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QUAN Li HOAT OONG GIAO OUC HlfliNG NGHIEP TRONG TROilNG OAY NGHE THEO HUONG OAP UNG YEU CAU CUA THI TRUONG LAU OONG ThS BUI V A N H U N G Hien nay, cong tac GD OT noi ehung, hoat dpng day nghe (DN) no[.]
QUAN Li HOAT OONG GIAO OUC HlfliNG NGHIEP TRONG TROilNG OAY NGHE THEO HUONG OAP UNG YEU CAU CUA THI TRUONG LAU OONG ThS BUI V A N H U N G - H ien nay, cong tac GD-OT noi ehung, hoat dpng day nghe (DN) noiriengdadirpc Oang, Nha nircfc quan tam, chi dao sat Tuy nhien, viec tim nhiJng noi dung quan li (QL) huong nghiep (HN) h6 tro cho ngudi hoc nghe chon cho minh mot nghe phu hop voi nang luc, nhanh chong thich ling nghe va an tam vcri nghe da chon la rat quan trpng: n h ^ giup ngudi hgc ngheco nghe nghiep on dmh, CO cd hpi tim vl?c lam, phat then san xuat giam thieu ti le lao dpng that nghiep, tang ti le lao dpng qua dao tao, dap (tnq yeu cau CNH, HOH dat nude Vdi y nghTa dd, bai vIet gidi thieu each thdc QL ho?t ddng giao due hudng nghiip (GDHN) Imng Inicmg DN theo hudng dip ling yeu cau cua thi tn/dng lao dgng (TTLB) degiup cac tn/dng cd cd sd thuc hiin cdng tac QL hoatdgng HN cd hieu qua nhat Theo Adam Smith, TTLB la khdng gian trao dd'i, dd ngudi mua va ngudi ban gap thoa thuan trao dd! hang hda va djeh vu nao dd Con theo David Beg, thi tn/dng la tap hop nhung thoa thuan, dd, ngudi mua va ngudi ban trao doi vdi loai hang hda, djeh vu nao dd Nhu vay, Ihi trudng khdng bd hep bdi mpt khdng gian nhat djnh ma bat cirddau cdsutrao ddi thoa thuan mua ban hang hda, d d d c d thj Irudng Theo T u dien Lac Viet (TCr dien Vietgle - Tra tir dien vadich thuattmc tuyen), thuat ngO 'dap linp'dude hieu athda man suddi hdi, yeu cau, dap litig nhu cau vat tu san xual.Nhungtrongbaivielnay, thuat ngu'rf^J uns'duoc hieu tong quat hon, la dap umg yeu eau cua TTLB Vdi each tiep can tren: VL hoatdong GDHN dapungyeucaucuaTTLBIaquatrinhtacdqngcdchu dich cua chu the'QL (hieu tn/dng tn/dng DN) len khach theOL (cong tac tuyen chon hgc nghe ke hoach, noi dung, chudngtrinh cong cu phudng phap, casdvat chat (CS VC) cong lac bien soan tai lieu, hgclap.tliuc tap san xuat cua hoc sinh, cong tac tu van viec tam va cac bgphan In/dng thuc hien chiic nang HN) de dg duoc muc lieu dua san pham giao due cua tn/dng DNmTTLB cd hieu qua nhaf Mdi quan hegluaTTLDva hoat ddng GDHN t r u d n g D N Hoat ddng GDHN tn/dng DNcd mdi quan he mat thiet vdi TTLB Thuc chat cua yeu eau la ddi hdi cua ngudi su dung lao ddng (phia cau) ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng (phia eung): phai dap ung cac yeu cau cua nghe ve sd luong, chat lugng, co cau nganh nghe: td dd glijp hoc sinh cd kha nang lam viec qua nghe da dupe dap tap, cc the iam viec phu hpp vdl nang luc ban than dap dng duoc yeu eau cua TTLB Be hoat dpng GDHN va TTLB ed mdi tuong ddng va hd trcj l l n nhau, cdng tac QL hoat ddng G DHN can tim nhiing giai phap, each thdc hoat ddng HN de mang lai hieu qua QL hpat dpng GDH N giup si? dung hieu qua lao ddng la ndi dung rat quan trpng cdng tac HN (phat huy kha nang ciia hpe sinh tu lap than, lap nghiep, khdi si/doanh nghiep la hudng rat co ban dap d n g y e u c a u cuaTTLO) Trong cdng cupc ddi mdi dat nude, Bang ta nhan manh tam quan trpng dae biet cua yeu tdeon ngudi va nguon nhan lue, Nghi quyet Bai hpi VII da xac dinh: "Connguavdaiamuctieu vua la dgng luc cho suphattnen" Ben dai hdi VIII, Oang ta lai nhan manh mpt lan ni?a: "Lay viec phat huy nguon luc ngudi lam yeu toed ban cho suphat then nhanh va ben vOng" Nhu vay, phai xac djnh rd mp'l quan he hoat ddng G D H N va TTLO la yeu td co ban de phat then nguon li/c cho dat nude thdng qua qua Irinh QL HN nha tn/dng TTLB la tao nhu cau tuyen dung, nhiJng yeu cau ciia TTLB dat ra, ngudi lao ddng phai dap ufng, tiJ dd, xuat hien nhu cau dao tao, nhu cau HN Vi vay, TTLO la ddi tac ciia tn/dng nghe va eua ngudi hpe: hoat ddng GDHN la yeu cd ban de ket ndi giOa trudng ON vaTTLB vdi nh^m giiip hoc sinh hpc nghe dap ung dupc yeu cau cua TTLB thdng qua qua trinh QL HN, Cac mdi quan he tren cd tac ddng ' TnfiiE CiD lang H|ll( kl thuat cairg nght TP Ho (9il Miah Tap chi Giao due so 309 19 (ki - 512013) - anh hi/dng qua lai ten eac hoat ddng L G DH N tn/dng DN Tuy nhien, nd phu thupc nhieu vao boi canh KT-XH eua dat nu-de, thdi ki lich si? Van de quan trpng d a vdt tn/dng DN la phai thuc day duqc moi quan hetren b§ng each tuyen truyen, lien ket, lap cac hop dong trach nhiem ve viee eung i/ng, sudung lao ddng ed hieu qua 3.NoidungQL hoatdong GDHN theo hudng dap irng yeu cau cua TTLD QL boat dgng GDHN theo hudng dap ung yeu eau cua TTLD la toan bd eae he thd'ng, giai phap, phuong phap Vniic hien b-ong QL; la ho^t dpng phd'i hop giua nhatn/dng, gia dinh,xa hpi, thegidi lao dpng va doanh nghiep, cac hinh thiic HN phd'i hop vdi nhkm dua he thd'ng hoat ddng dong bp va cd hieu qua Mue tieu eua hoatdpng khong chi lam tang chat luong, hieu qua ciia tijfng giao vien, can bd lam cdng tac HN hay de dam bao qua trinh hieu sau ve nghe, kham pha thegwi nghe, thich ung vdi nghe, hurig thu qua trinh hpe nghe cua hpc sinh, ma cdn dat duoc ket qua muc tieu cOa hoat dpng GDHN ndi rieng (muc tieu ehung cua nhatn/dng de ra) Hoat ddng GDHN cua nha tnj'dng bao quat rat nhieu hoat dpng, yeu to can duoc QL Vi vay, qua trinh bao gom eae yeu to sau: - Dau vao: Doi tuong hpe nghe (hoc sinh, ngudi lao ddng) Cac dieu kien dam bao GDHN gom: Giao vien, can bpQL, can bd lam cdng tac HN, nhan vien tham gia hoat dwig GDHN,eongeuHN.CSVCphgc vu hoat dpng HN, ndi dung, ke hoach, cae bd phan nhatn/dng thuc hien chut; nang HN danh gia ket quaHN.To'chuc thu thap ttidng tin,phan hoi tOf cac giao vien DN.can bpQL, doanh nghiep, TTLD nham dam bao cae ndi dung: kha nang thieh ung nghe, phat trien nghe nghiep, ket qua hoc tap, nang suait lao dpng, hieu qua thue hanh nghe, mdc dp phii hap nghe kha nang dap img yeu eau ciia TTLO T u d d , n§m bat thdng tin phan hoi, danh gia lua chpn eac dieu kien dam bao HN phii hap, De dam bao thue hien lot cac yeu to tren, QL hoat dpng GDHN tn/dng DN theo hudng dap iing yeu cau cua TTLD can tap tnjng vao cac ndi dung sau: - Xay dung ke hoach hop li cho hoatdpng GDHN; - Chi nhung bien phap khoa hpc tir thue tiln cua hoat ddng GDHN; - Xem xet mpt sodieu kien dam bao cho GDHN (CSVC, nguon luc, cac to'chii'eca nhan,cactochijt;xahpt, cdng dong );-QLkehoach hoatdpng HN; - QL ndi dung, phuang phap, cdng cu, ke hoach, chuong trinh HN; - QL cac hoat dpng HN cua nhatn/dng; - QL cae hoat ddng HN cua hpc sinh, cac ketquaHN; -QL CSVC, eon ngudi cac nguon li/c khac lien quan den HN .;-QLviee kiem tra, danh gia ket qua HN; - QL viee trien khai su phd'i hap giiia nha tn/dng vdi cosdsi/dung lao ddng Cac npi dung cua QL hoat dpng GDHN ndi tren duae thuc hien theo cae ehuc nang va phuong phap CO ban cua QL giao due ndi ehung Q Tai liSu tham khao Dang Danh Anh Gido due hin^ng nghiep d' Vifit Nam NXB Vdn hda thdng tin, H 2010 Mai Quang Huy - Dinh Thj Kim Thoa - Trdn Anh Tu^n Td' chut va quan U hoat ddng gido due nha trubTig NXB Dgi hgc qud'c gia Hd Npi 2008 - Qua trinh HN va eae hoatdong HN tn/dng D/V la qua trinh lua chpn phuang thuc HN, hinh thuc, Trdn Khanh Due Phat trien gido due Vi£t Nam vd phuang phap HN va ket hpp viee danh gia dau the gi(H NXB Gido due Vift Nam, H 2010 thudng xuyen; nh^m giup hoc sinh chpn dugc mpt NguySn Thj M^ Ldc Quan li, lanh dao nha tnrong nghe phu hap vdi nang lue ban than, nhanh chdng the ki XXL NXB Dgi hoc qu&c gia Hd Ndi 2009 thich ung vdi nghe dean tam vdi nghe da chpn.Trong Phan Van Kha Quan li nha na&c ve gido due NXB do, giao vien, can bd QL, can bp thuc hien chut: nang Dgi hgc qu6c gia Hd N0i 2007 HN friue hien qua trinh SUMMRV -£)ai;/a^*e/gt/aW/^^la ket qua eua qua trinh HN VocaUonal counseling education at trade schools ma trudng da thue hien HN cho cac dd'i tuong hpc include the following elements: the input and the nghe va to chut kiem tra, danh gia ket qua HN nh^rn process and the outcome of vocational counseling dam bao duoc mot so ket qua ea ban nhu: hieu sau The relationship lietween labor market and vocational ve nghe kham pha the gkJi nghe nghiep, hijfng thu counseling educaUon at trade schools is regarded as the basis for organizing and management ofvocatrong qua trinh hpc nghe, thich ung vdi nghe, an tam Uonal counseling educaUon to achieve hl^ efficiency vdi nghe da chpn in the supply of products educational for the labor • Theo ddi ket qua HN: La yeu tdquan trpng nhSm market 20 Tap chi Gido due so 309 -(kil- 5/2013) ... hop dong trach nhiem ve viee eung i/ng, sudung lao ddng ed hieu qua 3.NoidungQL hoatdong GDHN theo hudng dap irng yeu cau cua TTLD QL boat dgng GDHN theo hudng dap ung yeu eau cua TTLD la toan bd... viee trien khai su phd''i hap giiia nha tn/dng vdi cosdsi/dung lao ddng Cac npi dung cua QL hoat dpng GDHN ndi tren duae thuc hien theo cae ehuc nang va phuong phap CO ban cua QL giao due ndi ehung... management ofvocatrong qua trinh hpc nghe, thich ung vdi nghe, an tam Uonal counseling educaUon to achieve hl^ efficiency vdi nghe da chpn in the supply of products educational for the labor • Theo ddi