Cac nhan to anh hu'dng den dong lire lam viec cua ngu'di Iao doiig tai VNPT Long An LE QGANG HGNG' TRCfdNG VIET NAM" Tom tat Hien Men tugng dl chuyin Iao dgng tff nhttng ca quan nhd nudc ldm cho doanh nghiep ben ngodi vd Iao ddng ttt doanh nghiep nttde sang ldm cho cdc doanh nghiep nudc ngodi ngdy cdng tdng, ldm thieu hiit ngudn Iao dgng chdt lugng cao cho khd'i doanh nghiep nhd nudc Do do, viec tgo ddng Ittc ldm viec cho ngttdi Iao ddng Id vai trd quan trgng tgi cdc doanh nghidp Kit qud nghien cttu ciio thdy, dgng Ittc ldm viec cua nhdn vien VNPT Long An bj tdc dgng bdi nhdn td: Ddo tgo vd phdt triin, Quan he ddng nghiep, Phong cdch Idnh dgo, Sff tff ch& cong viec, Mdi trudng vd diiu kien ldm viec, Thu nhap, Chinh sdch khen thudng vd cdng nhan, Phuc lgi Ttt nhttng kit Man rut ra, tdc gid di xudt mgt sdkiin nghj nhdm ndng cao ddng Ittc ldm viec cua nhdn vien VNPT Long An Ttt khoa: dgng luc ldm viec, nhdn vien, VNPT Long An, kiin nghj Sinnmary Nowadays, more and more state employees move to work for private businesses, and the same situation happens to employees of domestic companies transfering foreign ones, which makes many state companies lack high-qualified labours Therefore, the creation of working motivation among employees plays an Important role In almost all businesses The research shows that VNPT Long An employees' working motivation are influenced by factors including Education and Development, Colleague relationship, Leadership skills Self control In working Working condition and environment Salary, Awards and Acknowledgement policy Welfare On this basis, the author recommend some petitions for Improving VNPT Long An employees' working motivation Keywords: working motivation, employees, VNPT Long An, petitions GlCfl THIEU cof s d LY THUYET VA PHlTOfNG PHAP NGHIEN ClfU Van de tao ddng Iffc cho ngtfdi Iao dpng la mdt nhttng npi dung quan trpng cua cdng tac quan tri nhan stt doanh nghiep, no thuc da'y hp hang say lam vide nang cao nang sua't Iao dpng Ddi vdi VNPT chi nhanh Loiig An, vide tao ddng Iffc cho ngffdi Iao ddng se thuc day sff phat trie'n cua doanh nghiep Bai vid't phan tich cac nhan td tac ddng de'n ddng Iffc lam vide cua ngffdi Iao ddng tai VNPT Long An Trdn cd sd do, tac gia de xua't mdt sdkien nghi giup nang cao ddng Iffc lam viec cho ngtfdi Iao ddng, de hp hang say lam viec cd hieu qua va nang sua't cao ''' -''•' "-'"• ••"" 38 '"• - • ' •"''! ''•"•• '" • •'•-' ''"'" " ''''': •" • i"!i / ' i ^ ' Casdly thuyet Ddng Iffc lam vide gan vdi cdng vide va td chffc, ma lip lam vide Theo Kenneth S Kovach (1987), 10 yd'u td ddng vien nhan vien gdm: (1) Cdng viec thu vi, (2) Dffdc edng nhan day du cdng vide da lam, (3) Sff ttf chu cdng vide, (4) Cdng vide d'n dinh, (5) Lffdng cao, (6) Sff thang tid'n va phat trien nghi nghidp, ("7) Dieu kien lam vide tdt, (8) iI[;T.:ii! - quanghungfS.pUhcrn.er;i.j.'/ri '•• : ,(, -"i.icl '-• '_, ' l / i : ' z i Kmh te va Dir b Sff gan bd cua cap trdn vdi nhan vidn, (9) Xtt ly ky luat kheo leo, td' nhi, (10) Sff giup dd cua ca'p trdn dd' giai quye't nhttng van de ca nhan Siinons va Enz (1995) stt dung 10 ye'u td dpng vien nhan vidn cua Kenneth S.Kovach de khao sat thttc trang va dieu tra cac nhan to anh httdng deflmra nhttng sff khac bidt gitta ddng Iffc cua nhan vidn khach san vdi nhan vien lam cac nganh cdng nghidp khac Nguydn Ngpe Lan Vy (2010) thffc hidn de tai nghien cttu nhara danh gia mtte dp quan trpng cua cac ye'u td dpng vidn nhan vien trdn dia ban TP Hd Chi Minh Yd'u to "Thttdng hidu va van hda cdng ty" dffdc bd sung vao phan thang ve ddng ltfc lara vide Le Quang Hung va cac vien (2014) qua nghidn cttu cho rang, ngoai nhttng nhan to dpng vidn, nhan td "thttdng hidu" cung anh htfdng rat Idn dd'n ddng ltfc lara vide cua nhan vidn trtfdng dai hpc Kd' thtta cac nghien cttu trtfdc, nhdm tac gia de xua't mdtradhinh trtfdng hdp VNPT chi nhanh Long An, bao gdm nhan to anh htfdng trtfc tid'p: Thu nhap, Phuc ldi, Quan he ddng nghidp, Sff tff chu cdng vide, Dao tao va phat trien, Mdi tiffdng va dieu kidn lam vide, Chinh sach khen thffdng va cdng nhan, Phong each lanh dao Md hinh nghien cffu de xua't nhff Hinh PhffOngphdp nghien cffu Phffdng phap nghidn cffu dinh lffdng dffdc tid'n hanh thdng qua phdng van trffc tid'p nhan vien dang lam viec tai VNPT Long An Thdi gian tid'n hanh phdng van tttngay 01/08/2015 dd'n 30/09/2015 Nhdm nghien cttu va cdng tac vidn gap gd trffc tid'p 210 nhan vidn Tdng cdng cd 210 bang cau hdi khao sat phat ra, thu ve 210 bang, so bang c&u hdi khao sat khdng hdp Id la 10, cdn lai 200 bang phdng van hdp le dffdc dffa vao ma hda dtt hdu Ta't ca dtt lieu thu thap dtfdc xtt ly bang phan mdm SPSS 20 (Bdi viit sff d"ng cdch viit sd thdp phdn theo chudn qudc te) KET QUA NGHIEN ClfU He sd'tin cdy Cronbach's Alpha Kd't qua Itfdng thang phan deu dat ydu cau vdi he sd Cronbach's Alpha > 0.7 va eac bie'n quan sat thang phan deu cd ttfdng quan bid'n - tdng > 0.3 Do dd, cac bid'n quan Economy and Forecasl Review HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN CtlG CHJNH THtIC VE DONG LCTC LAM VIEC CUA NHAN VIEN TAI VNPT LONG AN BANG 1: K E T QGA DO LClCiNG HE SO CRONBACH'S ALPHA STT Thang nhSn tS' Thu nhap Phuc loi Quan he dong nghiep Su" ttr chu cong viec Dao tao va phat trien Moi trirSng va dieu kien lam viec Chinh sach khen thirdng va cong nhSn Phong each Ianh dao Dong lire lam viec H$ so' Cronbach's Alpha 0.854 0.823 0.881 0.798 0.885 0.832 0853 0.849 0.630 BANG 2: HE SO KMO VA KIEM DjNH BARLETT He so KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-OIkin) Mo hinh kiem tra cua Bartlett Gia tri Chi-Square BSc tir Sig (gia tri P - value) 0.818 3734.275 595 0.000 Nguon: tinh toan ciis nhom tac gta sat cua thang deu dffdc gitt nguydn cho phan tich nhan td kham pha (EFA)tid'ptheo (Bang 1) Phdn tich nhdn td'EFA Phan tich EFA vdi phffdng phap rut trich Principal Components Analysis va phep quay Varimax Kd't qua phan tich EFA lan cud'i, nhff sau: - Kd't qua kiem dinh Barlett cho tha'y, gitta cac bie'n tdng the' cd md'i tffdng quan vdi (sig = 0.00 < 0.05, bac bd H„, nhan H,) Ddng thdi, he sd KMO = 0.818 > 0.5, chttng td phan tich nhan td de' nhdm cac bid'n lai vdi la thich hdp va dtt lieu phu hdp cho vide phan tich EFA (Bang 2) Kd't qua kid'm dinh Barlett cho tha'y, gitta cac bid'n tdng the cd mdi ttfdng quan vdi (sig = 0.00 < 0.05) Ddng thdi, he sd KMO = 0.818 > 0.5, chttng td phan tich nhan td'de nhdm cac bid'n lai vdi la thich hdp va dtt lieu phu hdp cho vide phan tich nhan to Cac nhan to deu cd gia tri Eigenvalues > 1, cd nhan td dtfdc ruttirichra ttt cac bid'n quan sat Phttdng sai trich la 67.201% > 50% la dat yeu cau Dieu cho tha'y nhan td rut ttich the hidn dffdc kha nang 39 giai thich dffdc 67.201% stf thay ddi cua bid'n phu thude ttong tdng the Sau lan thffc hidn phan tich EFA, kd't qua eac nhdm dtfdc gom lan cudi Nhdra (Dao tao va phattiie'n):cd bie'n quan sat la DTPT1,DTPT2, DTPT3, DTPT4, DTPT5; Nhdra (Quan he ddng nghidp): ed bid'n la QHDNl, QHDN2, QHbN3, QHDN4, QHDN5; Nhdm (Phong each lanh dao): cd bid'n quan sat la PCLDl, PCLD2, PCLD3, PCLb4, PCLD5; Nhdm (Sff bi ehit ttong cdng vide): cd bid'n la TCCVl, TCCV2, TCCV3, TCCV4, TCCV5; Nhdm (Mdi trffdng va dieu kidn lam vide): cd bid'n quan sat la MTDKl, MTDK2, MTDK3, MTDK5; Nhdm (Thu nhap): cd bid'n quan sat la: TNI, TN2, TN3, TN4; Nhdm (Chinh sach khen thffdng va cdng nhan): cd bid'n quan sat la KTCNl, KTCN2, KTCN3, KTCN4; Nhdm (Phuc ldi): cd bid'n quan sat la PL3, PL4, PL5 Ttt kd't qua phan tich EFA va Cronbach's Alpha nhff ttdn, md hinh nghien ciJu ly thuyd't chinh thttc dieu chinh cd nhan to' tac dpng dd'n dpng Iffe lam vide cua nhan vidn VNPT Long An Phdn tich md hinh hdi quy tuyen tinh da bien Phtfdng tnnh hdi quy tuyd'n tinh bieu didn md'i quan he gitta nhan td tac ddng (bid'n ddc lap) va ddng lrfc lam vide cua nhan vidn VNPT Long An (bie'n phu thupc) cd dang nhtf sau: Y = a^, + a|X, + a,X, + a,X, ,+ a.X^+a,Xj + a^Xj, + a,X,+ a,X^ " Hoac: Ddng ltfc lam vide cua nhan vidn VNPT Long An = a„ + a,* DTPT + a,* QHDN + a* PCLD + a^-* TCCV + a* MTLV + a^* TN + a* KTCN + a,* PL Nghidn cffu thffc hien chay hdi quy tuye'n tinh da bid'n vdi phffdng phap dffa vao mdt Iffdt (phffdng phap Enter), dd bid'n phu thuoc (Y) va cac bid'n ddc lap (DTPT, QHDN, PCLD, TCCV, MTLV, TN, KTCN, PL) Kd't qua Bang cho tha'y, gia tii he sd R- la 0.781, nghia la md hinh hdi quy myen tmh da xay dtfng phu hdp vdi dtt hdu 78.1% Ndi each khac, 78.1% ddng Iffc lam vide nhan vidn VNPT Long An la md hinh hdi quy giai thick Cac phan cdn lai la sai sd va cac nhan td khac Kiem dinh Durbin Watson = 1.826 khoang [ < D < 3] ndn khdng cd hidn tffdng tffdng quan ciia cac phan dtf Kiem dinh sff phu hdp cua md hinh hdi quy da bie'n, nhan tha'y gia trj Sig ra't nhd (< 0.05) Dieu cd y' nghia la cac bid'n ddc lap md hinh cd ttfdng quan taye'n tinh vdi bie'n phu thude, tffc la sff kd't hdp cua eac bid'n ddc lap cd the giai thich dffdc sff thay dd'i cua bid'n phu thupe ^ ' "^t Km ^^ fa/2 '^^^ cac bie'n de' dd tin cay thi cac bie'n ddc lap TN, PL, QHDN TCCV DTPT MTKD, KTCN, PCLD ddu dat yeu clii t >t = 1.97 (nhd nha't la 2.979) va cac gia tri mtte y°'nghia ddu the hidn dp tin cay kha cao Sig < 0.05 Ngoai ra, he 40 sd' VIF cua cac he sd Beta deu nho hdn 10 (Idn nha't la 1.805) va he sd'Tolerance deu > 0.5 (nhd nha't la 0.554) cho thay khdng cd hien tffdng da edng tuyd'n xay (Bang 4) Nhff vay, ca nhan td: TN, PL, QHDN, TCCV, DTPT, MTKD, KTCN, PCLD deu cd anh hffdng ty Id thuan dd'n dpng Iffc lam vide cua nhan vidn VNPT Long An Trong nhan td thi cd DTPT, KTCN, TN, MTDK la nhan toco sff anh hffdng dang ke dd'n ddng Iffc lam vide cua nhan vidn VNPT Long An Nhan to DTPT la quan ttpng nha't ttong md hinh hdi quy vi cd he so' bd-ta chuan hda Idn nha't la 0.259, tiitt ttr tie'p theo la KTCN, TN, MTDK KET LUAN VA KIEN NGIII Kd't qua nghidn ctJu cho tha'y, cac nhan td' anh httdng dd'n dpng Ittc cua nhan vien VNPT quan ttpng nhai't la Dao tao va phat tridn, tid'p dd'n la chinh sach Khen thttdng va cong nhan, Thu nhap la yd'u to' anh httdng thtt ba, tid'p theo la Mdi trffdng va dieu kidn lam vide; Phuc ldi; Tff chu cdng vide; Quan he ddng nghiep Vi vay de nang cao ddng Iffc lam viec cua nhan vidn, theo nhdm tac gia, VNPT Long An can thffc hidn cac giai phap sau: Mdt Id, dd'i vdi nhdm dao tao va phat trien, VNPT Long An can cd nhieu hinh thttc: dao tao tap trung, ban thdi gian hay dao tao ttt xa, cung nhff doanh nghidp tao thdm dieu kidn ho ttd ve tai chinh, thdi gian de nhan vidn hpc tap Tid'p theo, tao cd hpi cho nhan vidn phat trien ca nhan, tang dia vi, uy tin cung nhff quyen life cua hp Chinh sach ve sff thangtid'ncd y nghia ttong vide hoan thidn ca nhan, tang ddng Iffc lam vide cho ca nhan, ddng thdi la cd sd de thu hut, gitt chan ngffdi gioi dd'n va lam viec vdi td chttc Hai Id, ve chinh sach khen thttdng va cdng nhan, can khen thffdng va cdng nhan tich cua ngffdi lam vide xua't sac khdng chl mang tinh chat ddng vidn, danh gia ca nh^n ve vat chat va tinh than, ma cdn khuye'n khieh cae ca nhan khac cd gang noi theo tam gffdng cua nhttng ca nhan cdng de hoan thidn ban than Ba Id, VNPT Long An can cd ke hoach de tang doanh thu, nham tang quy tien lffdng, nang cao thu nhap cho ngffdi Iao dpng Vi tien lffdng la md'i quan tam hang dau va la yd'u to trt dpng Iffc lam viec cua ngffdi Iao ddng ttong bat ctt td chttc nao Bdn canh dd, xay dffng mdt phffdng phap phan chia thu tihap cho ngffdi Iao dpng khoa hpe, hdp ly, iam ddn bay kich thich nang sua't va hidu qua Iao dpng Bd'n Id, VNPT Long An ndn tao thi dua ttong npi bd gan vdi phan phd'i lffdng, lam td't thi hffdng Itfdng cao va ngtfdc lai cung nhtf can cd phtfdng an bd tri day du cdng cu phtfdng tidn lam vide cho ngtfdi Iao dpng Ndm Id, hoan thien che dp phuc ldi Thffc te', VNPT Long An hang nam chi td chttc tham quan nghi mat cho nhan vidn d cac dia did'm lan can tinh Long An Thdi gian tdi, VNPT Long An can xay dttng quy che tham quan du lich kd't hdp giao Ittu hpc tap, dinh hffdng cho nhttng ehuydn du lich xa d nffdc hoac nffdc ngoai Sdu la, phan quyen cho nhan vidn trf chu cdng vide VNPT Long An can xay dffng tidu chi rd rang dd' danh gia nhan vidn, cung nhff gan viec danh gia nang Iffc nhan vidn vdi phan phd'i thu nhap cho hp va tie'p tuc cd cd chd' khen thffdng thich hdp hdn nham khuye'n khich nhan vidn thffc hidn sang kie'n, cai tie'n ky thuat hoat dpng san xua't, kinh doanh Bdy Id, VNPT Long An can td chttc lam vide nhdm each thoai mai, than thien, khdng cd ap Iffc tam ly cang thang dd tang ddng Iffc lara viec Dong thdi, can tim each giai quyet cac mau thuan va sff canh tranh gitta cac nhan vien, tranh tao cho nhan vidn cd cam giac ludn phai canh giac vdi chinh cac ddng nghiep cua minh, tao sff hdp tac phdi hdp cdng vide BANG 4: DANH GlA MtlC DO PH(J HOP CCIA MO HJNH H I Q U Y TGYEN TINH DA BIEN THONG SO MO HINH He sd Thong ke thay ddi Mo He so He so He so Sai so' Durbinhmh R R= R- - hieu chuan He sd He s6' He sd Bac Bac Watson chinh ciia trdc R-sau Sig F _ Fkhi til tir ItfOng doi sau ddi ddi 1.826 0.000 191 0.884" 0.781 0.771 0.24935 0.781 84.937 Bien doc lap: TN, PL, QHDN, TCCV, DTPT, MTKD, KTCN, PCLD Bie'n phu thuoc: DLLV BANG : CAC THONG SO THONG KE TRONG MO HINH H I QQY BANG PHCfONG P H A P ENTER Thd'ng k6 t H$ so'chi/a H^ sd Sig da cOng tuyd'n chu^n hoa chuS^n hoa H§ sd'Tolerance He sa'viF B Sai so' chuan Beta (Hang sd) -0.944 -5.274 000 0.179 1.405 0.712 TN 0.042 0.241 5.999 0.000 0.250 1.496 0.668 PL 0.134 0.030 0.185 4.473 0.000 1.441 0.694 QHDN 0.107 0.034 0.127 3.120 0.002 1.344 0.744 TCCV O.IU 0.027 0.159 4.043 0.000 0.554 1.805 DTPT 0.219 0.038 0259 5.695 0.000 1.330 0.752 MTDK 0.131 0.025 0.206 5.263 0.000 0.640 1.562 KTCN 0.185 0.032 0.243 5.736 0.000 0.673 1.485 PCLD 0.087 0.029 0.123 2.979 0.003 a Bien phu thuoc: DLLV Mo hinh Ngisor.: tinh toan LCii nhrjiri i-K