Trinh Thi Thu4nva£)/g Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 126(12): 165-169 KY NANG LTNG XlJ' VAN HOA CUA SINH VIEN TRLTOfNG BAI H Q C SlT P H A M - D ^ I H O C THAI NGUYEN Tnnh Thj Thu3n*, Liru Hong Hoa, Beexiong Xouanou Trudng Dai hoc Supham - DH Thai Nguye TOM TAT K^ ndng ling xii vdn hoa Id kha ndng thuc hifn c6 hi6u qud m6t hdnh dpng img xii dya tr^in co sd nam vung, vdn dung tot quy tac, phuong thiic iing xii phii hgp vdi hodn canh nhdt djnh !Cy ndng ling xii van hoa cua sinh vi6n tnrdng Dai hpc Su pham - Dai hpc Thdi Nguyen cdn han chi, nhieu sinh vien chi d^t loai trung binh tham chi Id yeu Nh&ng khd khdn iing xir van hoa cua sinh vien sy hgn chl ve nhan thiic, each to thai do, linh cdm, ddc biet la ban chl vl nhiing ky ndng sir dyng phuong tifn giao tiep, ky ndng dilu khiSn ban than D6ng thdi m6i trudng giao tilp thilu vdn hda cung anh hudng nghiem trpng tdi ling xii vdn hda cua sinh vignffudngDHSP - DHTN Tir khoa: Sinh viin, vdn hoa, ky ndng, ung xir, suphgm DAT VAN DE Trong cudc sdng, ngudi ludn phai ung phd vdi rat nhieu tinh hudng, cd nhirng tinh hu6ng rat phirc tap va khd xii Xa hgi cang van minh, yfu cdu vl van hda iing xu cang cao LTng xii mgt cdch thdng minh, khdn kheo, te nhi dgt tdi mirc nghe thugt Igi cang la van de khd, day cung dugc coi nhu la mpt cdng cdng viec cung nhu bi quyft cugc sdng bang Vdi mdt ngudi cdng thi vifc cd ky nang iing xii la mdt difu khdng thf thifu, dac biet la ky ndng ling xu van hda Sinh vien dugc ddnh gid cao vl nang lyc hgc tap cung nhu tri tuf nhung hiu hit lai thifu va yeu nhung ky nang mlm, nhiing ky nang sdng cin thilt de cd the dap iing nhu cau ciia xa hgi Mdt nhiing ky nang mlm rat quan trgng ma da phin sinh vien deu thifu va yiu chinh Id ky nang ung xii Difu dd trd thdnh rag can, hgn che viec cdng hgc tap, cac mdi quan hf giao liru ciing nhu sy dgt sau ciia mdi sinh vifn Sinh vifn su phgm dang dugc dao tao trd ngudi giao vien, cdng vifc ciia hg thudng xuyen phai giao tilp vdi ngudi, hg phdi la tim guong miu myc vf ung xu cd van hda Thyc te, sinh vifn su phgm gap nhieu khd khan, trd nggi b-ong giao tifp nen ky nang ling xii van hda cdn ban chf KET QUA NGHIEN CUU Khai niem ley nang u'ng xir van hoa cua sinh vien sir phaim Khdi niim ung xu van hoa "Ung xir Id phan iing cua ngudi ddi vdi sy tdc dgng cua ngudi khac den minh mdt tinh hudng cy the nhat dinh Nd the hien d chd ngudi khdng chii dgng giao tiep ma chu ddng phdn irng cd sy lua chgn, cd tinh toan, the hifn qua thai hanh vi, cir chi, each ndi nang." [2, trang 30] Xet trfn binh difn nhan each thi ban chat ciia ung xu chinh Id nhirng dgc dilm tinh each ciia ca nhan dugc the hifn thai dg, hanh vi, cii chi, cdch ndi nang cua ngudi quan hf giira ngudi vdi va giira ngudi vdi mdi trudng tu nhien vd moi trudng xa hgi U'ng xu van hda la each xu sy hgp tinh, hgp ly Clia mdi ca nhan, nd dugc thi hien qua thai do, hanh vi, cu chi, cdch ndi nang cua mdi ngudi mdi trudng xung quanh hg Ky ndng ung xu vdn hda trucmg Suphgm Ky ndng ung xii van hda la khd nang thyc hifn cd hifu qua mgt hanh ddng ung xii nao dya trfn co sd ndm v&ng va van dung tdt quy tic, phuong thiic thyc hifn hanh dgng iing xii phu hgp vdi nhirng dieu kifn, hodn cdnh nhat dinh * Tel 0978 732499, Emad- trinhlhuan tlgd@gmail.com 165 Trjnh Thi Thuan va Dtg Van hda iing xu nhd trudng la mdt bg phan cua van hda iing xu chung cua ngudi Viet Nam, bao gdm cac phep iing xii giiia ca nhan (hoac nhdm ngudi) vdi mdi trudng tu nhifn, mdi trudng su pham va vdi chfnh ban than moi ca nhan (hoac nhdm) khuon khd quy djnh cua Phap lugt va cac chuan myc dao due, chuin muc xa hgi Sinh vifn can phai nim chac vd van dyng tdt nh&ng quy tie ling xii trudng Su phgm gdm: ung xu giira sinh vien vdi sinh vien: Ludn tdn trgng, hda nha vdi bgn be; Tuong than, tuong ai, giiip dd ban liic khd khan, hoan nan; Giup ban hgc tgp tien bg, tich cyc; Biit thdng cam, chia se nhirng hudn vui vdi bgn, ciing chung chi hudng, ly tudng; Khiem tdn danh gia vf minh; That tha, trung thuc ddi xOr vdi bgn Uhg xu glita sinh vien vdi thdy, co gido: Le phep, tdn trpng thiy, cd giao; Cam thdng, chia se nhiing buon vui vdi thay, cd; Than thien nhung giir khoang each thay trd, tranh lgi dyng thay, cd ung xic giita sinh vien vdi cdn bg, nhdn vien nhd truong: Lf phep kfnh trgng ngudi ldn tudi; Biet kfnh tren, nhuong dudi; Giup ngudi ldn tudi gap khd khan De cd dugc ky nang ung xu van hda, cd nhan can phai cd nhffng pham chat tam ly sau: - Nang lyc quan sat ddi tugng: La khd nang dinh hudng ban dau qua khudn mat, dang ngudi, each ndi nang de cd nhirng phan dodn ban ddu vf chan dung ddi tugng trep xiic - Kha nang bifu hifn y nghT, tinh cam, nhan thirc Clia minh vdi ngudi khde, tao su cam tinh, ddng cam vdi ta - Tdn trgng nhan each ngudi giao tiep: Ludn nhin thay cdi tot cua ngudi giao tiep, khdng dinh kifn ve ddi tugng giao tilp - Nang lyc ty chii cac tinh hudng giao tiep: La mgt dieu kifn quan trgng de iing xti cdng Khi bj cdm xiic chi phdi, ngudi df hanh dgng ma khdng y thiic hit hgu qua Clia hanh dgng ciia minh 166 126(12): 165-169 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Ky nang irng xir van hda ciia sinh vien tru'dng Dai h9c Sir pham - DHTN Trudng dgi hgc su phgm la trung tam vdn hoa, mdi trudng hgc tap va nghien ciiu khoa hgc ly tudng cho can bg va sinh vien; la nai dien sy tifp xuc thudng xuyen giiia sinh vien vdi gidng vien va can bg nhan vifn trudng Ky nang iing xii vdn hda cua sinh vien thudng xuyfn dugc thf hifn qua cu chi, Idi ndi, hanh vi ling xir cac moi quan hf vdi tu nhifn, xa hgi vd vdi mgi ngudi xung quanh Trong hgc ki II nam hgc 2013 - 2014 chung tdi da tifn hdnh khao sdt 600 sinh vien bdng phuong phap trie nghifm, kit hgp vdi sy ty danh gid cdc ky nang ung xii van hda cua sinh vifn Kit qua ddnh gid, phdn logi kJ ndng iing xir van hda cua sinh vien trudng DHSP DHTN the hien d bang sd lifu sau: Todn LJ Hoa Sinh van Su Dia GDCT Tieu hgc Mamnon GDTC TLGD Tdng (n=600) 4,0 4,0 2,0 10,0 8,0 8,0 4,0 2,0 2,0 6,0 6,0 8,0 32 5^3 22,0 18,0 18,0 20,0 20,0 12,0 14,0 14,0 12,0 20,0 18,0 14,0 101 16,83 % 38,0 34,0 36,0 44,0 32,0 46,0 56,0 40,0 28,0 36,0 46,0 46,0 241 40,17 % 36,0 44,0 44,0 26,0 40,0 34,0 26,0 44,0 58,0 38,0 30,0 32,0 • 226 37,67 % Trong dd: Loai yeu: Cac ky ndng dd cdn hgn che Logi trung binh: Cac ky ndng dd d miic binh thudng Logi khd: Cac ky nang dd d miic khd Logi tot: Cac kJ ndng d miic rit kha va hieu qua Qua bdng so lifu tren cho thiy: Kj? nang iing xu van hda cua sinh vifn trudng DHSP DHTN dugc thf hifn d logi: Trinh Thi Thudn va Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Loai tdt: Cd 226/600 sinh vifn ( chifm ty If 37,67 %) Logi khd: Cd 241/600 sinh vien (chiem ty If 40,17%) Logi frung binh: Cd 101/600 sinh vifn (chiim tJ If 16,83%) Logi yeu: Cd 32/600 sinh vifn (chifm ty le 5,33 %) Ket qua khdo sat cho thdy: Phdn Idn sinh vifn trudng DHSP - DHTN da cd ky nang iing xu vdn hda dgt d loai kha va tdt Nhiing sinh vifn da nhgn thiic day dii vf ihig xu van hda, ve nhiing yfu cdu iing xii vdi thay cd, bgn be, can bg, nhan vien trudng, hg da cd khd ndng vdn dung thudng xuyen ly thuyet vao thuc tien Ben cgnh dd, van cdn 16,83 % sinh vifn cd ky nang iing xii van hda d loai trung binh, dgc biet van cdn mgt sd sinh vifn (chifm ty Ie 5,33 %) cdn yfu vf ky ndng iing xir van hda Can cii vdo ty If % cua hai loai kha va tot cua nhdm k^ ndng iing xu vdn hda vdi thay cd va ban be, chung tdi xfp thii bac va thay rang: Ky nang d sinh vien cac khoa: Gido dye tieu hgc, Giao due chfnh tri, Dja ly, Hda, Su kha ban Nhin chung, ky nang iing xii van hda, ddc bift la ky nang irng xii van hda vdi thiy cd va bgn be cua sinh vifn trudng DHSP - DHTN cdn hgn chf Chfnh vi le dd, trudng Dgi hgc Su pham vin cd nhirng bifu hifn ung xii- thilu van hda vdi thiy, cd, ban be Qua quan sat kit hgp vdi y kien tra ldi phdng van ciia sinh vifn cho thiy bifu hien rd nhit cua su yfu vf kJ ndng irng xii van hda vdi thay cd, bgn be cCia sinh Vien la khd thf hifn sy cdm thdng, chia se nhiing budn vui vdi thdy, cd, bgn be Ddy la ly ddn dfn vifc hanh xii thieu van hda cua sinh vifn cac mdi quan he Ching hgn nhu: Trong quan hf bgn be da kit bf, kft phai gay mat doan kit, ndi nang, xung hd, di dting thifu chuan myc, khdng gan gui, quan tam, ddng vien, thd o, vd cdm bgn be gap khd khdn Trong quan hf thiy trd vdn cdn nhiing biiu hifn thifu tdn trgng thiy cd nhu: mit trat ty, lam vifc rifng gid 126(12): 165- 169 hgc, ndi ndng, hanh xii khdng diing myc vdi thiy cd, vdo ldp tre di ngang nhien vao, khdng xin phep thay cd Cd nhirng sinh vien cdn xuyfn tgc, lam bifn tudng cdc nghi le, thieu sy tdn trgng thay cd, coi thudng vifc hgc Sau lung hg ggi thdy cd minh la dng ng, ba tf hai ban la ggi bdng dgi tu nhan xung "nd", thilu tdn trpng thdy cd giao bi nhdc nhd; Quay cdp lam bai thi, kilm tra, phii nhdn nhirng gia tri dgo diic truyfn thdng, vi phgm gid giic lam viec, hgc tgp U'ng xii chua diing myc vdi thay cd tgi mdi trudng su phgm, Idm anh hudng dfn van hda ung xu nha trudng Nhirng yeu to anh hirdmg toi ky nang ung xir van hda ciia sinh vien trirdng DHSP ~ D^i bgc Thai Nguyen - Hgn chf vf mat nhan thiic: Sy hieu bift vf xa hgi vd cudc song cua sinh vien cdn hgn che Vdn kifn thiic vf van hda iing xii cdn hgn che, sinh vifn chua hieu rd cac quy tac ling xu, cac chuan myc va yeu cau iing xir cac mdi quan he Nhifu sinh vien cho rang cdc em chua nam dugc sy phong phu, su khde bift vf van hda dia phuang va ngdn ngff dia phuang Su thieu hieu bift ve nhihig van df ndy cung nhu dnh hudng ciia van hda va ngdn ngff dia phuong nen sinh vien khd hda nhdp, su hifu bift lan ciing nhu su cam thdng chia se lan bi hgn che dan den that bai irng xii van hda - Hgn che vf cdch bay td cdm xuc, thai dg: Su hgn chf vf cdch bay td cam xiic, thai chfnh Id rdo cdn cho viec iing xu van hda, gay nfn nhiing khd khan co ban cua sinh vien khigiao tifp, ting xii vdi mgi ngudi Rat nhieu sinh vien chua cd sy ty tin, cdn nhut nhat, ngai giao tiep, hay dd mat, run sg, mit binh tTnh, lung hing chudn hi ndi trudc mgi ngudi; khd bifu Id cdm xtic, thai df; kha nang bay td cdm xuc, tinh cdm ciia sinh vifn chua tdt - Hgn che vf mat ky nang, nang lyc: Qua phdng vin sinh vifn, chiing tdi thay ring cdc em cdn hgn chf rdt nhifu ky nang cdn thilt nhu: Ky ndng lang nghe, ndi, thuyet hinh, 167 Trjnh Thi Thudn va Dtg Tap chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE tranh luan, hda nhap kem; ky nang bay td cdm xuc, tinh cam, ky ndng tu chii cam xiic, hanh vi cdn ban che; ky nang tan thanh, khen, chf, phan doi, cho, tang, ky nang xu ly tinh hudng rit hgn chf; ky nang sii dyng phuang tifn giao tifp, img xii kem Qua dd khang djnh: Sy ban che vf cac mgt: Nhdn thiic; each bay td cam xuc, thai dg; ky' nang da anh hudng tifu cyc tdi qud trinh giao tifp, ling xii cd van boa ciia sinh vien trudng Dgi hgc Su pham - Dai hgc Thai Nguyen KET LUAN VA Y KIEN DE XUAT Ket luan Ky nang img xii van hda cua sinh vien trudng DHSP - DHTN cdn ban chf, d nhifu sinh vien cac ky nang ndy chi dat d mirc trung binh tham chi la yeu Dieu gay cdn trd cho vifc hgc tgp va ren luyfn ciia sinh vifn hifn tgi cung nhu kft qua vd chat lugng cdng tac ciia giao vifn sau ndy Cd nhifu yeu td anh hudng tdi ky nang iing xii van hda cua sinh vien trudng DHSP DHTN Nhffng khd khan irng xu vdn hda cua sinh vien xuat phat tir su bgn che vf nhdn thiic, each bay td thai tinh cam, dac biet la han che vf nhung ky nang sii dyng phuong tifn giao tilp, ky nang dilu khiin ban than Ddng thdi, mdi trudng giao tifp thilu van hda cung anh hudng tdi irng xff van hda ctia sinh vien trudng DHSP - DHTN Y kien de xuat Ung xii vdn hda la cdc irng xii phu hgp vdi trat tu, ky cuong, la ung xu van minh, lich, hifn dgi cua ngudi Viec phdt triln ky nang iing xu van hda cho sinh vifn can phai chu y tac dgng thudng xuyen tdi nhifu mat Can cii- vao nhiing khd khan iing xu van hda ciia sinh vifn, chung tdi manh dgn df xuat ngi dung, chuong trinh vd cac bifn phap ren luyen ky nang iing xu van boa cho sinh vifn trudng DHSP - DHTN: Ve muc tieu, ngi dung, chuang trtnh ren luyen ky ndng img xir vdn hod cho sinh vien truong DHSP-DHTN: 168 126(12): 165- 169 - Ndng cao nhan thiic cua sinh vifn vl iing xir van hda va ky nang iing xu van hda giup cac em hieu biet toan dien, sau sac vf van hda ung xff truyln thong, van hda timg vung mifn, timg mdi trudng giao tifp - Gido due thai dg, ,tinh cdm, dao due, y chi cho sinh vien giiip hg cd thdi nghiem tiic ddi vdi ban than minh, cd trdch nhifm doi vdi thay cd, bgn be vd tgp thf - Ren cac kT nang ung xii vdn hda cho sinh vifn nhu: KT nang nfu va giai quyet van dl cudc sdng; kT nang thich iing, hda nhap vdi mdi trudng xa hgi, mdi trudng tu nhien; kT nang difu chinh cdm xuc, hanh vi ciia ban than; kT nang ndi (xung hd, chdo hdi, noi chuyfn difn thogi ); kT ndng viet (vdn ban, thu tir, tin nhan ); kT nang mdi, cam on, xin ldi, nhd va, vay mugn, tgng qiia; kT nang tii chdi, che bai, phf phdn; kT nang gdp y, khuyen nhii, hudng ffng, tan thdnh; kT nang bay td cam xiic, tinh cam, thf hifn ban than Blen phdp ren ky ndng irng xir vdn hod cho sinh vien truong DHSP - DHTN - Nha trudng can cd sy quan tam hon nua va cd sy chi dgo, phdi hgp vdi cdc phdng ban, khoa day manh cdng tac ren luyfn ky nang ling xu van hod cho sinh vifn - Phdng Dao tao va phdng Cdng tac hgc sinh, sinh vien can dua nhiing ngi dung ren luyen ky nang ung xur van hod ciia sinh vifn vao cac budi sinh hogt ldp vdi nhiing chuong trinh boat ddng cy the - Doan nien thudng xuyfn td chiic cac boat dgng, cac hgi thi, cac trd choi tgo co hgi cho sinh vifn dugc trai nghiem, dugc ren luyfn va phat trifn ky nang giao tifp, iing xir van hda mdi trudng md pham - Hdi sinh vifn: Thudng xuyfn td chuc cac budi hdi thao, giao luu, mdi cac chuyfn gia tu van ve iing xff de sinh vifn dugc tifp cgn ciing nhu dugc giai dap cac thdc mdc mdi quan he giao tiep, iing xff hang ngdy - Gidng vifn chii dgng long ghep cdc ngi dung tri thffc va thyc hanh vf ffng xu vdn hda cdc bdi gidng cd lien quan hogc cac hogt ddng ngoai khda, sinh hogt tgp thf Trinh Thi Thuan vaS/g- Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHfi - Sinh vifn phai tich cue nghien cffu, hgc hdi df nang cao nhgn thuc ve ffng xu van hda va ky nang iing xff van hda Cin phdi tfch cue tham gia cdc boat dgng, tich cyc hgc hdi kinh nghifm cua cdc thiy cd giao, ciia ngudi di trudc de phat trifn tinh cam, dgo due, y chi va khde phyc nhiing khd khan ffng xii, ren luyen nhimg ky nang cdn hgn chf 126(12)- 165- 169 TAI LI5U THAM KHAO Ngo Ban (2002) Nghe thugt quan he vd dng xir Nxb Lao dflng Hd N6i Tir diin trilt hpc, Nhd xuit ban tiln bp, Mdt-xco-va, Nhd xuit ban Sy thdt in tai Le Thi Bimg, Nguyin Thi Vdn Huong (2007) Tdm ly hgc ung xu Nxb Gido due HdNfi Tran Ngpc Them (2004) Ca sd vdn hoa Viet Nam Nxb Giao due Ha Ngi SUMMARY CULTURE OF BEHAVIOR SKILLS OF STUDENTS FROM COLLEGE OF EDUCATION -THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Trinh Thi Thuan*, Luu Hong Hoa, Beexiong Xouanou College of Education - TNU Cultural behavior skill is the ability to perform effectively an action basing on mastering and applying behavioral rules and methods in accordance with certain situations Cultural behavior skills of the students at Thai Nguyen University of education are limited; many students' achieva only average level or even weak The difficulties of the students in cuhural behaviors are due to the limitations of perception, emotional attitudes, especially restrictions in behavioral media usage skills, communication skills and self control At the same time a cultural lack in communication also seriously impacts the cultural behaviour of the students at Thai Nguyen University of Education Keywords: student, culture, behavior, skills, education Ngdy nhdn bdi-15/9/2014; Ngdy phdn biin.07/10/2014: Ngdy duyit ddng- 25/10/2014 PItan biin khoa hoc: TS Phi Thf Hiiu - Trudng Dgi hge Suphgm - DHTN ' Tel 0978 732499, Email, trinhlhuan ... sinh vifn - Phdng Dao tao va phdng Cdng tac hgc sinh, sinh vien can dua nhiing ngi dung ren luyen ky nang ung xur van hod ciia sinh vifn vao cac budi sinh hogt ldp vdi nhiing chuong trinh boat ddng... khao sdt 600 sinh vien bdng phuong phap trie nghifm, kit hgp vdi sy ty danh gid cdc ky nang ung xii van hda cua sinh vifn Kit qua ddnh gid, phdn logi kJ ndng iing xir van hda cua sinh vien trudng... hda cua sinh vifn trudng DHSP DHTN dugc thf hifn d logi: Trinh Thi Thudn va Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Loai tdt: Cd 226/600 sinh vifn ( chifm ty If 37,67 %) Logi khd: Cd 241/600 sinh vien