LY H A N H SON 12! DSttanH/do VA VAN DE ON DINH DAN ClT DAN TOC d TINH DAK NONG HIEN NAY' LY H A N H Dat va n de D SkNdng la mpttinh dTay Nguyen, mdi dupe tai lap vao nam 2003, cd tdng dien tich tU nhien la 6.514,38km^ nam trpn tren cao nguyen Mndng, cd ddn v| hanh chinh, huyen bien gidi vdi 130km dudng bien, cCra khau thdng thuong vdi Campuchia Tren dia ban tinh cd nhieu sdng, sudi, hd, dap Idn tien Ipi eho phat trien thuy Ipi, thCiy dien, du Hch sinh thai Hien nay, toan tinh cd khoang 510.500 ngudi, 40 dan tdc khae gom cac tpc tai chd, ngudi Kinh (Viet) da djnh eU lau ddi va cac tpe ngudi tU phia Bac mdi di eU tu vao day Ve co eau dan tpc, ngudi Viet chiem 67,9% tong dan so toan tinh; Mndng 8,2%; hai dan tdc Tay va Nung la 5,6%; Hmdng cd 4,5%; Dao 0,5%; cae tdc ngUdi khae rat it €)en da cd nhieu hpc gia nghien cUu ve di dan tu Trong dd, ket qua thuc hien de tai cap bd "Di dan tuphdt cua cac dan tqc thieu sq Tay, Nung, Daq tU Bac vao Nam" * TS, Vien Dan toe hoc ' Bai vik la san phSm eua dd tai TN3/X05 "Quan he toe nguai va chidn luoc xay dung kh6i dai dcin kSt dan toe phat trign bkn vung Tay Nguyen" thupe chuong tiinh Khoa hoc va Cong nghe diim cSp Nha nuac: "Khoa hoc va eong nghe phuc vu phat trign kinh tk - xa hoi vung lay Nguyen" (KHCN - TN3/1115) SON* Khong Dien lam chu nhiem (1999) da de cap den sd lupng, sU bUc xuc, nguyen nhan va nhUng tac dpng cua di cU tu bdi mpt sd tdc ngudi tCr cac tinh mien nui phfa Bac vaoTay Nguyen va mien Bdng Nam Bd; cdng trinh "Di dan tudo cua cdc dan tqc Tay, Nung, Hmdng, Dao tU Cao Bang va Lang Sdn vdo Bail Lali giai doan 1986 - 2000" ciia NguySn Ba Thuy (2004) da nghien cUu chuyen sau ve eae chieu canh di dan t u cCia dan tpc Tay, Nung, Hmdng va Dao tU hai tinh Lang Son, Cao Bang den Dak Lak nhiing nam 1986 - 2000; dac biet, luan an tien sV'Di ddn tudo Ciia ngudi himdngdmien Tay Thanh Hoa va Nghe An hien nay" cua Dau Tuan Nam (2009) khdng chi neu len thiTc trang va nhOng tac ddng hai mat den phat trien kinh te - xa hdi bdi di dan tiT cua ngudi Hmdng d hai tinh Thanh Hda va Nghe An hien nay, ma cdn phan tich kha sau sac cac nguyen nhan dan den di cU tU cua dong bao Tuy nhien, nghien cUu ve tinh hinh di dan tudo cija cac tpe ngUdi gan vdi van de on djnh dan eU dan tde bdi canh mdi van dang b6 ngd, nhat la tai dia ban tinh Dak Nong Tinh hinh di dan tir den tinh OiV Nong Bak Ndng la tinh hijng chiu mpt so lupng dan di cUtudo keo den cang ddng due Tap ehi Khoa hpe xa hdi mien Trung, so (31) - 2014 13 gay khd khan cho cdng tac quy hoach sap nhan dan dnh Dak Ndng, den da cd xep on dinh dan cu, nhat la viec cai thien cac 3.394 hd vdi 18.979 khau, chu yeu tap trung d hai huyen Dak Glong va Tuy DUc Bay thUe co sd tang, thue hien ehu truong, chinh sU khd khan ddi vdi viee sap xep, on djnh sach ho trd phat trien san xuat cija Bang va dan cu cua eae CO quan ehUe nang tinh Bak Nha nudc Theo bao eao eua Chi cue Phat Ndng Bdi vi, tU sau nam 2004, mac du da cd trien ndng thdn thupc Sd Ndng nghiep va Thdng bao so 52/TB-VPCP 25/3/2002 Phat trien ndng thdn tinh Dak Ndng, tdng CLia Van phdng Chinh phu ve viec khac phuc so dan di eu t u keo den cac dia phuong lan sdng di eu tu cua cac dan tdc tU phi'a thupc tinh tU nam 2001 den nam 2011 Bac di vao Tay Nguyen va Chi thi so 39/2004/ la 7.097 hd vdi 35.800 nhan khau, dd, CT-TTg 21/12/2004 cua Thu tudng giai doan 2001 - 2005 la 2.990 hp vdi 16.762 Chfnh phu ve mdt so ehlj truong, giai phap nhan khau, giai doan 2006 - 2011 la 4.107 hd tiep tue giai quyet tinh trang dan di cu t i i do, vdi 19.038 nhan khau Tuy vay, neu tinh tU song tinh hinh ngudi Hmdng va mdt sd dan 1996 den thang 3/2012 thi tong sd dan di eU tdc khac van tiep tue di cUvao tinh Bak Ndng tudo keo den tinh Dak Ndng da la 22.597 hd, vdi nhdng dien bien khdng d at nhUng 105.210 ngudi (Xem bing 1) B^ng Tdng hop dSn di cU tiT cac tinh phia Bic den cac huyen tinh D^k Nong TT Dia b^n Iiuyen Krong No CUJiit Dak Song TXGiaNglila Dak Glong Dak R'Mp DakMU T\iyDilc T^ng cong Giai doan 1996 - 2000 Ho 1.879 1.921 3.803 2.025 2.299 2.093 735 552 15.307 Giai doan 2001 - 2005 Giai doan 2006 - 2012 Khau Ho Khau Hp 8.611 8.144 17.049 8.768 10.352 9.942 3.477 2.102 68.445 35 203 44 172 1.302 776 100 551 3.183 169 1.033 181 920 7.709 4.099 505 3.111 17.727 364 70 35 1.990 10 52 1.586 4.107 Khau 1.308 343 149 Tong 1996 - 3/2012 Ho 2.278 2.194 3.882 2.197 9.805 5.591 109 2.879 301 887 7.023 2.689 19.038 22.597 Khau 10.088 9.520 17.379 9.688 27.866 14.150 4.283 12.236 105.210 Nguon: Bao cdo tinh hinh thuc hien sap xep, on dinh dan di cu tudo tren dia ban tinh Dd/c Ndng cua Chi cue Phat then ndng thdn tinh Dai< Ndng, so 79/PTNT-KH, 26 thdng nam 2012 Tren eo sd sd lieu d bang eho thay, sd ngudi di eutif den tinh Dak Ndng tU nam 1996 den nam 2012 la rat Idn Hon nUa, qua ket qua khSo sat vao thang nam 2013 edn eho biet them, phan tdc ngudi di cU den Bak Ndng ehu yeu la Hmdng, Dao, Tay, Nung, MUdng,Thai; mot sd dan tdc nhUTho, Ld Ld, Ha Nhi chiem so lupng It Rieng tde ngudi Hmdng, theo bao eao eCia Uy ban cang phUc tap hon Bieu dd dupe the hien kha rd qua bang dtren, khidecapden eae giai doan 2001 - 2005 va tU nam 2006 den Ngoai ra, cung ed the theo ddi van de qua cac nam dupc de cap bang sau day (Xem bang 2) Cac so lieu bang da chi rang, phan Idn dan di cU t u dp den BSk Ndng tCr sau nam 2004 den nam 2010 deu tap trung V) HANH SON 14 Bang Tong hop dan di cU tU til c^c tinh phia Bac v^o cac huyin cija tinh D i k Nong giai doan nam 2004 den nam 2010 TT Hay^n 2005 2004 2007 2006 Ho Khau Ho Khau H6 Khau Ho 12 49 Krong No 11 42 2008 2009 2010 Tons Cijiit 32 Ho Khau H6 Khau H6 Khau Ho Khau 344 1.218 41 375 1.3S0 S3 311 70 343 Dak Song 12 52 23 Gia Nghia 12 66 22 Dak Glong 317 1.842 346 1.956 329 1,459 DakR'lIp 31 Dak Mil TuyDilc 18ng Khau 97 143 599 2.982 759 4,243 219 850 23 39 158 52 38 206 386 1.733 301 524 2.417 434 2.407 313 852 378 2.156 399 2.257 341 1.508 1.004 4.799 1.765 8.587 653 3.212 344 932 35 149 )4 209 2.592 13.326 31 J58 90 507 1.657 7.409 4.884 23.451 Ngudn: Bdo cao cua Chi cue Phdt trien ndng than tinh Bali Ndng vao hai huyen D^k Glong, Tuy DUc Theo Chi cue Phat trien ndng thdn va Ban Dan tdc tinh D^k Ndng, hau het nhUng ngudi di cu vao hai huyen deu la ngUdi Hmdng Hp khdng chi tU eae tinh phia Bae ma cdn di chuyen d^n day til cac tinh tren dia ban Tay Nguyen, bdi d Dak Glong va Tuy DUe la ndi tap trung chO yeu nhufng ngudi Hmdng theo Tin lanh Vi vay, gan day dai dien ngudi Hmdng d hai dja ban va d Dak Lak da de xuat yeu eau den eae eo quan ehUc nang cho phep hp lap trung tam Tin lanh eua ngudi Hmdng d tren dat Tay Nguyen Neu chi xem xet hai xa Bak N'Drung va Thuan Ha cua huyen Dak Song thi, Thuan Ha la xa 100% ngudi dan di eu tU den til eae tinh Lang Son, Cao Bang, Bac Kan Tren dja ban xa hien cd 1.164 hp, 4.597 khau, cac tde ngudi thieu sd la 330 hd vdi 1.432 khau, edn lai 834 hd vdi 3.166 khau ngudi Kinh Song, tat eJ deu la dan di cU tu den lap nghiep tU sau nam 2000, dd ngudi Kinh chu yeu tU cac tinh Thai Binh, PhuThp,Thanh Hda, Nghe An Rieng xa BSk N'Drung hien cd 2.147 hd vdi 9.437 khau, nhung ehi cd 375 hd vdi 2.109 khau ngudi Mndng la dan tai cho, so edn lai gdm cac dan tdc Kinh, Tay, Nung, IWudng, Dao, Thai, Hoa, Tho, Cao Lan deu la dan di cUtU tU cac tinh phia Bac va sd ft ngUdi Kinh di cu npi tinh hoac tUflak Lak va tU mdt so tinh dTay Nguyen Nhuvay, chi can diem qua tinh trang dan di cu tu tai mot sd dia ban eCia tinh Dak Ndng cung da chi rang, van de di cU tU eOa cac toe ngUdi thieu sd tU cac tinh phfa Bac den day ludn cd nhOng dien bien philc tap, nhat la bd phan ngudi Hmdng.Tmh hinh da, dang va se cd nhiJng tac ddng hai mat tdi viee on dinh xa hdi va phat trien ben vUng cua tinh, nhat la viec sap xep bp tri lai cae khu dan cu Trong dd, mat tich cue dupe the hien d chd: (1) Di dan ndi chung, di dan t u d o ndi rieng giup dieu phoi thj trudng lao ddng, tao ngudn nhan luc cho phat trien kinh te - xa hdi d d|a phuong thdng qua viec on djnh dan cU, dau t u ho trp ve nhi^u mat; (ii) Ket qua thue hien cae chfnh saeh 6n djnh dan cU dan tpc tai noi xuat cu va noi nhap cu thudng dem lai nhumg thay ddi to Idn cho Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hoi mien Trung, so (31) - 2014 dong bao cac dan tpc ve co sd tang, lao dpng viec lam, ddi song xa hpi d cac dja phuong nhieu tinh mien nui phia Bac va Tay Nguyen, co Dak Nong; (iii) Cac cupe di d^n tirdo luon tao nhCrng dja ban cU tru xen l HANH SON 16 den da dat dupe nhUng ket qua dang ke Theo Bao cao sd 79/PTNT-KH, 26/3/2012 cua Chi cue Phat trien Ndng thdn tinh Bak Ndng ve Tinh hinh thuc Men sap xep, on dinh dan di cU tu tren dia ban tinh Bai< Nong, chi 10 nam, tinh tU 2001 den 2011, tinh da soat ke hoach va bd trf sap xep, on djnh dupe 3.462 hd vdi 19.059 ngudi dan di cU tU den day Trong dd, tong sd hddan di cUtudo dupc hd trp kinh phi de dn djnh cupe sdng la 2.322 hd 8.051 khau, vdi tdng kinh phi ho trp dupe la 13.646 trieu dong tUvdn sU nghiep di dan; cdn lai la eae hd dan di cU tU da tU on djnh ndi eU tru, phat trien san xuat theo quy hoach cCia dja phupng ma khdng phai di ddi den noi djnh eanh djnh cU tap trung hay phSi xen ghep vdi dan sd tai (Xem bang 3) Trudc finh hinh dd tinh flak Ndng chij trpng vi sU nghiep on dinh dan eu dan toe tai eae dja ban, ke ca nhUng ndi vung sau, vung bien gidi, nhat la tU ed Quyet djnh sd 33/2007/Qfl-TTg 5/3/2007 cCia ThCl tudng Chfnh phij ve Chinh sach ho trddidon thuc hien dinh canh dinh cUcho ddng bao dan tqc thieu so giai doan 2007 den 2010 Qua qua trinh thuc hien cac dU an, tinh Dak Ndng da dat dUde nhUng ket qua kha quan viec Bang Danh muc cac duan sap xep, on djnh dan di ctftirdo dl dau tif tCr 2006 den 2012 cua tinh Dal< Nong Dan vi: Trieu dong TT Danh muc Dia diem jdy diing Muc ti^u dii an ThM gian KCHT S6QD, DiT an hoan tif nam201I v^tnldc DA phat trien SX va xoa doi giam ngheo cho dong bao DCTD huyen Dak Glong Huyen Dak Glong DADCDC khu viic Con Dau, Ea P6, Ctljiit V6nb6trid^n KH2012 Quyft dinh dau tU Trong Tdng dau tii NSTW NSDP 80.337 78.134 2.203 1.983 ho 10.629 khau Tlieo ke hoach Nha nil6c giao 1410/QDUBND, 25/10/ 2007 53.468 53.468 Huyen CUJiit 238 ho 1.083 Khau 20062008 1755/QDUBND, 21/11/ 2005 10.933 8.730 15.936 15.936 2.203 Trong T6ngs6 NSTW 64.539 64.539 49.700 49.700 4.930 4.930 9.909 9.909 DA 6n dinh dan D C T D Huyen 183 h o k h u Trang Ba, Dak 867 Dak Ha, Dak Glong khau Glong 1613/QD2006- UBND, 2008 22/12/ 2006 Nguon: Bao cdo eCia Chi cue Phdt then nong thdn tinh Dak Ndng Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hdi mien Trung, so (31) - 2014 on djnh dan cu dan tdc, nhat la da xay dung dupc nhdng khu dan cU djnh canh djnh cd tap trung hoac xen ghep Ben canh dd, tinh cdn d^ xuat ke hoach tiep tuc cdng cudc on djnh dan cu dan tdc cho den nam 2015 vdi muc tieu xay dung nhieu diem dan cU dinh canh dinh cU dudi hai hinh thdc tap trung hay xen ghep bang each tiep thu kinh nghiem va bai hpc tU viec thuc hien cdng tac d cac giai doan trudc Cd the ndi, day la giai phap tot nhat de on djnh ddi sdng va phat trien san xuat cho ngUdi dan cac tdc ngUdi d tinh D i k Ndng tren co sd cai thien cac CO sd tang ve dudng, trUdng, tram, thdng tin truyen thdng Mot so van de dat doi vd^i viec on dinh dan cUdan toe - On dinh dan cU dan tpe d tinh DSk Ndng ndi riing, d cdc tinh mien nui va bien gidi noi chung la mpt qud trinh lau dai vdi nhieu kho khan thach thUe Cdng cudc on djnh dan cU dSn tpc theo hinh thdc djnh canh djnh cu hoac tai djnh canh dinh cU cho cac dan tpc thieu sd ndi chung la chien lUpc trpng tam trpng diem de phat trien kinh te - xa hdi nhUng la mpt qua trinh lau dai Bdi vi, phong trao van ddng bd phan ngudi dan cac tpc ngudi thieu so d mien nui phia Bac son sdng dinh canh djnh cu da dupc trien khai td nhdng nam 60 the ky XX, va keo dai sudt thdi ky hpp tac xa ndng nghiep Sau nam 1986 tien hanh ddi mdi toan dien, hpp tac xa da gicii the de chuyen sang co che kinh te hd gia dinh gan vdi thj trudng nhUng cdng tac djnh canh djnh cu, tUc dn djnh dan cu dan tdc van dang tiep dien dudi nhieu hinh thdc da dang hon nham thich Ung vdi tinh hinh phat trien di len cua dat nudc Su nghiep van ludn dupc coi la mat xich quan trpng chinh sach dan tdc cua D^ng va Nha nUdc, nham tao dieu kien 17 them tot hcfn doi vdi nhu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, nhat la thuc hien cac dUan ho trp cua Nha nUdc, dam bao on djnh chinh trj va an ninh qudc phdng d dja phUOng Hien nay, vdi yeu cau thuc hien cang cd hieu qua cac chfnh sach dau tU phat trien kinh te, dn dinh ddi sdng ngUdi dan tren co sd chuyen ddi CO cau cay vat nudi theo hudng san xuat hang hoa thi su nghiep djnh canh djnh cU ddi vdi mdt bd phan dan cua nhi^u dan tdc thieu sd d cac tinh bien gidi, dd cd tinh Dak Ndng cang trd nen cap bach, khdng chi de giai quyet cac van de di cU tU ma cdn nham dam bao an ninh bien gidi, han che cac te nan xa hdi Bdi vay, thdi gian qua cung nhu hien nay, viec dn djnh dan cU va djnh canh djnh cu d tinh Dak Ndng cung da va dang dupc Nha nUdc, chinh quyen cac cap va cac nganh d dja phuong quan tam thuc hien tren co sd Idng ghep vdi cac chinh sach dat dai, dU an dau tU ho trp phat trien, chuong trinh xoa ddi giam ngheo nhat la thuc hien Quyet djnh sd 33/2007/QO-TTg 5/3/2007 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu - 6n dinh ddn cu dan tpc hien ed quy hoqeh nhUng deu gan vdi ca che mdi va khong chi ddi hoi von ddu tu Idn ma edn ddi hoi ngUdi dan thay doi can ban tap qudn san xudt Cai khd khan Idn nhat giai doan hien ddi vdi viec on djnh dan cu dan tpc, dd cd on djnh ddi sdng cho dan di cU t u d o la viec thieu dat canh tac, thieu ngudn nudc cung nhU dat va rUng san xuat, nhat la tai cac xa da thUc thi Luat Dat dai, thUc hien xong chu trUOng giao dat giao rUng ma khdng cdn quy dat dU phdng Bdi vay, rat nhieu duan on djnh dan cUdan tdc, tUc djnh canh djnh cu tap trung hoac xen ghep va ca tai djnh cU bdi cdng trinh quoc gia da dUpc thUc hien thdi gian gan day deu kha ton kem, phai den bu lay dat cua ngudi dan 18 i sd tai, xay dung mdt sd co sd tang kinh te - xa hpi Tuy vay, thUc hien xong dU an iai sinh nhieu van de phUc tap nhU: can thay ddi tap quan san xuat, sinh hoat cda ngUdi dan, bdi vi phai chuyen ddi cO cau cay trong, nganh nghe san xuat cho phij hpp vdi dieu kien noi d mdi, ngUdi dan hudng thu du an phai tU thich Ung vdi mdi trUdng canh quan noi chpn de dn djnh dan cU, chUa ke viec thay doi cac mdi quan he xa hdi, giao lUu tiep xuc van hoa vdi nhdng ngUdi ddng tdc hoac khac tpc sinh sdng lien ke Day la ca mpt van de Idn, nhat la ddi vdi cac dU an bd tri, sap xep djnh canh dinh cU tap trung - Viec on dinh dan cU ddn tpc hien thuan lai ban ddu co von dau tU cCia Nha nudc, nhUng ve lau dai ngudi don van chua thue sUyen tam on dinh san xudt Su nghiep on dmh dan cu dan tpc, bao gdm on djnh tinh trang di dan tU theo hinh thUc djnh canh djnh cU hoac tai djnh canh djnh cU dieu kien hien gap rat nhieu khd khantUca hai phfa langUdidan va NhanUdc Qua nghien cUudDak Ndng cho thay, neu di rdi dan khdi noi d cu hoac tU rdng phdng hp, rdng bao ton thien nhien de sdng dinh canh djnh cU d npi hoan toan mdi thi se phai tien hanh cac khau chuan bj tai noi se van dpng dan den Trong dd, mot nhUng khau quan trpng hang dau la quy hoach dat dai, bao gdm dat san xuat, dat d, dat rUng de phuc vu cho ngUdi dan khai thac cui ddt, go lam nha, thu hai cac san vat tU nhien Viec chuan bj mdt dien tich dat nhu vay rat tdn kem va phai thUc hien theo dUan cCia Nha nUdc Rieng viec djnh canh djnh cU theo hinh thUc bd tri sap xep lai khu dan cU dtrong pham vi dja vUc thdn, bon dUdi dang son xudng vung thap hon hoac di chuyen den noi thuan Ipi hon ve cP sd tang thi lai gap nhUng trd ngai cho viec phat trien LV H A N H SON san xuat cua ddng bao Bdi cac khu dat sin xuat, cay cdng nghiep cua cac ho gia dinh deu nam tai nOi d cu, each xa noi cU tru mdi, nen ngudi dan phai mat thdi gian di lam Vi the, mua s^n xuat, hp vda cu tru d nha tai noi mdi vUa dtrong lan Duong nhien, viec van chuyen san pham trot thu hoach cung kha vat va Hon nUa, neu xem xet cac ban mdi thUc hi$n djnh canh djnh cu nhu mdt sd bon ngUdi Mndng cacxa DakN'drung,TrUdng Xuan (Dak Song), ngadi Hmdng xa Dak Ngo (Tuy Ddc) cung kha khd khan phat trien chan nudi xung quanh nPi cUtru mdi khong cd bai chanthti gia sue Cac hd nudi bd, trau, de theo dii an vay tien ngan hang chinh sach deu phai chan tha tai cac bai cd d xa nha - ThUc hien on dinh ddn cUdan tpe hien duac ho tra bdi edc ehuang thnh, ehinh sdch eua Nha nude, nhdt Id chinh sdch md rpng dien tich ddt san xudt, tao them viec lam song, cac chinh sdch deu chung chung va dan trai, nhiiu nai kho dp dung va dem lai hiiu qua khong cao Ddi vdi nhUng nPi lay ndng nghiep lam san xuat chfnh, viec on dinh dan cudan tdc, sU thuan Ipi cho phat trien trot va chan nudi cd le chi dien ddi vdi nhUng dja ban cd nhieu rudng nudc,keca thuc hien diJ an khai pha them rudng va tien hanh djnh canh dinh cu tai dd Day la giai phap dang dupc ap dung d nhieu dja phUdng thupc tinh Dak Ndng va nhieu tinh phia Bac qua cac dU an ap dung theo mpt sd quyet djnh cua Chinh phCi, nhat la Quyet djnh so 253/2005/QD-TTg, Quyet djnh sd 160/2007/ QD-TTg, Quyet djnh sd 456/2004/QD-TTg Song, d nhdng dja phuong thieu nudc san xuat thi ap dung giai phap deu kh6 khan Cd nghTa la, giai phap thCiy Ipi va khai pha rudng hoac cung cap nudc de cay cdng nghiep chi thich hpp vdi mot sd die Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hpi mien Trung, sd (31) - 2014 ban d vung thap hon va cd sdng, sudi Trong khi, dn djnh dan cudan tpc ludn la sU nghiep cap bach va mang tinh trpng tam, trpng diem de phat trien ben vijfng d cac tinh mien nui va Tay Nguyen - Nhieu dudn on djnh ddn cudan tpe duac ddu tu ton kem nhung vdn ehua eo bien phdp phu hap, kha thi han de th lau dai va phdt huy cang cd hieu qua, md tdt ca hau nhU deu phu thupc vao cdch thich nghi eua ngUdI dan duac hudng thu dudn Dd la viec tiep tuc tri va phat huy nhdng qua cac du an on djnh dan cU dan tdc da dat dupc thdi gian qua, nhat la giai doan tU 2006 - 2010 Qua ket qu^ nghien cUu cho thay, rat nhieu duan, nhat la nhdng du an on djnh dan cudan tdc theo hinh thUc tap trung dudi dang djnh canh djnh cu, tai djnh canh djnh cutai nhOfng noi thuan tien dudng giao thdng va cac co sd tang khac, thudng gap nhieu khd khan ve dat san xuat, he thdng thCiy Ipi, ke ca nudc sinh hoat Dieu cd nghia la khdng gan ket dupc noi cU tru vdi tap quan san xuat trUdc day cua ngUdi dan, va gan vdi dd la bao tdn van hda tpc ngudi Day ciJng la mdt van de dang dat ddi vdi nhdng npi vCing sau cua tinh Dak Ndng va cac tinh mien nui khacDac biet, viec on djnh dan cUdan tpc tai nhdng dja ban thieu dUdng giao thdng cdn phai tdn kem xay dUng cac cPsdha tang, song tri ket qua cda duan va d^m bao giU dan d lai lau dai thi cang khd khan hon Day cung la van de viec on dinh dan cu tai cac dja ban trpng diem Tay Nguyen va cac tinh mien nui, cd giai quyet tdt mdi giUvilfng an ninh qudc phdng - Viec on dinh dan cu ddn tpe hien eung nguon von eua Nha nude nhung qud nhieu ca quan chu th, dUng chu ddu tu, gay khd khdn cho viee quan ly va gidm sdt, lam cho hieu qua va chdt luang dudn thdp, tham I 1? chi chong cheo nhau, gay thdt thodt lang phi ngan sdch eua Nha nudc Lien quan den viec tri cac dU an dn djnh dan cU dan tdc thieu sd theo cac md hinh dinh canh djnhcu tap trung, xen ghep hoac tai djnh canh dinh cu d vung dan tpc va mien nui ndi chung van cdn bat cap viec chu tri, quan ly va thUc hien cac chinh sach, dUan Cho den nay, viec de chu trUOng, chfnh sach va thuc hien cac du an on dinh dan cu dan tdc cung nhU cac chinh sach khac nham tri va phat huy hieu qua cua mdi dU an van chua thdng nhat ve CO quan chu tri, quan ly vathUc hien Chang han, Quyet dinh sd 193/2006/QO-TTg 24/8/2006 cuaThu tUdng Chinh phu Ve viec phe duyet Chuang thnh bo th dan cu cac vOng: thiin tai, dac biet kho khan, bien gidi, hai dao, di cU tu do, xung yeu va rat xung yeu cua rUng phong hp, khu bao ve nghiem nggt cua rUng dac dung giai doan 2006 -lOIOva dinh hudng den ndm 2015 dUpc giao quyen quan ly va chu tri cho Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn; Quyet djnh 167/2008/QDTTg 12/12/2008 cua Thu tudng Chfnh phu Ve chinh sdch hd trahp ngheo venhddKh) Bd Xay dUng lam dau mdi; khi, Nghj quyet sd 30A/2008/NQ-CP 27/12/2008 cua Chfnh phu Ve chuang trinh ho tra giam ngheo nhanh vo ben vdng doi vdi 61 huyen ngheo lai giao cho Bp Lao dpng - ThUOng binh va Xa hpi gid vai trd chi dao; rieng cac chuong trinh 135, 134 hoac Quyet djnh 33 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu lai Oy ban Dan tdc chu tri Viec da dan den tinh trang cung mpt thdi diem, mpt dja ban dan cU, cung muc tieu dn dinh dan cU dan tpc va phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cho ddng bao ma lai cd nhieu bd nganh cung tham gia thUc hien du an, lam cho hieu qua dau tU thap so vdi thiet ke bdi nhieu nguyen nhan, tham chf khdng ddng bp, chdng cheo va mau thuan ddi vdi mdt sd cdng doan, gay lang phi 2^ Ket luan Thdi gian gan day, tinh trang di dan, nhat la di dan tU d nhieu tpc ngUdi thieu so den DSk Nong la mot nhCrng van de bufc xuc khong chi lien quan den quan he dan tpe, ddng thai ton giao, tin ngudng va deim bao an ninh d dia phUPng, ma cdn gay anh hudng den phat trien ben vOng d nPi day, nhat la viec thuc thi eae chinh sach dan tpc cOa Nha nude, ke hoach on dinh dan cU dan tpc va phat trien kinh te - xa hpi d dja phuong, gay khd khan cho viee quan ly dan eutrendiaban GiJi quyet tinh trang di dan tu bdi eanh hi§n la cong viec het sUe nan gi^i, lien quan den ca he thong cac van de nhu phat then on dinh va cang tot hdn v^ kinh te - xa hpi tai dja phUdng, nhat la van de dat san xuat, lao dpng viee lam va on d|nh ddi sdng; kiem soat chat che cac moi quan he dan tpc, dam bao an ninh xa hpi va moi doan ket tai cac cpng dong dan cU dan tpc; do, on dinh dan cU dan tpc dudi nhieu hinh thufc phu hdp vdi thuc tien mOi dja phUdng la mot nhdng giai phap quan trpng, co y nghTa quyet djnh den viec giUdan dial Tren co sdcae chinh sach va chuong trinh, du an ho trp cOa Nha nudc, viee on djnh dan eUdan tpc dudi nhieu hinh thUe tai tinh Bak Ndng dang dat dupc nhOng ket quJ to Idn, gdp phan dam bap dai doan ket dan toe va giO vflng an ninh qudc phdng d noi day Song, nhieu nguyen nhan, viee dn djnh dan cu dan tpc thdi gian qua tai mot sd noi tinh cdn nhieu bat cap, chua ke tien dp thuc hien cae dUan da dupe quy hoach hoac phSi quy hoach lai eho phu hpp vdi so dan di cu den qua ddng Bay la van de can dupe tiep tuc giai quyet de vCra ed the quSn ly tot LVHANHSON hon tinh trang di dan tU do, vUa nham tang cudng an ninh quoc phdng LIEU THAM K H A O Chi cue Phat trien ndng thon tinh DSl Ndng (2012), 8do cdo tinh hinh thUc hien sop xep, on dinh dan di cUtUdo trin dia bdn tUi Bdl< Ndng, Bao eao sd 79/PTNT-KH, 26 thang nam 2012 Di dan tuphdt cua cdc ddn tdc thieu so Tay, Nung, Dao tUBac vdo Nam (Bao cao ket qua thuc hien d^ tai cap bp nam 1999 PGS.TS Khong Dien lam ehCi nhiem, Tai lieu luu trOr tai Thu vien Vien Dan tpc hpc) Bau Tuan Nam (2009), Di dan tudo ck ngudi Hmdng d mien Tdy Thanh Hod vd Nglie An hi^n nay, Lu^n an tien sT Nhan hpc Van hda (tuu trO tai Thu vien Vien Dan tde hpe) Phdng Tai nguySn va IVldi trudng huyen Dak Song, tinh Bak Ndng (2012), SdocdotinI: hinh Qudn ly, sUdung ddt dai cdc du an dm tutren dia ban huyen dudcgiao va thue ddt tit 01/01/2004 den Nguyen Ba ThUy (2004), D; ddn tudo cua cdc dan tqc Tdy, Nung, Hmdng, Dao tUCao Bang, Lang Sdn vdo Dal< /.ok giai doan 19862000, Nxb Lao dpng - Xa hpi Ha Ndi ijy ban nhan dan tinh Dak Nong (20111 Bdo cdo tong liet thuc hien cdng tdc ddn tbc giai doan 2006 - 2010 vd phUdng hUdng, nhiem vu giai doan 2011 -2015, Bao cao so 119/BC-UBND 15/6/2011 UBND tinh Bak Nong (2010), Bdo cdo tong ket liet qud thuc hien Chuang trinh 135 giai doan ii 2006 -2010 tren dia ban tlni Bak Ndng, Bao cao so 314/BC-UB 9/12/2010 ... hoqeh nhUng deu gan vdi ca che mdi va khong chi ddi hoi von ddu tu Idn ma edn ddi hoi ngUdi dan thay doi can ban tap qudn san xudt Cai khd khan Idn nhat giai doan hien ddi vdi viec on djnh dan... den vdi cac nong lam trUdng Cd the noi, di dan tU do, bat ke di chuyen ndi tinh hoac tU tinh khac keo den Dak Ndng van dang la mdt nhUng van de bUc xuc, nhat la doi vdi mpt bp phan ngUdi Hmdng... chia re dai doan ket dan tdc, laplUc lupng vdi muc dich ly khai Viec on djnh dan cU dan tpc thdi gian qua va Ice hoach thdri gian tdi Do ap lUc di dan t u d o nen cac tinh dTay Nguyen ndi chung,