DliN DAN 5' ^f 57 Cac em hoc sinh cuoc thi Robocon toan quae DTT to chdc GlAO DUG STEM: YEUCAUCAPTHlfrcOATHITRl/ONGLAOeONG Hien nay, lo ngai robot hoa va X\S dong hoa khien cho ty le that nghiep len den 50%, tham chf 70% cua nhieu nha kinh te va cong nghe each day vai nam dang dan trd hien thyc Ngay cang co nhieu cong viec yeu cau it ky nang, lap di lap lai, lirong thap bj thay the bdi robot va quy trinh tir dong hoa.Tuy vay, nguon nhan lire CO ky nang STEM^ lai khong du dap ifng cho thj tru'dng lao dong, cci hien tai va thap nien tdi Vo Dinh Tri * Lao ddn£ gian don dan ^ n bi dao thai Mgt bdo cao §4n day cfta Td chuc Lao dgng Qudc t6 (ILO) cho biSt, tren todn the gidi cd khodng 1,5 ty vifc lam ddi hdi it ky nang, luang thap, chiSm 46% tdng sd vifc ldm Trong sd nay, trSn 70% tap trung d cdc nudc Nam A vd chau Phi vung hg Sahara Ty If e(Si7.wr,AY 05.9.2016 that nghiep d khu vyc Nam A va Ddng Nam A dugc du bao Id se tiep tyc tang on djnh Cl mgt sd ngdnh nghS, sd lugng vifc ldm ngdy cdng gidm di nhu ngdnh ndng nghiep, lam nghifp, danh bat, khai khoang, va che tao lap rap Doi vdi cac nudc phat trien, thdt nghiep ciing la bai toan hdc bua cua cdc chinh phu vi qud trinh robot hda, ty ddng hda diln vdi tdc cang nhanh, nhu nhan xet cua MacAfee vd Brynjolfsson (MIT) Neu nhu cdc nudc chdm phdt trien chiu nhieu dnh hudng cua robot hda thi cac nudc phdt triSn chiu dnh hudng bdi cd robot hda va tu ddng hda cac quy trinh, nhat la cac quy trinh van phdng, va hf thdng dich vy tdi chinh ngan hdng Can ldc robot hda vd tu ddng hda dugc cho la xuat phdt tu mdt sd nguySn nhan ehinh sau: cdng nghf vd tri tuf nhan tao (AI) phat trien theo cap sd mu, nhieu doanh nghifp chii trpng ddu tu cho R&D, chi phi ddu tu cho robot hda va ty ddng hda ngdy cdng re, i www.tia5ang.com TloScing 13 .9 < DIEN DAN hifu qud vS mat kinh te tang nang sudt Iao ddng tang, ty If sai sdt san xuat giam, vd rut ngan thdi gian sdn xuat Trong mdt bdo cao vao thang 01/2016 cua Citibank va Dai hpc Oxford, nhiSu khd ndng 77% viec lam d Trung Qudc, 72% vifc Iam d Thai Lan vd 69% viec ldm d An Do se dugc thay die bdng robot va tu ddng hda sy phdt triSn nhanh chdng ciia cong nghf, dd cd ky thudt in 3D Nhiing minh chftng cho qua trinh robot hda, ty ddng hda ngdy cdng nhieu, cd the lift ke mgt sd trudng hgp diSn hinh nhu sau: I) Hang Foxconn, mdt tap doan gia cdng chinh cho Apple, Google vd Amazon da thay 60,000 cdng nhdn bang robot, 2) Hang Adidas may giay bang robot, da kien di chuySn cdc nhd mdy ve Iai &ac, 3) Hang SoftWear Automation (Hoa Ky) vdi mdy khdu tu dpng, mgt sy de dpa vdi cac xudng may gia cong d cac mrdc Nam A va Ddng Nam A, 4) mdt Ianh dao cua tap dodn McDonald ndi rang, neu luong tdi thiSu d Hoa Ky tang Ien 15 USD/gid, ddu tu cho mdt canh tay robot gid 35000 USD se hifu qua ban cho cdng viec ddng gdi khoai tdy chien, 5) Cac cdng vifc cd tinh chdt lap di lap lai ITnh vuc tai chinh ngdn hdng, ke toan d cac nudc phdt trien dugc thay the dan bang cae quy trinh tu dgng hda, cdc phdng giao dich ngdn hang tuong lai gan se khdng tdn tai nira vi loTs Thi trtfdng lao ddng c ^ nhien STEM hon Mac du robot va ty dgng hda cjuy trinh "ldy di" vifc Idm cua rdt nhieu ngirdi, nhimg chinh dieu ndy ciing tao nhiSu vifc Iam mdi, ddi hdi ngudn lyc lao dgng phdi cd nhung Iha^ ddi de thich ftng vdi cac yeu cau mdi cfta thi trudng Iao dgng Mdt nphiSn ciiu ciia mdt gido su MIT tien hanh d mgt xudng san xuat ciia BMW cho Ihay su phdi hpp giua ngudi vd robot dem Igi hifu sudt cao hon nSu chi cd hodn toan ngudi hoac hoan toan robot xudng Dan cft nhu Hoa Ky mpt thi trudng Iao ddng ldn va trinh dd phat trien cao, hifn dang cd su mAt can ddi ldn gifta nhu cau tuyen dyng tao ddng cd STEM vi ngudn cung Iao dpi^ Bao cdo viScldm ti^g Nam viia (pia: Hoa Ky cho tfaay hioi c o ' ~ 5,8 trifu vifc ldm tim ung viSn, phdn Idn cdng vifc liSn quan den STEM cac Imh vuc idu nang lugng, san xudt, che biSa thuc phdm va cham sdc sftc leboe Hien nay, so lugng viec lam gin vdi STEM d Hoa Ky diiSm khoang 50%, va Ifaeo tmh toan cua cac chuyCT gia, nhu cau tuySn dung viec lam STEM d Hoa Ky tang mdi nam khodng 17% DS bu cho phdntiiieubut, Chinh phu Hoa Ky cd nhftng chinh sdch thu hut du hgc smh va nhftng lao dgng nudc ngoai co gdn vdi STEM Cgng ddi^ chdu Au ciing thiy dugc nhu cdu to ldn cua tiii trudng lao dgng ddi vdi STEM Chuong trinh EU STEM Coalition cho biSt, tu nam 2003 den 2013, so lugng viScIam lien quao dSn STEM tang 12%, g ^ ba lan vdi mftc chung cua EU Tiy Hoa 1^ dang thini hut ngum cung lao dong STEM nhu cau tuyen dung rat m 14 l i H ^ ! ? www.tiasang.com.vn s6l7.N£i hoc Kinh te Tp.HCM va IPAG Busines School Paris, Hpi Chuyen gia va nha Khoa hoc y i | t Nam tai Paris (AVSE) ' Viet tat ciia tir Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths ^ Tnicmg khoa tinh toan dinh lirgng & tai chinh truang ky su ECE Paris, chii nhiem chuang trinh tai chinh dinh lirong tai vien JVN (Tp.HCM) Tai lifu tham khao: I] http://www.tiasang,com.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=ll 6&News-8267&C ategoryID=6 2] http://www.csreurope.org/sites/default/files/uploads/EU%20STEM%20 Coalition%20%20Brochure%202016.pdf 3] https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/TheHiddenSTEMEconomy610.pdf 4] http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/ pubIic/-dpepoTts/-dcomm/-publ/documents/publication/wcms_443480.pdf 5] http://www.ilo org/wcmsp5/groups/ publi c/-dgreports/-dc ommZ-publ/documents/publication/wcms_3 37069 pdf 6] http://www.oxfordmartiii.ox.ac.uk/ downloads/reports/Citi_GPS_Technology_Work_2 pdf Tra^irtg 15 ... thu hut du hgc smh va nhftng lao dgng nudc ngoai co gdn vdi STEM Cgng ddi^ chdu Au ciing thiy dugc nhu cdu to ldn cua tiii trudng lao dgng ddi vdi STEM Chuong trinh EU STEM Coalition cho biSt, tu... trtfdng lao ddng c ^ nhien STEM hon Mac du robot va ty dgng hda cjuy trinh "ldy di" vifc Idm cua rdt nhieu ngirdi, nhimg chinh dieu ndy ciing tao nhiSu vifc Iam mdi, ddi hdi ngudn lyc lao dgng... nam 2003 den 2013, so lugng viScIam lien quao dSn STEM tang 12%, g ^ ba lan vdi mftc chung cua EU Tiy Hoa 1^ dang thini hut ngum cung lao dong STEM nhu cau tuyen dung rat m 14 l i H ^ ! ? 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