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Nguyen Thi H6ng ViSn Tap chi KHOA HOC & C N G NGHE 126(12): 135-140 DI DAN VA VAN DE BAO TON THIEN NHIEN TAI V l / d N QUOC GIA CUC PHU'ONG Nguyen Thi H6ng Vign' Trudng Dai hpc Khoa hoc - DH Thai Nguy TOMTAT Vudn Quflc gia Ciic Phuong dugc thdnh ldp theo quylt djnh sfl 18-QDLN 08/01/1-"lee ciia Tong cue Ldm nghigp Trong thdi gian mdi thdnh lap, nhiing tdc dpng dgn hg sinh thdi riiiig chua nghigm ttgng mdc dii ngudi dan chii yeu song phu thugc vdo rimg Din giai doan 1976 - 1986, cflng tdc qudn ly, bdo vg rimg trd nen phirc tgp va gdp nhilu kho khan dan sfl tdng qua nhanh Ban Qudn ly Vudn QuIc gia C6c Phuong dd ldp phuong dn di chuyin dan mpt s6 thfln khfli Vudn vd coi nhu Id mgt phuang dn giai quylt nhirng khfl khdn ttong cdng tdc bao tfln hg sinh thdi ty nhign, ndng cao ddi sflng cho ngudi ddn dia phucmg Bai bao tdp tmng nghign ciiu vl qud ttinh chuygn dan vd ddnh gid ve hieu qud kinh te - xd hgi va bao tfln thign nhign cua cong tdc chuyin dan khdi Vudn Qudc gia C6c Phuong Tir khfla: Di ddn, Bdo ton thien nhiin Vudn Qudc gia CUc Phuang, Ngheo ddi, Chdt phd rung DAT VAN DE Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong cd tdng dien tich 22,200ha, thugc tinh: Ninh Binh (50,1%), Hoa Binh (26,4%) va Thanh Hoa (22,5% dien tich), dupc lap theo quyet djnh sd 18QDLN 08/01/1966cua Tdng cue Lam nghigp Nhipm vy chinh ciia Vudn la quan ly, bao vp, xay dung nhdm phuc vu nghien ciiu khoa hgc, tham quan du Ijch va hpc tap [1] Trong thdi gian mdi lap, dan cu sdng dia phgn Vudn la 250 nhan khau thudc xa Cue Phuong (huy?n Nho Quan - Ninh Binh) vd ban 500 nhan khau thudc xa Thgch Lam (huyen Thgch Thanh - Thanh Hoa), Yen Nghiep, An NghTa (huy§n Lgc Son - Hoa Binh) Nhirng tac dpng din he sinh thai rirng chua din miic nghiem trpng mac dii ngudi dan chil yeu sdng phu thupc vao rimg Din giai doan 1976 - 1986, cdng tac quan ly, bao ve rimg ttd nen phiic tgp va ggp nhieu khd khdn dan sd tang qua nhanh Nam 1986, dan sd xdm thupc xa Cue Phuong (Bdng, Min, Dan, Dang, Mac, Ddng Con) song pham vi Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuang len tdi 686 ngudi Ngudi dan dja phuong phu thudc rdt nhilu vao khai thac cac ngudn Ipi tir rimg: idy gd, ciii, ddt ttdng ttpt, chdn nudi, thjt thu rimg, , De dap iing cac nhu cau cupc sdng hang cho so dan tdng gan lan 20 ndm, cdng dong dia phuong da tdng cudng chat phd rimg, ddt rimg lam nuong ray, sdn bdn dpng vat hoang da, thu hai cac lam san khac: cui, mang, mdc nhT, may, chudi, cac logi cii, qua, hat, cay thudc, hoa canh Cac san pham dupc cgng ddng dja phuong sir dung rat da dgng va deu dupc khai thac quanh nam, tap ttung vao cac thang dau nam va cudi ndm Sy tiep xiic vdi nhifng ngudi buon ban dpng thuc vit hoang da da thiic ddy ngudi dan dia phuang sdn bdn, chat pha nhilu hon Hogt dpng khai thac ttai phep vi muc dich thuong mai dgc biet khd kiem soat luc lupng kiem lam it, ngudi dan dia phuong nam rd dja ban Cac san pham khai thac chii yeu la cac loai quy hilm, cd nguy ca tuyet chiing Tinh ttgng khai thac qua miic da de dog nghiem ttpng den tai nguyen rimg NhiSu khu vyc trd dat trdng, ddi ttpc Hang nam , cd khoang - lOha rimg tu nhien biin nuong riy, xay hang tram vu chat trdm gd, hang trdm vy sdn ban ttai phep Nhieu ioai suy giam hdn ve sd lupng ca the qudn the, dgc bipt cac loai quy hiem nhu ttdn, vopc quan diii ttdng Su md rpng phgm vi dinh cu cua nguai tgo sy chia cdt khu 'Tei-0913 571753 135 Nguygn Thi Hflng Vien Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE rung, su cdch biet giira cac quan the dan den sd lugng cac qudn thi suy giam dang kl Ngheo ddi la nguyen nhan quan trgng nhat ddn din tinh ttang khai thac tai nguyen rimg tgi VQG Cue Phuong Trudc nam 1986, tren 50% dan sd xa Cue Phuong sdng Vudn Qudc gia Cue Phuang khdng dii an tir - thang/nam, cd nhirng hp thieu ddi tif - thdng/ndm, cudc sdng bang phu thupc hoan toan vao khai thac cac san pham riing Ngudi dan hdu nhu khdng tich luy dupc luong thuc, thuc pham cho cac thdng giap hgt, thii dang gia nhdt ttong gia dinh la mpt sd vat nudi: trau, bd, Ign, gia cam Ngudi dan dia phuong hau nhu khdng cd dieu kien quan tam din y te, bdo ve mdi trudng Chiia benh bdng ciing ma, cung giang la phuong phap phd biin He thdng dudng giao thdng thieu, khdng cd dien thap sang la mpt hgn chl rdt Idn ddi vdi cdng ddng tiip xiic vdi xa hpi ben ngoai va nhiing tyu khoa hpc ky thugt Da phan tre em bd bgc sdm, di hpc khdng diing tudi hoac khdng dupc di hpc Ty le mil chir cao, trinh dp dan tri thap Nhi8u hii tuc phat trien manh va rdng Viec thu hut ngudi dan dia phuong vao cac hoat dpng ciia Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong gap nhieu khd khan va hau nhu khdng cd ket qua ttinh dp dan tri thap va nhirng nhgn thiic ve gia tri ciia Vudn ttong cdng ddng cdn rat hgn che, Tham chi, mdt bp phan ngudi dan dia phuang khdng iing hd Ban Quan ly Vudn ttong cdng tac quan ly, bao ve rirng Ciic Phuong Trudc nhiing khd khdn ciia cdng ddng va nguy co suy giam he sinh thai rirng tu nhien Ban Quan ly Vudn Qudc gia Cue Phuong da lap phuong an dieu chinh lai dan cu phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat, di chuyin dan mpt sd thdn khdi Vudn Quoc gia va coi nhu la mpt phuong an giai quyet nhiing khd khan cdng tac bao tdn hp sinh thai ty nhien, nang cao ddi sdng cho ngudi dan dia phucmg 136 126(12): 135-140 PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUXJ Nhdm phuong phap nghien cuu ly thuyet Phuang phdp phdn tich, tdng h^ tdi Ueu Phan tich tai lipu la phuong phap nghien ciiu cac van ban, tai lieu bdng each phan tich chung timg mat, timg bd phan de hieu vdn de mpt each day du va toan di?n, tir chpn lpc nhiing thdng tin quan ttpng cho de tdi nghien cihi Phuong phap tdng hpp la lien kit timg mat, timg bp phan thdng tin tir cac ly thuylt da thu thgp dupc dl tao mpt he thdng ly thuylt mdi day du va sau sdc vl chii de nghien ciiu Trong qua trinh thuc hien, cac tai lipu dugc thu thgp tir nhieu nguon khac nhau: BQL Vudn qudc gia Cue Phuong, Uy ban nhan dan xaCiic Phuong, Nhom phiroDg phap nghien cuu thuc tien Phmmg phdp quan sdt khoa hoc Day la phuong phap tti giac ddi tupng mpt each cd he thdng de thu thap thdng tin vl ddi tupng, mdt hinh thiic quan trpng cua nhan thiic kinh nghiem thdng tin, nhd quan sat ma ta cd thdng tin vl ddi tupng, tren co sd dd tien hanh cac budc tim hieu, kham pha tiep theo Phuong phap quan sat khoa hpc dugc thuc hien thang tai khu vyc nghidn ciiu, co ket hop vdi phdng van va tim hilu, chyp anh Phuang phdp dieu tra Phuong phap dieu tta dupc sii dung chu yeu la phdng van Day la phuong phap ndi chuyen tryc tiep vdi ddi tupng (ngudi dan dja phuang - 100 hd), vdi bp cau hdi md theo chii de dupc chuan bi trudc va cac cau hdi phat sinh qua ttinh quan sat khoa hpc, cdng cy ho trp la may ghi am Phirong phdp phdn tich h^ thdng Day la phuang phap duoc sir dung ttong sudt qua ttinh xac dinh van de, xay dung de cuong va thyc hien de tai Cdc hogt ddng chinh bao ham gdm phan logi, phan tich, hp thong hda va tdng hgp tai lieu, quan sat khoa hpc Phuang phdp todn hoc Nguygn Thi Hflng Vign Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Dupc sir dung de xii ly sd lieu qua trinh nghien ciiu KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ Ke hoach di chuyen va tinh hinh thirc hien Trong thdi gian tir 1986 - 1995, Vudn Qudc gia Cue Phuong ket hpp vdi chinh quyen dja phuang chuyen 223 hd ngudi Muong khdi phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat cua Vudn Chu truong chuyen dan dugc danh gia la diing ddn, phil hpp, dugc da phdn ngudi d&i ung hd Giai do^n 1986-1990 Ngay 6/10/1986, Hdi ddng Bd trudng quylt djnh 251/CT ve viec chuyin dan xdm Bdng, Min, Ddn, Dang, Mgc, Ddng Con - xa Ciic Phuang, huyen Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh khdi Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuang Ban chuyen dan bao gdm chinh quyin dia phuong, can bp Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong va can bd chu chdt ciia xd dugc lap thang 1/1987 Ngudi dan tu xdm ban ddu dugc td chiic lgi thdnh thdn; Ddng Bdt, Ddng Quan, Ddng Tam, thupc xa Ciic Phuang Thdn xa nhat (Ddng Bdt) each ttung tam Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong khoang 6km Dia dilm chuyen dan den la Dpi 4, Ndng trudng chan nudi ttau su'a Phiing Thugng thupc xa Ciic Phuong vdi tdng dien tich 735,2ha, cd 447ha ddt ndng nghiep Sau chuyen xdm Bdng, Men, Dan, Ddng Con, yeu cau ciia dan xdm Dang, Mac, UBND huyen Nho Quan quyet dinh cat mot phan ddt cua cac xa Vdn Phuong, Ky Phii, Van Phu - huyen Nho Quan cho chuyin dan, bao gom 24ha ddt rupng lua vu, 47ha ddt hoang hoa [4] Ngay 25/12/1990, dpt chuyin dan ddu tten hoan thanh, dupc danh gia la cong Qua trinh chuyin gdm dgt: Dgt 1: 1987 - 1988, di chuyin dugc 63 hp, dgt 2: 1988 - 1990, di chuyin 67 hd [4] Chinh Phii, Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuang da cd nhiing chinh sach hd trp cdng tac di chuyen, giup cdng dong dja phuong dn dinh ddi sdng Toan bd di chuyen md ma, nha cira 126(12); 135- 140 cay lau nam, hoa mau deu dupc den bii bang tien mat va hd trp gao dn thang cho mdi hp Cac hg di chuyen nam 1987, 1988, ngoai tien mat, mdi hd dupc hd tro; chuyin xe van chuyin khdng phai tta tien, chuyen thir trd len phai tta 5.000 ddng/chuyln; moi khdu dupc ban 78kg ggo an, gia 50 ddng/kg; mdi hg dugc mua 2.000 vien ngdi; khuyin khich cho cac hd di chuyen trudc thdi hgn tir 40.000 - 100.000 ddng/hO- Do viec di chuyen keo dai, thdi gia thay ddi, den nam 1989, miic den bii dugc tang len ldn va bai bd cac chinh sach hd ttp vl hien vat, phuang tien van chuyin, toan bp dupc din bii bang tiln [4] Ban chuyin dan hd ttp 600 cay giong dn qua, thdc gidng, phan bdn, dua ky su ndng nghiep quy hoach cho mdi hp gia dinh mpt vudn cay quanh nha, Tdng sd tiln chi phi cho 63 hp dan di chuyin dgt dau la 38,448.000 ddng, do, din bu bdng tien mat 6.971.000 ddng Chi phi cho 67 hd dan chuyin dpt la 182.759.000 ddng, bao gdm din bu true tiep, chi phi xay dung co ban: dap nudc, tu siia trudng hpc, lam dudng, trgm xa Giai dogn 1993 ' 1995 Tran CO sd quylt djnh sd 5319/KTTH ciia van phdng Chinh phu 22/10/1993 vl viec chuyen 72 hd dan xdm Cui (xd Yen Nghiep), Vopc (xa An NghTa), huyen Lgc Son, tinh Hoa Binh khdi Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuang xet theo de nghj ciia Bd Lam nghidp va UBND tinh Hoa Binh tgi cdng vdn sd 2188-LS/CNR 27/9/1993, Vudn Quoc gia Ciic Phuang ket hgp vdi huyen Lgc Son lap Ban chuyen dan Lac Son, lap kl hogch di chuyen Xdm Cui gdm 47 hd (272 khdu) ngudi Muong nam don ddc ttong mpt thung lung nhd each trung tam Vudn 4km, ddi sdng kinh td khd khdn Ngudn sdng chii yeu ciia ngudi dan la tir san bfin chim thii, khai thac gd, hai lugm cay, rau, hoa qua, tr^ng luang thyc va Ilia vdi dien tich 8ha, lam nuong ray Trong xdm khdng cd ttgm y te, chi cd mgt ngdi nha tranh dien tich 24m^ diing lam phdng hpc cho 137 Nguygn Thj Hdng Vign Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE ldp va Idp vdi cd giao Tii Idp ttd len phai xudng trudng trung tam ciia xa each - 8km nen hdu het cac em bd hgc, ty le mu chi? cao, Xdm Vopc cd 25 hd, 116 khdu ngudi dan tpc Mudng nam gan noi dan cu ddng due nen ddi sdng kinh tl cd kha hon Hogt ddng kinh tl chu yiu la san xudt ndng nghiep, san bin chim, thii, khai thac gd tir Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuang Kdt hpp vdi UBND xa Yen Nghiep, An NghTa, Ban chuyin dan tien hanh kiem k8, danh gia tai san: nha cira, hoa mau, cdng ttinh khac va thdng bao cho timg hp ve tdng sd tiln va don gia cu the vao cudi thang 8/1994, Qua trinh chuyen dan gdm dpt: Dpt 1; Tir I/IO 30/10/1994, chuyin dupc 37/30 hd dang ky chuyin; Dgt 2: Tu l/11 - 30/11/1994, chuyin dugc 20/31 hp dang ky chuyen, kinh phi den bll cdn thieu Den 16/7/1995, co ban sd dan da chuyen xong, chi cdn hd chuyen xudng ban Khanh, xa An NghTa, thudc phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat ciia Vudn nen phai van ddng chuyen tiep khdi Vudn Liic sd hd da 16n tdi 93 hd Ban chuyen dan Lgc San thdng nhat den bii cho cac hd dan hoan toan bang tien mat tten co sd don gia den bii theo quylt djnh 134/QD cua UBND tinh Hoa Binh Tdng kinh phi cho cdng tac chuyen dan da chi la 1.031.889.200 ddng [6] Danh gia chung ve chii trinrag chuyen dan Ithdi vudn qudc gia cue phuong Sau di chuyen 223 hp dan khdi phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat ciia Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong, boat dpng kinh te chu yeu vdn la ndng nghiep, phu thudc nhieu vao tu nhien, dac biet la van de tudi tieu Dien tich va chdt lupng dat ndng nghiep Jhdp, da sd hd dlu gap khd khan ve vdn san sugt^i,Rieng xa Ciic Phuong, thdn tap ttung dan sd ciia xdm chuyen cu vln la thdn cd sd hd ngheo cao nhat xd Mac du vay, cac hd dlu duoc tiep can tdt hon vdi cac dieu kien xa hpi ca b^n nhu dien, dudng, ttirdng, ttgm, chg Ty le mii chii giam rd ret, 100% tte em din ttirdng ditng tudi Ddi sdng vdn hoa dupc cai thien, 138 126(12): 135 - 140 cac hli tyc Igc hau vl co ban hi dep bd, chi ton tgi nhd le An ninh ttgt ty dupc dam bao 100% sd hp cd dien sii dung Nhieu hp cd dai, ti vi Ngudi dan budc ddu tiep can vdi nhihig ky thuat mdi, hign dgi va ddn thoat khdi tinh ttang phu thudc vao cac ngudn tai nguy6n rimg He thdng giao thdng dupc dau tu xay dung va ddn hoan thien Chuyen dan khdi Vudn Qudc gia Cue Phuong dugc nhgn dinh la mgt chii truong diing ddn, hgp ly, ve co ban thuc hien dugc nhirng muc tieu da de ra: Dua ngudi dan thoat khdi tmh ttgng sdng phu thudc vao rimg (thdng qua cac chinh sach hd ttp phat trien kinh tl, }^ hdi), giam siic ep len he sinh thai rimg Cdng tac di dan ddng vai ttd quan trpng ttong viec bao ve nguyen ven cac he sinh thai tir nhien tai Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong Tgi khu vyc djnh cu cua xdm Bdng, Men, Dan, Dang, Mgc, Ddng Con - xa Cue Phuong trudc ddy cd hang chuc rimg hi pha lam nuong ray, sd vu vi phgm hang nam len tdi hang trdm vu Sau di dan, sd lugng cac vu vi phgm giam dang ke: 1987 1988 1989 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 So vu vi pham 52 42 38 30 27 20 0 Difn tich rihig bi phi(ha) 1,4 0,3 0 0 0 Dien tich nuong ray phuc hdi tu nhien eho ket qua tdt, cac qudn thi thyc vat phat triln on djnh, nhilu loai chim, thii ty tap trd lai, Ket qua tuong tu tgi khu vuc djnh cu cii xdm Cui' , , , ;,, vaxdm Vopc Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong da dd nghi ngudi dan dia phuong chuyen ddi vat; nudi, kilm soalidan de nhdm tranh nhiing tdc dpng cd hgi Ien he sinh thai vimg dem Do do, ngudi dan chny^ sang chan nudi bd, vua ket' hpp lay siickeo: Ban quan ly Vudn phdi hgp Nguyen Thj Hflng Vign Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE vdi Hgt Kiem lam dja ban phat hipn va xir iy kjp thdi cac vu vi pham, kit hgp vdi cac thdn ldm tdt cdng tac tuySn truyen, van dgng ngudi dan bao v? rung Chuong ttinh Giao due mdi trudng dugc thuc hipn vdi tdt cd cac nhdm ddi tuong: hgc sinh, ngudi dan thu dupc kit qua dang ke Y thiic ngudi dan dupc nang cao, nhgn thiic ve gia tn va vai trd cua hp sinh thai riing day du hon Tren co sd do, siic ep len tai nguyen rimg giam rd ret, ngudi dan cang quan tam tdi hogt ddng bao tdn thien nhien va cd nhirng ddng gdp tich cyc KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Trong thdi gian tir 1986 - 1995, Ban Quan ly VQG Cue Phuong kit hpp vdi chinh quyin dia phuang da di chuyen dupc 223 hd dan khdi phgm vi Vudn, vdi tdng chi phi 1.253.096.000 ddng Ngudi ddn dugc hd trg nha Clia; dat, vdn va ky thugt san xudt; ddu tu cac dich vy xa hdi co ban (dipn, dudng giao thdng, trudng hpc, tram y tl) Di dan khdi Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong ndi rieng va mpt so Khu bao vp ndi chung la chu ttuong hop ly, hd ttp cho cdng tac bao tdn thi^n nhien va phat ttiln kinh tl - xa hdi cho cpng ddng dia phuong Tren co sd nhiing y kien ddng gop cua ngudi dan cac thon khao sat, dac biet thdn Ddng Quan, Dong Tam, Dong Bdt, tac gia dua mpt sd kien nghj vdi chinh quyen dja phuong va Ban quan Iy Vudn Qudc gia Cue Phuong; 126(12): 135-140 + Ciing cd, xay dyng be thdng thuy loi npi ddng, khde phyc tinh ttang thilu nudc san xudt, hd trp ngudi dan xay d\mg bl chira nudc mua diing cho sinh boat + Hd ttp vdn san xuat, gidi thieu, md rdng cac md hinh san xudt, hudng dan ngudi dan ap dung khoa hpc ky thu^t mdi vao san xuat tren CO sd ket hpp vdi cac kien thiic ttuyin thong ttong cpng ddng + Tgo vipc lam phii hgp cho ngudi dan, su dung luc lupng lao dpng san cd tai dia phuang ttong cac boat dgng bao tdn, tao co hpi cho cpng ddng tham gia xay dung va quan ly Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuang TAI LIEU TEIAM KHAQ Hodng Hde (2001), Cdc Vudn Qudc gia Viit Nam, Nhd xuat bdn Nflng nghiep, Hd Nfli Hodng Hoe (2002), Mdy vdn di qudn ly Vudn Qudc gia vd khu bdo tdn thiin nhiin, Nhd xudt bdn Nflng nghiep, Hd Ngi Vudn Quflc gia Ciic Phuang (2002), Bdo tdn thien nhien Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuang, Nha xudt bdn Nflng nghiep, Hd Nfli Luong Dinh Thac (1990), Bdo cdo tdng kit viie thue hien quyit dinh 251/CT ngdy 6/10/1986 cua HDBT vi viic chimin ddn xdm xa Cue Phuang ngodi VQG CUc Phuang UBND xd Ciic Phuang (1995, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2010, 2013), Bdo cdo tinh hinh thuc hiin cdc nhiem vu kinh li xd hgi, an ninh quoc phdng vd phuang hudng nhiim vz/ Ban chuyin ddn Lgc Son, Hda Binh (1995), Bdo cdo tong kit cdng tdc ehuyen ddn xdm Cui, xd Yin Nghiip, ^dm Vogc, xd An NghTa khdi VQG CUc Phuang Nguyen Thj Hflng Vign Tgp chi KHOA HQC & C N G NGHE 126(12): 135 - 140 SUMMARY MIGRATION AND NATURE RESERVES ISSUES EV CUC PHUONG NATION PARK Nguyen Thi Hong Vien* College of Sciences - TNU In 08/01/1966, Cue Phuong national park was established by decision No 18-QDLN of Forestry Head Department When national park was estblished, local people impacts to ecosystem in national park is not serious although local people was subsidiary to nature resources But from 1976 - 1986, management and protection activities were become complicated and had many difficulties because population in park increased quickly Cue Phuong national park management board has a plan to adjust population in national park core zone, move some communes to outside national park This plan was one of project that was solved difficulties of ecosystem protection acvivities and improved local people life quality The article focuses on the study progress and assessment of the effectiveness of moving population out from the Cue Phuong National Park in terms of economic, social and nature conservation Key words: Migration, Nature Reserve, Cue Phuong National Park, Poverty, Logging and devastatedforest Ngdy nhdn bdi; 15/9/2014, Ngdy phdn bien: 10/10/2014; Ngdy duyet ddng- 25/10/2014 Phdn bien khoa hoc: ThS Nguyin Thi Dong - Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hge - DHTN 'Tel-0913 571753 140 ... cho cac thdng giap hgt, thii dang gia nhdt ttong gia dinh la mpt sd vat nudi: trau, bd, Ign, gia cam Ngudi dan dia phuong hau nhu khdng cd dieu kien quan tam din y te, bdo ve mdi trudng Chiia... an, gia 50 ddng/kg; mdi hg dugc mua 2.000 vien ngdi; khuyin khich cho cac hd di chuyen trudc thdi hgn tir 40.000 - 100.000 ddng/hO- Do viec di chuyen keo dai, thdi gia thay ddi, den nam 1989, miic... hd dlu duoc tiep can tdt hon vdi cac dieu kien xa hpi ca b^n nhu dien, dudng, ttirdng, ttgm, chg Ty le mii chii giam rd ret, 100% tte em din ttirdng ditng tudi Ddi sdng vdn hoa dupc cai thien,
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