THUC TliN - KINH NGHIEM Xoa floi, giam ngheo oi tinh Nghe An mot so i(inh nghiem va giai phap • NGUYEN TH! THUY CU-eyNG Trifcrng Bai hoc Kinh ti Nghe An Dai hdi Dai biiu toan quic lin thd x n ctia Ding nhto dmh: VietNam da hoan thmhtahet™^^^ bincaccWtieuTMenmenkycuaL,enhppqudc,dicbietdafli^ctaentotcMtieue™n^^^^ bat viit nhim gidi flneumpt si flainhtiru, kmh ngMemxdadd,,pamngheocuatiM,Nghp^^ p ^ lam rd nhan L l tten Hy vong day selanhiing kinh ngMem tdtve cong tacxoa dot, giam ngheo cho mdt sd dia phuong d nudc tit giai doan Men uc dp ddi nghep tten flii gidi khdng giing nhau, nen khdng ed mdt chuto ngheo chung cho tit ca mpi noi, mpi hd, moi nguoi "Ngheo la tinh ttang mdt bp phto dto cu'khdng dupc hudng va flipi mto nhung nhu cau CO bto cita ngudi ma nhiing nhu cau niy dupc xa hdi thira nhto tity flieo ttmh dp phat todn kfah te - xa hdi v i phong tiic tap quin ctia dia phuong"'" VietNam, khai mem hd ddi laflnhtiangbd phan dto eu ngheo cd muc sing dudi muc tdi fliieu, com khdng du no, khong du mac, thu nhap khdng bio dam tti cudc sdng Hd ngheo li hd cd fliu nhap btah quto diu ngudi dudi 400.000 ddng/ngudi/ttltog d ndng flidn va dudi 500.000 ddng/ngudi/flitog o khu vuc flianh fln Xa ngheo la nhung xa cd ti le hp nghep til 25% ttd len v i chua cd dit den hang muc CO sd ting fliiit yiu nhu: dien, nudc smh hoat, dudng giao flidng, ttudng hpc, ttam y te va cho Ngoii ra, quan niem ve vto de dot ngheo ngoai cac tieu cM to, mac, d cdn cd ci tieu cM ve vto hoa, chtol sdc site khde, cic boat dpng xa hot Vdi didn tich 16.490,25 km', ldn nhit ci nudc, dto sd ban 3,1 ttieu ngudi, flnh Nghe An cd 89 xa M Sdthdng6-2016 fliudc didn die biet khd khan d 10 huyen midn nui Thanh tint cua Nghe An la da giim ty le hp ngheo tit 37,35% nim 2006 cdn 26,78% nam 2012; sau bmh quto giimhtogntoi (2012-2015) tii2,5 - 3%; cac huyen, cac xa ngheo giim bmh quto tit - 5%/nam Tit nam 2009 din nay, tinh Nghe An da fliuc Men mpt sd md hmh giam ngheo nhu: Nam 2009, ttiuc Men md hmh chto tiupi bd cii laismd cho 13 hp d huyen vdi mite diu tti ciia nha nudc la 860 tieu ddng Eto fa nhto rpng md Mnh ttdng che Tuyit Shan tai huyen Ky Son vdi dien tich 10 ha/24 hd, vdi tdng mirc hd ttp cua nha nudc li 90 meu ddng Nam 2010, nip tttcttivicMen nhto rpng md htah chto nudi bd cai laismd vdi tdng mtic dau ttt hd ttp ctia nhanudcli 600 meu ddng, nam 2012: 1,3 ty dong Nam 2014, dvi to nhin rpng md htah chto nudi ga ic dupc ttiin khai miic diu tii cua nhi nudc la 400 tiieu dong Nam 2015, tiip tiic dvi in nhto rdng md htoh chto nudi bd laisind sinh sto vdt mdc diu til gin 500 ttieu ddng vi cdch td chuc thuc hien: Nghe An da long ghep cac chuong tiinh, du to ciia ttung uong vdi dia phuong mdt cich linh boat Dd li viec ttiin khai cac Ly luftn e h i n h tri TTnygn thong 79 THUC TliN - KINH NGHIEM NgM quyit 30a/2008/NQ-CP cua CMnh phu ve tofavi fliuc Mpn fliudng cd vtec tang gia phat chuongtttohhdttogiamngheonMmhvabinviing; Vi ngudn vdn hd ttp cua nhi nudc cdn han ch6 Quyitdtahsd 134/2004/QD-TTg cita Thil tiidng; kM 02 hd gia dtoh nudi chung 01 giong nenhm Chuong tttoh 135 giai doan n v i cic chuong tttoh che den vi6c cham sdc, nudi duong _ muc tieu qudc gia, cic du fa xda ddi giam ngheo Tilflivictienttto,mpt so ktah n ^ u p n rut lal tten cac dia bto Sd Lap ddng - Thuong btoh va ttivic Mpn cMnh sich xda ddi giam ngheo cua Nj XahdiflnhNgheAnphoihppvdiCMcvicPhitnien Anla: ndng ttidn v i cic nganh chdc ntog ciia flnh flifah Mot Id, vipc xoa ddi, giitn ngheo cm duoes, lapdofakiimttakhiositdiadiimdiuttixaydimg quanttoi,cHdaosatsaocuaTinh uy UBNOtm^™; mdMnh phto bd ktoh pW, lap dvt tofa ttinh Sd Lao Mat ttan Td qudc, cic doan flie cMnh ttt nhuHm ddng - Thuong bmh v i Xa hdi fllim dinh Xic dinh phvi nii, Doto ttianh men, Hpi cvm chien bmh, Ha si luong cic hd ttiam gia du fa, dia phuang tiiam nong dto d cie cap, svi ddng fliuan cua nhan d » gia dvr to; tiin hanh btah xet cdng khai Thdn bto nhit la cic hd ngheofliamgiafliucMdn vatiienkhat lap danh sich hd ngheo, cd xac nhan cua UBND xa cac chuong trtah, du an cua Trung uang Hai la, ttong qui tiinh thuc M$n eac md Mnh ^ v i xic nhan hp nghep cua cac cip cd ttiim quyen Triin khai tap huin ky fliuat cMn nudi v i cac bien cac dia phuong _ cin khio sit, liy y kiin cua nhta phapphdngttii dich benh Hudng din cichp ttmg dto ttong vimg ve^dec lua chpn cac phuang an, cie budcfliueMendvrfa,tdchiickiimtta,ngMemttiu, mdMnh cay, cpn gidiig,ky fliuat phu hpp vol dieu kien tir nMen, kmh ti cua cic hd ngheo tong kit danh gii kit qui xay dvmg md hinh Ba Id, chil y kM lua chpn cic hp ngheofliampa, Hieu qui thinh cdng md hinh chfa nudi bd laismd va bd dia phuang stah stodNgheAntHtao dvi to phii li cic hd ngheo, cd lao ddng, cd cac dial diiu kien cho cic hp ngheo ttog fliu nhap, tiip fliu kien v i dit dai, kmh ti phu hpp vdi vipc san xuit, tiin bd khoa hpc ky fliuat lam thay dii dan tu tip nudi ttdng ciy, gidng Cic doto ttie va td chfc qufa chto nudi truyin thing sang chto nudi tap lien quan cincdsukiimtra timg viec dam bao ky trung, sto xuit cd tinh chit hfag hda rd ret Sd hp thuit chto nudi; kip thai giiip v i giii quyet ngheo v i ty 16 hp ngheo d im6n Tay Nghe An da nhiing vudng mac cita ngudi din Bon Id, cd su phdi hcip giiia chinh quyen d^ giam di dtog ki Nam 2006, toto mien cd 84.705 hd ngheo, cMim ty 16 37,35% (^6i ntoi 2010, hp phuang v i doi ttipog fliam gia dvi to btog quy che ngheo xet ttieo tieu cM mdi (2011- 2015) d miin ttach nMem Chinh quyin xa quto ly, giim sat c l ^ TayNghe An li 94.747 hp, cMimty le 36,19%, nam che, btah xet chmh xic, cdng khai dam bio giam viing,nhat nhit la cac sd nginh hen quan 2011, cdn 84.254 hp.cMim 31,35%,nam2012 cdn nghec bin1viing, 73.068 hd ngheo cMim ty 16 26,78%iP> Mot so giai phap sau day nhdm tiep tuc day Tuy nhien, sd hd ngheo, ty 16 ddi ngheo va tii manh cdngtdcxda ddi gidm ngheo aNgheAn tnmg ngheo d miin Tay Nghe An cdn cao so vdi cic tinh hinh mdi: - Ttog cudng svr phdi hpp ti chiic thuc Mpn gitia huyen khic ttong tinh Mdi nam, miin Tay Nghe An cd ttdn 20.000 hd tii ngheo Dien hinh cic huyen SVI lanh dao cua cic cip uy Dtog, chmh quy6n Mat tian Td quoc, cic CO quan, dofa ttii v i ngudi ngheo cd si hd nghep vi ty 16 hd ddi ngheo cdn cao nhu Quy Chau, Qui Phong, Tuong Duong, Ky Son Xda ddi, giam ngheo khdng cM li ttich nMpm ciia Cic hd ngheo da sd d vimg sau, vimg xa, vimg dto Nhi nudc m i cdn li ttach nMem cua cac td chiic, tdc thiiu si nen trtah dp thip, tap quto sto xuat, eic doanh ngMep, cic ea nhto, cua toto xa hpi, chfa nudi tu; tii lau ddi nen rit han chi ttong tiudc hit la cua chinh bto ttito ngudi nghep sto xuit, chto nudi ttieo khoa hpc, ky fliuat Ngoai - Ntog cao nhto thiic ciia ci he flidng chinh tii, ra, thi trudng tiuot gii nen kM lap k6 hoach, du tofa flii nhto dto, ngudi ngheottongttivtcfliicMnh 80 l y Inan c h i n h tri & IVnyfin thdng Sdthdng 6-2016 THl/C T l i N - KINH NGHIEM sich xda ddi giam ngheo Thudng xuyen tiiyen tiuyin giao due bing nM6u phuang tien, nhieu hinh fliilc, tich CIIC td chtic cic ldp tip huin nghiep vu, ky ttiuat, phd biin kiin ttllic, trao ddi kinh ngMem sto xuit, ktoh doanh, ttidng tin flii ttudng cho ndng dto, lam tdt cdng tic giio due dio tao de ntog cao tiinh dp dto tii cho ngutii ngheo, giup ngucri ngheo tiip can mdt each nhanh chdng, Meu qua cac chutmg trtoh, mvic tieu chinh sach cita Nhi nudc - Ntog cao nhan thtic v i tmh thto ttach nMem cho cfa bdtiivictM, td chirc quto ly chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo Thudng xuyen td chiic dio tao, bdi dudng ngMep vu, tap huan cto bd v i chu truang chinh sach, ky nfag tuyen ttuyen, hudng din ngudi ngheo tun cich xda ddi giim ngheo thudng xuyen va liu dai - Phat huy tiuyin thdng nhfa ii, "li lanh ddm la rich", tim nMiu giii phap huy ddng ngudn vdn diu til,flivrchien xa hdi hda chfah sich xda ddi giam ngheo, tich cvic phit huy ndi luc, huy ddng ngudn llic ttr ndi bd tinh Keu gpi svr tvt nguyen ddng gdp cua cic td chiic, cac ca nhto, cic doanh ngMep, cac tapflie,cac nha hio ttoi ttong va ngoai nudc dau nr cho chmh sich xda ddi giim ngheo - Nfag cip, md rpng dudng giaoflidng,he flidng fliuy lpi, tudi tidu, xay dvmg mptsicdng tiinh dien, nudc, eac cdng trinh buu dien - vfa hda mdi cho nhiing xa ngheo, huyen ngheo Nhi nudc va nhto dto cung lam, flute Mfel xa hpi hda ttong viec xiy dvmg - Diy manh giio due dio tao nghe, ttog cudng diu tti ca sd vat chit ky tiiuat, ttang fluit bi phuc vu cho viec day va hpc, dip tao nghi oho ngudi nghec Cd chmh sichttiuhiit dpi ngu giio vien, cto bd qufa ly cd ttinh dp quto ly, chuyen ngMdp, dupc dip tap, bdi duong, tap huin fliudng xuyen di ntog cao tinh qufa ly, hudng din cho ngudi ngheo Thin; Men xa hpi hda giao due ttong viec dao tao nghe giii quyit viec lam cho ngudi ngheo - Thuc Men cii each hinh chtoh,flieohucjng tinh giin, gpn nhe, nhim ntog cao ntog lure cua bd miy hinh cbinh ca sd dia phuang Chu dpng nim bit kip thdi nhiing vudng mic ttcng cdng tic thuc hien Sdthdng 6-2016 Hoi thao: "Danh gii hieu qua chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo & cac huyen mien T i y Nghe An" UBND tioh Nghe An to chirc nh5m tim cac giai phap xoa doi, giam ngheo Anh: TL chtah sach xda ddi giam ngheo di cd phuong hudng v i bien phip giii quyit fliich hpp Can phii gan ttach nMem cu flii vdi Meu qui ttllic Men - Tfag cudng kiim tra giim sat, dtoh gia id rtog, mmh bach, khuyin kMch mpi ngudi dto fliam gia kiim tta giam sit ttong cio boat ddng phto bd ngudn kinh pU diu tu, sit dvmg, phin phdi, cM ti6u, cd CO chi khen ttiuong, ky luit ddi vdi nhimg td chuc, ca nhfa lim tdt hay lim sai chinh sich xda ddi giim ngheoD (1) Din Hieo I.e Qu6c Ly (2012), Cliinli sdcli xoa doi giam ngheo Thifc Irang vd gidiptiap Nxb CTQG, H, tr.l3 -14 (2) IJy ban nhan dantinjiNglie An (3 2013), Se a« p&rf men fell* te-xd lioi mdn Tdy tinh NglieAn din ndm 2020 Ti lieu lim trii Tinh liy Nghe An TAI LEU THAM liHAO: tjy ban nhin dan tinh Nghe An (3.2013), Oe o«pW( Meii fdfihte-xdli^i Tdy linh Nghe All den ndm 2020 Imhmhm tai Tmh liy Ngh? An Doan Minh Due, Van di ddi ngfieo mdt so tiuyen mien Tdy Nghe An-Ttiixc trang yd gidi plidp din nam 2020.^xb.t