tiếp cận cdio và đào tạo nguồn nhân lực đáp ứng nhu cầu của xã hội

Tgp chi khoa hpc TrUdng Dgi hpc Quy Nhan - Sd2, T4p VIII ndm 2014 TIEP C^N CDIO VA VAN DE DAO TAG NGUON NHAN L^C DAP ifNG NHU CAU CUA XA HQI NGUYEN LE HA' l.DATVANDE Ddo tao ddpffngnhu clu cua xd hdi Id ydu cau cap thidt cua gido due Viet Nam hien Chinh phu, Bd Gido due vd Dao tao da cd nhilu Hpi nghi d miln: Bde, Trung, Nam de trien khai chff trffdng ddo tao dapffngnhu cau xa hdi Trong thdi dai kinh td tri thffe, de dapffngnhu can xd hdi, thd he tre Viet Nam can cd tff sang tao de bidn nhffng bieu bidt cOa minh thdnh hien thffe cude sdng Mdt nhffng giai phdp dd ddpffngddo tao theo nhu eau xa hdi la xay dffng chuan dau vd chffdng trinh ddo tao phd hdp Tidp can CDIO Id mdt hffdng phat trien chffdng trinh nhdm gidi quydt cd tinh khoa hpc vd kha thi vl vdn dl ndy Bdi bdo gidi thi§u vl CDIO vd neu nhffng vd'n dl CDIO cd thi ddpffngydu clu ddo tao ngudn nhdn Iffc ddp ffng nhu clu xd hdi Gidl THIEU KHAI QUAT CDIO 2.L Xua't xtf CDIO CDIO la vidt tat cum tff tidng Anh: Conceive (hinh tiianh y trfdng), Design (tiudt kd), Implement (trien khai), Operate (van hdnh), nhffng van de xuat phat tff ^ tffdng cua khdi ngdnh ki thudt thupc hirdng dai hpe, hpc vien: Dai hpc cdng nghe Chalmers d Goteborg, Hpc vien cdng nghd Hodng gia d Stockholm, Dai hpc Linkoping d Linkoping (Thuy Diln), Hpc vien cdng nghe Massachusetts (Hoa Ki) vao nh^g nam 1990 CDIO la mOt de xffdng qudc td dl ddpffngnhu clu mdi ciia cdc doanh nghiep va cdc ben lien quan khde trdn toan thd gidi nham ndng cao kha nang eua sinh vi6n tiep tiiu cdc kidn tiiffc ed ban, ddng thdi day manh cdc ki nang ed nhdn, ki ndng giaotiep,ki nang kidn tao sdn ph^m, qui trinh vd he thdng, tffe la CDIO giiip sinh vien hpe tap mdt cdch todn dien, phdt trien cdc "kl ndng effng" va "ki nang mem" CDIO Id mdt qui trinh ddo tao chuan, la hd ±dng phffdng phdp phat triln chffdng trinh ddo tao ki sff Md hinh CDIO gan kdt ed sd dao tao vdi yeu cau cua nhd tuyin dung, thu hep khodng cdch giffa ddo tao d nhd trtfdng va sff dung ngudn nhdn Itfc ngodi xa hpi CDIO Id mpt ehtfdng trinh ed tinh qudc td, hien dd cd hdn 50 trtfdng dai hpc d 25 NGUYEN Lfe HA- nirdc nghign cffu ap dung Nam 2009, S Viet Nam Bai hoc Quo'c gia Ha N6i, Dai hoc Qu6'c gia Thanh Ho CM Mmh bat dau nghi6n cffu ap dung cho mot so nganh d cac trffdng vien Mpt so trffdng khac d nffde ta cung bffdc diu nghien cffu ap dung tffng phan cua CDIO Sd dffdi day trien khai each tie'p can cua phffdng phap CDIO: Day nhu th6 nao Thong le tStuhat * _ TIEU CHUAN J ~ Day cai gi BOI CANH CDIO Khao sat cac \ bfin liSnquani DECirONG CDIO Thiet kg lai cac mon hpc I vachirangtrinhj • — " ^ ^ Chucmg triiJi dao tao co cap banglu|nco j ~ ^ Doi sanh cac I phucmg phap^ •' day va hoc — J Xac dinh chuan dau ^ Doi sanh cac ki nang Tieu chi kiem dinh Sddo Triin khai phuang phdp tiip can CDIO 2.2 Cac tidu chudn CDIO De xffdng CDIO dtfa 12 tieu chuan md ta ehtfdng trinh CDIO nhff sau [3]: * Tieu chuan 1: Bd'i canh Tieu chuan ndy xuat phat tff nguyen li, viee phdt trien va tri^n khai vdng ddi cua san phim, qui trinh vd he thdng hinh y tffdng, thidt kd, tridn khai, vdn hdnh la bdi canh gido due ki thuat * Tieu chuin 2: Chudn dSu Chuan dau ehi tidt, eu the dd'i vdi nhffng ki ndng cd nhan vd giao tidp, ki ndng kidn tao san pham, qui trinh, he thd'ng cung nhff kidn thffc chuyen mdn phdi nhd't quan vdi cac muc tieu chffdng trinh va dffdc phd ehuin bdi cde ben lien quan cffa chrfdng trinh * Tieu chud'n 3: Chffdng trinh dao tgo tich h^p Chffdng trinh dffdc thiet kd cho ede kidn thffe ehuyen ngdnh hd trd lan nhau, cd mdt kd hoach ro rang viec tich hdp cdc ki ndng cd nhan vd giao tidp, ki nang kidn tao san pham, qui trinh vd he thdng * Tidu chuan 4: Gidi thi^u ve kT thu^t Mdn hpc gidi tiiieu mang lai khung chffdng trinh cho thrfc hanh ki thuat TIEP CAN CDIO VA VAN pfe PAO TAP NGU6N NHAN LUC 109 viec kien tao san pham, qui trinh, hd thdng vd gidi thieu cdc kl ndng cd nhdn vd giao tidp thidt ydu * Tieu chuan 5: Cac trai nghiem thiet lid-tridn khai Mdt ehtfdng trinh dao tao gdm it nhat hai trdi nghiem thidt kd-trien khai, bao gom mdt d trinh dp cd bdn vd mdt d trinh dp nang cao * Tieu chuin 6: Khdng giao lam vi$c ki thu^t Khdng gian 1dm viec ki thudt va ede phdng thi nghiem ho trd, khuydn khich hpc tap thtfe hdnh vide kidn tao san pham, qui trinh va hd thdng; kidn thffc chuyen ngdnh, kidn thffc xa hpi * Tieu chuan 7: Trai nghiem hpc t$p tich hdp Cdc tidi nghiem hpc t^p tich hdp dffa ddn viec tidp tiiu cac kidn thffc chuyen ngdnh, cung nhff cdc ki ndng cd nhan vd giao tidp, cde ki nang kien tao san phim, qui trinh vd hd thdng * Tidu ehuan 8: Hpc t$p chu dOng Gidng day vd hpc tdp dffa trdn phrfdng phdp hoe chu ddng vd trai nghidm * Tidu chuin 9: NSng cao nSng Itfc vl ki nang cua giang vien Cdc hdnh ddng nang cao nang Irfe cua gidng vien cdc ki ndng cd nhan vd giao tidp, cdc ki ndng kidn tao sdn pham, qui trinh vd he thdng * Tieu chuin 10: Ndng cao nang life \i giang d^y cua giang vidn Cde hdnh ddng nang eao ndng Itfc ciia giang vidn vide cung cap cdc trdi nghiem hpc tap tich hdp, vide sff dung ede phtfdng phdp hpc tdp trai nghiem, chu dpng vd ddnh gid hoc tdp cua sinh vien * Tidu chuan II: Danh gia vi$c hpc t^p Ddnh gid hpc tdp cua sinh vien ve ede ki ndng giao tidp, cdc ki ndng kidn tao sdn pham, qui trinh vd he thd'ng, ede kid'n thffc chuyen nganh * Tidu ehuan 12: Kidm dinh ehtfdng trinh Mdt hd thdng kiem dinh ehtfdng trinh theo 12tieuehuIn CDIO vd phan hoi ddn sinh vidn, gidng vidn, cdc ben Uen quan khde nham cai tidn hdn tuc cdc npi dung cua CDIO DAO TAO NGUON NHAN Ll/C THEO TIEP CAN CDIO 3.L X&y d\fng chudn diu Chuan dau ddi vdi nhffng ngdnh ki thuat ddo tao ki sff theo md hinh CDIO dtf^c xdy dffng dffa trdn khao sdt, nghidn cffu rat kl yeu cau thi trffdng dffdc th^ hi?n qua khdi kidn thffc, ki ndng sau: NGUYEN LE HA' a Kie'n thffc chuydn nganh vd lap ludn kl thuat (technical knowledge and reasoning) b Ki nang, thai dp cd nhdn vd nghe nghiep (professional and personal skills and attitudes) c Ki nang, thdi dp xa hpi (interpersonal skills and attitudes) d Kidn thffe, kl ndng CDIO bdi canh xa hdi vd doanh nghidp (CDIO m social and enterprise context) Nhdm kie'n thffe, ki ndng a, b, e lam nen tang cho nhdm kidn thffc, ki nang d Tffc Id sinh vien tdt nghidp se dat dtfdc C-D-I-0 (Hinh thdnh S ttfdng-Thidt kd-Trien khai-Vdn hdnh) Sau xdy dtfng xong ehuan dau ra, giang vien phai tieh hdp nd vao de ctfdng mdn hpc minh phu trdch De tiitfc hien vide xay dffng ehudn dau phai thtfe bien qua cde btfdc sau: - Phd bidn, tap hudn cho giang vidn vd cac ddi ttfdng hen quan ve chudn dau CDIO; - Giang vien tich hdp ehu^n diu vdo de ctfdng mdn hpc; - Thanh lap Hpi ddng nghiem thu de ctfdng mdn hpc; - Giang vidn hoan ehinh de ctfdng theo y kidn cda hdi ddng; - Hdi ddng nghidm thu, phe duyet dl erfdng 3.2 X^y di^ng ehtfdng trinh dao tao Theo each tiep can CDIO, xay dtfng, phdt trien chrfdng trinh ddo tao phai tuan thd qui trinh mdt cdch chat che theo cdc bffdc: - Xay dffng chuan diu ra; - Thiet kd khung chffdng trinh; - Chuyen tai ehtfdng trinh ndy thtfe tidn; - Danh gid kdt qua hpc tap; - Ddnh gia toan bd ehtfdng trinh ddo tao De cffdng CDIO gom 12 tieu chuan, tuydn bd ve muc tidu cua ehtfdng tiinh thidt ke', dd dat muc tieu Nhffng tidu ehuan sau 12 tieu chi cua CDIO Id htfdng tdi muc tieu phdt trien gido due dai hpc: - Thidt kd ehtfdng trinh ddo tao tff can ban den nang cao; - Khdng gian hpe tap; - Ddnh gid ehtfdng uinh hpe; TifiPCANCDIOVA VAN DE DAO TAO N G U N NHAN LUC - Gi^o tiinh tich hdp; - Phtfdng ph^p day v^ hpc chu dpng Trong chffdng trinh dao tao CDIO, m6i mon hpc the hien chuan dau ra, do gdp phIn thffc hien chuin dau cfla to&n bp chffdng tiinh Sd 66 dffdi day la qui tiinh xay dffng chffdng trinh theo CDIO: va cac thay doi the che Sddo Mo hinh qud trinh thiet ke chitang tnnh ddo tao tich hap J Ti^p cSn CDIO dao t^o d^i hfc - Nhff da neu tren, CDIO la h6 thong phffdng phap phdt trien chffdng trinh dao tao ki sff, nhffng day la mpt qui trinh chu^n mang tinh qu^c te, cSn cff v^o d^u (outcome-based) He thdng phffdng phdp khong nhttng chi dp dung cho kh^i nginh ki thuSt tai cdn cd the md rdng cho cdc khoi nganh khac nhff: kinh te, khoa hpc tff nhien, vl CDIO co muc tigu la xay dffng he thong chffdng trinh dam bdo khung kien thffc cd bdn vd gido due cac ki nang cho sinh vien - CDIO thffc chat la giai phap ndng cao cha't Iffdng dao tao, dapffngyeu cau xa hpi vi nd drfa tren cd sd xdc dinh chuan diu gom co nhieu phan tham gia: doanh nghidp, cffu sinh vien, giang vien, cdc ben lien quan de tren cd sd xdy dffng h^ th^ng chffdng trinh cd tinh tich hdp - Xdy dirng chffdng trinh theo mo hinh CDIO Id xay dffng chffdng trinh todn dien, sinh vi6n cin d?t khoi kl ndng, ki^n thffc (kien thffc chuyen ngdnh vd ldp ludn k! thujt-kl ndng, thdi dd cd nhan vd nghe nghiep-ki ndng, thdi dd xa hpi-kie'n ±ffc, kl ndng CDIO bdi canh xd hpi vd doanh nghiep) qui trinh hpc tap vd phdt NGUYEN Lfe HA' tridn cdc kidn thffe, ki ndng dd sinh vien tdt nghidp trtfdng Cdc kl nang effng va ki nang mdm giup cho sinh vien dap ting yeu cau cda xa hpi, bat nhip vdi nhffng thay ddi nhanh chdng cffa ddi sdng xa hpi, sinh vidn cd the 1dm chff ban thdn minh - Sff dung cdc pbffdng phap cua CDIO cho ta mdt hffdng din rd rdng ve quan Ii ddo tao dai hoc: + Phdt tri^n chffdng trinh ddo tao; + Phdt trien dpi ngu giang vidn cha't Itfdng eao; + Nang eao trinh dd giang day cua giang vidn; + Can nhd trtfdng vdi doanh nghidp; + Xdy dtfng phffdng phap hpc tap, lam vide nhdm, giao tidp xa hpi cho sinh vien 3.4 CDIO va vdn de dao t^o ngudn nhdn Itfc dap vlng nhu c^u xa h^i Thd kl XXI Id thd ki cffa kinh td tri thffc vd xa hdi thdng tin Ngudn nhdn Itfc chd't Itfdng cao Id ydu td cd ban de thffc hien edng phat tridn kinh td-xd hpi cua nffde ta Van de dang dat eho gido due dai hpe Vidt Nam Id ddo tao dff ve sd Itfdng va dam bao vl chdt Itfdng ngudn nhdn Itfc cho stf nghidp cdng nghiep hda-hien dai hda cffa ntfdc ta tiong thdi ki hdi nh^ip vd phdt trien Viec xay dtfng chrfdng trinh ddo tao dai hpc, eao dang truyen thd'ng eua ntfdc ta trrfde ddy thffdng dtfdc thtfe hidn theo thff tff cdc bffdc: - Xdy drfng muc tieu ddo tao; - Xdy drfng ndi dung chrfdng tnnh; - Xac dinh ehu^n d^u Cdch xay dtfng ehtfdng trinh dan tdi dao tao sinh vidn khdng sdt vdi nhu cau xa hdi sd Itfdng sinh vien ddo tao nhieu, nhmig cdc doanh nghiep, nhd tuyen dung thtfdng ddnh gid Id ndng Itfc ydu Doanh nghidp, ede nha tuyen dung khdng tuyen dung sinh vien tdt nghiep bode tuyen dung nhulig phdi ddo tao lai CDIO cd the dem lai giai phdp dd thdo gd khd khdn trdn Yeu clu cd ban cua CDIO la: Ddo tao cdc ki srf cd the hinh f ttfdng, thidt kd, thtfe hidn, vdn hdnh he thdng Muc tidu cffa CDIO la ddo tao cae ki srf nam vffng kidn tiiffc, tao cde sdn pham theo qui trinh vd he thdng, hieu dtfdc vai trd cffa nghien cffu vd phdt trien edng nghe Tren ed sd dd, CDIO dffa cdc tieu chuan CDIO, thtfe chat Id cdc tuydn bd chi tidt ve muc tidu ddo tao ki stf: Cd kidn thffc ve ki thu^t; Ki ndng nghe nghiep vd edc ph^m chat ed nhan; Ki ndng giao tidp va thdi dp xd hdi; Dtfa vdo khao sdt cdc bdn Uen quan de xdy dtfng chu^n diu ra, xay dtfng ehtfdng trinh cd tinh chdt tich hdp Ngodi cdc ydu td tidn, CDIO rat chff trpng xay dtfng mdi trtfdng ki thuat dd cho sinh TIJP CAN CDIO VA VAN PE PAO TAP NGUON N H A N LUC vien cd trai nghidm 1dm vide, xdy dtfng phrfdng phdp hpe tdp, phrfdng phdp kiem tra, ddnh gid vd bdi dtfdng giang vien Vdi vide bdm sdt thtfe tidn xd hdi vd gido due, md hinh CDIO la md hinh ddo tao dap ffng nhu cau xa hdi hidu qua Md hinh ed the vgn dung de phdt trien cde ehtfdng trinh ddo tao ki thuat ndi rieng, chffdng trinh ddo tao cdc khdi ngdnh khde ndi chung d ntfdc ta KET LUAN Dao tao ngudn nhdn Itfc ddp ffng nhu cau xa hdi Id mdt nhffng van de dang dtfde ngdnh gido due va xa hdi quan tdm Doi mdi phdt trien ehtfdng trinh ddo tao la mdt ndi dung eIn dtfdc quan tdm CDIO Id mot kieu phdt tridn ehtfdng trinh dao tao tien tidn dang dtfde nhieu trffdng dai hpe trdn thd gidi dp dung Vi vdy tidp can xdy dtfng ehtfdng trinh theo CDIO xuat phdt tff thtfe tiin dd xdy dtfng ehuan d i u ra, vd xay dtfng ndi dung ehtfdng trinh mang tinh tich hdp, nen vide ddo tao theo CDIO dap ffng dffdc stf mong chd cua xa hpi Nghidn cffu dd tffng bffdc dp dung CDIO d edc trffdng dai hpc, cao dang d nffde ta Id rat can thidt Tuy nhien CDIO la mdt md hinh mdi d Vidt Nam, dd dp dung dtfde vd'n dd ndy trrfdc hdt can nghien cffu ki dd tham nhuan ttf tffdng ci3a CDIO; Ben canh dd cung can phai chuin bi cdc dieu kien c i n thidt ve ed sd v4t chat, trinh dd cffa ddi ngu giang vidn, chuyen vidn, sinh vidn, cac ehtfdng trinh ddo tao da cd cda nhd trffdng, mdi cd thd ddp ffng cdc ydu c l u cua he thdng phdt tridn ehtfdng trinh ddo tao CDIO Id md hinh rat nghiem ngdt, vi vay tridn khai phdi cd srf quydt tdm, dong thudn nha trtfdng de dp dung thdnh cdng CDIO TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Bo gido due va Dao tao, Tdi lieu Hdi nghi CDIO todn qudc, D?i hpc Qudc gia TP Hd Chi Minh, (2012) [2] Ld Hodi Bde, Cdc hoat dpng ho tra gan kit vdi doanh nghidp qud trinh trien khai [3] Hd Tdn Nhirt, Dodn Thi Minh Trinh, Cdi cdch vd xdy dung chuang trinh ddo tao ki thudt theo phuang phdp tiip can CDIO, Nxb Dai hpc qudc gia TP Ho Chi Minh, (2010) CDIO, Tdi heu H6i nghi CDIO todn qudc, Dai hpc Qudc gia TP Hd Chi Minh, (2012) NGUYEN Lfe HASUMMARY CDIO APPROACH AND HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINING TO MEET THE SOCIETY DEMAND Nguyen Le Ha As training to meet the demand of the society is an urgent need for tertiary education in Vietaam nowadays, there needs to be a specific approach to develop such tertiary training programs CDIO approach is a feasible way of developing tertiary training programs, aiming at building new or developing existing ones in the direction of training to meet the society demand This paper introduces CDIO and explains the reasons why CDIO is considered to be a necessary approach for developing tertiary training programs ^Ph6ng Dao tao va Quan Ii sinh vien, TnTdng Dai hpc Quang Trung Ng^y nhan b^i: 07/11/2013; Ngay nhtn dang: 25/3/2014  ... cua CDIO Sd dffdi day trien khai each tie''p can cua phffdng phap CDIO: Day nhu th6 nao Thong le tStuhat * _ TIEU CHUAN J ~ Day cai gi BOI CANH CDIO Khao sat cac \ bfin liSnquani DECirONG CDIO. .. Tieu chi kiem dinh Sddo Triin khai phuang phdp tiip can CDIO 2.2 Cac tidu chudn CDIO De xffdng CDIO dtfa 12 tieu chuan md ta ehtfdng trinh CDIO nhff sau [3]: * Tieu chuan 1: Bd''i canh Tieu chuan... phuang phdp tiip can CDIO, Nxb Dai hpc qudc gia TP Ho Chi Minh, (2010) CDIO, Tdi heu H6i nghi CDIO todn qudc, Dai hpc Qudc gia TP Hd Chi Minh, (2012) NGUYEN Lfe HASUMMARY CDIO APPROACH AND HUMAN