Vấn đề thực thi thể chế quản lý văn hóa ở đô thị hiện nay từ bất cập đến kiến nghị

«GHII;N ciru - TRAO DOI OVZ^d/ VANflETHirC THI THE GHE QUAN IY VAN HOA ii 00 TO! HIEN KAY til btft cOp dtfn kitfn nghj TSNGUYfiN HUY PHONG D anh gia vl nhung tuu dat duoc va ca nhiing bat cap ban chfl' eong tac quan ly van hda qua 15 ndm thue hien Nghi quyg't Trung uong nam khda VIII ve "Xdy dimg vd phdt trien nin van hda Viet Nam tiin tiin, ddm dd bdn sdc ddn tdc", Dang ta nhan dinh: "Cflng tae quan ly nha nude ve van hda dugc tang eirong, thfl'chg'vdn boa timg budc dugc hoan thifln''^ Tuy nhifln, o mot so' dia phuong, vifle xdy dung va thuc thi nhung the che've quan ly van hda cbn ton tai nhie'u bat cap, yg'u kem: "Hg thfl'ng thie't chg'van hda va eo so vat chat, ky thuat cho boat dgng van hda cbn thifl'u va yfl'u, ed noi xufl'ng dp, thieu dfl'ng bfl, hiflu qua su dung thap"^ Yi the, viee quan tdm xdy dung he tho'ng the' chfl', thifl't chfl'vdn hda dfl'ng bp ciing nhu vdn hanh va thuc thi ed hiflu qua the' chfl se gdp phin quan trpng vao eong cupc xdy dung va phat trifl'n van hda, eon ngubi Viet Nam dap iing nhu clu phat trien ben vung dd't nuoc hien Van hoa thi vd nhfing the che quan ly vdn hoa a d d thi Dfl thi la noi tdp trung cua eac trung tdm chinh tri, kinh te', van hda, xd hfli; la noi cd mat ddn cu dflng, cd vai trb quan trpng trpng viflc phat trifl'n kinh tfl' - xa hfli cua dd't nudc Viet Nam, qua trinh thi hda nhiing nam qua diln vdi tfl'e dp nhanh vdi nhie'u loai hinh thi mdi dugc lap, dem lai dien mao mdi cho dd't nudc, thu hiit nguon vfln diu tu * Hoc vien Chfnh trj qudc gia Hd Chf Minh nuoc ngoai, tiing buoc ndng cao chat luong cuflc sfl'ng cua ngubi ddn Theo sfl'lieu tho'ng ke ve tinh hinh phat trifl'n dfl thi o Viflt Nam thi "tinh dg'n thang 12 - 2013, ca nudc cd 770 dfl thi, cd dfl thi dae biet, 14 dfl thi loai 1,10 dfl thi loai II, 52 dfl thi loai III, 63 thi loai IV va ebn lai la cac thi loai V Dan so' dfl thi nam 2013 tang khoang 1,3 triflu ngubi so vdi nam 2012 Theo dd, ty le dfl thi hda trfln toan qufle tinh dg'n 12 - 2013 la 33,47%, tdng 1,02% so vdi ndm 2012, tuong duong dan so'dfl thi tang khoang 1,3 triflu ngubi/ nam Tuy nhign, ddn cu dfl thi phdn bo khflng deu, tdp trung chu yg'u b eac phfl'ldn (khoang 50% ddn so' dfl thi tap trung tai 16/770 thi tren ca nude)"^ Va theo Quyg't dinh phfl duyet quy boach tong the phat trifl'n he tho'ng dfl thi Viflt Nam den nam 2025 va tam nhin dfl'n nam 2050 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu (Quyfl't dinh so'445/QD-TTg, - - 2009) tbi dg'n nam 2025, tfl'ng so'dfl thi cua ca nude vao khoang 1.000, ti-ong dd CO 17 dfl thi tu loai I de'n dac biet; 20 dfl thi loai II; 81 dfl thi loai III; 122 dfl thi loai IV; cbn lai la cac tbi loai V Xet ve mat van hda, dfl thi la noi tap trung nhieu di san, di tich van hda, chiia dung nhilu trim tieh lich su dung nuoc, giii nudc eua cha ong; noi tdp trung cbu yfl'u 1,2 Oang Cdng san Viet Nam: Van kien Hdi nghj lan thii chin Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa XI, Luu hanh ndi bd Van phdng Trung uong Bang, H, 2014, tr, tr Din theo B aoxaydung.com vn/news/vn/xa-hoi/do-thi/n am2013-viet-nam-co-770-do-thi html 561, NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI cua dfli ngii tri thiic, cflng nhan, doanh nhdn vdi miic theo huong hifln dai Tuy nhien, viec phat trifl'n kinh sfl'ng cao, ed dieu kien de phattirientoan dien Vdi cosb tfl' phai di doi vdi phat trie'n van hda, nang cao miic ting duoe diu tu, trinh dp ddn tri cao, nhieu trung sfl'ng, muc huong thu va sang tao van hda cua ngubi tdm vui choi, mua sdm, cac eflng vien, nhd hat, bao dan, vi xet den eung, muc tieu phat trifl'n la vi tang dugc lap, se la nhiing co hpi thudn lgi dfl ngubi, vi su hoan thifln nhdn each mfli cd nhdn nang eao dbi sfl'ng tinh thin cua ngubi dan Trong nhiing nam qua, de bao ton, phat buy nhiing Tuy nhign, mac dii da dat duge mpt so'ke't qua nhdt gia tii van hda b dfl thi, dd cd nhirng gia tri van boa dinh, nhung ve coban qua trinh dfl thi hda bnudc ta ebn vdt the (nhu cac cflng trinh kie'n true, diti'ehHch sueach bflc 18 nhieu bat on Rat dong nong ddn trbtbanh thi dan, mang, den chiia ) va nhung gia tri van hda phi vdt the rat nhieu dientiehddt nong nghigp tro dit thi (bao gim cae boat dflng tm ngubng, phong tuc, trb choi nhb cac quyfl't dinh hanh ehfnh, hay ndi each khac, cae ddn gian, cac loai huih sdn kha'u, nghe thudt ), Dang, thi dd phai "om" qua nhieu nong dan, nflng thfln va nong nha nutjc va cac eg quan ban nganh dia phuong da ban nghiep Nam 2013, sfl'luong ngiriri ddn nflng thon chifl'm hanh nhieu vdn ban, chi tbi (nhu Chi thi s6'27 cua Bp ty le ldn tong dan so'eua mgt sfl'thanh pho'(nhueua Chinh tri khda VUI (1998) ve thue hien nfl'p sfl'ng van Hd Ngi khoang 57,5%, Hai Phong khoang 53,4%, Can nunhtirongviflc cudi, viee tang, lg hpi), nghi quyfl't ( N ^ Tho khoang 33,5%, TP Hi Chi Minh 17,5% va eua Da quyet Trung uong khda VHI (1998) ve' xay dung va Ndng khoang 12,7%) da gayra nhieu bat cap phat phat trien nen van hda Viflt Namtientie'n,dam da ban sac ddn tfle), xdy dung eac luat (Ludt Di san van hda, trien kinh tfl'va nhieu khd khan quan ly dfl thi Sudi cui at cua cu dan nong thon dfl thi lam an, Luat Quang cao, Ludt Xudt ban, Ludt Difln anh, Luat Bao chi, Ludt So hiiu tri tufl, Ludt Du lieh, Phap lenh kiem song, mang theo nhiing le loi, thdi quen cu cua ngubi tieu nflng khifln cho vifle quan ly, dilu hanh, to cbuc ^ hpi Thu vifln), phat dgng phong trao "Toan dan doan kfl't gap nhieu khd khan Mat khac, qua trinh dfl tbi hda qua xdy dung dbi sflng van hda" Va cae eflng dong ddn cui nhanh khien cho nhilu euddn chua kip thich dr\% vdi loi khu pho' Cling xdy dung nhiing bfl quy tac iing xu; nhiing sw^ cong i^hiep, vdi nep song van minh, hien dai Ddn sfl' quy dinh chung tao hanh lang phap ly dfl'tao nhiing dfl thi dflng, trinh dp nhdn thuc khflng dfl'ng deu, su tiep khong gian van hda, mfli trubng van hda lanh manh ma nhan nhiing ye'u to'van hda ngoai lai khflng thfl'ng nhat, b dd ngubi cd dieu kien de' phat huy nang lue sang each hanh xu tiiy tien, tii vfl t^ chuc ddn dfl'n biic tao, huong thu nhung gia tri tinh thin, ndng cao chat lugng cufle song tranh dfl thi trbnfln "nhg'eh nhac" Dac biet, onhung thi ldn nhuHa Npi, TP Ho Chi Ng'u coi "thi chl (institution) la su chg' dinh vl ludt Minh, Hai Phbng , canhtironglpn xpn giao thflng le dat cho mfli eflng dfl'ng, qufl'e gia de cae vifln thirong xuygn difln Quy hoaeh khflng gian kifl'n tnic, cflng ding dd can eii thuc hien Va the ehe quan ly eanh quan thi khflng dong deu, quy dat eho eac hoat van hda la nhung quy dinh, luat phap eua nha nunc va dpng vui choi cong cpng, xay dung nha trubng, bflnh vien eo quan ban nganh, doan the' tao dung nhdm tao de' dap iing nhu clu hoc tdp, kham chiia bflnh cua ngiroi hanh lang phap ly va nhung quy dinh cu the viec dan qua ft Te nan xa hgi khflng ngung gia tdng Nhieu dam bao boat dgng cua hnh vuc van hda", tM troi^ thbi di san van hda bi xdm bai, lam mdi, gdy biic xiie du gian viia qua nhung thfl' chfl' van hda duoe ban hanh da luan Tinh trang mdctiii,ehen ep khach du lich nudc phat huy tdc dung ldn viflc tao banh lang phap ngoai xay thubng xuyen Van nan nhiflm moi tnrong ly, mfli trubng boat dgng dfl' cac co quan chiie nang can de dga nghigm trpng va anh huong ldn de'n chat luong cu thuc thi, ngiroi ddn tudn tiiu thuc bifln, tao nep cuoc so'ng eua ngubi dan Nhung hien tuong phan van sfl'ng van minh, lieh sucua cu dan noi tbi hda dd tao nhilu bat ^n Ibng nhiing tbi dugc Nhung bit cap vi^c thuc thi the che coi la hien dai, van minh quan ly vdn h6a d d6 thi Cd the' ndi, vifle quy boach, phat trig'n cac thi la Mac dii Dang, Nha nude va cac co quan ban nganh yflu clu td't yfl'u, phan anh qua trinh phat trien cua dd ban hanh nhieu van ban, chi thi, nghi quyfl't, xdy dd't nudc, nhdm thue hien cong muc tieu de'n dung he thfl'ng eac ludt, phap Iflnh nhdm quan ly tot nam 2020, nude ta coban tro nude eflng nghiep nhlt cae boat dpng vdn hda, trongdd cd boat dpngsang L',GHlfiN c u u - T R A O DOI tao, bao quan, phan phfl'i, quang ba, trao doi,tieudiing cac san phlm van hda Tuy nhien, nhung bifl'n dpng eua thuctieneuflc song dimng nhu luon di nhanh va vugt ngoai vbng kiem soat cua cac van ban Dong thbi, cflng tae to' chiic, thuc thi cae dieu khoan quy dinh, xu phat cdc hanh vi xam hai di san van boa, cac hanh dflngphan vdn hda o noi cong cflng chua ding bp, thifl'u chat che, thieu ehe' tai va ngubi xuli nfln nhieu dilu khoan quy dinh khd ap dung vd khd di vdo thuctifln.Cflng tae dao tao, bfli dubng nghigp vu cho can bfl lam cong tae van hda chua dugc quan tam dung miic, ddn dfl'n mgt so' can bfl xulitinhhud'ng tbirimg liing tung, ciing nhdc, rap khufln may mdc, gay nhiing phan iing trai chilu duluan dung va thuc hien van hda o Dang, thue hifln nghiem viee phg binh va tu phg binh, sue hoc tdp va lam theo tain guong dao diie Ho Chi Mmh Yi tu tuong, dao diic, lfl'i sfl'ng la nhung bieu hien van hda eua mpt eon ngiroi Dfli vdi ngubi lanh dao, quan ly eIn thue hanh nghiflm ky cuong, phap ludt, cd Ifl'i sfl'ng sang, lanh manh, td't ca vi lpi ich cua nhdn ddn, boi tain guong ciia hg cd siic anh huong sdu rpng de'n quin chiing nhdn dan, tao cho hg niem tin, niem hy vpng Tuy nhifln, sau nam thuc bien nghi quyg't, nhiing bd't cap cong tac can bp vln chua cd nhilu chuyfl'n bien tieh cue Thii hai, qua trinb dfl thi boa va di dan tu tirnflng thon thi gayra nhiing xao trgn ve van hda, gdp phin tao nhiing biie tranh tuong phan giua hai lfl'i Danh gia ve nhiing nguyfln nhan din de'n nhung bit sfl'ng cua thi ddn va nflng ddn, ngubi giau - ke ngheo; cap cong tac quan ly vdn hda nhiing ndm nhdn thuc, bieu biet ve phap ludt cbn ban chl nfln nhieu qua, Dang ta thang than ehi ra: "Viflc cu thfl' hda, the van ban, chfl'tai xuly nhunam 2013, Luat Phbng, chfl'ng ehfl'hda nghi quyet cua Dang cbn chdm, thie'u dong bp va tac hai cua thufl'c la va Nghi dinh 176 ve xu phat vi mpt so' trubng hgp ebn thie'u kha thi Cflng tac pham banh chmh linh vue y t l da cd hiflu luc quan ly nha nudc vl van hda cham duge doi mdi, ed liic, nhung dubng nhu chua cd trubng hpp nao bi xu phat, vi cd noi bi xem nhe, tham ebi huflng long Chua quan thie'u ngiroi giam sat, thuc hien Mdi ddy, Idnh dao tdm diing miic eflng tac dao tao, bfl'i dubng nguIn nhdn UBND TP Ha Noi da dg' xuat "edin" ndi tuc, chui bdy, luc hoat dpng linh vue van hda, nha't la dpi ngii xuly eae hanh vi thig'u van hda tai tnrong hpc va can bfl lanh dao, quan ly cae cd'p"^ xa hfli De' xuat khoi phat tude' an bp quy tdc iing xu Trudc nhung difln bifl'n phue tap cua tinh hinh van eho ngubi Ha Npi, dupe xdy dung ehinh ehuong hda thi, nhieu co quan nghifln cuu, eae hpe gia, trinh "Phat trig'n van boa - xa hpi, nang eao chat lugng nhd khoa hoe da to' chuc cae hpi thao ban vl phuong nguon nhan lue Thu dfl, xdy dung ngiroi Ha Nfli hudng, giai phap nhdm kbdc pbuc nhiing bit cap cua lieh, van minh" Nhung mdi ehi la y tuong tfl't cbn vifle cflng tae quan ly van hda thi, nhung nhung kifl'n eu thfl' hoa tbi rat khd thuc bien vi thie'u che' tai xu nghi ay vln chua dupe thuc thi cd hieu qua ddy, phat Trong dd, hang ngay, hang gib nhiing noi chiing tfli xin nflu mpt sfl' trubng hgp tieu bieu cflng cpng nhu khufln vign bflnh vifln, trubng hoc, nha dbi so'ng vdn hda ma bifln nhiing eo chg', chinh sach, hat, bfl'n xe, eflng vifln, nhung hifln tupng phan vdn hda nhu hiit thufl'c, chui tuc, ndi bay,tieutien vo tpi va vdn the' chg' ehua phat huy hfl't tac dung Thu nhdt,tinhtrang xufl'ng dp cua dao diic, lo'i sfl'ng dign thirong xuygn giiia dfl thi Mpt dilu nbiie nho'i cua mpt so' can bfl, dang vifln, nan tham nhung, lang nha't dfl thi bien la tinh trang hfln loan cua giao phi, eua quyln, hach dieh gdy mat nilm tin thflng Mae du cd ehfl tai xuphat, ed Ludt Giao thflng nhan dan Trudc tanhti-angcd nguy eo anh huong dg'n su dubng bfl, nhung y thuc cha'p hanh eua ngubi ddn chua ton vong eua che' dfl Dang da ban hanh Nghi quye't cao, them vao dd la co so ba tang giao thflng thifl'u dfl'ng Trung uong khoa XI, ve' "Mdtsd vdn de cdp bdch vi xdy bp, thie'u quy hoaeh, trongkhi dan sfl'dfl thi khong ngung dung Bdng hiin nay", dd nhd'n manh de'n tinh gia tang khie'n cho van de cang trbnfln nhiic nhfli trang suy thoai vl dao due each mang eua can bp, dang Thii ba, van de bao tfl'n di tich lich suvan hda tren vifln, nhung ngubi ed ehiic, cd quye'n De'khae pbuc tinb dia ban cae thi thbi gian qua cung da gay tr^ng tba hda, xufl'ng cd'p vl dao diic, cin tap trung xdy nhiing phan iing dii doi tir du ludn Viec sua chiia, triing tu, ndng cd'p, cai tao cac khu dich tich lich su Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Vankien Hoi nghi lin thii chin cd'p quo'c gia nhuChiia Trdm gian (Ha Npi), hinh anh Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa XI, LUu hanh ndi bd, van phdng Trung Ufl'ng Dang, H,2014, tr 5, 6, Xem tiep trang 82 57 ... tao, huong thu nhung gia tri tinh thin, ndng cao chat lugng cufle song tranh dfl thi trbnfln "nhg'eh nhac" Dac biet, onhung thi ldn nhuHa Npi, TP Ho Chi Ng'u coi "thi chl (institution) la su chg'... co so ba tang giao thflng thifl'u dfl'ng Trung uong khoa XI, ve' "Mdtsd vdn de cdp bdch vi xdy bp, thie'u quy hoaeh, trongkhi dan sfl'dfl thi khong ngung dung Bdng hiin nay" , dd nhd'n manh de'n... cflng tae to' chiic, thuc thi cae dieu khoan quy dinh, xu phat cdc hanh vi xam hai di san van boa, cac hanh dflngphan vdn hda o noi cong cflng chua ding bp, thifl'u chat che, thieu ehe' tai va ngubi