Sinh kế bền vững cho người dân đồng bằng sông cửu long

^^^^^ Nghien cCTu - Trao doi / Sinh ke ben vihig clio ngiiori dan Ddng lidng song Culi Long O LE MINH TRAN Giim ddc Ban quin ly du an dau tUxay dung Bo Til nguyen vk Mdi trUdng V an chong chiu h$u ting hgp vi sinh ke ben vUng DBSCL dang I dugc trien khai thuc hign, dip Ung y§u cau cap thiet ddi vdi cugc sdng cua ngudi dan Dong bang sdng Cifu Long nim cue Nam cDa To quoc, gom 12 tTnh va motttianhpho trUc thuoc trung Udng, chilu dai giap biln khoang 700 km Day la mpt nhijfng dong bang Idn, phi nhidu cua viJng Ddng Nam A va the gidi vdi h§ thing sdng ngdi chang ehjt DBCL la vung cd y nghTa chiln luoc phat KT-XH cua dat nUde TSng trudng kinh t l tri on djnh mUe kha, binh quan cDa viJng udc dat 8,87%/nam Gia trj san xuat ndng nghiep cua vung ehilm 33,2%, cdng nghiep ddng gdp 9,3% gia tn san xuat edng nghiep cua c^ nude Trong nhilu thang nay, tinh hinh khd han va xam nhgp man tgi cac tinh DBSCL dang miifc bao dpng Hlu h i t cCfa sdng, ven biln nude man d i u lan sau vao dat liln tii 40-60 km, man dupc tU 4-12 g/l Theo dU bao nhOng nam tdi, myc nudc biln se mot dang eao, kha nang xam nhap man se rit Idn LUU IUdng nUdc thUdng nguon v l bj giam sut se khdng du lUu IUdng dly man, nude man se xam nhap sau vao ndi dia gay khd khan Idn tdi san xult ndng nghiep va ddi song nhan dan, vide xay dyng 11 bac thang thCiy dien tren ddng chfnh va cac dap thCiy dien tren ddng nhanh se tae ddng d i n ddng chay mua lu va mua can Hien tai, toan viJng cd khoang 4526 nha may nude vdi tong edng suat cua eac nha may nudc khoang 985.017 m^/ngay dem, dd nUde mat chilm 55-60% tong cdng suit Ngoai ra, tren toan vung hidn cd khoang 36 KCN tap trung dang hogt ddng, vdt tong nhu cau dung nUdc khoang 82.000 mVngay dem Luqng nude thai tU cac khu edng nghiep kholing gin 70.000m^/ ngay, day la mdt nhiJfng nguin cd the tac ddng xau d i n chat IUdng nguon nUdc Theo quy hoaeh din nam 2020, toan vung DBSCL cd khoang 69 KCN di vao hogt ddng Nhan thUc dUde t i m quan trpng cOa van d l nay, Chi'nh phu va Quoc hdi da chT dgo va ban hanh nhilu quylt sach nham nang cao hieu qua sii dyng thdng tin, dCf lieu TNN, bko dkm phat triln ben vOng TNN, phdng chd'ng, giam thilu tac hgi nUdc gay ra, va phan bo edng bang, hdp ly khai thac, sQ dung, TNN Nguon nUdc mat vung DBSCL hien nay, dang bi suy giam hoat ddng xay dyng eac edng trinh thDy dien dau nguon d i n d i n xam nhap man dang cang xam nhap sau vao vung ding bang D l phyc vy cdng tac quan ly TNN can phai kilm soat chat ehe xu t h l dien biln nguon nUdc ndi ehung, nguon nUdc mat ndi ridng, dac biet v l mua can, cung nhy giam sat eac tac ddng den nguon nydc nhu hoat ddng khai thae, sii dyng nUdc, hoat dpng xk nude thai vao nguon nUdc, xam nhap man vao vung dong bang Mac du, vung DBSCL da cd mdt s6 tram quan trac thuy van, quan trae xam nhap man, nhien vdi myc dich de dy bao, canh bao 10 nen tan suat, edng nghd quan trac khdng bao dam de giam sat dUdc eho muc dich quan trac, giam sat va quan ly TNN Xam nhap man tren cac song cang gia tang va Tai nguyen yg Moi tru-dng | Ky 2-Thang7/2016 ^7 cd diln bien phdc tap dang ngdy edng an sau van vung ddng bang, cdc quan trac man hien cd tap trung d vung ven biln khdng ddp dng dUde nhu d u kilm sodt man ngdy cdng xdm nhdp sdu vdo vung DBSCL Vi vdy, can tang cudng bd sung cdc tram quan trae, gidm sdt man d l kiem scat xam nhap man vdo ddng bang Do phdt triln KT-XH, ngdy cang nhieu edng trinh, nha mdy cung nhu cdc hoat ddng sdn xult xd nude thai vdo ngudn nUdc Vide qudn ly, bdo ve TNN ddi hdi phdi ed du thdng tin ve chat lupng nudc de cd nhdng gidi phdp kjp thdi xdy sU cd d nhilm ngudn nudc Hien nay, d DBSCL da cd 60 dilm chit luong nudc, nhidn tan suit lly mlu ch? Id lan/thang, vi vay khdng ddp dng dUOc nhu c i u kilm soat chit luong nudc Vide tang eudng, bd sung cdc tram quan trac, gidm sat chat IUdng nUdc d eac khu vgc cd nhieu hoat ddng xd nude thdi vdo ngudn nude d l cd nhtfng thdng tin sd lieu cd bdn phgc vg ddnh gid tdc ddng eda cdc hoat ddng la rit ein thilt de phuc vg edng tdc quan ly, bdo ve TNN Cae tde ddng cda BOKH d Vidt Nam rat nghiem trpng, la mdt thdch thdc ddi vdl viec xda ddi gidm ngheo, thtfc hidn cdc myc tieu cua thien nien k^r vd phat trien da't nudc b i n vdng Cdc nganh vd cdc vdng de bi tdn thUdng nhlt vdi BDKH Id TNN, ndng nghidp, an ninh luong thtfc, stfc khde cdng ddng, va hd sinh thdi cac vdng ddng bang ven biln De quy hoach eac gidi phdp chdng chju BDKH tdng hdp vd sinh ke ben vdng cda ngtfdi ddn sdng phu thuoc vao ngudn cap nudc td NDO d DBCL d n phai cd 14 cac thdng tin v l ; Sinh ke ben vOng cda ngudi dan phg thude manh vao viec khai thdc NDD, dac bidt la ngUdl dan vdng ndng thdn va vdng sdu vdng xa Theo thdng kd cd khodng 4,5 tridu ngudi phg thupc vdo NDD cho dn udng DBSCL Todn vdng cd 553.135 lo khoan khai thde vdi tdng luu luong la 1.923.681 m%gdy Sd luong lo khoan khai thdc cd luu IUdng nhd hdn 200 m^/ngdy la 552.203 Id khoan, sd Id khoan cd luu luong Idn hdn 200 m^/ngdy chi cd 932 io khoan Cac Id khoan khai thac NDD chu yeu tdp trung khai thac nudc fl ting qp2-3 (417.010 Id khoan), d ting chtfa nudc edn lai ehl ed hon 100.000 lo khoan khai thac Tdng lUOng NDD khai thac cua todn vung DBSCL la 1.923.681 mV Khai thdc td tang qp2-3 la 977.514 m^/ngdy Trong dd cho nhu d u sinh hoat id 801.730 m3/ngay, cho sdn xult ndng nghidp 769.619 m'/ngdy vd cho san xua't cdng nghiep la 352.332 m^/ngdy Vide khai thdc NDD cdn nhilu diem ohUa hop iy, thilu kilm scat da phin ndo gay tde ddng xau tdi TNN dddi da't Dilu t h l hien qua tdc dp suy gidm cao dp mtfc NDD vd Itfdng tich trd ngdc NDD hang nam Thi dg, nam 2000 Id 515 tridu m^ vd nam 2010 gidm cdn 337 trieu m', dilu cd nghTa la tdng lupng tich trO NDO hang nam dang bi giam vdl mot tdc dd trung binh la 77 tridu m^/nam Mang quan trie TNN dudi dit vdng DBSCL ddng vai trd quan trong viec thu thdp va cung d p thdng tin ddnh gia dien bidn sd luong va chit luong NDD theo khdng gian vd thdi gian Cdc thdng tin quan trae da gidp nang cao chinh xae eac ddnh gia vd Tdi nguydn yg Mdi truong | Kt2-Tlian|7ffl016 mdc dp dnh hudng cda khai thac nudc din TNN dudi dat Thgc t l cho thiy, thdng tin quan trac day dd s§ lam gidm rdi ro d i u ttf, nang cao chit IUdng cdc kit qud danh gid TNN, Idm rd cac dnh hudng dd ed dnh huflng cda BOKH, cda biln ddng khai thdc nudc xuydn bidn gidi d i n NDD vung DBSCL Vi vay, ddu tu ndng d p vd xay dgng bd sgng mang qgan trae NDD d l cung d p thdng tin, phgc vg kiem soat khai thdc NDD hieg qgd, lam rd cdc tac ddng cua BDKH, khai thdc nudc eda eac qudc gia thupng ngudn chung bidn gidi tdi TNN dudi d i t vdng DBSCL la hit sdc d n thilt va ed y nghTa thgc tiSn Idn Vide sd dgng ngudn vdn vay cda Ngdn hdng T h l gidl de ndng d p vd xdy mdi mang quan trac TNN dudi dat vung DBSCL cd hieu qud Hien nay, DBSCL dang dd'i mat vdi mdt thach thde to Idn, anh hudng nghidm den phat triln KT-XH dd la v i n de xdi lfl bd sdng vd bd bien Theo cac bao cdo v l danh gid v l thgc trang sat 18 bd biln tai eac tinh ven bien DBSCL thi ed hang tram dilm bd bien, bd sdng bi sdi Id nghiem trpng, Idm mat hdng nghin hecta d i t hdng nam Xdi lfl bd biln xdy da phd hdy nhieu cdng trinh xdy dtfng, khu dan cu, dudng giao thdng vd ldm m i t di nhieu dien tich dat eanh tac Bdi tg bd biln gay sa bdi ludng tag, ben cdng, bdi lap cda sdng, lam gidm dl kha nang thoat id, gay ngap ung tren dien rdng Hdn nda, BDKH lam nudc biln dang vd mat trdi cda cdc hoat ddng phdt trien KT-XH da gdy nhilu tac ddng tieu ctfc nhu mit can bang bdn cdt, suy gidm rdng ngap man ven bien dang lam gia tang tinh trang xdi lfl bd sdng, bd biln k l ea ve cudng dd va tinh phUc tgp xay tai nhieu diem ven biln anh hudng den ddi song cua ngUdi dan ven bien Tinh trang xdi 16 bd biln khu vUe DBSCL dang ed dien bien TrUdc thUc trgng xdi Id bd h i t sLic phUc tgp vdi cudng dd song, bd biln dang diln h i t cang tang Tai Ca Mau, theo sUc nghiem trpng, Nha nUde va thing ke cija cac cd quan chUe chfnh quyln dja phUdng da cd nang, mdi nam sat 16 khoang 900 nhijfng co gang phdng ehong sdi da't, dd phan Idn dien tfch 16 Nhilu dja phUdng da ap dung da't ven bien Tgi tuyin bd bien giai phap cdng trinh nhU ke eUng Tay tinh Ca Mau cd chilu dai vung bd d l tranh sdi Id Ddy la khoang 93 km, dd km giai phap cd suat dau tu cao, dang bi sgt 16 nghiem trpng chua thuc su bin vOng, hidu qua Tuyin bd bien Ddng co chilu dai tai mdt so khu vye, khdng phu khoang 150 km, nhilu dogn da bj hpp vdi xu t h l chung dupc nhilu xdi Id, an sau vao dat lien, gay sat nude hien hUdng tdi la ap Id tilrlO m din hdn 30 m, dd dyng cae bien phap "than thien ciia Ganh Hao va Ho Gui la hai vdi mdi trudng" va "tra lai khdng npi sgt 16 nghidm trgng nhat Hau gian cho sdng" Viee nghien cufu, qua eija tinh trang xam thUc la Ung dung cac giai phap phu hdp hang ngan rUng phdng hd da de han che sat 16 bd sdng, bd bi cuon trdi bien; hang tram bien, suy thoai rUng ngap man la cdng trinh phuc Ipi xa hpi, cd s6 can thilt va cap bach t i n g ndng thdn, nha cua Thilt lap mang quan trae ngUdi dan bj pha hijy Tgi Bac giam sat TNN mat se giup cai Lieu, cung xay tinh trgng bien thien chat lupng thdng tin, so' lieu xam thuc, gay sat Id nhilu khu v l tinh hinh khai thac sCf dyng vUe bd bien Tren eac tuyin bien nude mat cung nhutinh hinh bien Bgc Lidu, cd tren 30 diem thudng dgng eija ddng chay sdng xuyen bj sat Id, nghidm trpng nhlt Mang quan trae, giam sat di la cCfa bien Ganh Hao (huyen vao van hanh se gdp phan thue Ddng H^i), cCfa biln Nha Mat dly cac hanh dpng nhanh chdng (TP Bgc Lieu) Tgi Tra Vinh, tinh kjp thdi dd'i phd vdi cac tinh trang xam thUc cung dien rat huong bat thudng lien quan d i n phUc tgp, tap trung tai khu vUc bd nguon nude nhu suy giam nguon bien huydn Duyen Hai Theo so nudc, d nhilm nudc, nhilm man, lidu cDa Hgt Kiem iam huydn ID lut, han han qua dd bao ve tryc Duyen Hai, vai nam trd Igi tilp Ipi ich va sinh k l eua ngUdi day, trdn 10 rUng phdng hd dan Khi cd thdng tin dU bao, ciia huyen da bj bien xam thyc canh bao sdm cae edng tac doi Dgc biet, tai xa Hidp Thanh, phd nhu phdng tranh, di ddi dan 10 nam qua, tren 30 dat ndng den npi an toan, ed the giam rd nghiep va rUng phdng hd cija xa ret so ngudi b| anh hUdng, giam da bj cuon trdi biln, ca mdt bdt dUdc thiet hai ngudi va cua dogn de dai tren km bj pha huy Dae biet, tai DBSCL, ndi cd ft nghidm trgng hdn Ca Mau, Bgc khoang 1,92 tneu dat ndng Lidu, Tra Vinh nhUng cac t?nh nghiep vdi sinh k l ehinh la canh Ben Tre, Sdc Trang tinh trang tac ndng nghiep nudi song xam thyc gay sat l6 bd bien cung khoang 17 trieu ngUdi thi viec giU gin ngudn nudc ludn dUpc coi la cdng tac uu tien hang dau Day chfnh la hieu qua KT-XH rat Idn CLia dy an, mac du khd tfnh toan cy the bang tiln Ben cgnh dd, vide ed dly dCi cac dij' lidu ve nguon nude giup cho cac cap quan ly TNN va cac ddn vj sii dyng nude cd the hieu rd hdn dUdc eac tac ddng cCia viec khai thac sCf dyng nudc den nguon nude, qua dd dUa dupc cac bidn phap sCf dyng nUde toi Uu, t l i da hda ldi ich kinh t l cOa nguon nude, dong thdi khdng iam suy giam d i n mdi trudng cung nhu ti'nh toan ven cua nguon nudc tUdng lai Vi vay, giUa chi phf dau tu cho Dy an chd'ng chju hau tong hdp va sinh ke b i n vOfng DBSCL so vdi cac Idi ieh ed the dgt dUde, chung ta thay dau tu vao ITnh vyc quan trie TNN se cho hieu qua kinh t l cao thdng tin dUdc thu thap mpt each hien dai, dong bd Dy an ehong chiu khf hau tong hdp va sinh k l b i n vOng DBSCL cd tac ddng tich cue d i n xa hdi, gdp phan bao ve qua lao dgng, san xuat cua toan xa hdi, khdng nhQng giam nhp thiet hgi va on djnh ddi song cua hang chye trieu dan cU khu vUe DU an ma edn tao dieu kien eho Bd TN&MT tang cUdng nang lyc quan ly, chf dgo, dilu hanh cac hoat ddng chuyen mdn, nghiep vy Ngoai cd the cd mpt so tac dpng d i n xa hdi khac eua DU an nhu lay da't de xay dung cac trgm quan trac, nhidn dja dilm xay dUng mdi se dupc tham van ky IUdng vdi ngUdi dan va ehinh quyln dja phUdng d l giam thieu toi da cac trydng hpp phai giai phdng mat bang, gSy xao trdn ddi sing cua ngudi dan.H Tai nguyen yg Moi Iruong | Kif2-Tliang7/2D16 IE ... Khai thdc td tang qp2-3 la 977.514 m^/ngdy Trong dd cho nhu d u sinh hoat id 801.730 m3/ngay, cho sdn xult ndng nghidp 769.619 m'/ngdy vd cho san xua't cdng nghiep la 352.332 m^/ngdy Vide khai... giUa chi phf dau tu cho Dy an chd'ng chju hau tong hdp va sinh ke b i n vOfng DBSCL so vdi cac Idi ieh ed the dgt dUde, chung ta thay dau tu vao ITnh vyc quan trie TNN se cho hieu qua kinh t... nghidp, an ninh luong thtfc, stfc khde cdng ddng, va hd sinh thdi cac vdng ddng bang ven biln De quy hoach eac gidi phdp chdng chju BDKH tdng hdp vd sinh ke ben vdng cda ngtfdi ddn sdng phu thuoc vao