U>fG XU" CUA HO GIA DINH TRONG TIEU DUNG THIT LON TAI TINH HU>JG YEN Nguyin Thi Dirong Nga Khoa Kinh ti vd Phdt triin ndng thdn, Hgc viin Ndng nghiep Viet Nam Email; ngantd@gmaU.com Ngaynhan: 12/6/2016 Ngay nhan ban sua: 15/7/2016 Ngay duyet dang: 25/7/2016 Tdm tat: Chdn nudi Ign mang lgi sinh ke cho han trieu hp ndng ddn, do hiiu biit ve img xit tieu dimg thit Ign rat quan trgng ndng cdp chudi gid tri thit Ign a Viit Nam Nghien cim dugc thuc Men v&i sd lieu diiu tra 208 hp gia dinh tgi tinh Hung Yen Binh qudn mdi nguai tiiu dimg khodng 26 kg thit Ign/ndm, sa thich chung Id dn thit tuai, cd ngudn gdc tit Ign khde mgnh, vd phdn itng mgnh nhdt thay ddi chdt lugng thit Ign It han 1% nguai tiiu ditng tin tudng rdng thit Ign trin thi truang an todn cho site khde, cho thdy chudi gid tri thit Ign hiin nay, dgc biit cdc kenh phdn phdi Men dgi vdn chua cd dugc niim tin cua nguai tieu diing Trong bdi cdnh hpi nhap kinh te, cdn cd nhitng gidi phdp nhdm cdi thien chudi gid tri thit Ign cho cdc hp ndng ddn nhd nhdm cgnh tranh vai thit nhgp khdu Mpt sd hdm y vi mat chinh sdch dugc di xudt, tap trung vdo sdn xudt vd gidi phdp cita chinh phii ngdn hgn Tir khoa: Chudi gia trj, tieu dfag thjt Ign, hd ndng dfa nhd Household behavior in pork consumption in Hung Yen province Abstract: Pig farming provides livelihood for more than million rural smallholders in Vietnam Understanding pork consumption behavior is thus important for the improvement of the pork value chain in Vietnam A study was conducted with 208 households in Hung Yen The results showed that annual per capita pork consumption was about 26kg Consumers prefered fresh meat from healthy pigs, and reacted quite strongly with pork quality Less than I % of respondents believed that pork sold in market was safe, which implied that the pork value chain, particularly the formal/modern retailing sector, has not yet gained consumer trust In the context of economic integration, the pork value chain must be improved so that the smallholders could be competitive against cheap imported pork Several implications were provided, focusing on both production organization and macro policy in short run Keywords: Value chain, pork consumption, smallholders Dat v i n dg thit Ign sfa xuat nude dugc cung elp bdi cac Thjt Ign la thyc phim cd ngudn gdc ta ddng vat , A, jx- - u - - »• u , r ~ XT quan nhat dot vol bua an gia difa Viet Nam, ^ • „ , X ,,x , , , , chiem xap xi 3/4 tong khoi lugng thit tieu thu (Nguyen & cdng sy, 2013) Theo Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn (2014), khofag 60% lugng Sd 229(11) thdng 7/2016 '^^ chfa nudi fad, udc tifa khofag 4,3 trieu bd vao nam 2011 (General Statistic Ofifice of Vietnam / , , , vicmam, 2012), chiem gan 50% tong so bd ndng dan Trong ^6, cafa Viet Nam dang gia tfag hdi faap vdi tbi gi(M ya khu vyc fau hifa nay, ngafa chfa nudi ndi chung va chfa nudi Ign ndi rifag dang va se gap 29 Bfag 1: Thong tin chung ve ho gia dinh dilu tra tai tinh Hung Yen Ndng thdn Thfah thj Chung Chi tieu 74,5 79,7 71,6 Ty le chil hd la nam gidi (%) 50,6 49,1 51,4 Tudi BQ (nam) Trinh dp hpc vin (%) 79,32 60,82 89,55 cip va thap hon 19,71 36,49 10,45 Cao dang va dai hpc 3,7 3,7 3,7 Sd nhan khau/hd 27,9 35,1 23,9 % hd CO tre em dudi tudi 37,0 36,5 37,3 % hp cd ngudi gia 27,6 35,2 23,6 Thu faap binh quan/ nam/khau (tr d) 21,3 16,2 13,6 Chi tieu cho thyc phim/nam/khiu (fr.d) Ngudn: tinh todn titsd lieu dieu tra hp (ILRI, 2013) Phuong phap phfa tich dugc sir dyng la thdng ke md ta va thdng ke so safa, cd su dyng kilm djnh t-test cho sd trung binh fafag khd khfa dfag ke, dac biet kbi thu faap ngudi tieu dfag dang tfag len va hp cfag khat khe hon ve tieu chuin ve sinh an tofa thue pham Nghien cfa hafa vi, fag xu cda ngudi tieu diing ddi vdi thjt Ign cd y nghia ddi vdi viec td chfa va nfag cap boat ddng ciia chuoi giatejthjt Ign, va sy tdn tai ciia boat ddng ddi vdi eac hd chfa nudi, dac biet la chfa nudi nhd Kit qua nghien ciiu 3.1 Hdnh vi vd ung xu- cua hd tieu dung thit lan 3.1.1 Thdng tin chung ve hp gia dinh Chil bd gia difa hfa bet la nam gidi (khofag 3/4 sd bg), vdi tadi binh quan la gan 51 (Bfag I), teinh hgc vfa cua cac chd hd thfah thj dufag fau cao ban d khu vuc ndng thdn vdi teen 1/3 sd chu hd co trinh cao dfag va dai hgc Thu nhap bifa quan hfag nam cua mdt ngudi khofag 27,6 trieu VND/ nam, thu nhap ciia khu vyc ndng thdn thap ban cua thafa thj (Bfag 1) Myc tieu ciia bai viet bao gdm: i) lam rd hafa vi fag xir cua hd gia dinb tieu dung thit Ign; va ii) Khai quat hda chudi gia trj thjt Ign eiia cac hd chan nudi nhd tai tinh Hung Yfa va nit mpt sd ham y ve mat chinh sach faam td chiic tdt bon chudi gia tej thjt Ign cho cac hd chan nudi fad nham dap fag nhu cfa ngudi tieu dfag Hung Yfa la dia bfa dugc chpn vi day la mdt teong fafag tinh cd tdc dp dd thi hda va cdng nghiep hda kha cao, da dang cac loai hinb hd ndng thdn va thafa thi Phu-ffng phap nghien ciru 3.1.2 Tiiu ditng thit Ign Thjt Ign la loai thyc phfai phd bien dugc tieu dfag bdi hfa bet cac tea todi va gidi tifa khac faau Gan Nghifa cfa dugc dya tren ly thuylt hfah vi fau tofa bd ngudi tieu dfag (nam va nfl-) d dptodilao ciia ngudi tieu dung LTng xir cua ngudi tieu dimg ddng va tee tefa todi diu fa thit Ign Thjt nac la loai lua chgn hfag hda phu thudc vfa nhilu ylu td, thit dugc tieu dfag phd biln fait teong eac loai thit teong dd cd nhan thirc ve lgi ich tieu dung (phy ddi vdi tee fad dudi todi (Bfag 2) Ddi vditeeteen thudc thj hilu, chat lupng va gia tej lgi ich cda sfa tadi va ngudi Ifa thi thjt bdn hgp (lin ca nac va md pham tieu dfag mang lai), thu nhap, gia ea bfag fau ba chi, vai), xuong, va thjt nac la cac loai thit dugc hda va hfag hda thay the, bd sung Sd Ueu dugc sir sd ddngtieudfag Chua tdi 1/2 sd ngudi tieu dfag ndi dung to cudc dieu tea eac tac nhan teong chudi gia tang cita Ign Thit che bien sin cfag it dugc tieu dfag tej thjt Ign ciia tinh Hung Yen nam 2013 ciia Vifa phd bien, tay faien cd the thay rd xu hufagteeteen5 Chfa nudi qudc tl (ILRI), bao gdm 208 hd gia dinb todi dang tieu dfag thit che bien, dac biet la xiic xich, d Hung Yen, teong dd cd 134 bd gia difa d ndng faieu ban Day cd the la xu thi thay ddi thdi quen tieu thdn va 74 hd gia dinh d thfah thi, 212 bd chfa nudi, dfag cua the beteehon 23 hd gilt md, 34 bd bfa le va thuang lai Phuong Tieu dfag thjt Ign dugc udc tifa bifa qufa khoang phap chpn miu nglu faifa theo ty le va dugc lya 2,2 kg/ngudi/thfag (Bfag 3), hay khofag 26,4 kg/ chpn tai eac khu vyc: thfah phd Hung Yen, buyfa nfai, va cd sy khac biet fad giila tieu dfag khu vyc Khoai Chau, huyen Vfa Giang, va huyfa Tien Lit ndng thdn va thfah thj Thit hdn hgp dugc sii dung Sd 229(11) thdng 7/2016 30 Bang 2: Tinh phd bien cua thit Iffn tieu dung thu-c phim ho gia dmh, theo tuoi va giol tinh (% nguoi tieu dung) Chung Thit nac Md Hdn hgp Xuong Thit che bien Ndi tang Tre dudi 92,6 72,2 7,4 44,4 70,4 22,2 35,2 tadi Tre teen Nam gidi Ngudi gia 96,1 98,9 61,0 69,7 70,0 10,4 16,3 15,0 68,8 75,8 76,3 76,1 80,5 78,7 77,3 78,9 33,8 38,8 52,6 41,1 37,7 44,4 46,4 46,7 Ngudn: tinh todn tit sd lieu diiu tra hd (ILRI, 2013) 98,0 71,1 16,5 nhieu faat, bifa qufa gin I kg/ngudi/thfag, tilp la thjt nac (khofag 0,6 kg) va xuong (0,41 kg) Thjt che bifa dugc tieu dfag vdi khdi lugng thip fait, gin 0,lkg/ngudi/thfag Nhin chung, thdi quen tieu dfag cua ngudi dfa vfa thich thjt taoi hon Trung bifa mdi hd sii dyng gin 8kg thit Ign/thfag, chi tieu khofag 622.000 ddng (VND) /thfag va khdng cd sy khac biet dfag ke gifta ndng thdn va thfah thj (Bfag 3) tadi Phu nir 99,4 gia dinb thufag xuyfa mua thjt vao budi sfag vdi ly day la thdi dilm thit taoi nhat teong Khi lya chgn noi mua thjt, ngudi tieu dfag quan tam faifa faat tdi cfa hfag cd thdi gian bao qufa thit tool tai quay thap faat, hay ndi theo each khac la thufag xuyen cd thjt taoi nhat (khofag 1/3 sd y kien - Bfag 5) Dieu khfag djnb tam ly thich fa thit taoi cua hd gia difa Viet Nam Ngudi tieu dfag chgn nod mua thjt chu yeu dya vao niem tin ddi vdi chti quay hfag va mdi quan he vdi chu quay hfag (gfa 1/3 sd y kifa) Nhin chung, cac bd gia difa thafa thj quan tam tdi cae tieu chi lya chpn quay hfag thjt bon la eac hd gia dinh ndng thdn, tru tifa Thjt Ign dugc bfa phd bifa va ngudi tieu dfag cd the tim mua dugc ta 1-5 noi xung quanh nai d cua hg vdi khofag each trung bifa tdi noi mua gfa faat la 0,5 km Nai mua thjt thufag xuyen faat ciia cac hd la chg truyen thdng (Bfag 4) Khofag 98% hd Bang 3: Tieu diing thit Ion hang thang ciia ho gia dinh dieu tra tai tinh Himg Yen, nam 2012 Ndng thdn Thafa thi Chung Khac biet Chi tieu Tdng khdi lugng thit Ign tieu dfag,/ngudi/thang (kg) 2,17 2,19 2,18 -0,02** 0,53 Thit nac (kg) 0,77 0,62 -0,24" 0,10 0,07 0,09 Md (kg) 0,03"' 0,94 Thjt hdn hgp (kg) 0,72 0,86 0,22"' 0,42 0,40 Xuong (kg) 0,41 0,02°' Thit che bien (kg) 0,07 0,10 0,08 -0,03 °' Ndi tang (kg) 0,11 0,13 0,12 -0,02 Tdng lugng thjt tieu dtog/hp/thang (kg) 7,84 7,61 7,77 0,23"' Tdng chi tieu cua hp cho thjt Ign/thang (1000 VND) 627,5^ 609,0: 621,8f 18,56 "^ Chi tieu cho thit Ign teong tdng tieu dfag cho thuc pham (%) 16,2 10,0 13,3 Ngudn: tinh todn titsd lieu dieu tra hp, ILRI, 2013 Ghi chii: *, **, *** cdy nghia thdng ke a miic 10%, 5%, vd %, tuang img Bang 4: Noi va thdi gian mua thit thudng xuyen nhit cua ho gia dinh (% ho) Chi tieu Ndng thdn Thafa Thi Chung Mua thit tai chg tmyen thdng 100,0 100,0 100,0 Mua thit tai sieu thj, cira hang thuc pham 0,0 0,0 0,0 Mua thit vao budi sang 100,0 93,2 97,6 Mua thit vao budi chieu 0,0 6,8 2,4 Ngudn: tinh todn titsd lieu diiu tra hd (ILRI, 2013) Sd 229(11) thdng 7/2016 31 Bang 5: Cac tieu chuJn duffc ngucri tieu dimg coi Va rit quan mua thit (% hS) ; ' XTA^rr fViAn TViQnti tVii rVllin Chung Thfah thi Ndng thdn Tieu chuan Lya chpn cua hang 32,2 55,4 19,4 Thdi gian thjt dugc ban tai quiy 18,3 24,3 14,9 Su tin tafag vao chii quiy hang/ngudn hang 13,0 10,8 14,2 Mdi quan he ca nhan vdi ngudi ban hang 6,7 6,8 6,7 Giaca 3,8 9,5 0,7 Mirc dp tiep can 3,4 4,1 3,0 Bao gdi 1,2 1,4 0,7 Dugc mua tra tien sau Lua chpn thit 67,8 81,1 60,4 Be mat thjt (mfa thd thjt ) 60,6 71,6 54,5 Khdng cd befa 60,1 77,0 50,7 Mill 55,8 67,6 49,3 Khdng bi bfa 24 41,9 14,2 Gia tri dinh duong 24 40,5 14,9 Ham lugng nude Ngudn: tinh todn titsd lieu dieu tra hp (ILRI, 2013) ^ chi chgn ngudi bfa cd mdi quan he ca nhfa dac dilm ngudi bfa hfag d chg ndng thdn thufag ed mdi quan he hg hfag, ban be vdi ngudi mua nhieu ban d thfah thj Gia ea, hinh tbfa bao gdi deu cd ve it quan trgng vdi cac hd tieu dfag faimg cd the thay cac hd thafa thj dat tieu chi mfa dp tiep cfa vdi quiy hfag thit cao hon faifa so vdi ndng thdn, the hien xu hufag tieu dfag thfah thj coi tegng hon su thufa tien mua thit Kbi lya chgn thjt de mua, khofag 2/3 sd hd dac biet quan tam nhieu nhat tdi cac dac tinh eua thjt fau b l mat thit (Bfag 5) Chu yeu hg quan sat mfa thjt cd taoi khdng, md (neu cd) cd mfa tefag hay vfag due, deo ciia mieng thjt, cae dfa bieu bat thufag neu cd Ben canh dd, ngudi tieu dfag cdn kiem tea mill thjt cd dfa hieu di hay khac thufag khdng Tren thyc te, gan nhu tat ca ngudi tieu dfag deu quan tam tdi viec thjt Ign mua cd failm bfah hay khdng, toy nhien day la tieu chi gin nhu khdng quan sat dugc nen cfag khdng thi fafa biet lya chgn thjt Gan 2/3 sd ngudi tieu dfag dat tieu chi "Ign khdng bi befa" mua thit Ign (Bfag 5) Nhin chung, ngudi tieu dfag thfah thj quan tam failu hon cac hd gia dinh ndng thdn kbi lya chgn thjt de mua Dufag fau mfa thay the cua cac sfa pham thit khac ddi vdi thit Ign khdng cao Kbi gia cua cae san pham thay the giam, chi cd khofag 6% hp chuyen sang tieu dfag loai thjt khac va giam thjt Ign (Bang 6) Mac dil vay, gia sfa pham thay the giam, cung chi khofag 7% sd bd mua them thjt Dieu cd the cho thay mfa tifa dfag thjt Ign cua eac hp gia difa cd the da gfa dfa mfa bao hda (vdi dieu kien cac yeu td khac khdng thay ddi) Chat lugng thjt Ign dufag nhu la yeu td quan Bang 6: iTng xu ciia ngudi tieu dung thit loti vdi thay ddi thu nhap, gia san phim thay thi, va chat luffng thit lo-n (% ho) Ung xit Ndng thdn Thfah thi Chung Mua nhieu hon Thu nhap tang 2,99 5,29 9,46 Gia cua cac san pham thay the tang 7,21 3,73 13,51 Chat lugng thjt tang 11,19 24,32 15,87 Dip Tit 32,21 38,06 21,62 Mua it ban Thu nhap giam 16,83 14,93 20,27 Gia cua cac san pham thay thi giam 5,77 9,46 3,73 Chat lugng thit giam 40,38 52,7 33,58 Ngudn: tinh todn tit sd lieu dieu tra hp (ILRI, 2013) Sd 229(11) thdng 7/2016 32 kinlitaJhiit trien Bang 7: tTng xu ciia ho gia dinh gia thit Iffn thay ddi Gia tang 10% Gia giam 10% Thafa Ndng Thfah Ndng thi Chung thdn thi thdn Chung 11,9 9,5 11,1 Mua thjt Ign nhilu hon (% hd) 13,5 17,8 20,2 Mua thjt Ign it hon (% hd) 0,7 1,0 0,9 Khdi lugng thay ddi (kg) 1,2 1,1 1,1 8,5 12,9 14,5 % khdi lugng thay ddi 14,7 12,2 13,9 82,4 76,4 73,1 Khdng thay ddi lugng mua (% hd) 82,8 82,2 81,1 5,8 6,7 4,1 Khac 5,2 6,7 9,5 Ngudn: tinh todn tit sd lieu dieu tra hp (ILRI, 2013) Hfah vi tegng nhat afa hufag tdi quyet djnh mua thjt cua hd Khi chat lugng thjt tfag, cd khofag 16% hd se cd xu h u f a g mua them thjt, nhung neu chat lugng thjt giam, khofag 40% hd cd xu hufag mua thjt it di Day la dieu dfag luu tam vi chat lugng thjt la y l u td khdng quan sat dugc, bdi vay niem tin ciia ngudi tieu dfag ddi vdi noi hg mua thit la rat quan tepng Trong dilu kifa bdi faap cac sfa pham thjt ngoai cd ngudn gdc, kiem djfa chit lugng rd rfag thi cd thi xuit bifa xu hufag thay the thjt Ign teong nude, vdn khdng dugc kiem soat ve sifa thii y va chit lugng mdt each chat che fau hifa Nhin chung, cac bg thafa thj phfa fag mafa hon cac bd ndng thdn, tru vfa djp Tet Trong mdt tinh hudng khac, dugc bdi gia thjt Ign thay ddi 10% tbi cac bp se thay ddi hfah vi fau thi nfa tieu dfag thjt Ign Da phin (teen 3/4) cho ring hg se khdng thay ddi mfa tieu dimg hifa tai (Bfag 7) Khoang 10% sd hg cho ring se tfag tieu dfag gia giam 10% va gin 20% sd bp se giam tieu dfag gia tfag Trong tinh hudng thi hd gia dinh ndng thdn phfa fag manh hon la bd thfah thj, cd le mdt phin thu faap cua bp thap hon Nilm tin cua ngudi tieu dfag vao chat lugng ve sinh an tofa thyc phim ddi vdi thjt Ign rat thap It hon 1% teong sd hd gia dinb tin ring thjt Ign hifa tren thi trufag dam bfa chat lugng ve sinh an tofa thyc phim (Bfag 8) Mae dii dfa kiem dinh ve sifa thii y dugc ap dung toy faien cfag khdng dugc ngudi tifa dfag dfah gia cao, chi cd khofag 1/5 sd hg hofa tofa tin tafag vfa dfa kiem djnh Trfa 95% hd tieu dfag sin Idng tea gia cao han cho thjt Ign dugc chfag fafa an tofa, vdi mfa chi tea cao ban khofag 20.000 VND/kg (Bang 8), ggi y CO hdi tfag them gia tei cho chudi Xu hufag tieu dfag thjt Ign ciia hd gia dinh cung dufag fau chfag lai, vdi trfa 95% sd bd cho rfag neu khdng cd gi thay ddi, bp se giu nguyen hoac giam tieu diing thit Ign thdi gian tdi (Bfag 8), cd the cho thiy ring muc tieu dfag thjt Ign dang dat mirc bao hda (trong dilu kifa cac yeu td khac khdng thay ddi) 3.2 Khdi qudt chudi gid tri thit Iffn & tinh Hung Yen vd cdc vdn di lien quan t&i hdnh vi tieu diing thit Iffn cua hd gia dinh 3.2.1 Khdi qudt chudi gid tri thit Ign a tinh Hung Yen Bang 8: Nilm tin va mirc san long chi tra cho thit Iffn an toan, va xu hudng tieu ddng thit Iffn ciia cac ho gia dinh Ndng Thanh Chung thdn thi Chi tieu Tin taong chat lugng thit (% hd) 0,7 0,0 0,5 Tin ring thjt Ign tren thi trufag hien an toan 17,6 23,9 21,6 Tin tafag hoan toan vao dau kiem djch 94,8 96,0 95,2 sin long chi tra cao hon cho thit Ign an toan (% hp) 23,1 20,6 22,2 Miic gia tra cao han (1000 VND/kg) Xu hufag tieu dfag thjt Ign thdi gian tdi (% hp) 51,2 63,4 55,6 Khong thay ddi 0,8 8,5 3,5 Tang 48,0 28,2 40,9 Giarri ^^_^ Ngudn: tinh todn tit sd lieu dieu tra hd (ILRI, 2013) Sd 229(11) thdng 7/2016 33 Vdi quan tam ddi ta'png hd chfa nudi nhd va vira nfa cac hd miu dilu tea cd quy md nudi it hon 50 con/toa Gin 2/3 sfa lugng Ign ban tryc tiep cho cac hd gilt md dja phuong va mot sd co sd giet md nhu tai Van Giang (Hifa 1), sd edn lai ban cho cac thuong lai, thu gom di cac tinh khac fau Qufag Ninh, Hai Phdng, Ha Ndi Hiu nhu tit ca cac hd bfa Ign cho thuang lai thu gom diu khdng bilt va khdng quan tam Ign ciia hg dugc tieu dung d thj trufag nao, vdi gia la bao nhieu Ndng dfa sfa xuat theo teuyln thdng va kifa nghiem, it quan tam tdi nhu ciu ngudi tieu dfag vl chit lugng va gia ca Trong thai gian tdi, nlu ndng dfa khdng sfa xuat theo dinh hufag thj trufag thi se gap khd khan Ifa canh trafa vdi sfa pham thit nhap khfa E.coli, S aureus, C perfringens vd Salmonella Da xuit hien cac md hifa chfa nudi Ign theo hufag thyc hfah ndng nghiep tdt (VietGAHP) tai mpt sd huyfa tai Hung Yen song viec chfag nhfa va teiiy xuit ngudn gdc sfa pham bfa fau chua the thuc hien sfa xuit ca the nhd le 3.2.3 Gid thdnh sdn xudt Hien tai, chfa nudi Ign cua Viet Nam dugc dfah gia la chi phi cao, nfag suit thip (MARD, 2014) Thdng ke cua Faostat (2015) cung cho thiy chi phi binh qufa sfa xuit mpt tin thit Ign hai cua eac nude hifa dang xuit khlu thjt Ign vfa Viet Nam thip ban gia thfah nude (theo sd lieu dilu tea bd ndng dfa xip xi 1.800 USD/tin vfa nam 2013), vi dy nhu Hoa Ky (I.4I5 USD), Dan Mach (1.394 3.2.2 An todn thucphdm vd truy xudt ngudn gdc USD), Canada (1.378 USD) Gia thfah cao chii ylu chi phi thiic fa Ifa (chilm tren 70% tdng chi phi) chudi Khi Ign dugc chuyin qua gilt md-bfa le hoac chuyin qua thuong lai tdi cac tifa khac tbi hfa nhu khdng cd kha nang truy nguyen ngudn gdc, ngudi tieu dfag hiu fau khdng biet ve ngudn gdc va chat lugng ve sinh an tofa thyc pham ciia thjt Ign hg mua Theo Cue Thii y (2011), ca nude ed khofag 15.537 CO sd gilt md Ion va diem giet md lan, chua tdi 50% dugc kilm soat giet md, cdn ddi taong hd gilt md nhd le thi hau nhu chua dugc kiem soat CUng theo Cue Thu y (2011),teongsd 462 miu thjt Ign thu thap (bfa het tai cac chg) nam 2010 thi gfa mdt nfa sd mfa thit Ign khdng dat tieu chufa ve sinh thii y, an tofa thyc pham, va ty le cd xu hufag tfag len, chil yeu la d nhiem vi sifa vat Coliforms, 3.2.4 Hdi nhgp cita Viet Nam vdo kinh te vitng vd thi gi&i Viet Nam da gia nhap WTO va ky kit cac thda thufa thuong mai ta cap cfag ASEAN Chan nudi ndi chung va chfa nudi Ign ndi rieng la cac ITnh vyc dugc dy bfa la chju thiet hai Trudc gia nhap WTO, thul suat nhap khfa thit Ign khoang 30%, dugc xudng cdn 15%i vfa nam 2012 Ngay nam 2008, thit nhap khau da gia tfag dot bien vdi kim ngach khofag 180 teieu USD, gap gfa hai Ifa nam trudc dd (Nguyen & cdng sy, 2013), gia thjt Ign nude giam da khien ngudi chfa nudi Ign chiu thiet hai nang ne (Nguyfa Thj Dugng Nga & cdng sy, 2011) Theo Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat Hinh 1: Sff dd chudi gia tri thit Iffn til- cac ho chan nuoi nhd, tinh Hirng Yen 44,72% 61,56% Giet md 51,35%-, Banle 100% 3.q:^%T^ Che bien 100% Chan nuoi (San xuit) Tieu diing Thu gom 37,47% Thu gom, 16 md ngoai tinh 0,97% Nguon: tinh todn titsd lieu diiu tra hp (ILRI, 2013) Sd 229(11) thdng 7/2016 34 Kinlityiiat trien ndng dan trien Ndng thdn (2015), teong nam thfag dfa nam 2015, ca nude da faap khiu 2.032 tin thit Ign, kim ngach dat gin teieu USD (tfag gin 47% v l lugng va 60% v l gia tej so vdi cfag ky nam 2014) Dac biet, nhap khiu thjt ta Cdng ddng chung Chau Au (EU) tfag khofag 70 lin teong giai doan 20I2-20I4 Nhap khfa thjt taoi ddng lanh ta EU vao Viet Nam dugc dy kiln se cdn tang manh mdi day, Viet Nam va EU da ky Hiep djnb Thuong mai Ty (FTA), gd bd b l u bet cac hfag rao thue quan thuong mai ve thyc pham, teong dd, thit Ign ddng lafa cd ngudn nhap khfa ta EU vfa Viet Nam dugc mien thue teong vdng ta - 10 nam tdi Kit luan va ham y chinh sach Nghien cfa trfa cho thiy thit Ign dugc hd gia dinh tieu dfag rit phd biln Da phfa ngudi tifa dfag thich su dung thjt hdn hgp ban, va it sir dung thjt chl biln, vdi bifa qufa mdt ngudi tifa dfag khofag 26 kg thit Ign/nam Ngudi tieu diing phfa fag it ban tieu diing thjt Ign hon kbi thu faap va gia ca thay ddi, faimg chit lugng thay ddi tbi cac phan fag mafa hon, dac biet chat lugng thit giam Nghifa cfa cilng cho thiy hifa tai niem tin cua ngudi tieu dfag ve chat lugng sfa pham thit Ign teen thj trufag thip vdi dudi 1% cho rfag thjt Ign tefa thj trufag an tofa Tdng quan chudi gia tri thjt Ign cung cho thay chi phi chfa nudi cao vdi xap xi 3,6 trieu VND/tIn thjt Ign hoi, vfa de qufa ly an tofa thyc phim cdn chua chat che, ngudi sfa xuat da phin theo truyen thdng, thdi quen ma chua dya tren nhu elu cua thi trufag Day la cac ly chu yeu gdp phfa lam giam sfa cafa tranh ciia cac hd chfa nudi nhd Vifa Nghifa c f a kinh te va chinb sach (2015) cfag dy bao rfag khu vyc chfa nudi se chiu thiet hai kbi gia faap TPP va cd kha nfag se bj thu hep lai va phiic Igi ngudi san xuat se giam Mac dii sd thich cua ngudi tieu dfag Viet Nam ddi vdi thjt Ign taoi cd the la mdt rfa cfa "ty nhien" cudc canh tearb vdi cfa sfa pham thit udp lafa hoac cap ddng (Lapar & cfag sy, 2012), hafa vi ngudi tieu diing se cd the thay ddi gia ciia sfa pham cd sy thay ddi Ifa N I U dilu xay vdi thit Ign, tbi hd chfa nudi se chiu thiet bai nang ne Viet Nam dat thda thufa hiep difa thuong mai xuyen Thai Binh Duong TPP Mdt sd ggi y ve mat chinh sach faam gdp phfa nfag cap chudi, tao niem tin ngudi tieu dfag va cai thifa sfa cafa teafa ciia sfa pham thjt Ign cho eac ndng hd fad fau sau: (i) cac bd chfa nudi nhd nfa thyc hfah VietGAHP va duoc td chfa thafa cac nhdrrfagp tac xa de de dfag hon cho chfag nhfa sfa pham; (ii) Cfag cd be thdng thdng tin thj trufag cho cac hd chfa nudi: dac biet la quy md thi trufag (cung, cfa, chat lugng), gia, de hg cd the phuc vu tdt bon cho ngudi tieu dfag, va (iii) Cd cac giai phap ba gia thafa chfa nudi va tfag chat lugng sfa pham chudi gia tej thjt Ign Trong ngfa ban, viec bfa ve ngafa thit nude qua cac cdng ey Nhu thi, ngudi tieu dfag cfag quan tam hon va sin Idng chi tra cho thjt Ign vdi chit lugng an tofa ban tbi td chfa chuoi gia tri thjt Ign bien vln chua cd kha nfag dap fag dugc fau ciu eua hg Dfag trudc hien teang ve niem tin cua ngudi tieu dfag vdi vfa de ve sinh an toan thyc phim, thdi quen ngudi tieu dfag, va cac nguy co ngfah thjt Ign c6 thi ddi mat qua trinh hdi faap, chudi gia tri thjt Ign cin dugc nang cip dl tfa dung cae dilm manh va co bdi, dap fag nhu cfa ngudi tieu dfag va mang lai thu faap dn djnb cho phi thue quan la cfa thiet va nen dugc chinh pbii xem xet Tai lieu tham khao Cue Thu y (2011), Bdo cdo hgp giao ban true tuyen ve thuc trgng he thdng giet md vd qudn ly giet md gia site, gia cdm Ha Noi FAOstat (2015), Producer prices of pig meat, retrieved on September, 8* 2015, from Lapar Ma Lucila, Nguyen Ngoc Toan, Steve Staal, Nick Minot, Clement Tisdell, Nguyen Ngoc Que & Nguyen Do Anh Tuan (2012), 'Smallholder competitiveness: insights from household pig production systems in Vietnam', presentaion at the Intemational Association of Agricultural Economists (I/HE) Triennial Conference, Foz lgua9U, Brazil 18-24 August, 2012 Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon (2014), Tdi ca cdu ngdnh chan nudi gan vdi gid tri gia tdng, bin vitng Ban tin lanh dgo sd 10/2014, tmy cap lan cuoi 10 thang nam 2015, tir Bo Nong nghiep va Phat triln Nong thon (2015), Bdn tin xudt nhgp khdu thit, tmy cap lin cudi 12 thang nam 2015, tir i ILRI (2013), Sd lieu dieu tra cdc tdc nhdn chudi gid tri thit Ign a tinh Hung Yen vd Nghe An, Tai lieu chua xuit ban, da dugc su dong y cua to chirc Nguyen Thi Duong Nga, Ho Ngoc Ninh, Pham Van Hung & Lapar Ma Lucila (2013), The Pig Value Chain in Vietnam: A Situational Analyis Report, ILRI Research Report, Nairobi, Kenya Nguyen Thi Duong Nga, Nguyen Thi Tra & Le Ngpc Hufag (2011), 'Tac dpng kinh te ciia viec cit giam thul nhap khau thit Ign tdi cac ho chan nuoi Ign tai huyen Van Giang, tinh Htmg Yen', Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Phdt triin, 9(2), 336-345 General Statistic OfBce of Vietnam (2012), Report on rural agriculture, andfishery survey 2011, Hanoi Vien nghien cfa kinh tl va chinh sach (2015), 'Tac dong cua Hiep dinh Ddi tac xuyen Thai Binh Duong (TPP) va Cong ding kinh tl ASEAN (AEC) len nganh chan nuoi tai Viet Nam', bai trinh bay tai Diin dan Chinh sach Nong nghiep thudng niem 2015, Vien Nghien cfa Kinh tl va Chinh sach Ha Ndi, thang 11 nam 2015 Sd 229(11) thdng 7/2016 36 ... tai (Bfag 7) Khoang 10% sd hg cho ring se tfag tieu dfag gia giam 10% va gin 20% sd bp se giam tieu dfag gia tfag Trong tinh hudng thi hd gia dinh ndng thdn phfa fag manh hon la bd thfah thj, cd... 2013) Sd 229(11) thdng 7/2016 32 kinlitaJhiit trien Bang 7: tTng xu ciia ho gia dinh gia thit Iffn thay ddi Gia tang 10% Gia giam 10% Thafa Ndng Thfah Ndng thi Chung thdn thi thdn Chung 11,9 9,5 11,1... cfa, chat lugng), gia, de hg cd the phuc vu tdt bon cho ngudi tieu dfag, va (iii) Cd cac giai phap ba gia thafa chfa nudi va tfag chat lugng sfa pham chudi gia tej thjt Ign Trong ngfa ban, viec