KHOA HOC - U N G DUNG CHON NGflNH CHQN NGHE PHU HOP I HO QUOC D t r c (*) TOM TAT Cdc sinh vien tdt nghiip Dgi hpc Cao ddng vdi tdm bdng cd nhdn tay, thdm chi logi khd, logi gidi, cdng gap khd khdn xin viec ldm hay thdt nghiip da trd thdnh mdt hien trgng phd bUn thdi gian gdn day Nguyin nhdn sdu xa chdng nhUng xuat phdt tir chdt luang ddo tgo khdng ddp Ung duac nhu cdu cua xd hpi md cdn cdc sinh viin dd nhdn dinh khdng ddng sd thich cua minh viic chpn lua nghe nghiip cua bdn thdn Vi thi, chinh bdn thdn cdc sinh vien edn phdi xdc dinh dupe niim dam me, sd thich cua bdn thdn di tii dd dua su chpn lua ddng ddn cho nghe nghiep vd cdng viic tuang lai cua minh Tur khda: Viec ldm, sinh viin ky ndng, hudng nghiep, cdng viec SUMMARY It has been popular in recent years that bachelors even with merit certifications have met difficulties to find out suitable jobs or become unemployed The main reasons may originate from not only non-fit between education quality and social needs but also faulty choices for tastes and careers from students Therefore, students themselves need to identify their hobbies or interests to choose their future work and careers properly Key words: job, student, skill, career guidance, Dat \kn dk Da tii lau dng cha ta dd cd nhung quan diem rat ro rang vd dung dan ve cdc ngdnh nghe xd hgi va nhung ddng gdp ciing nhu vai trd cua chung ddi vdi cude sdng tdng giai dogn cu thd cua xa hdi CJ thdi dgi phong kien, bi dnh hudng ldn tu tu tudng Nho giao vd quan niem thu bdc sang hen, nen cdng viec dugc xdp hgng td "Cdng - Hdu - Khanh - Tudc; ST Ndng - Cdng - Thuang; Ngu - Tieu Canh - Muc" Dugc gpi la cac nghd nhung thyc sy dd chi la sy xdp hgng cdc thu bdc giai cdp xa hpi phong kien Rdi sau dd, ddn cudi thd ky 19 vd ddu thd ky 20, thdi ky chidn tranh chdng Thuc dan Phap va Dd qudc My, chd phong kien bi lat dd, cdc thu bgc ngdnh nghd lgi thay ddi, ngudi ta lai xdp cdc (*) Chtiyln vien Ban TVHNTs"^- Trv*ng OH KTCN LA work nhdm nganh nghe chinh xa hdi theo thu tu: "Nhdt Y, nhi Dugc, tam dugc Bdch Khoa, Su Phgm bd qua" Ro rang tung thdi diem khdc nhau, quan diem cua xa hgi se thay ddi theo thdi gian Va mgt didu chdc rang nhirng quan diem da tac ddng rat ldn den he tu tudng, cung nhu muc dich phdn dau phat tridn cua nhidu thd he nien viec phdn ddu chpn lya myc dich tuong lai cua ban than hp Quan diem va xu the hirdng nghiep thdi dai mdi Tuy nhien, thdi dgi kinh te xa hpi phat trien nhu ngdy nay, nen kinh te thd gidi dugc xem nhu Id mdt nen "kinh td phdng" Cac khai nidm ve bidn gidi chi cdn cd y nghia vd mat dia ly trdn bdn dd Vdi xu hudng todn edu hda ngdy TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP KHOA HOC - i NG DUNG Tu vdn huang nghiep nhdm chon ngdnh nghe phit hpp- dnh Hgc sinh Trudng THPT Tdn Tru cdng ldn, cdc cdng vide ngdy dugc ddi hdi khdc khe hon, ky ludng ban Chdng han nhu: cac sinh vien, hgc sinh ngdy dugc ddo tao khdng chi ve kien thiic chuyen mdn ma cdn cd cac kien thiic phu va ky nang di kem Vi du nhu mdt sinh vien nganh Dugc, ngoai nhung kien thuc chuyen nganh hp cdn cdn dugc dao tgo ve anh van, tin hpc hay ky ndng giao tiep, ky nang ban hang v.v Bdi mgt didu dan gidn, neu chi dugc hpc vd chuydn mdn, mgt dugc sy khdng the nao theo kip sy phdt trien cua xa hdi, vi khdng thd tham khdo hay hgc hdi cac kien thuc mdi td cdc tai lieu nudc ngoai khdng cd nhung kidn thdc nhat dinh vd anh van hay tin hpc Rdi hg cdn can cd cac ky nang bdn hang vd dam phan dd cd the ban dugc san pham ngdy cdc sdn phdm nganh Duac rdt da dgng vd cd rdt nhidu nha san xudt cho khdch hang chgn iya Ddy la mdt vi du nhd dd chi sy cdn thidt viec thay ddi tu ve cdng vi^c thdi dgi mdi Thuc sy cac quan didm ngdy xua cho den cung vdn cdn phdn gid tri thara khao cho mgi ngudi Ngudi xua nghT rdng "Nhat nghe tinh - Nhat than vinh" hay "mdt nghe cho chin cdn han chin nghe" Mac du dieu khdng cdn dung hoan toan ma cac thd he sau cd the Iam nhidu vide de tich luy thdt nhidu kinh nghiem, nhdm phuc vy cho kd hogch nghd nghidp tuong lai cua minh Mpt sinh vien hpc ve kinh te c6 the Idm vide phyc vy quan an, ban hang, hay thdm chi lam mdt gia su de tieh liiy kinh nghiem lam vide Thoat nhin so qua cd the chung khdng lidn quan ddn vd tinh chat cdng vipc nhung neu sinh vien dd cd the biet dugc cdi ma minh can dd hpc lam nhung edng vipc thi chung se rdt hiru ich cho hg tuong lai Phuc vy qudn dn dem den cho sinh vien due tinh cdn than, cdn cu; ban hdng ren luydn su nhdn ngi, kha ndng thuydt phyc, ky nang giao tiep; hay vide lam gia su lgi ren luydn eho sinh vien kha ndng hidu dugc tdm ly khach hdng Va KHOA HOC - U N G D U N G sau kdt hgp hdt tdt ca cac kinh nghiem tich luy dd lgi vdi nhau, chdc chan rang sy cdng d vai trd qudn ly hay chu doanh nghiep se khdng khd ddi vdi hp Tuy nhidn, ngdy viec phan dau Ak "Nhdt than vinh" mgt nghe minh da chgn ciing khdng cd gi la khdng dung Thd nhung nd can dugc thay ddi, bd sung thdm mgt chut Cac bac Thdy ndi tieng xua nhu Chu Vdn An, NguySn Binh Khiem, Nguyen Dinh Chieu hay Le Quy Ddn Ia nhirng tdm guang sdng dd eho cac thd he noi theo, hg da phan dau ca ddi dd hgc tap nhung tridt ly tu ngudi xua nhu tu tudng Nho gido hay Dgo giao, rdn luydn nhan each sdng, nhan each lam ngudi de truyen dat cho cdc mdn sinh eua minh Ngay cdc nhd giao, hp cd nhirng cai tien hon phuang phap hpc vd day hgc Khdng don thudn vdi sach, bang, but myc ma cdn can cdc thidt bi hd trg khac nhu may chieu, may vi tinh dd hgc sinh, sinh vidn ed the tiep thu kien thdc tdt hon va nhanh han Nganh su phgm ndi ridng vd cac nganh nghd khac ndi chung, ngdy can phdi hgc them nhidu kien thdc vd ky nang hd trg khdc la mpt ydu can tdt ydu cua xa hdi Theo thdng ke cda Bd GD & DT, nam 2011 cd nudc cd gdn 63% sinh vien that nghiep vi thieu ky nang Day qua la mpt kdt qua rdt ddng lo nggi va dang bdo ddng Mdi nam cd nudc cd hon mgt tridu sinh vidn tdt nghidp Dgi hpc, Cao ddng va TCCN Thd nhung cd den 2/3 sd lugng sinh vien khdng tim dugc vide lam hogc khdng di lam sau tdt nghiep thi day thyc sy la mdt ganh ndng cua ca xa hdi Cdc em dugc xa hdi, gia dinh bao trg cho han 20 nam sinh hogt vd di hgc, thd nhung sau 20 nam dd cdc em lgi tiep tyc nhgn sy bdo trg cua gia dinh va xa hdi Nguyen nhan hodn todn khdng the loi cho sy thieu nhdn thuc cua cdc em vide hgc tap va ren luyen ky ndng Ma dd la nguydn nhdn sau xa cua cd mdt he thdng td gia dinh, nhd trudng va xa hgi Ci cdc nudc tien tien, vide hgc hudng nghiep cdn d bdc phd thdng dugc chu trgng rdt ldn, dugc xem nhu mdt mdn hpc chinh Chang hgn nhu d Canada, d bgc THCS cac em se dugc thyc tap hudng nghiep - budi mpt tudn de cung cd chuyen mdn cho cac nganh nghd ma cac em da chgn cho tuang lai Cdn ldn den bdc trung hpc phd thdng, cdc em lgi hpc tap hudng nghidp nhieu hon cd den - thang de thyc tap tai cdc mdi trudng lam viec thich hgp Dieu dd that dd hidu hpc het THPT cdc em cd dugc khd ddy du ky nang vd trinh dp chuyen mdn dd ldm nhung viec phu hgp vdi ban than Trdi vdi cac nudc phdt tridn, d Viet Nam sinh vien xem dgi hgc Id dudng nhat, cd gang hdt sue dd dugc vao dai hpc Nhung cdc em sdp hodn tdt chuang trinh dgi hpc, phan ldn cac em lgi khdng thd trd ldi, dugc hdi cdc em se ldm gi va d dau sau trudng Them mdt nguyen nhdn sau xa nua cua vide cdc em sinh vidn khdng the kidm dugc viec Idm trudng, vi hg da khdng xac dinh nghe nghiep dung vdi ndng lyc vd sd thich cua ban than Vdo ndm 2013, Khi Bd trudng Bd GD&DT dua nhan xet ve vipc siet chat chi tidu tuydn sinh d cac khdi nganh kinh te, vi nhan sy thua d cdc khdi nganh ndy ldn, thi sinh vien Iai lya chpn cdc ngdnh ky thudt va su pham chdng hgn de xem nhu gidi phap an toan vd dn dinh cho tuang lai minh Thd nhung, sau - nam hgc tap cac em trudng se cd kha nang rat thdp dd kidm dugc vide lam, vi TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NCil HEP KHOA H O C - U N G DUNG khdng phdi nidm dam me that sy cua cac em, cung nhu cac em khdng di sat thyc td vide lam tuang lai cua minh Vi dy chi tidu tuydn sinh vien cac ngdnh su pham cua DH Su phgm Hd Ngi la 3.000 nam 2013, nhung theo mgt thdng kd mdi ddy nhdt td Tmng tdm Kiem dinh chat lugng giao due va khao thi, thi sd sinh vidn tdt nghiep cua Trudng cdc nam 2010, 2011, 2012 chi khodng 30% sinh vien cd viec Iam hogc chuan hi cd viec lam Day Id didu binh thudng md sd gido vidn moi nam nghi vide ve huu, chuyen nganh Id rat it so vdi sd cac cii nhan su pham trudng K i t luan Mac du vi^c chgn nganh vd vipc Idm cua sinh vien sau tot nghiep ddi hdi phdi ed mdt sy chung tay gdnh vac traeh nhiem chung cua cd cpng ddng bao gdm gia dinh, nha trudng va xa hgi Ngay td bay gid cac bgn sinh vien cd thd ty than minh thay ddi nhung tu duy, he tu tudng cua ban than, ty tin vao nhung sd thich dam me cua minh, dd tu dd vach cho ban than nhung myc dich phdn ddu thyc sy cho tuang lai Cd nhu vgy cac ban mdi cd the "nhat than vinh" d khdng chi mdt nghe ma edn d tat ca mpi ITnh vyc md cdc ban dam me vd ydu thich Tdi lifu tham khdo [1] Friedman, T (2005) The world is fiat: a brief history ofthe twenty-first century, 1st ed New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux [2] Kim Ngan (2012),65 % sinh viin thdt nghiep chdt luang gido dgc cd vdn di?, giaoduc.net.vn chuyen muc Giao due 24h ngdy 20/9/2012, xem 31/11/2013 Ngay nhdn: 21/10/2013 Ngay duy^t dang: 24/12/2013 ^Esss^s^mm ... chon ngdnh nghe phit hpp- dnh Hgc sinh Trudng THPT Tdn Tru cdng ldn, cdc cdng vide ngdy dugc ddi hdi khdc khe hon, ky ludng ban Chdng han nhu: cac sinh vien, hgc sinh ngdy dugc ddo tao khdng chi... chat cdng vipc nhung neu sinh vien dd cd the biet dugc cdi ma minh can dd hpc lam nhung edng vipc thi chung se rdt hiru ich cho hg tuong lai Phuc vy qudn dn dem den cho sinh vien due tinh cdn than,... vdi sach, bang, but myc ma cdn can cdc thidt bi hd trg khac nhu may chieu, may vi tinh dd hgc sinh, sinh vidn ed the tiep thu kien thdc tdt hon va nhanh han Nganh su phgm ndi ridng vd cac nganh