh nen hp nhanh chdng tigp nl^n nhiing Idi sdr^ nhiing net van hda mdi Do phdi sdng xa gia dinh, ngudn thu nhap thap, khdng cd noi cd dinh nen hp phdi sdng tam bo cdc ngdi nhd trp ciia ngudi dan dia phuong nen phai chiu nhigu dp luc cupc sdng, ngoai thdi gian lam viec theo quy dinh thi nhiing ngudi edng nhan sdng xa gia dinh cdn phai tich cue Idm thgm gid dg ed them thu nhdp Mdt khae khdng bi le thude bdi thigt chg giaffinh,ddng hp nen nhdm edng nhan ciing nhanh chdng hinh cae thdi quen, each sdng mdi Bieu hien dd la viee ed thg tu tiep thu ede gia tri mdi, ede each thuc iing xu ma khdng bi rang bupe bdi cdc quy dinh eua thigt che giaffinhraddng hp nhu cdch dn mdc, ndi nang, sinh boat hang i^ay Tuy nhien, eiing khdng the phu nhdn vai trd ciia gia dinh, ddng bp viec binh thdnh ldi sdng eiia nhdm edng nhdn xa nha dd la truygn thdng, vdn hda, thdi quen ciia giaffinhda dn sdu tigm thiic, hanh dpng cua mdi cd nhan Ddi vdi nhinig ngudi cdng nhdn xudt than dieu Men gia dinh kinh tg cd phdn hgn chg, thudng loiyen lao ddng dieu kien vdt va thi hp hinh thdnh tinh thdn chiu khd,tigtkiem sinh boat Hodc nhiing ngudi sdng mdi trudng giaffiiihcd truygn thdng vdn hda, cd digu kien dupe hpe hdnhtintrong cdch iing xii, giao tigp eua hp cd su khac bidt so vdi nhiing ngudi it ed digu kien dupe hpe banh hoae it nhdn dupe su quan tam cua giafflnh.Dd eiing Id ly tgi tiong eung nhdm edng nhdn nhung lgi cd sv khdc biet vg Idi sdng giiia cac ea nhan Tic ddng cda c0ng ddngxi h^i tdi ldi sdng cda cdngnbirvNiu nhu trudc day, ngudi chi quan he vdi mdt cdch true dien, true tigp thi vdi su phdt trign cua edng nghe thdng tin dd idm cho eon ngudi ndi ehung vd edng nhan ndi ndng md rpng cdc mdi quan be Ngodi cdc mdi quan he truyen thdng, true tiep thi cdng nhdn cdn cd eae mdi quan hg gidn tigp Chinh viee md rdng cdc mdi quan hg dd phan nao lam cho ddi ngu cdng nhdn tigp thu them dupe cdc gid tri xa hdi mdi Nhiing tde ddng ciia epng ddng xd hdi tdi ldi sdng eiia edng nhdn digu kien cdng nghigp hda ngdy bigu hign trgn mdt sd khia caiih sau: Cicyeu tdcua cpng ddng xahpi phan inh tinh chit cua hoat ddng xi hot Cdng nhan ciing nhu cdc ca nhan khdc deu Id thdnh vien ciia mdt cdng ddng xa hdi nhdt dinh, dd tinh chat hogt ddng eua cdng ddng cd dnh hudng mgnh me tdi Idi sdng eua nhdm edng nhdn, Ngu eOng ddng xd hdi gdn kgt, dodn kgt dupe cdc thdnh vign vdi nhau, ma trudc hgt Id cae nhdm sg tao ngn mang ludi quan h^ ciia cae thdnh vien ndi bd nhdm vdi vd vdi ede nhdm khdc Cdc ygu td ciia eOng ddng dg gdn kgt cdc cd nhan chfnh Id thdr^ qua cae hogt ddng thuetigneua cdng ddr^ nhu boat ddng xdy dung edng ddng, hogt dpng ciia nhd van LfLUAN CHfNH TRj-So 2/2016 ^ THl/CTllN-KINHNGHlfM hda, hogt ddng vui choi gidl tri cd tinh chdt ngudi tham gia tuong tdc vdi cdc vien cac ttong nhdm, qua dd hp hnh hdi cae gia trj, m6 cdng ddng Cd su chenh leeh viec tham gia cdc hinh, hdnh vi, ehuan muc ttong dd ed eac gi^ hogt ddng epng ddng ciia edng nhan giiia noi tri eua Idi sdng Mat khac, cdng nhan khdng chi lam viee va noi smh sdng Theo khao sat eiia dg tuong tdc ttong epng ddng noi minh eu tni, tai KX.03.15 cd tdi 45,5% cdng nhdnti-aldi cd sinh sdng ma cdn true tigp, hodc gidn tiep tham gia cdc hogt ddng nhd van hoa, the thao tuong tdc vdi cdc cdng ddng khdc, thdng qua eiia doanh nghiep Trong dd, su tham gia matigpnhan cdc gid tri Idi sdng ciia c0ng ddng hogt dpng d cdc khu dan cu noi cdng nhdn khdc Vi du mdt nhdm cdng nhan Idm viec suih sdng chi la 15,8% Sd cdng nhdn tham gia ttong mdt nha mdy ma ngudi qudn 1;? la nguoi smh boat tap the cdng ddng chiem 28,9% Sd nude ngodi, ttong qud trinh lam viee, nguoi cdng nhanttaldi dntri sinh sdng cd td chiic cdc cdng nhan thudng xuyentigpxiic, tuong tac v6i hoat ddng lg hdi chiem 33%; boat dpng van ngudi quan ly ciia minh Trong qud trinh tuong nghe quan chiing la 38%; hogt ddng giao luu tdc dd, ngudi quan Iy thudng xuyen thg hien bdng dd, cau long, bdng bdn Id 45,1%ttongkhi cdc gid tri vdn hda, thdi quen, cdch thiic lam dd sd cdng nhdn tham gia cdc hoat ddng tai viec theo phong cdeh cua edng ddng noi hg cdng ddng noi smh sdng ehi chigm 15,8%'" sinh va Idn Ign thi qud trinh dd hinh o Quan he xa hpi vd miie dp eae quan he cua tung edng nhan mdt sd net Idi sdng cdng ddng cdng nhdn vdi nhdm cua minh va nhdm khdc ngudi quan ly ciia hp nhu each thiic giao tigp, quy dinh ldi sdng ciia cdng nhdn Nhiing edng each thiic lam viec nhan ed mang ludi xa hdi rdng, cudng dp cdc Cac yiu tdphan inh mm dp thinh suy cua quan be xa hdi cang manh thi edng cd sir phong xa hpi (phat triin hay ngimg tre, hdi tu hay phii va da dangttongldi sdng vi hp chiu anh phan ri }: The chg xd hdi quy dinh cdc cdch hudng bdi ede gid tri, chuan muc, hanh vi eua thuc, hdnh vi eua eon ngudi ttong dd cd Ifii ede nhom xa hpi mgng ludi quan he xd sdng Mdt xa hdi phdt trign, ddi sdng ddn chii hdi eiia ngudi edng nhan hda dupe ehiittpngtiiicdc ca nhdnttongxa hfii Cicyiu tdcda cpng ddng xi hpi phin anh dupe bao dam thi ed eahdi, dig'u kien phdt trign co ciu xahpi: Bdt ky xa hdi nao eung deu dupe ldi sdng lanh mgnhttongxa hdi dd Ngupe lai, cau tir cdc nhdm xa hdi Cdng nhdn ciing ngu xa hdi mdt dn dinh, eae gidtti,chudn mirc Id nhung vien cua cdc nhdm xa hdi, mdt ttong xa hpi khdng dupe dua vg mdt hg quy bd phdn cua eo edu xa hdi Cdc nhdm co ban chieu chung ciing tac ddng den Idi sdng ciia ddi ma edng nhdn tham gia dd Id gjafflnh,ddng hp, ngu cdng nhan va thudng mang tmhtigucue gjai cdp, ddn tde Ldi sdng eiia dpi ngu cdng Dd Id bdi canh cho su tdn tai va phdt trign cua nhdn chiu tac ddng mgnh me bdi ldi sdng cua ldi sdng thuc dung,ttpngvat chat cae thdnh vign ttong nhdm md hp tham gia Mot sd ham y ve chinh sach xay dung l^i Neu ede vien ttong nhdm the bien ldi sdng cua cdng nhan Vi^t Nam hifn sdngtiehcue thi se tdc dpng vd hinh ndn Trong digu kien nen kinh tg thi trudng, eac ldi sdngtichcue nang ddngttongcdng nhdn gid tri Unygn thdng, chudn mue xa hdi truygn Vi ttong qua ttmh tham gia sinh boat, thdng dang dan hi mai mdt Dgc biet la d cac LfLUAN CHfNH TRj-So 2/2016 m thi, eae khu cdng ngjiidp hidn nay, ldi sdng tu vd xay dung Idi sdng cho cdng nhdn ttong ca nhdn, thuc dung, thi trudng, toan tinh vdt digu kien CNH, HDH chat dang cd xu hudng Idn dt vd ehi phdi nhigu Ba li, phit huy vai trd cua cdng dong m hpi Xdy dung ldi sdng giai cap cdng nhdn ttong viec xiy dijmg ldi sdng cdng nhan Mdi ca dieu kign CNH, BDH vd hdi nhap qudc tg dang nhdn ndi chung va edng nhdn ndi rieng ludn la mdt ddi hdi cdp bdch ddi vdi ede cdp, cdc gdn bd ehat chg vdi cdng ddng, vdi td chiie Con nganh Dg cd nhiing ehinh sdch, giai phdp phii ngudi bao gid cung vdn Id bdn chdt eua tdt ed hpp dinh hudng va xay dung loi sdng Idnh nhiing td chiie xa hdi ay, nhung nhiing td chiie mgnh, bao ddm kgt ndi giiia gid tri tdt dep eiia Iai cung thg hien tinh phd bign bien thyc truygn thdng va cdc gid trj hien dai bdi eua eon ngirdi, dd ciing la cdi chung cua mpi eanh CNH, HDH va hdi nhdp qudc tg cdn thuc ngirdi Cac pham chat ldi sdng co bdn eua eon hien mdt tdt sd ndi dung cobdn sau: ngudi dirpe hinh thdnh ttong td ehiic, Mdt la, xiy dung mang ludi cac quan he0ua ttong cdng ddng xd hdi md cd nhdn sinh vd cic thinh viin 0a dinh, ddnghp Su chuygn Idn Ign Tuy nhign, hp trudng thdnh thi vdi ddi tii md hinh gia dinh truygn thdng sang gia vigc md rpng cac mdi quan he thi phgm vi vd dinh hien dgi dd anh hudng khdng nhd tdi cdc tinh chat eua td ehiic, cdng ddng cdng nhdn gia tri cua Idi sdng ttong mdi ngudi ndi eiing dupe md rpng Ngoai phgm vi noi chung vd edng nhdn ndiridng.Mat khde, gia ngudi cdng nhdn smh Idn len va cu tni thi dinh Id mdtttongbdn mdi trudng xa hOi hda co tinh cpng ddng cdn dupe thg hien d viec ngudi ban ciia m6i ngudi dd ed xa hdi hda cdng nhdn tham gia !am viee a cac mdi trudng vg mat Idi sdng Do dd, dg xdy dung ldi sdng xa hdi, phgm vi gigptiepva thue hien cae quan cdng nhdnttongdigu kign CNH, HDH cdn xdy hg xd hdi ciia minh Do dd, phdt huy vai ttd dung gia dinh Id mdi trudng tdtttongvige Mnh ch^ dao, chii ddng vd tieh cue ciia epng ddng xd hdi ttong viee hinh vd xdy dung Idi thdnh Idi sdng ciia giai cdp edng nhdn Haila, mydungmdi trudngmhdilanh manh sdng cho dpi ngu cdng nhan la mdt vdn dg rdt tai noi cu tru va noi lam viic, ting cudng 0ao quanttpngttongdieu kien hien n due y thiic phip luit cho cdng nhan.M.6itrumg Id mdtttongnhungygu td quanttpngttongviec hmh thdnh ldi sdng vd nhdn each sdng ciia mdi cd nhan cCuig nhu ciia dpi ngu cdng nhdn Mdi trudng smh boat, Idm vige tdt se gdp phdn ttong (1) Nguyin Van Huygn "Ldi sdng ngudi Viet Nam viee hmh thdnh cdch sdng dep eua dpi ngu cdng dudi tSc ddng cda toan cdu hda hi$n nay" Tap chi nhan Mdi trudng xa hdi Idnh manh gdn lign vdi Trigt hpcl2/2003 bieu lye hogt ddng eua cdc nhdm xa hdi bdng hg (2) To Duy Hop - Nguygn Thi Thu Hodi, De tdi thdng ede gidtiichudn muc eua nhdm ddi hdi KX.03.14/06-10: Bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van cdc thdnh vignttongnhdm phdi thue hi^n mdt hda tmygn thdng Vigt Namttongddi moi va hgi cdeh T^higmtiic.Can tdng cudng xdy dung Idi nhdp, Chuyen dl: Mdi quan he cpng ddng/ cd nhan sdng, y thiie Idm viec cho edng nhdn theo Hign - cac gia tri truygn thdng va nhiing thdch thuc tnroc phdp vd phdp luat Thdng qua dg hinh didnh xa hoi hien dai LYLUAN CHINH TRj-So 2/2016