Câu hỏi ôn TN môn NGỮ ÂM Câu 1 What is a vowel? Name two large groups of vowels, which are classified on the basis of stability of articulation Give examples of each of the two TL A vowel is a speech.
Câu hỏi ôn TN môn NGỮ ÂM Câu 1: What is a vowel? Name two large groups of vowels, which are classified on the basis of stability of articulation Give examples of each of the two TL: - A vowel is a speech sound When we produce it, there is no obstruction to the airstream as it passes from the larynx to the lips - Two large groups of vowels are Monothongs and Diphthongs - The monothongs are classified on the basis of stability of articulation because the organs of speech remain unchanged during the process of pronunciation - Eg: + Monothongs: /i:/ meet, beat /u:/ food, tool + Diphthongs: /əʊ/ show, grow /eɪ/ they, may Câu 2: What is the difference between Monothongs and Diphthongs Give examples? TL: Monothongs Diphthongs pure vowel sounds complex vowels sounds consisting of two vowel elements When we pronounce them, the organs of pronunciation When we pronounce them, the organs of speech glide to the second sound Eg:… Eg:… speech remain unchanged during the process of Câu 3: On what basis can vowels be classified as front, central or back vowels? For each classification, give some examples TL: - Vowels can be classified as front, central or back vowels on The highest part of the tongue + Front (the front of the tongue is the highest point.) Eg: /i:/ (tea), /ɪ/ (pitch); /æ/ (ant); /e/ (end) + Central (the middle of the tongue is the highest point) Eg: /ə/ (and); /ɜ:/ (firts); /ʌ/ (mother) + Back: the back of the tongue is the highest point Eg: /u:/ (bloom), /ʊ/ (book); /ɔ:/ (short); /ɒ/ (on, dog); /ɑ:/ (father) Câu 4: What is a consonant? What are criteria for classification of consonants ? TL: A consonant is a speech sound When we pronounce it, the organs of speech always form the obstructions, the airstream is stopped before going out The pronunciation is with or without the vibration of the vocal folds Criteria for classification of consonants: • Voicing • Place of articulation • Manner of articulation • The state of the soft palate (velum) Câu 5: What does “manner of articulation” refer to? Describe in brief the manner of articulation in producing stops and affricates Give one or two examples of each TL: Manner of articulation: Refers to how the airstream is blocked and released - Stop/plosive (/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/): the airstream is COMPLETELY STOPPED & SUDDENLY RELEASED Eg: pot /p/ - Affricate (/ tʃ/; /dʒ/): the airstream is COMPLETELY STOPPED & GRADUALLY RELEASED Eg: jam /dʒ/ Câu 6: What does “manner of articulation” refer to? Describe in brief the manner of articulation in producing stops and fricative Give one or two examples of each TL: Manner of articulation: Refers to how the airstream is blocked and released - Stop/plosive [/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/]: the airstream is COMPLETELY STOPPED & SUDDENLY RELEASED Eg: top /t/, add /d/ - Fricative [/f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /θ/; /ð/, / ʃ/; /ʒ/; /h/]: the airstream is PARTIALLY STOPPED & GRADUALLY RELEASED Eg: five /f/, they /ð/ Câu 7: What is the difference between Vowels and Consnants Give examples? TL: Consonants Vowels The obstruction to the airstream The airstream is blocked before going out No obstruction to the airstream The state of the vocal cords With or without the vibration of the vocal cords ALWAYS with the vibration of the vocal cords Eg: Câu 8: Can you give a general definition of assimilation? Under which circumstances does assimilation often happen? Transcribe and add assimilation meat ball / / good guy / / green grass / / TL: • Assimilation is considered as a phonetic process in which one sound is changed to become resemble or identical with the neighbouring (adjacent) sound • Assimilation often happen when we are speaking fast in casual speech, [and assimilation affects cosonants] • Transcribe and add assimilation … Câu 9: The phrase “that picture” is often pronounced as /ðæp pɪktʃə/ in fast and casual speech Explain the principle for the change from /t/ into /p/ in the word that” TL: That principe is assimilation (Regressive assimilation) Sound /t/ has distinctive features: voiceless, alveolar, plosive, oral When it is pronounced in fast and casual speech in the the phrase “that picture”, the following sound /p/ (bilabial) assimilates the preceding sound /t/ (alveolar) /t/ is changed to become a new sound having distinctive features: voiceless, bilabial, plosive, oral That is /p/ sound Câu 10: How can you define elision? Give examples of elision TL: The missing of a sound when we are speaking quickly and by the influence of the surrounding sounds is called elision e.g: - police /p'li:s/ (Loss of weak vowels after /p/; /t/; /k/) - first kiss /fɜ:skɪs/ (Avoidance of complex consonant cluster) Câu 11: What is the liaison in English? State the types of liaison and give examples of each type TL: The linking between the final sound of a word and the initial sound of the following words for the convenience of speaking is called liaison Types of liaison: Link consonants with vowels (liaison/juncture): When a word ends in a consonant sound, we often move the consonant sound to the beginning of the next word if it starts with a vowel sound E.g.: kick off /kɪ.kɒf/ Link vowels with vowels: - Intrusive /r/: (happens after /ɑː ɔː ə/) E.g.: far away /fɑː əweɪ/ /fɑːrəweɪ/ - If the first word ends with /i:/ or /ɪ/, we can use /j/ to link it with the initial vowel of the next word E.g.: the end - /ði:jend/ - When the words end with /u:/ or /ʊ/ and the next word starts with a vowel, /w/ is used to link E.g.: blue eyes - /blu:waɪz/, Câu 12: Indentify and describe the consonants sounds in the underlined part of each of the following words: Words Consonant Voicing Place of articulation Manner of articulation exaggerate vague wasp cliché refuse (noun) bouquet Câu 13: Complete the transcriptions of the following words with the missing consonants: Word Transcription Đ/a husband /ˈhʌ_ bənd/ z doubt /daʊ_/ t asthma /ˈæ_mə/ s exotic /ɪ_ˈ_ɒtɪk/ kz bronchitis /brɒ_ˈkaɪtɪs/ Ŋ gigantic /_aɪˈɡæntɪk/ dʒ mustache /məˈstɑː_/ ʃ basic /ˈbeɪ_ɪk/ s schedule /ˈ_edjuːl/ ʃ 10 language /ˈlæŋɡwɪ / dʒ Câu 14: Find one word that… begins with a voiced alveolar stop: Day, dog, data contains a palatal approximant: Yes, young, yogurt ends with a voiceless dental fricative: Tooth, death, month, myth contains a velar nasal: Sing, song, long begins with a voiceless glottal Hat, hot, hang, humid fricative: Câu 15: State the differences in the underlined sounds in the following pairs of words: No Pairs Differences car – sky help – clap stopped – span cream – rose Devoiced - Voiced learn – wealth Alveolar – Dentalized tenth – mitten Dentalized - Syllabic Aspirated – unaspirated Voiced – Devoiced Unexploded - unaspirated Câu 16: Choose the words that begin with a velar consonant: knot lot hot got cot pot Câu 17: Choose the words that contain voiced bilabial plosive: beard climb comb tumb pub lamb Câu 18: Copy to your test paper the word that a contains a dipthong: (có nguyên âm đôi) A City B Cry C Key D Silly b contains an affricate (có âm tắc sát) A Measure B Pleasure C Pledge D Garage c contains a lenis middle fricative consonant (có phụ âm hữu thanh, sát, vị trí giữa) A Houses B Busses C Horses D Boxes d begins with a central vowel A Union B Ink C Old e ends with a bilabial nasal (kết thúc âm mũi, âm môi) A Interesting B Climb C Span D Onion D Spain Câu 19: What is/ are the distinctive feature(s) between /l/ and /n/? TL: /l/ /n/ Voicing Voiced Voiced Place of articulation Aveolar Alveolar Manner of articulation Lateral Nasal State of velum Oral Nasal They are diferent in… Câu 20: What is/are the distinctive feature(s) between /v/ and /s/? TL: /v/ /s/ Voicing Voiced Voiceless Place of articulation Labio-dental Alveolar Manner of articulation Fricative Fricative State of velum Oral Oral /v/ and /s/ distinguish one from other in…/ differ from each other in… ... unaspirated Câu 16: Choose the words that begin with a velar consonant: knot lot hot got cot pot Câu 17: Choose the words that contain voiced bilabial plosive: beard climb comb tumb pub lamb Câu 18:... dipthong: (có ngun âm đơi) A City B Cry C Key D Silly b contains an affricate (có âm tắc sát) A Measure B Pleasure C Pledge D Garage c contains a lenis middle fricative consonant (có phụ âm hữu thanh,... vowel A Union B Ink C Old e ends with a bilabial nasal (kết thúc âm mũi, âm môi) A Interesting B Climb C Span D Onion D Spain Câu 19: What is/ are the distinctive feature(s) between /l/ and /n/?