Cảnh quan nghiên cứu phân tầng xã hội ở việt nam

Xa hyi hpc thyc nghiem Xa hdi hpc sd3 (1351 2016 CANH QUAN NGHIEN CUtJ PHAN T A N G XA H Q I VIET NAM B i n THE CirCJNG* ,n„a ? " / * • ' ^t!^^ iTZd^r '"'fZf ^" ^ ' ^ "^ ^^ ^^ '" ' ^ ' « f>^i^Phdn tdng xd hpi a Viet Nam ' * ' -*"^ "^ " ' ' ^ ^ "^'^'" '^'^'^cduxd hdi/phdn tdng xd hdi «gA/e« cuu phan ang xa hp, a Viet Nam, bdi vii, hin nghi: di tiip tuc phdt triin nghien t cl en ^ ' " ' " - ' ' ' "^"- Pf^SPf^ * " * chi: hogt ddng nghifn cuu xd Zi nuang inifc sif den thay doi chinh sach, qua thay ddi thuc tiin Tif khda: eg cdu xd hpi phan tdng xd h^i ^en tfii g « mien Bdc Vift Namtfiogtddu khfmfm S ^ i t £ n kit c K T i ' d f " hieu vd su dyng ding nghia vdi eo cdu cdc giai cdp co ban W ^ x ^ ^ i t ? ! • u ?' gia cip hay ting ldp xd hpi mang tinh giai cip i ? d d th J t n l f^ ? »'/»/> Khoa hpe xa hpi via^ Nam Bp ^ '"^u"' Canh quan nghien ciiu phdn tdng xa hpi d Vift Nam nghifn ciiu co cau/ phan tdng xd hpi d Viet Nam tir cuii thgp nifn 1970 din Dy dinh nhung bdi vift sau se di sau vao tirng giai doan lich su Do hgn ehi khudn tgp chi myc tdi lieu tham khao ttong bai viet chi neu nhiing tai lieu cung cdp ting quan cho dpc gid hodc dupe df cap bai Mpt torn tat ve nghien cihi phan tang xa hpi tren gidi Nghifn ciiu vi eo cdu xa hpi vdi nhimg khac bift mang tinh tang ldp xd hpi cd lich sir da hang ngdn nam Thdi ci dgi d phuong Tdy (thdi ky Hy Lap), cac nha triit hpc nii tiing nhu Socrates, Plato, Aristotfe diu it nhieu di cap din "mo Wnh xa hpi" bao gim cac ting ldp xd hpi khac nhau, mang ttnh tten - dudi tfiing tti - bi tri d phuong Dong Khing Tir da mo ta ky ludng cdc tang ldp xd hpi CO ban, xac dinh ro vj tti va danh phan cua hp _ Cdch mgng cong nghifp tu ban chu nghia sinh d Tay Au din din nhiing cupc ddu ttanh giai cap dc lift, mpt s i giai cdp mdi xudt hifn ttfn san khdu lich sir, mpt si giai cdp suy tan bifn mat hodc tfiay hmh dii dgng Trong boi canh kich ttnli dy nhifu hpc gia da nghien ciiu vf khac bift giai cdp va ddu tt-anh giira nhimg giai cdp ay Mac noi len ttong sd hp nhu la mpt nha khoa hpc Idn ngudi da dua ly tfiuyit vgt lich sii lam co sd cho vifc ly giai sy hmh tfianh cdc giai cdp ("Ban tfido kinh ti - ttiit hpc 1844"- "Tuyen ngon Cpng san" xuat ban ndm 1848; "Gdp phdn phf phdn kinh ti hpe chinh tti" ddi nam 1859) png sii dyng ly tfiuyet vao vifc phdn tich chuyin dpng cua nhimg eo cdu xd hpi cy tfie, cy tfie la qua cdc tde pham "Dau tt-anh giai cap d Phdp" (1850) "Ngdy 18 S f » T ^ ^ ^ " ^"f L°"'^-NapoMon Bonaparte" (1851-1852), "Npi chiin d Phdp" 1- M J.P" ^ ^^ • ^*'' ^^ ^ ' " ^^ "^ "h™8 cdng ttinh nghifn ciiu sau vi kit cdu xd npi Nga ( by phat ttien cua chii nghia ttr bdn d Nga" xudt ban ndm 1899) X C^.8 ^ ^ vdi Le Nin, Max Weber la ngudi dd dua vifc nghifn ciiu ly tfiuyit vi co cau xd hpi, giai cap vd phan tdng xd hpi sang mpt cdch tfiuc mdi, ong nfu Ifn ba yfu o ttong so phan ttch: d,a vj kinh tf (sd him tdi sdn vd co may tfij ttudng), dia vj cWnh tr (quyen lye) va d,a vj xd hpi (uy tin) Vdi so d i phan tich ly, ong md rpng vifc S f n cuu eo cau xd hpi khong phdi chi d cdc giai d p co ban ma cdn \l ni^v^Xgl^^^ (roSo??39Ss^£p^^' • ^ '^ - ^'^ ^' - ^^ -^ -^ •ky hifnt!^ T r S t' ' t ^ ' ' - ' " ' ^ ' J * ^ " ^'"^j *^P ?^^" '^2°)' "^ I'^i hpc budc sang tfidi ll 1^ ^'' I f ^^ °^y' " ^ ^ " ""^ vf CO ciu/ phan tdng xa hpi mot mdt tifp ttic iXimSl^^t "^'' "^'^ '"^ •"'" '"^' ^'''' ^' ^' ^^ cdp e l ^ ' t n f t f x f hof v A ^ " ' ' t ' f " ° " ^ ^ ' ^ ''^P "^^ " ^ - '^^^ vi CO ciu giai nhA, ^H^r M - " u^? ^ ^^ '1"? Vdn hda - xa hpi cua chiing d cac nude cdng neWfp gl- tiiiiS o khoi cic „«,c X, he, chii nghi rian chiiiig s , Uy vio tinh i ™ s ml,* bpa Bito Bill Thi Cuang dieu, gop phan tgo nhimg quan nifm/ ly tfiuyit vi co ciu xa hpi vd giai ting khdng phan anh dung hifn tfiyc xa hpi Dieu anh hudng Idn din tinh ttgng cac nha qudn l | xa hpi hieu biet khong day dii tfiuc te xa hpi, tao diiu kifn cho nhOng nhan dinh sai vd ta quyet ainn sai nhi^ ! ! " x^^^.^y^.th^^g Mdc xit, cdc nha xa hpi hpc d phuong Tay cdn van dung nhieu ttuyen tfiong ly ludn khdc niia (ly tfiuyit vi co d u / phdn tdng xd hpi cua Weber chue ^ g i ^ cdu ttuc luan, quan diim xung dp.) di ddy Ink nghfen ciiu phan ting xd S o t T ^ ' "^'"".^ ^'P " ^ ' - ^ '' M^ '^^^ eiai tdng cua cdc xa hdi p ^ SS^e d t e •' ^'"? t ° "^ ^ ' "^"^ "^ ""y^" "^^ * ^ ^ ^ "^ va qudn ly dupe khnna*^?- "f'^" ' ' ^ *f' ° ^ ^ ^-^ "^ '=^"' P h ^ ^e xa hpi da lan sang ca cdc nude khong phai phuong Tdy, bao gdm nhieu nude d chdu A, Tnmg Quic, ciing ^ u d Nga S Til dd cho din nay, khdo sdt tfiyc nghifm vi phan ting xa hpi (bao gim cd viec md S S S S ' •"" '^ ""I'V"^ ^ ^ '=''° * ^ " ^ ^ ' " ) ^ trd n e n ^ S T u i ' L n g ndng xa hpi chan doan^ tt, hpu vd dy bao kjch bda Ngudi ta 1dm diiu ndy cd d d p dd dia phuong, quoc gia va todn d u Nhimg nghifn cuu tfiyc nghifm ly tim cdch i S i rtTfn nJo Se^hntiu h L khia r cgnh 'Z"^^ ° ^cdu' ' ' xd " sihpivi(Bid d^c TTii diimCudng, kii^ ti,2010) xa h^i " v ^ h S ae tun hieu n nhiing khdc cija 'co Z W.h °,':^ "?i^^" ?=.'^.Ph^ ting xa hpi tten tfii gidi nhit tti vdi idng Mae vd Max Weber la hat tac gia d tien phong ttong nghifn cuu co d u xd hpi matj^fnhriai d p S SfiprEiJgt5f.»,%x?hai^^*'£ ?:rf4;r.rhr;rriSTri,?:4'srjg*j^£S nguo ta ttifn khai dfu ddn hdng loat diiu tta co v k t b u ^ Z Z ZZa^^ ^ cua CO cau giai tang xd hpi nhdm tfiu tf^p tfidng tin p h ^ \ ^ S l l ' " r i , : ? H ' ° H sach vd qudn ly xd hpi (Mai Huy Bich 2006.2010; Scott.^(W5) ^ ' ^ "^ Canh quan nghien ciru phan tang xd hpi d Vift Nam ^ ' ^ e ^ P h ^ i v i chudi CO d u x d hpi/phdn ting xd hdi d Via N=.,„«„„ i, u 10 Cdnh quan n^ien ctiu phdn long xd hpi d Vift Nam kf dfn mpt sd co quan qudc t i khac itfiu UNDP hay mpt so NGO Tiong cym cd thi bao gdm cd Hpi ddng Ly hign Trung uong Hinh S6 In pham (bii tgp chi khoa hpc vd sdch) vl nghiSn cihi phfin ting xi h$i or Vift Nam tir th$p nien 1980 din gin ddy 80 -0 60 SO 40 30 20 10 42 14 Wf^ Tliip nien 1980 Thqi men 1990 Thgp nien 2000 2010-2015 Nguon: Bill The Cudng (2015b) (So lifu chua day dii) Tdng quan nghifn ciiu co d u / phdn ting xd hii d Vift Nam tti cudi tiiap nifn 1970 den tdc gid nit nhihig nhgn xft sau day -Su phdt ttiin cua hudng nghifn cuu co d u / phdn ting xd hpi dd dupe quan tdm tu rat sdm, ttr cuoi tfiap nifn 1970 diutfi^ipnifn 1980 ttudc tfidi ky Dii mdi ngdy cdng md rpng ttong haitfigpnifn 1990-2000 vd nhihig ndm gin day Nhi^lu tdc gid va cdng ttinh dd chii ttpng din khia cgnh ly l u ^ , phuong phdp ludn S t c L v l ' ^ ' ^ H ? \ ^ - ' ' ^ " : ' V - " ^ - ^hii di n ^ n c i i S f c cd E i d linh w c ndy nhieu nhd nghien ciiu rat cd gdng tim tdi v l mdt ly lu§n vd ky tfiuat phdn ttch Diiu ly dem gi nhihig tfidng tm vd tti tfiuc mdi ttrong dii danjtin cYy gdp f l vdo nhgn tfiuc vd xdy dyng chinh sach cd lifn quan din co d u giai tdng xd h$i i , ^ ^' J-*"^"^ T- ' * * ' ^ '*^° ^ ' '^'"h lupng cd miu Idn vi miic sdng dan cu vd vi mong qua tfidi gian, chua dyng nhieu ttim ndng phat hifn tfidng tin vd fri tfittc vd T i n g t c t £ \ T ^ ' ' ^ ' ' * ™ bi si lifu vd nghifn ciiu ciia Ngan hdng TTii gidi nhihig bi si hfu cd h?tfiongdgi difn todn qudc va cd tinh tiilm quyin chinh tfiing nhit, c S S ' c h T f f * f \ T **"'? ^°P '^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ 8i« it nhdt d ba diiu TTiii vi mdt chon mg,, t h Y ^ - u • ^ ^ '^^ ^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ Sdt djnh lupng cd hf tiling x6t S S ; " c ^ N hL?-Tv'' ^ i ^ ^ ^ r * ^ '^P ^^ "^y- ™ hai!^§hong'cdeh ?han Nam r i e m d S u i r g i S d i ^ ^ l " T ^ ' ' "''' ""^ ^ ' " * ^ ^ " ^ «>"« *^^'^ rieiine nh,r rnAi i" •^' ^ ^^° "^""8 ^^