HEHIEHCmiCHlHHTHI-XAHil MOT SO VAN DE DAT RA TRONG NGHIEN Clhl VE CONG NGHIEP VAN HOA VIET NAM HIEN NAY NGUYEN NGOC HA * T Hdi nghj lin thtt Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong Dang khda XI, Idn diu tidn cic van kidn cua Dang da ndu quan dilm vl phit triln cdng nghidp van hda Nghi quyd't ciia Hfii nghi ndu ro muc tidu "diy manh phit triln cfing nghidp van hda" vd "Phat trien cfing nghidp vin hda di ddi vft xiy dung, hodn thidn thj trudng van hda" dugc xdc djnh la nhidm vu nhim xay dung va phat triln van hda, nguft Vidt Nam ddp ttng ydu ciu phit trien bin vttng ddt nudc Ttt chil trucmg ciia Dang, vide nghidn cttu vl cfing nghidp van hda tiep tuc dat mgt cich cip thilt trdn ca phuong didn hgc thuit vd phucmg didn thuc tidn, xuit phat ttt nhttng ydu cdu cu thl sau: Ve mat hoc thuat: Nghien cttu cong nghidp van hda dang Ihu hut sir quan tam sdu sdc ciia gift khoa hoc, xuat phat ttt may ly sau: Mgt Id, ly luan vd cfing nghidp van hoa lufin bi chl djnh bft chii ihuylt phdt triln ciia tttng qud'c gia, tiing thl chd'nha nudc Hai Id, "Cfing nghidp vin hda" la mdt khii nidm kha mft d Viet Nam, cdn nhieu vdn dl ly luan chua rd rang, tham chf cdn xung dot gitta cdc nha khoa hgc, cic khuynh hudng nghidn cttu Sau mdt thft gian dai chuyen ddi ttt co che kinh tl bao cip sang co chl kinh te thi trudng, cic nganh cdng nghidp van hoa mft dang hinh Vi viy, ndi din co ciu ngdnh cdng nghidp van hod nudc ta, thudng thi vah de mdi chu ylu bd hep pham vi cua cac nganh/nghl Nhd nudc dang quan ly va ddng vai trd sd hiiu, bao gdm: - Cflng nghidp truyen thfing dai chung (cdng nghidp ciia bao chf, xudt ban, in dn, phat hdnh, quang cao, triln lam, thdng tin cd ddng ); - Cfing nghiep am nhac (cdng nghiep phuc vu boat dfing ca miia nhac va cac san pham am nhac ttt bang, dia); si Hgi \ ien Chinh In qiid'i: gia Hd Chi blmh 30 - Cdng nghidp didn anh (cfing nghidp xSy dung phim, hiu ki phim va phat hanh phd biln phim); - Cfing nghiep phuc vu nghd thuat bilu diin (cflng nghd tham gia vdo khiu am thanh, anh sing, thilt kl sin khdu); - Cfing nghidp my thuat (cdng nghfi hod sinh sang tao va bao quan, cdng nghidp tham gia vao khau phat hanh); - Cflng nghidp dich vu vui chft, giai trf (cfing nghidp vl cic san phim vui choi true tid'p vi san phim game ttt phdn mdm) Hidn cac boat dfing chii yeu ciia cac doanh nghidp nha nudc nganh van hoi thdng tin (cii) bao gom: - Hoat dfing xuat ban, in dn, phat hanh; - Hoat dfing san xudt phim, phdt hanh phim vd chilu phim; - Hoat dfing my thuat, quang cao, nhiep anh; - Hoat dfing lu bd di tfch, thilt k l thi cfing cac cfing trinh van boi; - Hoat dfing kinh doanh vit tu, thilt bj chuydn ngdnh van hoi thfing tin vd cac boat dfing san xudt kinh doanh cac dieh vu van hod khac'" Trong CO chl thi trudng dinh hudng xa hfii chu nghta, mfit sd ITnh vuc cua dft sdng van hoi d nude la da cd su chuyin biln, hudng din phuong thttc san xuat, phd bid'n, tidu dttng theo Ifi'i cfing nghidp hoi - ciing vdi vide nhip khdu cic san phim va djch vu van hod ttt nudc ngoii Song, su phat trien ciia mfit so' ITnh vuc vin hda theo hudng cfing nghidp van hoa d nudc ta chu ydu mdi tip trung d phd' ldn Trdn thuc ll thi cdc loai hinh dang tdn tai dan xen rdt phttc tap San xudt, kinh doanh cac san phdm van hoi d Vidt Nam bidn chua xuit hidn va hinh thdnh nhirng tap doin ldn hay cdc tfi hgp da chttc Hoai ddng vdn lida vd sdn plid'm vdn hda Hang ca the thi iru&ng dinh hitdng xd hdi chu ngltTa A nudc la hifn Bd Khoa lioc cdng nghi, De tdi ddi lap tdp nlid mto< 2006-2007 TAP CHf GlAO DUC t * LUAN - SO 234 (9/2015) NGHliN ctiu CHiNH TBI-XAHOI nang Qua tilnh san xudt - phin phdi - phd bid'n cac san phdm van hoa vdn chii ylu cdc dem vi nhd nude dam nhidm Cic don vi tu nhan chu ylu tham gia d khiu luu thdng trdn thi trudng, su tham gia niy cdn manh mttn, tu phdt, dac bidt la chua mang tlnh chuydn nghiep Triln khai nghidn cttu vd vih de cfing nghidp van hod b Vidt Nam vft nhttng chieu canh dan xen cua nd la co hfii dl gidi khoa hgc cung hgp ldc nghidn cttu, chia se trach nhiem dl tim mdt quan nidm thdng nhit dfi'i vft mdt vfc dl khd va phttc tap nhu cflng nghiep van hda Nhieu "khoang trdng" vl ly luan cdng nghidp van hda phai dugc khda lip, ttt cdc khdi nidm cfing cu, phin loai, cic hudng tid'p cin cong nghidp van hda ttt van hoa hgc din kinh te hgc (kinh te hgc dich vu va kinh te hgc phue lgi), mdi quan he gitta cai kinh l l va cii van hoa phil triln cdng nghidp van hda, die tnmg ciia cfing nghidp vin hda quy chilu vao timg trinh dfi phit triln khdc nhau, td chttc he thdng san xudt va mfi thttc tidu dimg san phdm cfing nghidp van hda Khfing khda ldp dugc cic "khoang trdng" vd ly luan cdng nghiep van hda ndu Crdn thi khdng chi ban chl dd'n cung cdp luin ett khoa hgc cho can thidp chinh sach, ma ban than vide nghidn cttu vl cfing nghidp van hda" cung se thilu dinh hudng phit trien, dd rft vdo nguy eo "nhip khdu" may mdc, gido dilu ly thuylt ngoai sinh Ve mat thue tiln: Nghien cttu edng nghiep van boa la nhu cau thuc tiln rat hue xue, dugc hui thuc bft may ly sau: Mot Id, gdn 30 nam ddi mdi, md hlnh quan ly phat uiin van hda nudc ta cdn nhilu lung tttng, dtt quan dilm xay dung nen van hda Vidt Nam tidn tiln, dim da ban sic dan ldc lufin dugc khing dinh nhit quin Lung tung Ic^ nhi't la chuyin ddi mfl hlnh td chttc va boat dfing ciia cac don vi su nghiep cfing tham gia cung ttng hang hda - dich vu van hda, xic dinh mttc dfi va kha nang tham gia cua tu nhin cung ttng hang hda - dich vu van hda dinh hinh cac md hinh hgp tac cflng tu (public-private pametship) san xudt cfing nghidp vin hda Ban chdt siu xa la khdng xac dinh dugc cfing nghidp van hda thi loai hlnh ndo Id hang hda cfing, trdch nhidm ciia Nha nudc; loai hinhndo la hang hda "i cdng" (ludng tinh), cd thl hop tic cdng tu duft nhieu hlnh thttc linh hoat nhu uy quyen eung gdp vdn TJIIP CHi G I A O DVC L* L U A N - SO 234 (9/2015) san xudt ; loai hinh nao la hang hda tu, s&i sang eho tu nhin dau tu san xuit Hoac can thiep ciia Nhd nudc eung khdng lich bach dugc rd rdng giua cic khiu quan ly, td chttc cung dng hang hda - djch vu vd chi tra phf Trong mdi khiu dd, diu la trach nhidm Nhi nude, diu la trach nhidm xa hfii, diu li trich nhidm hidp quan - hgp tie cfing tu, mttc dd tham gia nfing - siu sao? Dilu dd Idm cho cac don vi sU nghidp cfing lap boat dfing ITnh vuc cfing nghidp van hda cham chuyin ddi md hlnh, thilu quyin tu chii cdn thill, thid'u ngudn Iuc phat trien, san phim tao kem sttc canh tranh, Nhd nudc budng Idng quan I^ mat nhung lai silt chat quan ly d mat khdc Cic doanh nghidp tu nhin kinh doanh van hda ft lim dugc hfl trg cua Nha nudc, tu minh buem trai, khd khan trim be, san xuat nhilu san phdm chay theo thi bilu tdm thudng, xa rdi dinh hudng gii tri van hda Hgp tdc cdng tu vdn da rdt ft oi nganh cfing nghidp vin hda, lai chua kiem chung dugc tfnh hidu qua Thuc trang ndu trdn dil nhu cau bttc xuc phai tid'p tue ddi mft co chl, md hinh quan ly cic don vj su nghidp vin hda cdng lap, md rfing vai trd tham gia ciia tu nhin bang hlnh thttc hgp IJ, tang cuftig hgp tic cdng thdng qua nhiing CO chl va trach nhidm rd rdng; vide nghidn cttu dl din dat vaji dl ndy dang dat bttc tbid'l Hai la, di't nude ta bidn da budc sang ngudng qudc gia co mttc thu nhip trung blnh thdp, dang co ci'u lai mfl hlnh tang trudng ttt tang trudng theo chilu rflng sang tang trudng tbeo chilu sau, dd cfing nghiip van hda chilm ty trgng ngdy cdng Ifti GDP ciing nhu giai quyit vide Idm, ning cao mttc sdng va chit lugng sdng eua ngUft din Mttc sdng tang ldn, mfit bfi phan nguft dan sin sang rdi bd cac loai hang hda - dich vu (vin hda) cdng cdng midn phi ma chit lugng thdp dl chuyin sang thu hudng nhiing hang hda - djch vu (van hda) cd chdt lugng cao hon, dtt chip nhin chi tra phi; mfit bd phin cin din nhfing djch vu - san phdm vin hda dac ihtt Theo dd, phit triln cdng nghidp van hda se dong gdp vdo qui trinh co cdu lai md hinh tang tnrdng, giai quyd't lao dfing va vide lam, thoa man nhu cdu cua khdch hang Nhung vi'n dl quan trgng hem la dieu kidn mttc sfi'ng cua nguft din dugc ning cao, cfing nghidp vin hda phai dap ttng dugc thap nhu cdu tjnh tiln ciia nguft din vft nhihig san phdm cd chit lugng, dii sttc canh 31 NGHIEN ctiu CHiNH TRI -XA HOI tranh vft cie hdng hda - dich vu nhip ngoai, gop phin vdo phil triln nganh cdng nghidp van bda dfic lip, tu chu, khang djnh chu quyen qu6c gia trdn phucmg didn van hda, bao vd ban sic van hoa din tdc VI viy, n^idn cttu thuc trang se gop phin cung cip co so khoa hgc cho co ciu lai Iinh vuc cdng nghidp van hda vdn dang lung tung fun hudng di, khfing ngttng ning cao sttc canh iranh hfli niiap sttc ddng gdp eho tang trucmg kinh te va xiy dung nin van hda Vidt Nam tidn tid'n, giau ban sic din tfic Ve mat chinh sach: Viec nghien ciru cong nghiep van hda d Viet Nam se la eo hoi soat lai cac chfnh sach hien co, tim kiem co sd khoa hgc eho sua ddi, bti sung, hoan thien chfnh sach phat trien cdng nghiep van hda Mdt la, trill ly cho chinh sach phdt triln cfing nghidp vin hoa b Vidt Nam vin cdn la dilm Ittng tttng, nhdt la mau thudn gitta trilt ly vi ngudi hay trilt ly kinh doanh van hda Khi ehua nhan thttc vd giai quyd't dugc mfii quan he g i ^ boat dfing kinh doanh van hda vft muc dfch phuc vu nguft, gifla phdt triln cac gia tri van hda vft tun dflng luc cho phdt triln van hda ttt cac tfn hidu va quy luit eua thi trudng thi se ddn din nhung miu thudn hoach djnh chfnh sich Do viy, nghidn cttu ve chfnh sich phit triln cfing nghidp vin hda va thuc trang phdt triln cac ngdnh cdng nghiep van hda duft tic dfing cua chfnh sdch se cung cip thdm ett !idu cho vide hoach djnb chfnh sdch phdt triln cfing nghidp vin hda nudc la Day la dilm tua cho su hinh cac quan dilm ddt phi vdo cic "nut ed chai" dang giy tic qua trinh phdt triln vin hda d nudc ta Uxmg dilu kidn kinh Id' thj trudng vd hdi nhip qudc te Giai toa dugc nhiing miu thuin, Iting tiing vl quan ftim nbin thttc se lao CO sd cbo siia ddi bd sung va hoan thidn cac vin ban quy pham phip luit, cdc chinh sich quan ly va phil triln cdng nghidp van hda Hai Id nhiing ban chl, ylu kem cua cdng nghidp van hda nude ta hidn cd nhieu nguydn nhan ndm d he thdng thl chl, chfnh sicb thilu ddng bd, lac hau so vft thuc tidn Vi viy, soil nhiing van ban da lac hau de xda bo, nhttng van ban cdn thidu sdt dl sua chtta, nhiing tinh hudng mft xudt hidn cdn thieu vin ban phip luit dilu chinh cdn phai ban hanh mdi da va dang trd ydu ciu cip bdch ciia quan ly phat triln cflng nghidp van hda Trong dd cd rit nhilu 32 chinh saeh phai nhanh chdng dugc hodn thidn, trudc nhit la co chl tu chu cua cic don vj su nghidp van hda cdng lap vft xdc djnh vai trd vd gift ban cua Nha nude nhu thl nao trdn ca ba mat can thidp chinh sich, id chttc cung ttng vi chi tra phf; phin loai cic dem vi tu chii tii chfnh toan phin, tu chii mfit phdn va Nhd nude chu cip todn bfi nhu thl ndo cho hgp IJ; Nhd nudc hfi trg cho doanh nghidp tu nbin kinh doanh trdn ITnh vuc van hoa bdng quy dinh cu thl nhu thl ndo, nhi't la ve mil bing ddt dai, cO hfii tiep can vdn b ngan hdng vd ttt ddu tu cua Nhi nudc dao tao ngudn nhin luc, chuyin giao cfing nghd, tham gia cdc du an stt dung ngudn tdi chinh cfing; bao vd quyin sd hiiu sang tao bing co chd' vd phuang thttc ndo?; hgp tae qud'c t l vl phit triln cfing nghidp van hda nbu the nio cbo hidu qua Hing loat nhihig viii de dd cin mot hd thd'ng chfnh sicb ddng bg va hidn dai Diy la mgt cdng vide ning nl, cd mat khdng dugc chim trd, cd mit phai tid'n hanh iiu ddi mang tmh tidm tiln Nghidn cttu vl cdng nghidp van hda d Vidt Nam se la CO hdi ddng gdp vdo qua trinh tdng kit, phan tfch chfnh sdch vd ggi md hudng sua ddi, bd sung, hoin thidn chfnh sich Ba Id, quan ly cflng nghidp vin hoa b nudc ta dang bfic lg nhilu ylu kem d tat ca cdc khiu: San xudt, phin phdi va tidu dung Day Id nguydn nbin rdt co ban ldm cho tic dflng tidu cue ciia cflng nghidp van hda dfii vft xa hdi chua dugc ngin chin, ban chl, tham chf ngdy cang diin biln phttc lap Dd Id thieu hd thflng kilm dinh chdt lugng dl ttt khiu san xudt da lao dugc nhiing san phdm khflng chi theo tih hidu thi trudng, nhu ciu lieu dung cua xa hdi, ma cO ban hon la phai cd tfnh dinh hudng vl mat gia tri Khiu phan phdi va nhip khdu hdng hda - djch vu van hda bdc id nhilu nhuge dilm, thim chf budng long, din tft nhidu hang hda - djch vu kem chit lugng, thim chi ddc hai, vin xim nhap tran lan, tic ddng xdu dd'n xa hfii Dinh hudng lidu diing hing bda - dich vu cfing nghidp vin hda dft vft xa hfii, nhdl Id vdi thd' hfi tre chua dugc quan lim, thid'u cic chfnh sdch dai ngfi va cdng cu cin thilt dd'i vft nhttng nguft lam cfing tic ndy Nhilu vi pham kinh doanh van hda chua dugc xtt ly nghidm tuc, vl thilu khung phap luit cdn thill Tliuc tidn dang hdi thttc phai sdm hoan thidn bd thdng luit phap, (.xem nep trang 39) TAP CHI G l A o D y e L* LUAN - SO 234 (9/2015jj ... giua cic khiu quan ly, td chttc cung dng hang hda - djch vu vd chi tra phf Trong mdi khiu dd, diu la trach nhidm Nhi nude, diu la trach nhidm xa hfii, diu li trich nhidm hidp quan - hgp tie cfing... thuc tiln rat hue xue, dugc hui thuc bft may ly sau: Mot Id, gdn 30 nam ddi mdi, md hlnh quan ly phat uiin van hda nudc ta cdn nhilu lung tttng, dtt quan dilm xay dung nen van hda Vidt Nam tidn... cttu vd vih de cfing nghidp van hod b Vidt Nam vft nhttng chieu canh dan xen cua nd la co hfii dl gidi khoa hgc cung hgp ldc nghidn cttu, chia se trach nhiem dl tim mdt quan nidm thdng nhit dfi''i