Nghien cuu - Trao doi Tpp chf C^ng s a n Di QUAN LY TOT TRUYEN THONG XA HOi NUOC TA HIEN NAY N G U Y N THANH LQfl* Thgcte cho thay, hipn thdng tin dirge truyin di theo nhirng cdch thirc phi truyin thing vd rit khd kiim sodt Thdng tin trin mgng xd hpi M chiiu, khd kiim chung Mng - sai Id "con dao hai lir&i", vua thuc My xd hpi phdt trien, vua Id "cdng cg" cho cdc thi luc chdng phd, truyin bd nhitng quan difcm sai trdi, nhdm phd hogi an ninh - chinh tri ^^^ nhiiu nu&c trin thi gi&i bdng dm muu, thu Mgn "diin biin hoa binh " Bo M, chung ta cin phdi qudn ly tdt truyin thdng xd hpi di cd thi phdng, chdng "tg" diin biin", "ttf chtryen hda '* npi bp cdn bg Mng viin vd qudn chung nhdn dan IVuyen thdng xfi hdi vfi tinh hai mfit cua nd Trong dieu kifin cdng nghfi truyfin thdng sd phdt trifin, mgng xa hdi vd cdc dang thdc truyfin thdng trfin in-ta-net ngdy cang da dang, cho ddi mpt logi truyfin thdng mdi: truyfin thdng xa hpi Vdi vipc am tham ddi va di v i o cudc sdng ciia ngudi sd dyng, truyfin thdng xd hpi dang trd thinh tam dilm thu hiit sy quan tdm cua c i c hpe gid cung nhu nhifiu ngudi tren thfi gidi Tuy nhifin, dfin nay, chua cd mpt djnh nghia ndo chudn xdc vfi truyfin thdng xd hpi Hau hfit c i c khdi nifim dua mdi chi dya trfin nhihig kinh nghipm eda nhihig ngufii dang sd dyng no ITnh vyc tilp thj (marketing) Xfit vfi bdn chit, truyfin thfing xd hdi l i cdng cy truyfin thdn^ sir dyng nen ting cua c i c mang xa hdi dfi tifip cdn cdng chiing Ddy dupc coi Id mdt kfinh truyin thdng mdi, eho phep ngudi diing ed t h l ty sdn xuat ndi dung Cdc thinh vifin ed t h l tuong t i e tryc tifip, giin tilp hai chifiu ho|ic da chifiu m^t cich chii dfing Dgc biet, sy k i t nfii n i y dua trfin nhdng lifin kfit cd sdn Uch su c i nhdn vfi quan he, gidi tinh, dp tuoi, sd thich, thdi quen, cdng vific Hoat ddng truyfin thdng xd hdi dupc thyc hifin thdng qua nhifiu "kfinh" khdc nhau, nhu e i c difin dan trfin in-to-nfit, mgng xa hpi, trang nhdt ky ca nhdn (blog), trang dipn tu, Tir nhung quan difim trfin, cd thfi thdy, tmyfin thdng xa hpi la mdi trudng truyfin thdng mdi dya trfin nen tdng cac dich vy cua web 2.0 Trong dd, web 2.0 dupc coi l i thfi h^ thir hai cua web, nd tgo nhilu sy tifin lpi hem cho ngudi dimg C i c thdng tin, dfi lieu dupc cap nhgt hang ngdy, dgc bipt ngudi sd dyng cd thfi tham gia ddng gdp, chia sfi va lim phong phii thfim cho trang web M|ic du ddi chua Idu, song truyfin thdng xa hdi ngiy cang khdng dinh vai trd cua nd ddi sdng xd hpi, nhit Id tinh uu vi$t thdng tin lifin lgc va kha nang tuong t i c cao giiia nhieu ngudi Trong tran ddng ddt, sdng thdn d Nhgt B i n xdy vao * TS, Tap chi COng san S6 844 (thang sdm 2013) 81 Nghien cuu - Trao doi ngdy I1-3-20II khien lion 15.000 ngirdi chet, hdng chgc ngdn ngirdi bj Ihirang, truy6n thong x5 hpi dd ho trp dde Ivc lrong vii^c chia sc, tlm kiem thong tin v^ thdm hpa ndy Thdm hpa vira xdy ra, cdc djch vy vicn thong tai Nh^t Bdn g4n nhu bj tc li$t hodn toan, nhicu nhd cung c4p djch vy dd han che cac cupc gpi khien nhieu mang bj tdc ngh6n Trong d6, faccbook, twitter vd mixi - m^ng xd hpi bi^n nhat d Nhdt Bdn van hogt dpng hi$u qud Hdng ngdn ngudi da truy cjp vdo mixi dd ddng tdi thdng tin, keu gpi quySn gdp ting hp cdc n?n nhdn Tir nh&ng cdnh bdo ve sdng th4n, ljch trinh cua mdy bay, tdu hda, den danh sdch gia dinh bj thi?t hgi cung nhanh chdng dupc cgp nhgt Qua cd thS thdy, truydn thdng xd hpi dd trd thdnh "ngudi sdn xuat tin" vd Id "nhan vien cuu trp" dac lyc cho ngudi xd hpi hien dai Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung tich cyc md truyen thdng xa hpi dem lai, thdi gian qua, Ioai phuang ti?n truyen thdng mdi ndy cung Id "thu pham" gay nhihig bdt dn cho mpt sd nudc Bdc Phi vd Trung Ddng, tdc dpng tieti cue tdi mpi mgt ddi sdng xd hpi cua cdc qudc gia ndy Trong qua trinh truydn thong tren cac mang xd hpi, mpt sd nudc phuong Tdy dd nhanh chdng tim "cdng dpt phd" dS l$t md hp cho Id "dpc tdi" d Bdc Phi vd Trung Ddng Sau len ndm quydn, Ngogi trudng My H Clin-ton dd tich cyc thiic ddy chien lupc "ngogi giao E" hay cdn gpi Id ngogi giao mgng didn Kr - chu dpng ket than vdi facebook, youtube, flickr, twitter dd tuydn truydn chinh sdch ngogi giao cua My, ddng thoi tuydn bd sS dya vdo siic mgnh cua truydn thdng xa hpi dd ddi phd vdi cdc qudc gia "ddn dp" bdo chi nudc Sau chiing kidn facebook vd cdc mgn| xa hOi khdc "giiip dd" cdng chiing Igt dd Chi'nh phli Tuy-ni-di vd Ai C^p, Nhd Trdng bdt ddu Ipd dyng twitter dd cd xiiy 82 So S44 (thang nam lOlJ) T a p chf C ^ n g sdn cho phe doi l^p ciia I-ran Ngdy 15-2-2011,^' phdt bidu tgi Trudng Dgi hpe Oa-sinh-ton, bd H Clin-ton dd tgp trung trinh bdy ve vdn de "ty in-ta-ndt" Du lugn thd gidi cho rdng, n0i hdm sdu xa ciia "chien lupc ty in-ta-ndt" md My dua Id lpi dyng tmyln thdng xd hpi dd thyc hipn chinh sdch "d6i ngogi cdng chiing" vdi sdch lupc "didn bidn hda binh", thdng qua sy ddi thogi tryc tidp vdi cu ddn mang cdc nudc, dd anh hudng ddn gid trj quan, phuang thiic hanh djng, tir dd phyc vy Ipi ich cho My Qua dd c6 thd thay, truydn thdng xd hpi cung trd thdnh "chidn trudng" quan trpng 6k cac nudc phuang Tdy tien hdnh "c6 xuy vd l|t dd qua in-ta-ndt" ^ Thdng tin tren mang ni hfi: tot xau lin \QD Thdi gian qua, trdn cac trang web, blog "den" d Vidt Nam xuat hidn nhidu thdng tin sai Ipch nhdm bdi nhp Idnh dgo Sdng, Nha nudc ta, Idm suy giam nidm tin cua nhdn ddn vdo Dang, Nha nudc, nhat la thdi gian toan Ddng ta dang tidn hanh kidm diem ty phd binh vd phd binh theo tinh thdn Nghj quydt Hpi nghj Tnmg uong khda XI D$c bipt, nhieu td bdo phan dpng vd bao chi nudc ngodi thi "tung hiing", ty cho ring, chung dupc "tidp tay" tir "npi bp cdp cao" de bdn chuydn "nhgy cdm" Theo ca quan chijrc ndng, ndm 2000, "Nghj hpi lidn kdt ngudi Vipt ty tgi My" ddi, cac thd lyc chdng phd dd xdc djnh, phdi tgn dyng cdng nghp hidn dgi cua truydn thdng xd hpi, nhu blog, didn ddn, mgng xa h$i dd "phd vd sy bimg bit thdng tin", tgo s\t lidn kdt chJt chd vdi nhihig tdn phdn dpng luu vong d nudc qua "mdi trudng" in-ta-ndt Nhihig dm mini va thii doan cua cdc thd Iyc thdng qua truydn thdng xd hOi chu ydu Id: Thli nh^t, cdc trang blog, didn ddn, trang Nghien ciiu - Trao doi web ty coi la "dgi dipn" cho "cpng ddng chong tham nhung", "ddn oan" ddu tranh ddi quyfin lgi, nhirng ngudi ddi ty thdng tin, ty bao chi, hogt dpng nhu mpt td bio mgng difin tit Ndi dung chinh cua nhiJng trang niy li truyfin bi tu tudng chdng phi, xuyfin tgc chu nghTa Mic - Le-nin, tu tudng Hfi Chi Minh, phu nhgn vai trd lanh dgo ciia Ding, Thu hai, nhifiu trang web, blog, difin din mgo danh ldnh dgo Ddng vd Nhd nudc, lpi dyng nhirng bat dn cua tinh hinh thfi gidi, khoet sdu, xuyen tgc, thli phdng mpt so difim yfiu, hgn chfi nudc ta, dfi dua nhdng thdng tin dpc hgi tdc dpng tdi mOt sd cdn bp ddng vifin cd bin ITnh chinh tri non kem, bifin chat, suy thodi nifim tin, cd tu tudng chdng ddi, bat mdn, nhdm thiic ddy "ty chuyen hda" xa hdi ta Thu ba, mpt sd nhd vdn, nha bao, nhd nghifin cim dang tai nhifiu tin, bai khdng diing sy that, sai trii, phan ddng trfin cac trang blog ca nhdn Thgm chi, mdt sd can bd, ddng vien, dd cd ci nhung ngudi timg la can bd quin ly cap cao cung tham gia vilt bii, phit tdn npi dung trdi vdi dudng ldi quan dilm ciia Ddng, Nbi nudc Mdt sd phdn td bdt mdn, chdng ddi lpi dung danh nghia "phin bifin xd hpi" dfi phfi phdn, phdn doi chinh sdeh eua Dang, Nhd nudc Dang chli y, nhifiu ndi dung ddng tdi trfin nhdng tiang web, blog niy dfiu bi cic thfi lyc thii dich phdn ddng Idy lgi tin, bii, thdm chi "tdi trp" dfi tao dyng du lugn, tiln hdnh npi cdng, ngoai kich, nhdm gdy bat dn npi bp dpi ngu cdn bp, ddng vifin, chdng phd Ddng, chfi dp ta tu bfin Qua dd cd thfi th4y, vifc phat tin nhirng thdng tin dpc hai nhu v^y trfin mgng xd hpi vdo Viet Nam la vfi cung nguy hifim, dnh hudng nghifim trpng, gay hoii nghi nhan ddn vl vai trd ldnh dgo ciia Ding vi Nhd nudc, gay tic dpng rdt xdu du ludn xa hfii Tpp chf C^ng s d n Nhung van de d$t quan Iy truyen thong x0 h^i 6* nu'dc ta Ndm 1943, nhi tdm Iy xd hpi hoc ngudi My K Lu-uyn da dua khdi niem "ngudi gdc c6ng" Theo dd, luong thdng tin nhdt djnh dupc dua vdo mpt kfinh nio dd ho^c dupc luu thdng hay khdng, quyfit dinh bdi y nguyfin cua ngudi truyfin thdng NhiJng ngudi tdc nghiep cdc ca quan bio chi, truyfin thdng nhu phdng vifin, bien tap vifin, id "ngudi gdc cdng", vipc hp lya chpn, sdn xudt, bifin tgp npi dung thdng tin dd quyet dinh vipc cung cap nhung thdng tin ndo cho cac doi tupng truyfin thong, nhdm tgo mpt dn tupng ndo dd cho ngudn thdng tin do"'" Sau truyfin thdng xd hpi xudt hipn, chuc nang "gic cdng" cua cic phuang tien truyfin thfing truyfin thong bdt ddu suy yfiu, khd ndng kifim soit true tifip cua chinh phu truyfin thdng xa hdi Cling suy giam Tuy nhifin, chinh phu cic nudc vdn cd thfi thdng qua cdc bifin phap dfi "gic cdng" cac ludng thdng tin duac truyfin thdng qua mdi trudng in-ta-net Vdi nam gdn ddy, Vipt Nam chung kifin budc chuyfin minh ngoan muc cua truyfin thdng xa hdi Dac bifit Id syphat trifin cua cic difin dan tren in-to-net vfii sd luong vifin cdng tang cao Phan Ion nhiing ngudi su dung truyfin thdng xa hpi d nudc ta chu yfiu dl cgp nhat thdng tin, chia sfi, giao luu vdi cic thdnh vifin khdc N^oii ra, cic tfi chiic, dan vi cung su dung truyfin thdng xa hdi nhu m$t phuong tifin dfi quing bi, thuc day hogt ddng kinh doanh, hogc kfiu gpi cdng ddng mang tham gia ddng gdp cho nhung hogt dpng td thi^n Tuy nhifin, truyfin thdng xa hfii d Vipt Nam khfing tranh khdi nhung tdc ddng tifiu cyc ddi vdi nhung nguoi su dung (1) Lewin, Kurt: "Forces behind food habits and methods of change" Bulletin of the National Research Council P 35 - 65 S6 844 (thing aim 2tll3) 83 Nghien cihi - Trao do'i Do dd, tlnh hinh mdi, di ddi vdi vide phdttt-idntmyln thdng xd hdi, c4n phdi cd sy "gdc cdng" vd djnh hudng cua cdc ca quan chiic ndng, de vide sd dyng vd phdt tridn mang xd hdi thyc sy dem Igi hidu qud tdl nhit, uinh nhiing Ihdng tin dde hgi, gdv b4t 6n cho sy phdt Uidn cua ddt nudc, cy thd Id: Kiim duy^t ch^t chl Thyc tien cho th4y, phuang phdp "gdc cdng", kidm duydt mgng dan gidn nhdt Id chjn cdc trang web dpc hgi, dAng thdi dua cac trang web bj chjn vdo mdt danh sdch "den", sau dd ngdn khdng cho ngudi diing in-ta-ndt tray c^p vdo tat cd cdc trang danh sdch dd, hojc cd thd ngdn chjn chpn lpc ban bdng cdc phucmg tidn ky thujt trdn mgng Kinh nghidm cua Trang Qudc vdn dd ndy Id ban hdnh dgo lugt vd sir dyng in-to-ndt, cy thd: bat cir cd nhan hay dan vj ndo khdng dugrc phdp ty tgo nhihig kdt ndi trye tidp, tdt cd nhihig kdt ndi tryc tiep vdi in-ta-ndt phdi thdng qua nhd cung cap Chinh phi qudn Iy; thudng xuydn gidm sdt, kidm tra cdng tdc bdo vd an ninh, dieu tra vd tray td cdc tiwdng hpp phgm phdp; quy djnh rd nhihig loai thdng tin dde hgi Phdn cip qudn ly ro rdng, c{i the Vira qua, mdt cudc hpi thdo Bp Cdng an td chire, nhidu nhd khoa hpe khdng djnh, vide dp dyng cdc quy djnh ci^a Nha nudc ddi vdi cdc nhd cung cdp djch vu in-ta-ndt vipc ngdn c h ^ thdng tin xdu cdn hgn che Bdi vl, khdng it nhd cung cdp djch vy d$t mdy chu d nudc ngodi, hodc khdng cd ca quan dgi didn Vidt Nam d nudc ngodi, didu ndy tgo "l5 hdng" qudn Iy Lyc lup'ng hogt dpng qudn Iy trdn in-ta-ndt ciia m$t sd don vi d nudc ta vita thidu, vilra ydu vd nghidP vy, djc bidt, nhidu hogt d$ng chdng chdo, bdt c|lp, khdng phdn bipt chinh, phy, khidn ndy sinh hipn tupng "manh ndy Idm" Vide rd sodt, thdng kd, ddnh gid dung thyc trgng cdc trang mgng xd h$i, blog cd nhdn cd ihdng 84 So 844 (than|> Dim 2013) Tap €h< C«ng satn tin xdu, d0c hgi hidn van chua dupc thyc hidn mdt cdch ddy dii vd todn dipn Do dd, chiing ta cdn phdn cdp vd giao trich nhidm cho timg don vj cy thd, nhanh chdng thdng kd vd cdng bd danh sdch nhflng trang web, blog, diln ddn cd thdng tin dde hgi, tit dd ik nhihig gidi phdp ngdn chjn kjp thdi Xdy chfng bp lpc cong ngh4 Trudc mdt, can ban hdnh cdc lu|t kiem sodt in-ta-ndt cy thd han, xdy dyng vd thidt kd cdc bd lpc cdng nghd, cdnh sdt mang Mjit khdc, ydu cdu cdc cdng ty cung cdp djch vy in-ta-ndt phdi cd trdch nhidm kidin sodt npi dung trdn mgng Ngodi ra, cdc co quan bdo chi, traydn thdng phdi ddng tdi nhQng npi dung thdng tin chinh thdng nhat dd cd sy djnh hudng vd chidm linh khdng gian trdn in-ta-ndt DJc bipt, cdn dp dyng cdc bipn phdp theo ddi, ydu cau ddng ky tdn thgt dd kidm sodt cdc hdnh vi trdn mgng, dp dyng kidm duypt cuSng chd ddi vdi nhihig ngudi sir dyng in-ta-ndt Xu ly nghiem nhimg ke tuyen truyen thdng tin dpc hgi Can xd Iy nghidm nhihig Ipi dyng trayen thdng xd hdi dd ddng tai nhihig thdng tin dde hgi, kich dpng bgo logn; ddng thdi, ydu cdu cdc mgng xd hpi tim cac bipn phdp nhdm ngdn ch$n nhihig thdng tin dde hgi tidn in-ta-ndt Truydn thdng xB hpi tgo dio tdt cd mpi cdng ddn xd hdi du?c ldng nghe vd cd CO hdi thd hipn minh 'Hiy nhidn, tiong nhihig thay ddi dd, cdn hidu 16 ddu Id ngudn tin chinh thdng, khdng bj "nhilm" tir nhihig y den tdi, thgm chi gdy dnh hudng nghidm trpng ddn sy phdt tridn cda ddt nudc Thd gidi h i ^ Id thd gidi md, tdt ca mpi ngudi trdn thd gidi duprc binh ddng vd quydn hudng thy thdng tm, dd, vipc phdt ttiln tiuydn thdng T& h0i Id didu tdt ydu •Riy nhidn, cdn phai cd sy djnh hudng, "gdc cdng" nghiem ng$t, trdnh logi hinh truydn thdng dang "hot" ndy tr* thdnh "bdn sao" cua thudc nd di-na-im'tO ... nudc ngodi, didu ndy tgo "l5 hdng" qudn Iy Lyc lup''ng hogt dpng qudn Iy trdn in -ta- ndt ciia m$t sd don vi d nudc ta vita thidu, vilra ydu vd nghidP vy, djc bidt, nhidu hogt d$ng chdng chdo, bdt c|lp,... qua in -ta- ndt" ^ Thdng tin tren mang ni hfi: tot xau lin \QD Thdi gian qua, trdn cac trang web, blog "den" d Vidt Nam xuat hidn nhidu thdng tin sai Ipch nhdm bdi nhp Idnh dgo Sdng, Nha nudc ta, ... tu tudng chdng ddi, bat mdn, nhdm thiic ddy "ty chuyen hda" xa hdi ta Thu ba, mpt sd nhd vdn, nha bao, nhd nghifin cim dang tai nhifiu tin, bai khdng diing sy that, sai trii, phan ddng trfin