GIAM NGHEO DA CHIEU O TINH THITATHIEN HUE HATHJHANG* Ke tir nam 2016, tinh Thda Thidn Hue cung nhu nhieu dia phuang khac ci nudc thuc hien phuong phap ludng ngheo theo each tiep can da chieu ^^ec xac dinh chuan ngheo mdi tien bg hon, tac dong toan dien hon din ngudi ngheo, nhung cdng la thach thdc Idn ma nudc ta noi chung, tinh Thda Thien Hue noi rieng phai doi mat Bai viet phan tich khai quit thuc trang va dua cac giai phap giam ngheo theo each tiep can da chieu (ggi tit la giam ngheo da chieu) d tinh Thda Thien Hue thdi gian tdi TCr khda: giim ngheo da chieu, tinh Thda Thien Hui Since 2016, Hue province like many other provinces in Vietnam have implemented a method for measuring multidimetional poverty The determination of the new poverty line is more progressive, and impacts more comprehensively on the poor, but is also a great challenge that our country in general and Thua Thien Hue province in particular facing This paper focuses on an overview of the situation and solutions to reduce poverty according to a multidimensional approach (referred to as multidimensional poverty reduction) in Thua Thien Hue province in the coming time Keywords: multidimentional poverty reduction Hue province Ngaynhan: - 1 - Ngay ptian bien danh gia: - 1 - Ngay duyet dang: - - I.ThUctranggidmngheocTadiieudtinhniilia tdng sd hd ngheo cua tinh la 28.003 hd (ehidm ThienHue 11,16%), hdcanngheo 17.151 bd (chiem6,83%), Thda thien Hud la tinh cd didu kien kinh te - den nam 2015 la 12.500 hp (chiem 4,7%), Dac xa hdi khd khan va la mdt nhung tinh biet, xem xet mdc dp giam ty le hd ngheo va ngheo cda khu vuc mien Trung Trong nhiing khoang each chenh lech ve ngheo giua eac vung nam qua, tinh ludn xac dinh rd thuc hien muc cho thay Ty le hp ngheo khu vuc thi, khu tieu giam ngheo la mgt nhung nhiem vu vuc ndng thdn, vung dan tdc it ngudi giam qua trgng tam eua tinh, va da cd nhieu giai phap thidt cae nam Ty le hd ngheo khu vue thi giam thuc, da dat duoc nhung kdt qua nhat dinh td 5,46% nam 2010 xudng edn 2,46% nam 2015, Theo sd lieu thdng ke cua tinh, giai doan 2011- khu vuc ndng thdn giam td 14,9% nam 2010 2015 tylehd ngheo binh quan nam giam xudng cdn 6,08% nam 2015, vdng dan toe it 1,34% (giam 15.703 hd ngheo), cu the: nam 2010 ngudi giam td 28,04% nam 2010 xudng cdn 12% _ ^ "^^^ 2015 Khoang each ty le hg ngheo giua khu • TS Ha Thi Hang - Trucmg Dai hoc Kinh te, Dai vuc thi va khu vuc ndng thdn giam td hpcHu^ 9,44% nam 2010 xudng 4,52% nam 2015, giua khu vgc ndng thdn va vung dan tdc it ngudi giam 5(528(12 2018)|TAPCHfKINHTevAQUANLY| 39 THlTCTIEN-KINH NGHIEM Bingl:So ho ngheo, ho tan ngheodtinhThta Thien Huenam2017 TT Don vi Toan tinh Thanh Hue TX Huong Tra TX Huong Thuy Huyen Phong Dien Huy&n Quang Dien Huyen Phu Vang Huyen Phu Loc Huyen Nam Ddng Huyen A Ludi Tong so hp dan cu 295.481 82.932 29.238 26.796 27.514 25.781 46.834 36.672 6.596 13.118 So hg ngheo TYle(%j Sohq 5,98 17.662 1,91 1.582 4,57 1.335 3,39 909 6,34 1.744 9,21 2.374 6,53 3.058 ,7,40 2.712 10,18 670 24,99 3.278 So hp can ngh^o Tyle(%) So ho 5,22 15.429 2,47 2.050 4,82 1.409 3,75 1.004 5,64 1.552 7,92 2.041 7,26 3.400 5,01 1.836 7,23 477 12,65 1.660 Nguon: Ban chi dao cac chuang trinh muc tieu quoc gia tinh Thda Thien td 13,14% nam 2010 xudng edn 5,92% vao cudi nam 2015 Giai doan 2016 - 2020 tinh Thda Thien Hud thuc hien Quydt dinh 59/2015/QD - T T g cua Thu tudng Chinh phu vd trien khai chuyen ddi ludng ngheo dem chieu sang ludng ngheo da chidu, Theo dd, tinh da tidn hanh td chdc didu tra, soat lai sd hd ngheo theo tieu ehi mdi, - Ve sd lugng hd ngheo, can ngheo theo chuan ngheo da ehieu So lupng hp ngheo tang tu 13.883 hg nam 2014 (ehiem 5.06%) len 20.623 hd nam 2016 (ehiem ty le 7,19%) Tuy nhien, sau mdt nam trien khai ddng bd eac giai phap giam ngheo So Iugng hd ngheo va can ngheo cua tinh budc dau cd su chuyen bidn tieh cue Nam 2016 theo chuan ngheo da chieu, toan tinh cd 20,623 hd ngheo (chiem ty Ie 7,19%) va 15,777 hp can ngheo (5,50%) thi den nam nam 2017 toan tinh cdn 17,662 hd ngheo (5,98%o) va 15.429 hp can ngheo (5,22%) Doi chieu so lieu giua cac nam, cho thay: nam 2017 so vdi nam 2016, sd hd ngheo giam 2.961 hp, (1,21%), nam 2016 so vdi nam 2015, sd hd ngheo giam 2.977 bp (1,17%), Sd hg can ngheo nam 2017 so vdi 2016 giam 348 hg (0,28%), Hue nam 2016 so vdi 2015, sd hp can ngheo tang them 1.744 hg (tang 0,53%) Mac du sd lugng hd ngheo giam xudng, nhung so vdi cac dia phuong khac, tinh Thda Hue v i n cd so lugng xa ngheo cao (19 xa) chiem tren 25%), tap trung cao nhdt d huyen: A Ludi 3.278 bp ngheo (24,99%.) va 1.660 hg can ngheo (12,65%.); Nam Ddng 670 hd ngheo (10,16%.) va 477 hd can ngheo (7,23%); Quang Dien 2.374 hd (9,21%); Phu Lde 2,712 (7,40%i) - Ve eo eau hp ngheo va tai ngheo theo ehuan ngheo da chieu Nghien cdu ve su phan bd hd ngheo d tinh Thda Thien Hue eho thdy, hd ngheo thudng tap trung vao eae nhdm doi tupng d khu vuc ndng thdn, ddng bao dan tpc it ngudi va dien eiiinh sach bao trg xa hdi - Ve mue dp thieu hut thu nhap va tiep can cac dich vu xa hdi coban Nam 2016 theo ehuan ngheo da ehieu, toan tinh ed 23 600 hd ngheo, cd 19.519 hp ngheo theo thu nhap (chidm 82,7%o), 4.081 ho ngheo thidu hut eae dieh vu xa hdi ca ban (17,3%.); Den nam 2017 cd 17.662 hp ngheo, 16,717 hp ngheo theo thu nhap (94,65%o) va 945 (5,35%o) hp ngheo thidu hut cac dich vu xa hdi ca ban 40 iTAPCHlKlNHTtvAQUANLVl 5(528(12-2018 So sanh 2017 vdi 2016 ve theo cac tieu ehi ngheo da chidu eho thay: - Nam 2016, ngheo ve tidp can cac dich vu y te: 429 hd (6,9%.); trinh dp giao due eua ngudi Idn: 5.273 hd (25,6%); tinh trang di hoc cua tre em: U hg (6,9%); chdt lugng nha d: 7.703 hp (37,4 %); dien tich nha d: 6.226 hp (30,2 %); ngudn nude sinh hoat: 3.918 hd (19,0 %): hd xl/nha tieu hap ve sinh: 7.618 ho (36,9 %.); sd dung dich vu vidn thdng 149 hp (34,7 %); tai san phuc vu tiep can thdng tin: 3,699 hg (17,9 %) Nam 2017 eac chi tieu tren tuong dng la 6,3%.; 18.4%,, 4,3%; 32,2 %; 27,6 %; 9,1 %; 38,3 %; 33.2 %.; 14,0 % - Doi vdi hg can ngheo, nam 2016 cae chi tieu ve tidp can cac dich vu y td: 1,245 hp (7,90%Q); trinh giao due cua ngudi Idn, 2.989 hp (18,9%)); tinh trang di hgc eua tre em: 1.443 hd (9,1%); ehdt lugng nha d: 3,733 hg (23,7 %), dien tich nha d: 3.823 hd (24,2 %); ngudn nude sinh boat: 2,144 hd (13,6 %); hd xi/nha tieu hgp ve sinh: 3.703 hg (23,5 %]; sd dung dich vu vien thdng 3.422 hg (21,7 %); tai san phuc vu tiep can thdng tin, 2,091 hg (13,3 %) Nam 2017 eae chi tieu tren tuong dng la: 5,l%o; 17,0%o; 4,7%o; 18,7 %; 22,1 %; 6,4 %,; 20,9 %; 19,1 %; 9,9 % - Ve thue bien eae ehinh sach, chuang trinh hd trg giam ngheo De thuc hien giam ngheo da chieu tinh Thda Thien Hud nhan duge su dau tu cua Nha nude thdng qua cae Chuang trinh, du an nhu: Chuang trinh 30a vd bd trg dau tu ca sd tang cac xa dac biet khd khan vdng bai ngang ven bien va hai dao (ngudn vdn thue hien 177,26 ty ddng) Chuong trinh 135 vd hd trg dau tu co sd tang eac xa dac biet khd khan, xa bien gidi, xa an toan khu; cac thdn, ban dac biet khd khan (90,50 ty ddng) Hd trp phat tridn san xuat, da dang hda sinh kd va nhan rdng md hinh giam ngheo cae xa dae biet khd khan, xa bien gidi, xa an toan khu, cac thdn, ban dac biet khd khan (27,89 ty ddng) Nang eao nang lue eho cdng ddng va can bp eo sd cae xa dae biet khd khan, xa bien gidi, xa an toan khu, thdn dac biet khd khan (5,75 ty ddng) Du an ve hd trp phat tridn san xuat, da dang hda sinh ke va nhan rdng mo hinh giam ngheo tren dia ban eae xa ngoai chuang trinh 30a va chuang trinh 135 (17,25 ty ddng), Du an ve truydn thdng va giam ngheo ve thdng tin (5,75 ty ddng) Du an ve nang cao nang lue va giam sat, danh gia chuang trinh (2,88 tydong) Ben eanh nhung chinh sach ehung cua Nha nude, tinh Thda Thien Hue da thue hien cac chinh sach nhu: Chinh sach hd trg ngudn nudc sinh hoat, xay dung he thdng cap nudc sach tren dia ban huyen Nam Ddng, A Ludi, vdn thuc hien giai doan 2016-2020 khoang 60 ty ddng Chinh sach ho trg 30%> kinh phi mua BHYT eho hd can ngheo theo Quyet dinh 797/QD-TTg, ude cd khoang 20.000 ngudi dugc hd trg thdi gian nam vdi tdng kinh phi khoang 18,5 ty ddng UBND tinh Thda Thien - Hue da phan cdng eac sd, ban, nganh, doan the, trudng hgc giup cac xa cd ty le hp ngheo ban 25% d hai huyen A Ludi va Nam Ddng giai doan 2016 2020 - Ve ket qua giam ngheo ben vung theo tiep can da ehieu Can ed vao chi tieu phan dau giam ty le hg ngheo nam 2017 theo Nghi quydt sd 04-NQ/rU 08/11/2016 cua Tinh uy, chi tieu giam ty le hd ngheo nam 2017 vugt ke hoach da de 0,11% Neu so sanh nam 2017 vdi nam 2016 eho thay: tdng sd 20.623 hg ngheo nam 2016, cd 3.881 hd thoat ngheo (8,82%) va cd 142 hg tai ngheo, ty le 0,80%, 743 hd ngheo phat sinh (4,21%.) Trong tdng sd 15,777 hp can ngheo nam 2016, ed 3,420 hp thoat can ngheo (21,68%), ed 308 hd tai can ngheo, ty le 2,00%), 2.860 bp can ngheo phat sinh (18,54%o ) Nam 2015 theo chuan ngheo da ehieu, toan tinh cd 19 xa cd ty le hd ngheo tren 25% den eudi nam 2016, giam edn 16 xa, den cudi nam 2017 giam cdn 15 xa De dat dugc kdt qua neu tren mdt sd nguyen nhan chinh sau: Thd nhat, dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi cua Thda Thien Hue nhung nam qua tiep tue ed mde tang trudng kha; thu hut dugc nhidu 5(528 (12-2018) I T A P C H I K I N H T E V A Q U A N L V I 41 THI/CTIIN-KINH NGHIEM chuong trinh, dg an dau tu nen da giai quyet Giiki phap day manh giim ngheo da chieu dtinh viec lam, tang thu nhap cho mpt bp phan dan Thtia Thien Hue Mdt la, cdn day manh cdng tac tuyen truydn, cu nang cao nhan thdc, trach nhiem cua can bp, Thd hai ben canh eo che ehinh saeh eua dang vien va nhan dan ve giam ngheo da chieu Trung uang, Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thda Thien Hue da cd eo chd, ehinh sach dae thu danh cho Phai quan triet giam ngheo la nhiem vu quan hp ngheo, xa ngheo nhim nang cao nang lue trpng cua ca he thdng chinh tri td tinh den co tiep can eac dich vu xa hpi, chi dao thuc hien sd, hp ngheo phai thuc su la ehu the cong long ghep eac chuong trinh, chinh saeh hd tro tae giam ngheo, nang cao nang lue edng ddng giam ngheo nhu Chuong trinh 135; chuong quan ly va sd dung cd hieu qua ngudn Iuc trinh xay dung ndng thdn mm, chuang trinh dao hd trg eua Nha nudc, cua cdng ddng de thoat tao nghd cho lao dpng ndng thdn theo Quyet ngheo Moi hd ngheo, ngudi ngheo phai tich cue dinb sd 1956/QD -TTg cda Thu tudng Chinh hoc tap,rimviec lam, nd lue phdn dau de thoat phu; van dpng ung hd Tet vi ngudi ngheo ngheo, vuon len lam giau Hai la, thue hien tdt eae ciiinh sach an sinh nh§m tao mpi dieu kien hd trg eho ngudi dan xa hpi, tao ca hgi eho ngudi ngheo tidp can dd giam ngheo nhanh, Thd de thue hien giam ngheo da chidu dang eae dieh vu xa hpi Thuc hien tdt eae chinh giai doan 2016 - 2020 ngoai eae ngudn luc cda sach vd tin dung uu dai, midn, giam hgc phi, Trung uong, eua ngan sach dia phuong, tinh da chinh sach eho ngucn eao tuoi, ngudi khuyet tat, huy ddng ngudn Iuc td cae cap, eac nganh, eae tre em cd hoan eanh khd khan, ehinh sach ddi td ehde doan the eiiinh tri - xa hpi, edng dong vdi ngudi cd cdng, ddng bao dan toe it ngucn.,, doanh nghiep va nhan dan ,gdp phan day theo tmh thdn Nghi quydt 15 - NQ/TW, nhanh phat trien kinh te, thuc hien cdng nghiep 01/6/2012 cua Ban Chdp hanh Trung uang hda, hien dai hda gan hen vdi xda ddi giam Dang (khda XI) ve mpt sd van dd ve ehinh sach ngheo, xa hpi giai doan 2012 - 2020 Thuc hien cd hieu qua eae chuong trinh dao tao nghe, giai quyet Han ehe va nguyen nhan Mae du dat dupe kdt qua dang ghi nhan viec lam, giao due, y te, nha d, nude sinh boat nhung ty Ie hp ngheo, can ngheo theo chuan va thdng tin truyen thdng, dd uu tien cho mdi vdn cdn d mdc cao; tinh chua phat huy het eae xa vdng sau, vung xa, tao ea hpi de nhan cac ngudn luc dan vao cdng lac giam dan hudng den eai thien viee tiep can eac dich ngheo; vdn edn tu tudng trdng chd, y lai vao vu xa hdi eo ban tdt hem ngudn ngan saeh cua Nha nudc Ba ia thgc tiien tdt du an ho trg phat trien Han che tren cd nhieu nguyen nhan, nhung san xuat, tao viec lam, tang thu nhap cho hp chu ydu la: Ngudn Iuc ddu tu cho cdng tac giam ngheo, can ngheo Tinh cdn sda ddi, bo sung co ngheo cua dia phuang tham gia ddi dng eung ehe de day manh thu hut, khuyen khich eac vdi ngan saeh ho trp cdn thap, mdt sd chinh doanh nghiep dau tu d khu vue ndng thdn, mien sach ban hanh tae dpng ehua manh den giam nui, cae xa ngheo de phat trien san xuat, che ngheo, cac chinh sach hd tro sinh ke de phat bien, tieu thu san pham eho ndng dan va giai trien san xuat chua nhieu Trinh dp dan tri cda quyet viee lam cho ngudi lao dpng, uu tien bao mgt bp phan ngudi dan, y thde tu luc vuon len tieu san pham cho hp ngheo, can ngheo Tap eude sdng cda mpt bd phan hd ngheo chua trung dao tao nghe dap dng nhu eau lao dgng eao; van cdn tu tudng khdng mudn thoat ngheo eua eac du an da va dang dau tu tren dia ban de hudng chinh saeh uu dai eua Nha nudc Vai tinh, dd, ed du an may xuat khau d Nam trd cua cbinh quyen va eae to ehde doan the d Ddng va mdt so huyen ven bien Bo sung va mpt sd huyen, xa ehua dugc phat huy hoan thien eae chinh saeh hd tro phat trien san 42 | T A P C H I K I N H T E V A Q U A N L Y | 5628(12-2018) xuat, tang thu nhap cho hd ngheo, can ngheo thdng qua hd trg gidng cay trdng, vat nudi cd gia tri kinh td eao de ngudi dan thoat ngheo nhanh, tiep can day du cae dich vu xa hpi ca ban Giai quyet cd hieu qua cac van dd xa hoi bdc xdc nhu thdt nghiep, te nan xa hpi, thuc hien cd hieu qua cae du an vd hd trg, s&p xdp tai dinh cu phu hgp vci quy hoach phat trien san xudt, tdng budc dn dinh dan cu Bon la, buy ddng va sd dung hieu qua cac nguon lue eho cdng tac giam ngheo Thue hien giam ngheo theo tieu ehi da chidu can ngudn kinh phi rdt Idn, can da dang hoa nguon kinh phi nhu: Tranh thu su giup dd eua Trung uong, huy dgng vdn tu ngan sach dia phuang va su ddng gdp eua cac doanh nghiep, to ehde, ca nhan va ngoai tinh Nang eao Iiidu qua sd dung cae ngudn vdn giam ngheo, thue hien Idng ghep eae nguon vdn td cac chuang trinh, du an khae vdi chucmg trinh giam ngheo de tang hieu qua dau tu Nam la, gan edng tae giam ngheo vdi xay dung ndng thdn mdi va bao ve mdi trudng Long ghep eae mue tieu, du an giam ngheo vdi xay dung ndng thdn mdi de xay dung khu vuc ndng thdn ed ket cau tang kinh te - xa hdi tdng bude hien dai, gan phat trien nong nghiep vdi phat trien edng nghiep va dich vu, tdng bude xay dung xa hgi ndng thdn dan chu, dn dinh, giau ban sac van hda dan toe, mdi trudng sinh thai dugc bao ve, an ninh chinh tri, trat tu an toan xa hdi duge giu vdng Tuyen truyen, van dpng nhan dan ed ldi song, each dng xd than thien vdi mdi trudng Sau la, nang cao hieu luc, hieu qua quan ly cda nha nude, tang eudng su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi edng tac giam ngheo cdn hoan thien ca ehe didu hanh, phan edng dau mdi chiu traeh nhiem cbinh, phan cap nhiem vu, quydn ban eu the cho cac dia phucmg thuc hien giam ngheo Tang eudng ky cuang, nang cao trach nhiem thuc thi cdng vu cua can bp, dang vidn, cdng chdc, vien chdc gan vdi eai each thu tue hanh ehinh, ehu trpng cdng tac kiem tra, giam sat eua cap uy, ehinh quydn cac edp va cua ngudi dan viec thuc iiien ehu truong, chinh sach cua Dang, phap luat cua Nha nude ve giam ngheo Tang cudng su lanh dao eua eac cap uy Dang ddi vdi cdng tac giam ngheo, tidp tue quan triet sau sac eac cap, cac nganh, cac dia phuang ve ehu trucmg cua Dang, ehinh saeh, phap luat eua Nha nude ve cdng tae giam ngheo va xem day la mdt ehu truong Idn cda Dang, the hien ban chat tdt dep eda chd do, thue hien phat trien bao trdm de khdng bi de lai phia sau qua trinh phat trien TAI LI|U THAM KHAO 1) Thu tucfng Chinh phu, Quyet dinh Phe duyet Chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia giam ngheo ben vUng giai doan 2016- 2020, S6:1722/QD-TTg 02 thang nam 2016 2) Thu tuong Cbinh phu, Quyet dinh ve viec ban hanh chuan ngheo tiep can da chieu ap dung cho giai doan 2016 - 2020, So 59/2015/QD- TTg, 19 thing 11 nam 2015 3) Tinh uy tinh Thua Ttiien Hue, Nghi quyet H6i nghi lan thii Ban chap hanh Dang bg tinh khoa XV vS giam ngheo ben vUng giai doan 2016 - 2020, So 04/NQ/TU, 18 thang 11 nam 2016 4) Uy ban nhan dan tinh ThCra Thien Hue, Bao cao Ket qua dieu tra, soat ho ngheo, hg can ngheo nam 2016 theo chuan ngheo tiep can da chieu tren dia ban tinh Thira Thien Hue, So 216/BC-UBND 30 thang 12 nam 2016 5) Uyban nhan dan tinh Thua Thien Hue, Bao cao Ket q u i soat ho ngheo, ho can ngh^o tinh Thira Thien Hue-Nam 2017 So 01 /BC-BCDCTMTQG, 04 thang 01 nam 2018 6) Uyban nhan dan tinh TbiXa Thien Hue, Ke hoach Thuc bien Chuang thnh muc aeu quoc gia Giam ngheo ben viing tinh Thita Thien Hue giai doan 2016-2020 So 189/KHUBND, 14 thang 12 nam 2016 5(5 28 {12-2018) I TAP CHf KINHTE V A Q U A N LV | 43