CHMMii e u a BUC Tifp CAN CDIO TRONG XAY DIMG CHUDNG TRINH DAD TAO UEN THONG NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LOUNG DAO TAO DAP ONG NHU CAO XAHOI TS P H A M HOU LOC" Abstract CDIO model was applied in universities[.]
CHMMii e u a BUC Tifp CAN CDIO TRONG XAY DIMG CHUDNG TRINH DAD TAO UEN THONG NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LOUNG DAO TAO DAP ONG NHU CAO XAHOI TS P H A M HOU LOC" Abstract: CDIO model was applied in universities of the world and started in Vietnam to improve the quality of training adapted in the context of international integration The study of reforming a transfer training program in CDIO approach in higher education is needed for the colleges to reform the schools to meet the new demands on human resources in industrialization and modemization of the country C DIO (Conceive Design Implement Operate eua eac trudng dai hpc quatrinh DTLT;+Nang - Hinh y tudn^ - Thiet ke - Trien khai - cao chatlupng OT va vaittoquan li nha nudc cua Bp Van hanh) la he tfidng eac phuong phap va GD-DT; + Gial tda ap lUe tam Iicua mdt phan khdng hinh thde tieh luy tri thiic, kTnang (KN) viec dao nhd cac gia dinh va hpc sinh van quan niem "dai tao (DT) sinh vien (S V) dedap Qng yeu cau eua doanh hpc la eon dudng nhat de phat ttien sunghiep" nghiep va xahpi Trong bcH canh GD-DT ttieo nhu cau Trong dd, muc tieu bao tnim cija OTLT la DT luc cua xa hpi hien nay, hpe tap suotddi da trdthanh nhan luong lao dpng ehat lupnp cao, da dang va hieu qua td'quan trpng ddl vdi suphat ttien KT-XH, thi viee t i ^ dedap dng ddl hdi cua nen kinhte dang phattrien can CDIO ed the xem ia gial phap tong the tren co sd 1.2 Cac hinh thuc dao tao lien thong: xae dinh "ehuan dau ra" (COR) de ttiiet ke chuong • Lien thong dgc (Vertical Articulatton): chuyen tu' ttinh vaphuangiphapOT tfieo mdtquyttlnh khoa hpc, bac hpc th£^ len bae hpc cao han cung mot tao nen tang de den nam 2020 nude ta co ban ttianh nganh hpc (day la hinh thQe ttiuan Ipi nhat, de ttien nude cdng n g h l ^ hda ttieo hudng hien dai khai va cd tinh he ttiong); tgo dieu kien eho ngudi lao ddng khdng ngQng nang cao trinh dpva hpc tap suot Lien thong va dao tao lien thong (DTLT) ddi nham tien len tdi "dinh cao" nghe nghiep Chang 1.1 Khai nipm: -Lien tfjonpla su"ghep nd'r cua hai hoac nhieu he hgn, tt> tmng hpc chuyen nghiep len eao ding, td ttidng giao dye mpt cdng dong ttvdng hpe de tmng hpc ehuyen nghiep len dai hoc, tdcao ding len giup SV chuyen de dangttJrmptbgc hpc tdi mdt dai hpc ttong cung mpt nganh hpc bac hpc khac ma khdng phai hpc IEU hoac mat tin chi - Lien ffiong ngang (Horizontal Articulation): Ben cgnh dd, cho phep S V dgt dupc trinh dp KN eao chuyen ttong cung bgc hpc de edtfiehpe ttiem nhflng hon sau hoan tat khda hpe nganh tt/ong tt/ hoae kliac nganh VI du, hpc van -DTLTla (}ua trinh DT dupe phep cdng nhgn va chuyin ddl ketqua hpc tap tumptbac hpc tdl mpt hay vai bac hpc khae ttong he thd'ng DT nhim tiet kiem ttidi gian va chl phiOT DTLT cd uu diem: + Nang cao hieu qua DT nhd giam thdi gian DT lai nhung kien thQe va KN ngudi hoc dadupe DT dcac bac hpe ttudc; + Dap dng nhu cau hpe tap suot ddi cua ngudi hpc va ddi hoi cua thi tafdng lao ddng; + Tao dieu kien phan luong eho hoe sinh sau trung hpc co sdva nang^eao v j tri eua tafdng frung hpc chuyen nghiep, cao dang ttd ttianh dd'i tac Tqp chi Gido due so 367 bang dgi hpc sau da tot nghiep dai hpc -t/e/ilftdnyc/;eo(Diagonal Articulation): chuyen sang bac hpc khac vdi chuyen nganh dao tao khong gid'ng bac hpc trudc Vi du, hpc van bingtfigcsTQuan &ikinh doanh sau da tdt nghiep dgi hpe khdn^ phai ehuyen nganh Ouanfr/A'/h/7£/oa/7/j(canhpc bo sung kie'n thdc mptsd'mon lipc chuyen ddl) •Lien thong nguct {Revered Ari\culator\):chuy&\ tu bac hpc eao han xud'ng bac hpe ttiap han de ren * Tnrcing Cao dang ki ttiuat ly Tif Trpng, TR H6 Chi Minh -(kil-10/2015) luyen nhung KN can tfii^(cdttiekhdng lien hevdi ehuyen mdn da hpc) Vi dy, danh cho ngudi co cap ttinh dpcao hon muon hpc d c ^ ttinh dp ttiap hon (da so ia chuyen doi nghe nghiep, nhu cau cap nhat, bo sung kiffi ttiuc cho nhung cdng viee ma ngudi hpc dang ttuc tiep dam ttach, hpc ttiem mpt nghe mdi de trang bi tfiem klentfiQc,nhim didang xin viee lam hon) COR cao cap, the hien nang lif then chotma mdt kTsu can phai sdhuu,ddla: +Kien th Qc CO ban va lap luan nganh; -i- KN, to chat ca nhan va nghe nghiep; + KN giaotie'pva lam viec theo nhdm; + Hinh ttianh C-D-l-O bdi eanh doanh nghiep va xa hdi - Tieu chuan CDIO la nhdng tieu chuan dung de hettidng hda cac nguyen t i e hudng dan ttiietk§'va phattii3iCDR,nhlm xac djnh eac tinh chat dac ttung cua mpt chuong trinh CDIO; ddng vai tto hudng d i n viee cai each va kiem djnh ehuang trinh giao due, tgo eae doi sanh va mye tieu dupc Qng dyng tr§n toan the gidi, tao mpt khung COR de cai tien lidn tiJC, gdm: + Tieuchuan 1:Boicanh.T\ep nhan nguyen li viec phattrien va trien khai chu trinh vdng ddi eua san pham, quytrinhva hethong hinh ytudng, thiet ke, trien khai va van hanh la bd'i canh giao due kTthuat; Xay dong CDR theo tiep can CDIO can 6aqc + r/ei;c/;uan^.'C£)RCORchitie't,cutheddjvdiKN nghien cdu cho loai hinh DTLT tten co sd xac djnh ca nhan va giao tie'p, KN xay dung san pham, quy COR va quy trinh xay dyng khoa hpc, hap li vdi su trinh, hettid'ng eung nhu kien thue ehuyen mon phai ddng gdp eija doanh nghiep, nham dap Qng nhu cau nhatquanvdieaemyctieu chuang trinh va dupe phe hpc tap nang cao trinh dp ti/Ong Qng vdi vjtri viee lam chuan bdi eae ben-lien quan eua ehuong trinh; + Tiiu chuan 3: CDR tich hop CDR dMc thiet ke vdi cac cua ngudi lao ddng theo xu the hpc tap sudt ddi mdn hpe chuyen nganh hd trp i l n nhau, cd mpt ke 2.1 De xudng CDIO gom cae npl dung cot Idi: hoach rd rang de ket hpp cac KN ca nhan va giao tep; tam^ nhin, muc tieu, de cuang CDIO va 12 tieu cac KN kien tgo san pham, quy trinh va he thd'ng; chuak do, de cuong CDIO la dilm xual phat + Tieu chuan 4: Gldl thieu vekJthuat Mdn hpc gidi cua vide thid't ke va phat trid'n CDR, la mot van ban thieu cung cap khung chung cho viec thuc hanh kT toan dien ve CDR tfiuattrong viec kien tgo san pham,quy ttinh, hetti ong; - Tam nhin CpiO:De xudng CDIO de xua't mdt gidlthieucacKN canhan vagiactiep can ttiiet; + Tieu nen giao due nhan mgnh nen tang coban bdl chuan 5: Cac trai nghiem thiet ke- trien khai M dt CO R canh hinh y tudng • thie't ke - trien khai - van bao gom it nhat hai trai nghiem thiet ke - trien khai hanh san pham, quy trinh va hethong, NhiJng diem (ttiudng la mdt d trinh dp co ban va mpt d trinh dp nd'i bat cua tam nhin CDIO la: + Giao due dua tten nang cao): + Tieu chuan 6: Khong gian lam vi$c ki cae myc tieu cua "chuang trinh hpe" va CDR;-)• COR tfjuaf Khdng gian lam viec kTthuat va cac phdng ttii cua SV dupc dap Qng b i n g viee xaydung mdt chuoi nghiem hdttx?, khuye'n khich hpc tap thuc hanh kinh nghiem hpe tap tich hpp, dd cd mptso kinh viec xaydung san pham,quy trinh, hetfiong.kioi tfiuc nghiem mang tinh trai nghiem; + Xay dung "chuoi chuyen nganh va kifen ttiuc xa hdi; + Tieuchuan 7:Cac kinh nghiem hpc tap" tiiich hop se tao tac dyng kep, trsjnghi&n hgc tap tich hep Cac ti'ai nghiem hpe tap vda OT cac KN vQa hd trp viec ITnh hpi chuyen sau tieh h p p d u a d ^ s u t i ^ t t i u cae kien thuc chuyen nganh han cac nen tang eo ban cung nhucacKNca nhan va giaotiep,KN kien tao san -Wt/cftei/.'Oe xudng CDIO cd muc tieu td'ng pham,quytrinhvahettid'ng; + r/euc/)ua?7ff.'Wpcc/)£y quat: N h i m DT nhijng V cd kha nang:+ N&m vung dong Day va hpc dua tren phuang phap hpc tSp chu klen thQc chuyen sau hon ve quy t i c co ban cua ki ddng va ttai nghiem; + Tieu chuan 9: Nang cao nang ttiugt; -I- Dan dau kiwi tao vavan hanh san pham, Ac i/e/CW cua giianpvK/JbDng eae KNea nhan vagiao quy ttinh va he thdng mdi; + Hieu dupc tam quan ti^,xaydyngsanpham,quytrinhvahetfidng; + rft9u hpng va tac ddng chien lupc cua nghien edu va phat chuan 10: Nang cao nang luc gsng day cua giang viin tnen kTttiuat dd'i vdi xahdi tiong viec cung cap caettainghiem hpc tap fich hpp, sd MuctiSu cu thecua de xudng CDIO la "Xay dyng dung cac phuang ph£p hpe tap ehudpngvattainghiem, mpt to'hppmuc tieu hpp li,hoan chinh,tfldng dyng va danh gia hpe tap cija S V; + Tieu chuan 11: Banh gia cottie kliaiquathdachogiao dye kTttiugf Cac muc M©?/ipc^cu3SWecac KN canhan vagiaotiep, kien DT theo tiep can CDIO CDIO xuat phat ttJrytt/dng eua cac khdi nganh kT ttiugt ttiupc trudng dgi hpe, hpe vien Idn tren thegidi vao nhi/ng nam 90 eua theki XX, nham dap ung nhu cau cua eac doanh nghiep va cac ben lien quan khac viee nang cao kha nang cua SV tie'p thu eac kien thQc co ban; dong tfidi, day manh viec hpc cac KN ca nhan, giao tiep, kien tao san pham, quy ttinh va hethong tieu chinh la nhQng CDR dupe phan tfianh (ki 1-10/2015)- Tqp chi Gido dye so 367 taosanpham,quyfrinhvahetfi6ng eung nhukiwi tfiuc h o c l o CDR va "de cuong mdn hpc" (DCMH) vdi chuyen nganh; + THuchu^ 12:Ki&v dinhchi/ang n h n vu trang bi kien Ihuc, KN va pham chat dao |e1ich hpp tao nen COR cua nganh OT; COR trinh Xay dung he tfiong de kiem dinh chuong frinh I tiieo 12 tieu ehuai vacung cap phan hoi den SV, jsu'dyng de lam co sdlhiet ke, dieu chinh CTDT, giang vien vacac ben lien quan khae eho mue dinh cai Tre thuc thi CTDT va danh gia ket qua OT, tie'n lien tiJC | z Hoan chinh CTDT cac nganh dap ung 2.2 Phuang phap ti^ can CDIO OT theo tie'p can CDIO manp Igi nhung lpi ich: Gan ket dupc ea sdOT vdi yeu cau cua ngud^ tuyen dyng lao ddng, td do, thu hep khoang each gida DT cua nhatrudng va yeu cau cua nha sddung lao dpng; giiip ngudi hpc phattrien toan dien vdi cac "KN cdng" va "KN mem" de nhanh chdng ttiich ung vdi mdi trudng lam viec ludn thay doi; giup nhattxfdng xay dyng va thiet ke eae CDR theo mpt quy ttinh chuan; qua ttinh DT cdtinh lien ttidng va g i n ket khoa hpc chat che; gan phattiien CDR vdi ehuyen tai va danh gia hieu qua GD-DT, gdp phan nang cao chat lupng cua nha ttudng TOT dirpc hoan thien theo each tiep can CDIO J O T tich hpp va trai nghiem nham OT SV toan dien pa vekien thuc chuyen mon, KN vapham chat ^ H A u c , dac biet, nhan manh nang lire dng dung ^ ^ H i a n h v a y t h u c trach nhiem xa hgi; dam bao cho ^ ^ L c f c hpc tap chu dpng va trai nghiem thuc tien ^ ^ y ; T D T phai bao dam tinh hien dai cua kien thdc, ^ ^ f t h d i , tang cudng tinh ung dung,ttiuc tien, CTDT can mem deo, lmh hoat, de lap ghep detao dieu kien ccf td chdc OT va giup SV cd co hoi hudng IOC tap cua minh theo kha nang vanhu cau xahpi, dl dung tich hpp cua CTDT gom: + Myc tieu Xay dung c h i r a n g trinh DTLT theo djnh TDT dupc tich hop bang ket qua dat dupc cua hudng tiep can CDIO (xem hinh 1) dn hpc va tung khoi kien thuc; + Gac khdi kien 'acac mdn hpc cosulien quan chat che, hotro, Ing lan dedat muc lieu cua CTDT; + Ren KN dupc dan xen qua trlnh hoc tap Ihong ac mdn hoc chuyen mon va nhdng hoat dong khoa; + CTOT tich hpp duac minh hoa qua Idoi chung sir dong gop cua timg mon hpc va cac long hd trp khac vao viec thuc hien cac noi dung Hinh Xay dung chuong trinh DTLT CDR cua CTOT, ffieo hi/dng tiep can CDIO ^ ^ R T O T trai nghiem nham ren luyen cac kien tiidc, Theohudngtie'pcan CDIO, khixaydung ehuang ^ ^ K pham chat dao due cua SV thdng qua thuc trinh dao tao (CTDT) phai xay dung COR, thie't ke hanh, thuc te hoac nhung tinh hudng tuang tu khung ehuang frinh va each chuye'n tai ndtrong ttiuc '(md phong, bai tap Idn, an mdn hpc, thuc tidn.Thiet keCTDT tdcan ban den nang cao, khdng cte, nghien cuu khoa hpc, luan van tdtnghiep gian hpc tap, danh gia ehuang ttinh hpc, giao trinh npl dung cd the long vao mon hpc dudi ti'ch hpp,phuong phap dgy vahpe ehu dpng , chuong dang mdtphan cua mdn hpc hoac mpt hpc phan rieng - ^ O R vaDCMH CTDT: + CDR cua mon trinh dupc ttiiet ke tten c a s d khao sat kTyeu eau thue texa hpi ma nha hjyen dyng lao ddng ddi hdi, SV tdt h p c p e hien su dap ung cua mdn hpc ddi vdi COR nghiep ttifdng tfiich nghi kip ttidi vdi mdi trudng cija J T O T va gdp phan hd tro kien thuc cho cac mon hoc khac cua CTOT; + OCM H the hien npi dung chi lam viec mdi Quy trinhtfiUchien xay dung CTDT theo phuang tietmon hpc, each thdc giang - hpc de dat COR, each thQe kiem tra, danh gia mdn hpc va ti trpng cac diem phaptiepcanCDI0,g6m: ^ 3.1 Hoan thipn CDR tat ca cac nganh DT theo phan diem mdn hpc, € phuang phap tiep can CDIO: - COR cua nganh 3.3 Xay dung phuang phap giang - hgc de ttiehien muctieu DT cyttie, gom cac npidung va mue dat^DR Dua vao CDR cua CTOT va CDR cua ddve kien thQc, KN, ttiai dp, edng viec ma ngucfi hpc ^ • • i p c nghien cuu, de xuat phuang phap day-hoc cdtfiedam nhan sau khi^nghiep vacac yeu cau dac ^ ^ | t dupc cac yeu cau cua COR thu khac dd'i vdi tQng chuang ttinh hoae nganh DT; ^ ^ Xay dung quy trinh danh gia viec thuc - Cac CDR cua nganh phai dgt tQ cap dp ttd len hien CTDT va muc dap ung CDR: (ttieothang danh gia nang lyc cua Btoom);-Mdi mdn (Xem liep trang 10} Tqp chi Gido due so 367 ~ rhi ini9niF,i long ghep ttjyen truyen mieng vdi trpgiup phap li luu dpng;bienso£mvaphathanh tai lieu tuyen tmyen nhu hdi dap PL, td roi, tdtin, pano, ap phich tuyen tnjyen PL; phd bien GDPL ttidng qua hinh thuc tra ldi, giai dap, h/van cua CO guan nha nudc dd'i vdi nhijngtti^e mac ve PL, ve quyen k;riva nghTa vy cua SV; phobien PL tren eae phuang tien tiuyen ttidng nhu ban tin, website, ehuong ttinh phat tiianh ndi bd, tiiu dien ti/ eua nha trudng v.v 2.3.3 Si/dLBigk^hgp nhieu hinh thuc tuyen bvy&i /f/jacnhu: toehuc bao cao chuyen de ve PL, phat huy hieu qua cac hinh ttidc ttii viet, veti'anh, san khau hda tinh hudng PL, ttii tim hieu PL, xem phim tu lieu; dd'i mdivada dang hda cac hinh tfiue thi lim hieu PL, giao luu van hda, van nghe cd long ghep ndi dung GDPL; phat ddng phong ttao "van hda PU'trong nhatrudng, hdi thao, tpa dam chuyen de PL; xay dung va quang batu sach PL; tdchuc hdi gidlttiieusach, tap chi, bao va cac van ban quy phgm PL, xay d i ^ g phong trao dpe sach PL tix)ng SV, xay dung eae md hinh cau lac bd "SV vdi PL", qua dd, tang cudng ttiem tinh hieu qua cua cdng tac GDPL cho SV B6 GD-DT Thd'ng ke gido due vd ddo lao ndm hgc 2011-2012 2012-2013, 2013-2014 Thu tirang Chinh phu Quyit dinh s6192S/QD-Trg ngdy 20/11/2009 vi phe duySt Di dn "Ndng cao chdl luong cdng tdc phd bien, gido due phdp ludi Irong nhd tru&ng" NguySn QuO'c Suu Giao due phap luat cho d