thực trạng đời sống dân cư và hoạt động sản xuất tại các điểm tái định cư

Duong Th] Nhu Quy-nh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 119(05): 157- 164 THlTC TRANG BCfl SONG DAN ClT VA HOAT DONG SAN XLAT TAI CAC DIEM TAX DINH ClT THUY DIEN SON LA (KET QUA KHAO SAT TAI MOT SO DIEM d HUYEN SONG MA, TINH SON LA) DiroTig Thi Nhir Quynh Sa Gido duc va Dao lao Son La TOM TAT De phuc vu cong trinh xay dung thuy dien Son La, mot so lugng lan dan cu viing long ho buoc phai di doi lai dia ban cu tru khac Qua trinh chuyen cu khong don thuan la su thay doi ve dja ban cu tru m^ keo theo mot loat thay d6i ve diyi song kinh te, van hoa dS hinh va on dinh qua nhieu the he Trong khuon kho bai bao, tac gia chii yeu di sau vao phan tich thuc trang doi song dan cu, hoEit dpng kinh le ciia mot so diem lai dinh cu thiiy dien thuoc huyen Song Ma, nhan dinh nhirng thay doi theo huong lich cue ciia dan cu !ai dinh cu va nhung kho khan, tren co so de xual mgl so giai phap co linh khuyen nghi cho su phat trien ben virng cac diem tai dinh cu Til- kh6a: San La Sdng Ma tdi dinh cu thuy dien MO DAU Thuy dien Son La - Cdng trinh thuy dien tdn nhat nuoc ta dugc khdi cong xay dung vao 02/12/2005 nham muc lieu cung cap nguon dien nang cho qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa - hien dai hda dat nude, dam bao ludi lieu va han che lu cho vimg Ddng bang sdng Hong, ddng thdi cung gdp phan tich cue thiic day phat trien kinh te - xa hgi vimg Tay Bac Tuy nhien, de phuc vu cong trinh quy md Idn nay, mgl sd lugng ldn dan cu vimg tdng ho buoc phai di ddi tdi dia ban cu trii khac Qua tnnh chuyen cu ktidng don thuan la su thay ddi ve dja ban cu trii ma cdn keo iheo mgt loai Ihay doi v§ ddi sdng kinh te, van hoa linh than da hinh va on djnh qua nhieu the he cua ngudi dan viing tai dinh eu (TDC) Ddi lugng ngudi dan bi anh hudng chu yeu song d cac xa vimg sau viing xa, ddi sdng cdn khd khan va h^u het d^u la dong bao dan loc thieu s6 Dd la mot su hy sinh Idn cua ngudi dan vimg tai dinh cu, nham phuc vu muc tieu chung ciia sg phat trien d^t nude Trong ndi dung nghien ciru, lac gia chii yeu di sau vao phan lich th^rc trang kinh te cua mgl sd diem tai djnh cu thiiy dien San La thugc huyen Song Ma, nhan djnh nhung thay doi theo huong tich cue ciia dan cu tai djnh cu va nhii'ng khd khan, tren co sd de xuat moi sd giai phap cd tinh khuyen nghi cha su phal trien ben virng cac khu TDC nay, DAC DIEM DAN CU' XA HQI VA HA TANG KHU VUC TAI DjNH CU' DU'OC KHAO SAT Khu vuc TDC thiiy dien Son La thudc huyen Sdng Ma gdm khu, I diem, du kien bd tri 830 hd dan, hien cd 580 hg da TDC Cac diem TDC dugc chiing tdi khao sat gom diem, Irang dd cd diem TDC tap trung va 01 di^m TDC xen ghep Cu the: 1) Diem TDC tap trung Ban Khiin I (thugc khu TDC Mudng Hung); 2) Diem TDC lap trung Ban C5 (thugc khu TDC Chiang Khoong); 3) Diem TDC xen ghep Ban Mo (thuoc khu TDC Chiang Khuong) Cong dong dan cu va td chiic doi song xa hgi tai cac diem tai dinh cu Theo thdng ke va dieu Ira cua chiing toi tai diem TDC sd lugng hd dan lai mdi diem TDC khdng nhieu, cd su phan bd khdng ddng deu d cac diem da dac diem dia hinh va ngudn lire phat trien quy dinh Trong dd, cd the thiv dicm TDC Ban Khiin I cd sd hd dan va so nhan khau caa nhal, noi day cd mat b^ng vdi dien tich kha rong thuan tai cho vi?c xay dung cac co so tang, phiit tricn kinh le xa hdi ciia cu dan IDC Tel 0975 508568 Emailquynh ckS3 dgmail com 157 Duong Thi Nhu Quynh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 119(05); 157-164 Bang 1: Ddn sd vd lao ddng igi diem tdi dinh c L Tong so ho Tong so nhSn khau Dan s6 tuoi lao dong - Tong so lao dong nam - Tong so lao dong nir Don V Ho Ngu'oi Nga^i Ngirai Nguai Cd the nhan thay, mac dii sd nhan khau khdng nhieu nhung luc Iiro'ng lao dong chiem ti le ton, dat gan 50 % sd dan Day la mgt ngudn luc quan trgng cho sir phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, dac biet ddi vdi boat dgng san xuat ndng nghiep cua vimg von can nhieu lao ddng Sd lao dong CO xu hudng tang ten tap quan sinh nhieu ctia ngudi dan, vi vay xu hudng phal trien dan sd dd dam bao viec cung cap lao ddng tuong lai nhung lai dat nhieu van de cho chd d, tai nguyen von da suy giam nhieu ciia viing Cdng ddng dan toe d cac khu TDC kha da dang, nhung li le dan tdc Thai van chiem chii yen cdng ddng dan cu CJ ca diem ktiao sat, so ngudi dan tgc Thai chiem tgi 90% dan sd, ngoai cd dan tgc Sinh Mun, Kho Mil, Kinh Dac diem phii hgp vdi CO cau dan tgc cua cac diem dan cu ciia huyen Sdng Ma (trir khu vuc thi Iran Sdng Ma va thi til- Chieng Khuong), vi vay cong dong dan cu nhanh chdng tao nen mdi quan he giao Ihaa ve van hda kinh te, xa hgi Day cung la thuan igi ton viec bd tri, sap xep de xay dung vimg TDC, Td chuc doi sdng - xa hgi cua cong ddng dan cu khu TDC ngoai yeu to truyen thdng (cd trudng ban) thi cd chi liy va cac doan the nhu: chi hdi ndng dan, phu nir, ngudi cao tudi, doan nien,.,.Sinh hoat lang ban dien kha thudng xuyen, cac chi hdi khac ciing dugc sinh hoat dinh ki thea thang, tiiy lirng thoi diem hoat ddng ciia xa giao cho nhieu hay il Nhin chung d ca ban TDC, theo dieu tra cho thay can bd thdn ban va I5,S Ban Khun 65 365 185 91 93 34 184 78 43 45 16 98 42 43 51 Ngudn: Ket qud dieu tra cua tdc gid, ndm 2011 doan the chii yeu la nhung ngudi tre, nang dgng, sang tao, chiu khd hgc hdi Cong ddng dan cir tai cac diem TDC cd nhirng net van hda tuong ddng vdi dan cu dia phuang Su tuong ddng ngon ngfr, van hda, nep sinh boat giiip cho cdng ddng dan cu nharih chdng giao luu, trao doi kinh nghiem sinh hoat va san xuat vdi dan dia phuong Dd la mgt thuan Igi cho viec xay dung cac boat dgng xa hgi, doan the, nang cao dgi sdng nhan dan Nhu vay cd the thay CO cau td chu'c doi song tai cac diem TDC chat che, dam bao tinh ben virng va dn dinh, la dieu kien can thiet giir gin va phat huy truyen thdng van hda dan tgc, phat trien trgng cong dong ^a hgi mdi mdt each hai hda Do dac diem kinh te cua cac diem TDC mang tinh chat san xuat ndng nghiep la chii dao nen muc thu nhap cua ngudi dan khdng cao Ty le hd ngheo d cac diem tai dinh cu kha cao d mirc 26% (theo chuan hg ngheo, hd can ngheo mdi ap dung cho giai doan 2011-2015) Tuy nhien, cd ngudn tai chinh ho trg tai dinh cu, nhin chung hau het cac hg dan deu dau tu kha nhieu thiet bi dien phuc vu nhu c§u tieu diing, nhieu nhat la ti vi, di6u cd th^ thay dong bao da phSn nao cd nhirng thuan loi va sir tien bd viec tiep can thdng tin, nang cao dan tri, ddi song tinh thin va phuc vu san xuat, Theo ket qua digu tra, phuang lien di tai chii yeu cua ngudi dan la xe may, d ca diem TDC tim hieu, ti le hg gia dinh cd xe may dku dat tren 90% Day la loai phuang tien phii hgp vdi dieu kien thu nhap ciia ngudi dan, ddng thdi thuan tien viec di tai tai nhijTig dja hinh mi6n nui, viec trao doi hang hda deu sii dung chii y^u loai phuong tien Duong Thj Nhu Quynh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 119(05): 157-164 Bang 2: Ti le hd ddn cd trang thiit bi sd dung dien (Dan vi %) Ban Khiin Ti vi Radio Tii lanli Dau dia Mdy giat Ban CS Ban Mo 96 45 12 75 93 51 12 83 Ngudn' Ket qud diiu Ira cua ldc gid 2011 Bang 3; Du liien giao ddt lai ba diem TDC nghien ciru TT BiSm TDC Diem TDC Ban Khiin Dilm TDC Ban C5 Diem TDC Ban Mo So hQ Sd nhan khSu 65 34 16 365 192 98 Tong dien tich dat (ha) 101.2 82,4 29,1 Trong Dat phi nong nghiep 96,4 4,8 79,3 3,1 28.0 1,1 Dat nong nghiep Ngudn: Banqudn li du dn TDC thiiy dien San La huydn Sdng Ma den cac hd dan, dap img nhu cau va dam bao ve Dac diem co so tang kinh te - xa hoi tai sinh an loan sinh hoat ciia nhan dan cac diem tai dinh cir Giao due ludn la ITnh v\xc xa hgi duoc coi trgng Tai cac diem khao sat, chtjng tdi nhan thay hang dau, nham nang cao dan tri, cai thien va cac diem TDC deu dugc Nha nude dau tu kha phat trien ddi song diem TDC, Tai diem hoan chinh ve co sd tang Tai ca diem TDC tap trung (Ban Kluin ! va Ban C5) deu TDC diu cd dudng be tdng chay tir dudng dugc xay dung nha tre, mau giao cho tre em quoc Id vao den trung lam ban Dac biet Ban den trudng, nang cap va xay mdi top lieu hoc Khiin I, n§m khu TDC Mudng Hung, Ddi vdi hgc sinh cap Trung hpc co sd va dugc diu tu tuyen dudng Na Ha - Mudng Trung hgc phd thdng, thi hgc tap irung lai cac Hung, chay dgc qua diem ciia khu TDC diem trudng ciia xa va thi Iran vdi ngudn von dau tu ton Con ddi vdi diem Ca sg y ll cua cac diem TDC deu dugc dam Ban C5 va Ban Mo, tuy8n duong be tdng tir bao d muc Ao nhat dinh viec cham sdc sue dudng qudc Id vao trung tam ban Viec khde cho cdng ddng dan cu, thdng qua cac tram y tl xa va benh vien da khoa huyen, cdn dam bao dudng xa di lai thuan Igi la nhan td lai cae thdn ban thudng chi cd I y la hoae quan trpng de thuc day kinh te, ddi sdng xa dugc sT dugc dao tao qua trung hoc chuyen hgi cita dan TDC di ten Viec xay dung cac ngliiep, nham hudng dan su dung thudc cho tuyen dudng dd tao dieu kien de dan cu di lai, ba va so ciru Ihdng thudng cd Irudng trao doi thdng Ihuong hang hda, thuc hien hgp dm dau, tai nan xay ra, mdi giao luu viing mdt each de dang TiNH HiNH SU' DUNG D A T VA HOAT Ben canh viec d^u tu cac tuyen dudng, viec DONG KINH TE TAI cAC DIEM TAI dam bao nguon dien phuc vu dan sinh cung D!NH CU" rk lot Tai diam TDC nghien cuu, 100% cac hg dan diu dugc su dung dien va dii ngudn di^n cho sinh hogt, san xuat Viec cung cap dii dien cho nhan dan gdp phin hien dai hda san xuat, nang cao trinh dg dan tri dong bao Nguon nude sach la du an ciia chinh phii cung cap cho cac diem TDC va hien tai di^m khao sal diu cd h? thdng nuoc sach keo Tinh hinh su dung dat Theo quy hoach Ban quan ti TDC luiycn Sdng Ma giao cho diem TDC co c;iu su dung dat nhu sau: Cd thi thay dien tich dit dugc giao clio d.iii TDC chii yeu la Akx ndng ngliiep chiOm lin 95,0 % tdng dien lich dal duac giao nham 159 Duong Thi Nhu Quynh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE dap ung nhu cau san xuat ciia nhan dan, Tren thuc te cac hd dan d tren diem TDC da nhan duoc tren 90% sd dat theo ke hoach ban giao ciia Ban quan ly So dien tich dat cdn lai dang qua trinh xay dung phan bd ban giao cho nhan dan de dam bao cho san xuat nhan dan tai cac diem TDC, Do sd hg dan ddng nen dan cu da tien hanh tu khai hoang them, bd sung dat cho phal trien ndng nghiep Dien lich dat ndng nghiep cua khu TDC chu yeu la nuong ray, thuan Igi cho canh lac cay ngd Dien tich trdng ngd chiem den tren 90% dien tich dat nuong ray Dat rugng d cac diem TDC khdng nhieu nen dugc khai thac trie! de trdng liia nude Dat rugng dien tich khdng tdn nhung kha tdt nen hieu qua nang suat liia kha cao, dugc ddng bao khai thac vu trang nam, Ddi vdi dat nuang, ngoai trdng ngd, dieu kien dal dai va hau viing TDC thuan loi cho viec phat trien cay nhan, cho nen mdt dien tich dat nuo'ng ray dirac khai thac de cay nhan, Hoat dong san xuat nong lam nghiep a) Trdng trgl: Trdng trgl la boat ddng chinh sinh kc ciia ngudi dan TDC, chinh vi vay da cd su dau tu cua Nha nude va nhan dan cho phat trien san xuat, tren co sd ngudn dal trdng kha thuan tgi Sd may mdc duoc dau tu dap irng nhu cau san xuat kha ldn so voi mirc sdng ciia ngirdi dan Ban Khiin 1, vdi 65 hd dan cd 11 may kea, may nd diing de xay sat gao, O Ban C5 cung tuang tu nhu vay mac dii dien tich trdng liia khdng nhieu nhung ciing dau lu may keo va may xay sat gao San lugng luang thuc hang nam dap irng phan ton nhu cau nhan dan, Theo danh gia thi van de an ninh luang thuc ciia cac dilm TDC nghien ciru dat 80% dn dinh, 20 % cdn lai gan dal mirc dn dinh - Cay ngd: Do nuong ray mdi dugc khai thac nen dat trdng ngd kha tdt va dat nang sual kha cao dal khoang 5.5 tan /ha, Mdi nam ngd dugc Irdng I \u vao khoang thang 5, thu tioach khoang giira thang dau thang 10 va cudi Ihang I ticu qua kinh te trdng ngd 119(05): 157- 164 dem lai kha tdt Vi du: Ci Ban C5, san lugng ngo dat trung binh dat tin/hg/nam Nhieu hp dan dat tan/hd/nam Voi gia ngd trung binh tir - trieu ddng/ tan, hang nam mdi hg thu khoang 20 - 30 trieu dong tir viec ngo Ddi vdi diem TDC Ban Khim I, cay ngd ciing la cay trdng chinh, nhien dan cu diem ddng dan, vi vay dien tich dat nuong dugc giao cho cac hd khong nhieu nhu cac diem TDC khac, vi vay hang nam mdi hd chi thu duoc trung binh - tan/ nam - Cay Ilia: Liia la cay trdng cd vai trd quan trang thir hai, sau cay ngo ddi vai ddng bao TDC, gop phan giai quyet van de luong thirc tai chd cho ngudi dan, Nang suat liia trung binh dat tan/ha/nam Doi voi dat rugng d viing ddi niii, dieu kien dat va hau khdng thuan Igi cho su phat trien cua cay liia thi nang suat dd la the hten su nd lire ciia ba dan ban hoat dgng san xuat C) Ban Khiin I, toan bd 12 dat rudng dugc sir dung de trdng liia, mdi nhan khau dugc 350 m^ (tinh ca phan dat dan tu khai thac them) San lugng liia dap irng dirge phan Idn nhu cau gia dinh, san lugng liia dem tieu thu lien thi trudng khdng dang ke Ddng bao canh tac mdi nam vu liia: vu chiem va vu miia, san lugng liia miia vu d muc tuong duong - Cay san: Ngoai loai cay luang thuc tren, cay san ciing dugc a mgt sd noi khu vuc TDC, nhieu nhat d Ban Khiin I Ban Khiin 1, hd nao cung trdng san, san lugng san cua ca ban dat tren 1000 tan/ nam, cd nhieu hd cdn dal sane lugng den tan/nam Tuy nhien, san lugng san khong dn djnh nhu cay ngd va liia, cd thdi diem gia san cung bap benh Nam 2012 la nam ba dugc miia san va gia san cao, dugc thu mua vdi gia trieu ddng /tan, nhung nhii'ng nam truoc chi dat 2,5 - 3,0 trieu ddng/tan, khien ngud-i dan khong yen tam vice phat trien cay Cay cdng nghiep va cay an qua: Do phSn ldn dien tich dat ndng nghiep tai cac dilm TDC tren deu cay luong thirc hang nam, dien tich cay an qua dang kl la nhan So gdc Duong Thi Nhu Quynh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE nhan tai diem TDC nghien ciru tren chi khoang 182 gdc Chu yiu a Ban Mo, san lugng nhan trung binh d ban Mo dat 150 t§n/nam Xu hudng chung la cac diem TDC tiip tuc day manh the manh trdng cay luong thuc ciia minh, dac biet la ngd, liia Ddng thdi thuc hi?n da dang hoa cay trdng san xuat, phat trien cay luong thuc gan vdi day manh cay cdng nghiep ngan va dai ngay, nang cao hieu qua sii dung dat b) Chan nudi: Phat trien chan nudi dugc ngudi dan khu TDC phat trien d vi tri Ihu sau hoat ddng trdng cay luong thuc Tat ca cac hg diem TDC deu phat trien chan nudi theo hinh thtrc hg gia dinh Cac vat nudi dugc lira chgn phat trien deu phii hgp vdi dac diem dia hinh, hau va ngudn thirc an ciia viing - Chan nudi lgn: Day la loai vat nudi dugc nuoi bien d cac diem TDC, ngudn thirc an (ngd, san) cho vat nudi dugc dam bao Sd lugng dan Ion tai ca diem khao sal cd xu hudng tang nhanh Nam 2013, dan Ign dat khoang 1350 con, lang gao 1,5 lan so vdi nam 2011 Dac biel vdi su hd trg ciia can bd nong nghiep va vol kinh nghiem san xuat ciia ddng bao, ti le dan Ign va gia cam bj djch thap, han che dugc nhilu riii ro boat dgng chan nudi Lgn dugc nudi bien cac chudng trai gia dinh cd su dau tu vl chudng nudi va he Ihong nude xir li chat thai, thirc an kha day du nen dam bao cho su phat trien dn djnh ciia vat nudi, Nhilu hd gia dinh himg nam thu dugc 20 trieu ddng lir viec chan nuoi ton Sd lugng dan lgn chan Iha tir chiim ty le khdng dang ke, khoang 10 % sd dan Ign Chan nudi lgn theo hinh thirc chti yeu la cac hd dan khdng cd dieu kien kinh te de dau lu cd sd vat chat ban dau, nen nang suat chan nuoi khdng cao hieu qua kinh tl thap - Chan nudi Trau: Trau la loai vat nudi dugc nhieu hp gia dinh nudi nham muc dich lay sire Ivco va phan bdn Sd lugng dan Irau nam 2013 CO khoang 251 a tai cac diem TDC 119(05): 157- 164 dugc khao sat tang gap 1.3 lan tir 2011 Hien nay, nhieu hg gia dinh cdn tham gia nudi re nen sd lugng trau cting cd xu huong tang nhanh Do ngudn vdn ciia ddng bao it di nen nhieu hg da nhan nudi Trau cho cac hd gia dinh sg tai cd dieu kien kinh te kha, sd trau ban dau dugc cac gia dinh sd tai dau lu, hang nam sd trau tang ten dugc chia deu cho ca ngudi cung cap vat nudi va ngudi nudi, - Chan nudi Bd: Ngudn vdn dau tu de nudi Bd kha ton nen khdng phai hd dan nao cung cd dieu kien dau tu Tdng sd dan bd ciia ca diem TDC dat 152 Tuy nhien cd the thay sd lugng bd cung tang ten ro ret dac biet ddi vgi dan cu lai Ban Khun I va Ban Mo sd lugng dan bd tang Ien gap ddi tir 2009 den Ddi vdi ca trau va bd deu duoc chan nudi dugi hinh thirc chan tha tu nhien Ngoai la cdn chan nuoi de, dugc nudi kha nhieu lap trung d diem TDC Ban C5 cdn cac diem cdn tai sd lugng dan de it hon Hau nhu lat ca cac hd dan deu nudi gia cam, mgt sd hg dan tai cac vimg TDC da lien hanh nudi ddng vat ban hoang da nhu: nhi'm - Tinii hinh nudi trdng ihiiy san: C* ca diem TDC nghien ciru, thi dien lich mat nude de phuc vu nhu cau nudi trdng thuy san khdng nhieu Nhirng gia dinh cd nudi trdng thuy san chi chiem 10% sd hd dan diem TDC, moi hp thudng c6 I ao, rdng khoang lOOm", vdi dieu kien nude dii nude cung cap cho ao cac miia nam Xu hudng phat trien la ket hgp voi nudi Irdng thiiy san tai cac chan rugng ngap nude vdi trdng liia; cd thi khoanh nudi tren dien mat hd, sdng, SUOI vdi viec lira chgn nhirng vat nudi phii hgp tren dien tich dd c) Lam nghiep: Rirng tai khu vuc Tay Bac ndi chung, viing TDC Song Ma ndi rieng da bi khai thac tir sdm va suy giam lai nguyen va san vat rirng khdng cdn nhieu nen hoal dpng khai thac cac san pham ciia rirng nhin chung khdng phat triin Chii yeu la boat ddng khai thac nhd le vdi cac san vat chinh nhu mang mat ong, nam, ciii , nhung vdi sd tugng khdng dang ke 161 Ducmg Thj Nhu Quynh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Hoat ddng lam nghiep ciia cac diem TDC chu yeu mdi chi dirng lai a hoat dgng quan ii, bao ve rirng theo du an cua Chinh phii, cdn hoat dgng trdng rirng chua dugc phat trien Nhung theo chuong trinh phat trien rirng, phu xanh dat trdng doi trgc cho vimg, dac biet tao viec lam cho ngudi dan TDC, cac du an phat trien rirng dang dugc trien khai, nham bien dat trdng ddi mii trgc dat rimg, nang cao che phii rimg, dac biet ddi vdi dia ban sinh sdng ciia cdng ddng dan TDC chti yeu tren viing dat ddc, nen viec trdng rimg mang gia tri nhieu mat ca ve sinh thai, kinh te va chinh tri Cac hoat dpng kinh te khac a) Thii cdng nghiep: Chii yeu van la hoat ddng dan lat rd, ra, gio, nom bat ca va cac vat dung gia dinh khac, hoat ddng don le trang cac hd gia dinh Ddi tugng tham gia san xual la ngudi gia khdng cd kha nang tham gia san xuat ndng nghiep, vi vay hieu qua va gia trj khdng cao Nhirng san pham lam ra, ngoai phuc vu gia dinh, sd it mang ban tai cac diem chg cho dan cu vimg b) Dich vu: Birc tranh ve hoat dgng djch vu lai cac diem TDC lim hieu cung tuong tu vdi birc tranh chung ciia tat ca cac diem TDC viing, Ddi vdi nhung diem TDC tap irung nhu ban Khiin I va ban C5 thi tai noi trung tam ban xuat hien cac hang quan nhd, chii yeu la ban cac mat hang tap hoa dap ung nlui cau hang ngay, ngoai mgt sd hoat ddng dich vu su'a chu'a xe gan may, dien thoai, ti vi ,Phan ton cac boat ddng mua ban cua dan cu dugc thuc hien tai cac diem budn ban d trung tam xa, co cau hang hoa da dang va sd tugng kha ton, dii dap irng nhu cau dan cu Cdn ddi vgi cac diein TDC xen ghep nhu diem TDC Ban Mo thi mgi hoat dgng trao ddi budn ban ciia dan TDC gan vdi hoat dgng chung ciia dan sd tai 3an Mo thudc dia phan ciia xa Chieng Khuoi,g quan li, day la mgt xa bien gidi, phat trien nhat viing, cd cita khau Chieng Khuong, hoat ddng djch vu kha manh, vi \ay dan TDC ban Mo ciing nhanh chdng tham gia cac hoat ddng trao doi budn 162 119(05): 157-164 ban vd'i dan cu Lao vung giap bien vdi cac san pham chii yeu la nong san tCr Lao ve va san pham thuc pham che bien, hang tieu diing ciia Viet sang trao doi ben dat Lao KHO K H A N , HAN CHE CUA KHU TAI DINH CU' Cung voi viec bdi thudng, hd trg TDC, du an thiiy dien Son La cung da ho trg phat trien san xuat cac hg dan TDC, cap dat san xuat, ddng thdi td chirc cac lop khuyen ndng, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu tap huan chuyen giao ky thuat ndng, lam nghiep, chan nudi; trien khai md hinh san xuat Xai cac hg dan Tuy nhien, eac khd khan ciia nguoi dan TDC van la bai loan khd doi vdi chinh quyen cac cap - Hoat ddng kinh te ciia khu TDC cdn mang dam net ciia san xuat ndng nghiep truyen thdng, chua dugc dau tu nhieu, san xuat luong thuc van chiem vai trd chii dao, dac biet ddi vdi viing dia hinh dat ddc nen hieu qua thap - Viec tai dinh cu thuy dien d day gap nhieu khd khan ve dam bao dien tich dat dai canh tac Hau bet ngudi dan tai dinh cu dugc den bii dien ti'ch hep hon va chat lugng dat xau han so vdi noi xuat cu, - Chinh sach den bii, tai djnh cu thiiy dien mdi chi dimg d vice den bii sir dung dat va cac tai san bi thiet hai true tiep Cac thiet hai gian tiep va vo hinh khac, ve thu nhap, ve kinh te nhu Igi the tir vi tri kinh doanh, danh bat ca, tir san pham rirng chua dugc tinh den Trong khi, day lai la diem rat quan trgng doi vdi ddi sdng ngudi dan va ddng bao dan tdc Viec khoi phuc lai dd-i sdng, sinh ke cOa nhirng hg bj anh hudng ddi hdi thai gian lau dai Tuy nhien, cac chinh sach ho trg lau dai de khdi phuc thu nhap va doi sdng ciia ngudi dan chua dugc chinh sach xem xet vdi nguon tai chinh dam bao nhieu nam - Can cd sir dieu chinh cua cac co quan chtic nang viec qqy hoach cac dilm, trung tam budn ban de phuc vu nhu cau trao ddi, buon ban ciia nhan dan vung, dong thai d% tao sire hilt voi gidi thuong nhan din voi viing Duong Thi Nhir Quynh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Cd the noi, chat lugng cugc song dan cu tir chuyen den noi d mdi, cd nhung chuyen bien rd ret Nha nude va dja phuong da tao mpi dieu kien thuan Igi de ngudi dan TDC nhanh chdng hda nhap voi noi d' moi, yen tam lao dgng san xuat, Cudc sdng ban dau noi vimg dat mdi khdng tranh khdi nhirng khd khan ve noi 6, nhirng tranh chap ve tai nguyen thien nhien van cdn dien ra, nhung dang dan duoc khac phuc cd hieu qua Ben canh sir hd trg khdng ngirng ciia nha nude, su quan tam ciia cdng ddng dan cu sd tai KET LUAN vA KIEN NGHI Hudng di va each tiep can thich hgp de cd the kh4c phuc dugc cac bat cap d cac khu TDC Ihiiy dien Son La, dam bao di dan tai dinh cu ben virng la mdt van de cdn nhieu tran trd, ddi hdi phai cd cac giai phap thich hgp, ddng bd va khoa hoc Theo chiing tdi la cac giai phap: (i)Giai phap ve td chirc quan li cac diem TDC: cac ban quan ly du an TDC cap linh, huyen can co nhu'ng quy hoacti cu the ve pham vi lanh thd ciia cac diem TDC de cd su phan chia sir dung dal mgl each phii hgp; can tao -r su t'sn ket kh'ing girn chat che giua cac diem TDC, de dan cu tang cudng mdi quan he, su doan ket, hgc hdi giao luu giua cac diem; (ii) Giai phap ve vdn, dau tu va xay dirng hoan Ihien eg sd lang: Tang cudng cac hoal dgng nham thu hiit cac du an phat trien kinh lc ctia nha nude va cac chii dau tu; Nha nude tao dieu kien tdt nhat cha dan TDC dugc vay vdn vdi nhirng cliinh sach uu dai de phat trien kinh te; lang cudng hd trg dau lu xay dung co sd tang kT thuat; (iii) Giai 119(05): 157- 164 phap ve van de su dung lao ddng: Chi'nh quyen dia phuong can cd su dau tu nham day manh cdng tac dao tao bdi duong phat trien nhan luc; can bd chuyen trach thudng xuyen xudng cac dja phuong cung cap cac kien thtic ve san xuat Irong nhan dan); (iv) Giai phap \e sir dung dat: can co su quy hoach hgp li \e dat dai, phii hgp vgi dieu kien quy md dien tich dat ndng nghiep ciia timg dia phuong, (v) Giai phap ve xay dung co cau cac nganh kinh te va dau tu phat trien: Da dang hda cay trdng, vat nudi, tan dung ngudn dat dai mdt each c6 hieu qua; xac dinh Ndng lam nghiep la nganh san xuat chinh, nhien cung can day manh cac hoal dgng dich vu va thii cdng nghiep cdng nghiep phii hgp vdi the manh cua tirng dia phuang) TAI LIEU THAM K H A O i Dang Nguyen Anh, "Chinh sach di dan tai dmh cu cac cong trinh Ihuy dien d viel nam lir goc nghien cinj xa hoi" Tap chi Dan so & Phal Uien (so 6/2007) Bao cao kel qua phat Irien kinh le - xa hpi ciia dan lai dinh cu viing tai dmh cu huyen Song Ma (2011), Ban du an lai cmh cu thuy dien Son La thupc huyen Song M5 Bao cao ket qua giao dal cho dan t^i dinh cu (2010), Ban du an lai djnh cu ihuy dien Son La thupc huyen Song MS 4, Bao cao kel qua hoal dpng dai song kinh te - \a hpi ( 2011), Chi uy dilm tai dinh cu Ban Khiin I, Ban Mo, Ban C5 Bao Huy & Cong su (2005), Lam nghiep, giam ngheo va sinh ke nong thon d Viet Nam, Nxb Ha Noi UBND tinh Son La, (2007) Cong trinh thuy dien Son la va cong lac di dan, lai dmh cu, Nxb Ha Npi Duong Thi Nhu Quynh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 119(05): 157- 164 SUMMARY RESIDENTIAL LIFE AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES IN SON LA HYDROPOWER RESETTLEMENT AREAS (SURVEY RESULTS AT SOME AREAS IN SONG MA DISTRICT, SON LA PROVINCE) Duong Thi Nhu Quynh Son La Department of Education and Training To prepare for the construction of Son La hydropower, a large number of residents in the reservoir had to be relocated to other areas The transition was not simply the change of residence, bul also a series of changes in economic and cultural customs which had been formed and stabilized over many generations Beyond the scope of this article, the authors mainly analyzed people's life situation and their economic activities in some hydropower resettlement areas in Song Ma district; estimated their advantages and difficulties; and thereby, proposed some solutions to the sustainable development of these resettlement areas Key words: Son La, Song Ma, resettlement, hydropower Ngdy nhdn bdi 11 '4'2014 Ngdy-phan bien: 24/4/2014; Ngdy duydt ddng: 5/5/2014 Phan bien khoa hoc: ThS Le Tiin Diing - Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyen ' I'^l