Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc so - 2020 JMOT SO VAN DE GIAM NGHEO NGl/OTl TA OI XA DONG SON, HUYEN A LUOfI, TINH THlTA T H i t N HUE^ PGS.TS Bui Van Dao Vien Dan toe lioc Tom tat: Td-6i Id ddn tpc thieu sd chiem so dong & xd bien gioi Bong Scm, huyen A Luai, tinh Thica Thien Hue Do khd khan dgc thu ve dieu kien tu nhien vd ddn cu, ngheo ddi dang Id vdn de biec xuc a dia phuang ndy, ty le hp ngheo cao vd muc dp thieu hut trdm trpng mpt so chi sd tiep can dich vu xa hpi ca bdn nhu dien tich vd chdt lupng nhd &, nu&c sinh hogt, gido due cua ngu&i ldn, nhd ve sinh Kit hpp phdn tich nguyen nhdn vd tdc dpng cua ngheo, bdi viet de xudt mpt so gidi phdp gpi y xay dung chinh sdch gidm ngheo a Ddng Son ndi rieng vd cdc xd vitng bien giai khu vu-c mien nui tdy duyen hdi mien Trung ndi chung Tir khda: Ddn tdc thieu sd tai chd, Td-oi, Pa-cd, Men giai, ngheo, ngheo thu nhdp, ngheo da chieu, gidm ngheo, xd Ddng Son Ngdynhgnbdi: 15/10/2019; ngdy giii phdn bien: 2/1/2020, ngdy duyet ddng: 9/2/2020 Dat van d§ Xa Ddng Scm, huyen A Ludi, tinh Thira Thien Hue la xa viing sau, vung xa, vung bign gidi, noi cu tni ehu ygu eua tpc ngudi Ta-di Dudi tac dgng ciia Ddi mdi va thuc hien chinh sach dan tdc, kinh tg, xa hpi day tung budc phat trign, co sd vat chfit tiing dm duge xay dung, ddi sdng ngudi dan xa timg budc duge cai thien Nhimg tuu da cd la rat ldn va dang kg, so vdi trudc Ddi mdi (1986) la budc phat trign vugt bac, ldn hon tat ea nhimg thdi ky trudc cdng lai Tuy nhign, nhimg kgt qua dat dugc mdi ehi la bude dau Do nhung dac thu ve digu kien tu' nhign va trinh dp phat trign tu than, dgn nay, so vdi ngudi Kinh va so vdi ca nudc, ngudi Ta di xa Ddng Son van tinh trang cham phat trign, ddi sdng khd khan Dg phat trign bgn virng, bgn canh nhimg thuan lgi, ngudi Ta-di dang phai ddi mat vdi mdt sd thach thdc ndi com va buc xiic, dd cd van dg ngheo va giam ngheo Dudi gdc dp dan tpc hgc, bai vigt trinh bay, phan tieh thue trang ngheo va mdt sd van dg giam ngheo d ngudi Ta-di xa Ddng Son, huyen A Ludi, tinh Thira Thign Hue Ngoai tai lieu van, bai viet hoan trgn co sd ngudn tai lieu thdng kg cac cap va ngudn tu lieu thuc dia tac gia thu thap bang cac hinh thiic quan sat, phdng van sau, thao luan nhdm tai xa Ddng Son, nhat la d lang Ca Va thugc xa thang 1/2019 Bai viet la ket qua de tai khoa hoc Cong nghe cap quoc gia '^Mpt sd vdn de ca bdn vd cap bdch cong dong cdc dan tpc thieu sd tai chSkhu vuc tdy duyen hdi mien Trung", ma s6 CTDT 18.36/16-20 Vien Da tpc hpc thuc hien, PGS.TS Bui Van Dao lam Chii nhiem, thupc Chucmg trinh Khoa hoc Cong nghe cap quoc gia giai doan 2016 - 2020 "Nhung v5n dg ca ban va cdp bach vg dan tpc thiSu so va chinh sach dan tpc d Viet Nam dgn nam 2030", ma s6 CTDT/16-20 Uy ban Dan tpc chii tri 50 BdiVdnJ>a^ Den nay, da cd mpt s6 cang ninh vijt ve dan tpc Ta d Viet Nam ndi chung va d Tiiira T len Hue not rieng, nhu: Vdi net vi quan he hon nhdn gia dinh cua ngirdi Pa co, Pa hi Ka tu (Nguyen Huu Thau, 1976); Bdn toe Td di, sach: Cdc ddn toe it ngudi a Viel Nam (Cdc linh pU" * ' " ' ' *^'™ Dan tpc hoc, 1984); Hon nhdn, gia dinh, ma chay eiia ngtr&i Td-dt, Ca-tu Bru-Vdn Kiiu a Qudng Tri JTiiJ-a Thien Hui (NguySn Xuan H3ng, 1998); Ngudi Td Si a Thita Thien Hui (Hoang Son ehuyen, 2007); GiU cu Ihem mdi, Idm tdi sdn cho eon chdu (NguySn Trudng Giang, 2016); Ddn tge Ta oi ctia VO Dmh Mudi h-ong sach Cdc ddn tge a Viel Nam, lap 3, nhom ngdn ngir Mon-Kha me (Vuong Xuan Tmh chil bien, 2017); Biin dm hon nhdn eua ngudi Pa ed a huyen A Ludi linh Thira Thien Huevd mot so van di ddt (Le Thi Hudng, 2019); Cae cdng hinh tren chu ySu khao cini vS nhirng khia canh kmh te, xa hdi, van hda truySn thong va bien ddi ma chua quan tam dta thuc trang ngheo va giam ngheo Nguyen nhan cd tha to lieu ve ngheo va giam ngheo d ngudi Ta-oi it di, rien chua cd nghien cuu sau vg van dd ciia ngudi Ta-di ndi chung va ngudi Ta-di d Thira Thien Hue ndi rieng 1, Khai quat \\ xa Dong Son va ngtrdi Ta-oi ti^ xa Bong Son Ddng Son la xa dac biet khd khan thudc huyen A Ludi, tinh Thira Thien Hu6, each tmng tam huyen 32 kin v8 phia tay nam, phia dong giap xa Huong Lam, phia nam giap xa A Bdt, phia bic giap xa Huong Phimg, phia tay giap huyen Klum, tinh Sekong, Lao T8ng dien tich tu nhien 2.670 ha, dd: djt nong nghiep 1.867ha (rupng nudc 77ha, binh quan 490m',ngudi, dat rly trang cay luong thirc 15ha, dat trdng cay cdng nghiep hiing hda nliu keo, chudi, san la 1.775ha); dat lam nghiep 693ha; ddt phi nong nghiep 85,0ha; dit chua sir dung 20ha DBng Son la noi dat kho chit dpc hda hoc cua iVIy chien tranh, nen ngudi va dit dai chiu anh hudng nang na ctia chat dpc di-d-xin Trudc nam 2010, nang nghiep d Ddng Son vin la trpt luong thuc tu tuc tren riy kho va rudng nudc Tit niim 2011 den nay, ngudi dan chuyen dan sang trdng chudi, san, nhat la cay keo Hien nay, loai cay tren la ngudn thu nhap chinh cua ngudi dan ttong xa Trinh dp siin xuat cdn thap, lao dpng thu cdng, nen nang suat cay trdng thap, ddi sdng cdn khd khan Miic dp hudng thu eac dich vu xa hpi co ban cdn thap sp vdi cac xa khac huyen Cd ba dac diem ndi bat tac dpng va din den din ddi sdng cua ngudi Ta-oi d day lit diit dai xiiu, khd chuyen ddi vat nuoi, cay trang; co sd vat chat tang, nhat la dudng giao thdng yen kem; trinh san xuat cdn ban che La xa bien gidi, mat dp dan sd thap nen Ddng Son cd quy md dan cu nhd Nam 2018, xa co 395 hp, 1.571 ngudi, thupc hai dan tdc: Ta-oi 375 hp vdi 1.468 ngudi (gdm nhdm: Pa-cd 266 ho, 1.043 ngudi; Ta-di 109 ho, 425 ngudi) va Kinh 20 hp vdi 103 ngudi, cu tni nong ba thdn Ca Va, Loa Tavan va Tru Chai (Xem bang 1) Bdng 7: Dan so chia theo dan tpc ii ba thdn xa Ddng Sonn (2018) STT Lang Hp KhSu TS CaVa Loa Tavan Tm Chai 03 161 120 114 395 661 478 432 1,571 Chia Diin tdc Kinh uanjof Ta 61 Khau Hp Ho Khau 152 43 618 33 114 445 109 27 405 20 375 103 ~r46S Ngudn: UBND xa Dang Son (2018) Bang cho thSy, dan tdc tai chd Ta-di, hai nhdm Ta-di va Pa-eo chiem ty le 93% dan s6, dd: nhdm Pa-cd chigm ty le 71% va nhdm Ta-di chiem ty le 22%; dan tdc Kinh la thigu s6, chigm 7% d Ddng Son, thuc chit vin de ngheo va giam ngheo chi tap trung d dan tdc Ta-di Trong khang chien chdng My, Ddng Son la xa can cii each mang ngn cd nhigu thuong binh, liet sy va ngudi dugc hudng chg phuc lgi xa hdi Toan xa ed 11 liet sy chdng My, 18 thuong binh, 27 benh binh, 33 ngudi CO cdng vdi each mang, 84 ngudi dugc hudng trg cap xa hdi tan tat, cd nhi, chat dgc da cam, dgu la ngudi Ta-di Ngudi Ta-di d xa Ddng Son cd mdi quan he chat che vdi ddng tgc d bgn bien gidi Viet - Lao Trong truygn thdng, trdng trgt nuong ray la sinh ke chu dao, kgt hgp vdi lam vudn, chan nudi, nghg ihii cong, trao doi va khai thac ngudn lgi tu nhien, deu nham tu cap, ttr tuc Xa hdi Ta-oi noi day bao luu nhigu dau an cua xa hdi tien giai cap Theo dd, lang la don vi xa hdi eo ban nhat, Hdn nhan va gia dinh theo chg phu he Tinh cdng ddng lang cao nen van cdn tdn tai tu tudng phan phdi binh quan Cac gia tri van hda dae trung, tieu bieu gdm dan ea, dan nhae, dan vii, lg hdi va tm ngudng da than Ngudi Kinh cd mat d xa Ddng Son tir sau nam 1986, da phan cd ngudn gdc tir ddng bang tinh Quang Nam, luc dau chi cd vai hd di dan tu lam djch vu mua ban, ve sau tang Ign su gop mat cua mdt sd hd la hg hang, than nhan nhirng ngudi dgn trudc Ngoai lam dieh vu, ngudi Kinh cdn ket hgp lam ndng nghiep, cd trinh phat trign tu than cao hon ngudi Ta-oi, kinb tg, xa hdi, van hoa dgu dua trgn co sd san xuat rudng nudc Trai qua qua trinh chung sdng, ngudi Kinh va ngudi Ta-di da doan ket xay dung qug huong dg timg budc phat trign kinh te - xa hpi nhu Thuc trang ngheo va dac diem ngheo d' ngydi Ta-oi xa DQng Son 2.1 Tbicc trgng ngheo, gidm ngheo Ciing nhu ca nudc, cdng tac giam nghgo d ngudi Ta-di xa Ddng Son dugc trign khai tir thap nign cudi ciia the ky XX Do ban ehg vg tai lieu, bai vigt chi trinh bay kgt qua giam ngheo tai dia phuong thong qua dign bien ty le hd ngheo tir nam 2010 dgn nam 2018 Giai doan 2010 - 2015, ap dung chuan ngheo thu nliap 400 nghin ddng/ngudi/thang, ty le ho ngheo xa Ddng Son qua nam lin lugt la 48,0% (2011), 40,4% (2012), 28,2 (2013), 24,5% (2014), 22,0% (2015), mdi nam giam tir 3,5% den 5%, rieng nam 2013 giam dot bign gan 12% (UBND huygn A Ludi, 2017) Trong ba thdn, thdn Loa Tavan nam gan trung tam xa ngn cd tuu giam ngheo t6t hon, ty le hg ngheo nam 2013 giam 15% so vdi nam 2012, ty le hd ngheo nam 2015 giam 7% so vdi nam 2014 (UBND xa Ddng Son, 2016) Trudc nam 2015, chuan ngheo dua vao tieu chi thu nhap luong thuc hoac tign theo dau ngudi/thang, vdi lin thay d6i^ Nam 2016 - 2018, cdng tac xac dinh hd ngheo d xa Ddng Son dugc - Nam 1993 - 2000 la 15kg gao; nam 2001 - 2005 la 800.000 ddng; nam 2006 - 2010 la 200.000 d6ng, nam 2011 -2015 la 400 000 d3ng (tinh cho khu vuc nong thon miSn niii va hai dao) Bill VdnBgo^ trien khai dita theo chujn ngheo 2016 - 2020, gpi la chudn ngheo da c h i S u \ hay chufin "S"^° nhap kdt h p p vdi mite dp thiSu hut cac chi s8 tiSp can djch vu xa hpi CO ban, ttong hp ngheo u virc n a n g thdn, khdng phan biet ddng b J n g hay raiSn niii, la hd dap i m g mdt ttong hai tie" eW =™- ^, Cd thu nhap binh quan d k ngudi/thang n l 700 nghin ddng trd xudng; (2) Cd thu nhap binh quan au ngudi/thang tten 700 nghin dong dSn ttieu dBng va thieu hut tu chi sd ttong 10 chi so tiep ean cac dieh vu xa hpi c o ban trd len* A p dung chuan ngheo mdi, n a m 2016, ty le hp ngheo ciia xa la , eao gap hai lan so vdi ty le hd ngheo nam 2015 (22%) ( U B N D huyen A Ludi 2018) Nguyen o, ^ an tang dot ngdt la tieu chi va chudn ngheo tang len va tit d o n chiSu sang da chiSu' N a m 201 , ty e hp nghep ttong x a la , % , giam % so vdi nam 2016 N a m 2018, ty le hd nglieo xa la 38,0%, giam 5,5% so vdi nam 2017 ( U B N D huyen A L u d i 2018) Tdc dp giam hd ngheo d ngudi Ta-di nhanh hon so vdi ngudi Kinh Trpng nam 2011 - 2015, tdc dp giam ty le hp ngheo cua ngudi Ta-di qua timg nam d xa Ddng Son la 3,6% (2012), 11,8/o (2013), 3,7% (2014) va , % (2015) Trong dp, ngudi Kinh d th| trdn Klic Sanh la 1,2% (2012), 1,3% (2013), 0,6% (2014) va 0,5%/nam (2015) (Xem bang 2) Bdng 2: Ty 18 ho ngheo va tdc dd giam ngheo d xa B o n g Son va thi tran K h e Sanh giai doan 1 - STT Xa/ thi tran Nam Tyle ho ngheo % Ddng Son Khe Sanh 2011 Giam so voi niim trudc (%) Nam Tyle ho ngheo % 48,0 40,4 8,00 6,8 2012 Giam so vol nam truwc (%) N a m 2013 Giam Tylf so vol ho nam ngheo trud'c % 3,6 28,2 1,2 5,5 (%) Nam Tyle ho ngheo % 2014 Giiim so vdi nam tnid'c (%) N a m 2015 Tyle Giiiin hp so voi ngheo nam % tniol (%) 11,8 24,5 3,7 22,0 2,5 1,3 4,9 0,6 4,4 0,5 Nguon: Tinh toan tir Bdo cdo ket qud thuc Men cdng tdc gidm ngheo huyen A Lu&i giai doan 2011 - 2015 cua U B N D huyen A L u d i (2016) ^ Quyet dinh so 1614/QD-TTg, 15/9/2015 ciia Thii tirdng Chinh phu phe duyet Dg an t6ng thi Chuygn d6i tiep can lirdng ngheo tir don chieu sang da chieu ap dung cho giai doan 2016 - 2020, do, chuan ngheo gom hai tieu chi la ngheo thu nhap va ngheo thu nhap kgt hop vdi thigu hut tigp can cac dich vu xa hgi ca ban "' 10 chi so tiep can cac dich vu xa hpi ca ban la, (1) Trinh giao due cua ngudi ldn (ho gia dinh co it nhdt vien dii 15 tuoi sinh tir nam 1986 trd lai khong t6t nghiep tmng hoc ca sd va hien khong di hoc); (2) Tinh trang dl hoc cua tre em (hp gia dinh co it nhat tre em dp m6i - 14 tu6i hien khong di hoc); (3) Tigp can cac dich vu y te (hp gia dinh co ngudi bi 6m dau nhung khong di kham chiJa benh); (4) Bao hiem y tg (ho gia dinh CO vien tir tu6i Ud len hien tai kliong co bao higm y tg); (5) Chat luang nha d (ho gia dinh dang b Uong nha thieu kien c6 hoac nha don so); (6) Dien tich nha d binh quan dau ngudi (dien tich nha a binh quan dau ngudi cua hp gia dinh nho hon 8m^); (7) Ngudn nudc sinh hoat (bp gia dinh khong duoc tiep can ngugn nudc hgp ve sinh); (8) H6 xi/nha ve sinh (ho gia dinh khong su dung h6 xi/nha tieu hap ve sinh); (9) Sir dung dich vu viin thong (hp gia dinh khong c6 vien nao sir dung thue bao di?n thoai va intemet) (]0) Tai san phuc vu tigp can thon^ tin (ho gia dinli khong c6 tai san nao so cac tai san: T m , dai, m >\ vi tinh; va khong nghe dugc he thong loa dai tmyen xa/thon) \ Mpt mat chuan ngheo thu nhap tang tit 400 nghin d6ng/ngudi thang len 700 nghin dong/rgiiu /Uiang, mat khac, ngoai chu^n ngheo theo thu nhap chu^n ngheo kgt hgp thu nhap vai muc dp diieu hui ? ''" ''^''° chung toan huyen A Luoi (25,2%), cao gjp hon ISn so vtii ty le ho ngheo cila thi ttan Khe Sanh (6,8%) noi dan cu chti yen la nguoi Kinh, ciing cao gip 1,3 Un so vtJi ty le ho ngheo chung cua 20 xa nong thon lai huyen A Lutji (34,0%) S6 lugng 170 hg ngheo/375 ho ngutri Ta-oi tuong ting voi ty le hg ngheo dan tgc Ta-oi xa 45,3%, la ty le hg ngheo cao gip lan ty le hg ng eo ciia 20 hg ngucri Kinh Uong xa (10%), cao gip gin lin so voi ty le hg ngheo cua ngu* Kinh a th| trin Khe Sanh (6,3%), cao gjp 1,5 lin ty le hg ngheo dan tgc thiiu s6 (DTTS) tinh Thira Thien Hue cung nam (29%) (Ban Dan tgc tinh Thita Thien Hui, 2018)' S6 lugng 170 hg ngheo ngum Ta-ot /172 hg ngheo toan xa cung tuong img voi ty le 99% hg ngheo Uong xa, ty le hg dan tgc Ta-o^ chiim 94% ting s6 hg tren dia ban Ty le hg ngheo 43,5% phan anh mirc ngheo ctia ngum Ta-ot xa Dong Son birc ttanh ngheo chung cua nguoi Ta-oi huyen A Lirtii Theo so lieu thong ke, nam 2017, Dong Son la mgt xa co ty le hg ngheo tren 40% (Dong Son 43,5%, Hong That 47%, Hong Tmng 49% va H6ng Van 43%) (UNND huyen A Luoi, 2018) Dang luu y la xa tten deu nam a bien gim Viet - Lag Nhin rgng hon, 10 xa nim a bien gioi Viet - Lao huyen ciing la 10 xa co ty lehg ngheo cao 21 xia/thi ttin ctia huyen (Xem bang 4) Bang 4: So ho ngheo va ty le hg ngheo tai 21 xa/thi trin huy6n A Lu-tSi nam 2017 TT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Don vi Thi ttan A Lucri Huong Nguyen Hong Ha A Roang A Dot Hucmg Liim Dong Stm Huong Phong Phu Vinh Stm Thuy A Ngo Hong Thugng Hong Thai Nhiim Hong Quang Hong Bac DTTS 2018 2018 Tong so hg Tong so khau T6ng s6 h6 2212 343 454 672 643 568 382 198 364 808 887 757 322 570 629 562 8.080 1.369 1.857 2.811 2.484 2.232 1.494 565 1.164 3.097 3.542 2.788 1.182 348 2.263 2.272 829 323 420 664 628 492 369 18 140 786 648 316 567 618 553 Tflng so khau 2.567 1.305 1.675 2.779 2.458 1.923 1.465 44 490 J 12 3.206 2.332 1.156 2.334 2.224 2.241 Ho ngheo va ty le ho ngheo nam 2017 So ho Tyle 130 111 103 198 222 104 171 14 27 125 140 148 209 232 151 6,03 33,33 23,25 30,28 34,96 18,57 45,36 1,03 3,85 3,42 14,33 18,87 47,13 38,07 37,72 27,91 ' Theo k6t qua soat ho ngheo, hg can ngheo tai Thira Thien Hue, den t ii nam 2017, loan iir 17.662 li6 ngheo, ciiigni ty le 5,98% •, -,, ' Theo bao cao ciia Ban Dan toe tinh Thira Thien Hue, nam 2017, w™ nnh co 13.559 hg dan loc i.„eu ^6 ttong incu uau i;ao una oan uan [OC anil iiiua iin^-u i>"-i _, •; ho ngheo la 3.893 ho, nrong img ty le ho ngheo dan toe thieu so Tgp chiDdn tdc hoc so' 1-2020 17 Hong Kim 18 Bac Son 19 Hgng Trung "Sji Hong Van 21 Hong Thiiy Cong 55 539 309 577 839 813 13,448 2.041 1.262 2.117 3.189 3.241 51,398 523 307 565 772 807 10,345 1.973 1.245 2.081 3.115 3.223 39,848 212 114 277 342 246 3,278 39,70 37,25 49,29 43,07 31,38 24,99 Nguon: UBND huyen A Ludi (2018) - Ve muc dp ngheo chia theo ngheo thu nhdp vd ngheo da chieu: Qua khao sat 172 hd ngheo toan xa, cd 156 hd ngheo thu nhap thap (tir 700 nghin ddng trd xudng/ngudi/thang), do: dan tpc Ta-di 154 hd, chiem 98,7%; dan tpc Kinh 02 hp, chigm 1,3% (trong ty le dan tdc Kinh d xa la 10%) Cd 16 hd ngheo da chigu, toan bd la ngudi Ta-di Trong 154 hd ngheo thu nhap ngudi Ta-oi, CO 143 hd vua nghgo thu nhap vira ngheo thieu hut it nhat chi sd tiep can cae djch vu xa hpi co ban, chiem 90% tdng sd hp nghgo thu nhap, cho thay cimg dieu kien tu nhign nhu nhung d ngudi Kinh ehi ed hd ngheo thu nhap ma khdng cd hd ngheo da chieu, cdn d ngudi Ta-di tdn tai ca ngheo thu nhap va ngheo da chigu, phan anh tinh trang tam goi la "nghgo kep" dang dign d da s6 cac hd ngheo ngudi Ta-di xa - Ve ngheo da chieu thieu hut cdc dich vu xd hpi ca bdn: Theo bang 2, toan xa cd 16 hd ngheo da chigu, dgu la ngudi Ta-di, dd: lang Ca Va cd hd, lang Loa Tavan cd hd va lang Tm Chai cd hd Khao sat thuc trang thigu hut tiep can cac dieh vu xa hdi co ban cua 16 hp nghgo da chieu ngudi Ta-oi d day eho kgt qua: 10 chi sd tiep can eac dich vu xa hpi co ban, chi sd thigu hut nhigu nh4t la nudc sinh boat (16/16, 100%), hd xi/nha tigu hpp ve sinh (16/16, 100%), giao due cua ngudi ldn (14/16, 87,5%), chdt lupng nha d (15/16, 94%) va dien tieh nha d (12/16, 75%) Day dang la nhirng van dg ndi com can cai thien d ngudi Ta-di xa Ddng Son, ddng nghia chi sd tigp can cac dich vu xa hdi eo ban cdn lai, gdm tinh trang di hpc cita tre em, dich vu y tg, bao higm y tg, sir dung dich vu viin thong va tai san phuc vu tigp can thdng tin tai dia ban nghien cim da duac cai thien va tuong ddi tdt Thuc trang ngheo da chigu ndi tren phu hgp va phan anh miie dp ngheo eiing nhu muc dp thigu hut 10 ehi so tiep can eac djch vu xa hpi eo ban cua hd ngheo huyen A Ludi Nam 2017, 21 xa, thi tran cua huyen, cd 17 xa ngheo, vdi xa ed ty le hd ngheo tren 40% Nhung chi sd tigp can cae dich vu xa hpi eo ban cua hd ngheo cd ty le thieu hut eao bao gdm: Chat lupng nha d (55%), dien tich nha d (61%), ngudn nude sinh hoat (64%), ho xi, nha tieu hpp ve sinh (80,5%) (UBND huyen A Ludi, 2018) Mdt so van de flat 3.1 Nguyen nhan ngheo Xir ly sd lieu dieu tra tir 50 hd ngheo (30 hd d lang Ca Va, 20 hd d lang Loa Tavan), kgt hgp phan tich tu lieu phdng vdn sau, thao luan nhdm tai hai lang cho thSy, dan dgn ngheo va ty le hd ngheo cao d ngudi Ta-di tai digm nghign cim cd hai nhdm nguygn nhan chinli: 56 BuiJanBgo^ - Nhdm nguyen nhdn chung, gom nguyen nhdn: (1) Thigu vdn san xufit (39 lip, 78%); (2) " dat san xuit (17 ho, 34%); (3) Thigu edng cu san xudt mdi (32 hd, 64%); (4) Thigu lao dong (9 hP-' ^ '•^' (5) Thigu viec lam (10 hd, 20%); (6) Tliigu kign thiic san xu§t mdi (22 hp 44%); 0) ^""^ ^'^" (9hd,18%) - Nhdm nguyen nhdn dgc thii, gom nguyen nhdn: (1) Ddt dai xau va bac mau, kho chuyen ^oi vat nudi, cay trdng; (2) Dia hinh d6c, higm trd, giao thdng di lai khd khan; (3) Trinh san xuat thap, ehii ygu lao ddng thii cdng; (4) Luc can eua van hda va phong tuc tap quan truyen thong, bao gom thdi quen lam nuong ray, chi tieu lang phi, thigu ke hoach, tam ly binh quan nguyen thuy hudng thu, phan phdi va tam ly trdng chd, y lai vao rung 3.2 Mpt s6 tie ddng ciia ngheo doi dinondinh va phat triin ben virng kuib te - xa bpj Ngheo ddi va thigu dk san xuit din dgn tinh trang ngudi Ta-di xa vupt bien sang Lao xam canh dk san xudt dudi hinh thiic thug mudn ddt rimg eiia than nhan, ddng tdc Dcm cir tai lang Ca Va, so hd sang Lao xam eanh dat san xudt tang ddn nhfmg nam gan day, tir hd nam 2015 Ign hd nam 2016, 13 hp nam 2017 va 18 hd nam 2018 Viec xam canh tigm an nhirng hau qua khdng mong mudn vg quan he ngoai giao va an ninli chmh tri, an ninh qude phdng giira hai bgn bign gidi va giiia hai quoc gia Nghgo bign va ty le hd ngheo ddi cao d ngudi Ta-di tac ddng khdng tdt ddn quan he dan tdc giira ngudi Ta-di vdi ngudi Kinh va vdi qudc gia dan tpc, Trong ngudi Kinh dang d ngudng cua ciia miie sdng an ngon mac dep thi ngudi Ta-di vSn luan qudn miic sdng ngheo ddi Do la vung khang chign ngn da va dang tiem dn Uong mdt bd phan ngudi dan tam Iy suy giam long tin voi chinh saeh dan tdc cua Dang va Nha nudc Ddi ngheo va ddi sdng klid khan tae ddng tigu cue den mdi trudng sinh thai, true tiep la den tai nguygn rimg Theo bao eao eua UBND xa, tinh trang rimg can kiet tai xa bien gidi Ddng Son hien cd nhigu nguygn nhan, song nguygn nhan quan trpng la ngudi dan khai thac trai pbep de lay dat san xuat nhigu thap nien qua Ddng Son la xa bign gidi, ddi ngheo phd bign vdi ty le hd ngheo cao d ngudi Ta-di xa va d 10 xa bien gidi huyen A Ludi phan anh tinh trang eham phat trign cua eac xa bign gidi d khu virc mien niii tay duygn hai mien Trung Giam ngheo dang la yeu cau cap thigt d dja ban dat boi canh can cung co phat trign kinh te - xa hdi vung bien gidi ca nudc hien 3.3 Mpt so de xuat nhu Id gpiy cho gidi phdp gidm ngheo ben vihig Muc tigu lau dai cua giam ngheo d ngudi Ta-oi la nhanh ehdng giam ty le hp ngheo va giara ehgnh lech ty ie ngheo giira ngudi Ta-oi vdi ngudi Kuih Dg giam nghgo hieu qua va bgn viing cho ngudi Ta-oi d xa Ddng Son cung nhu d cac dia ban co cimg dieu kien, can thuc hien nhigu giai phap ddng bp, chii y mdt so giai phap co tinh dac thu tai dia phuong - Thic nhat, xac dinh va dinh hudng cho ngudi dan he cay trdng, vat nudi phii l-.t^p va hieu qua vdi dac diem hr nhien va ngudi tai ch6, khde phue tinh trang san xuat cam tinli va irong chd vao cay keo, cay chudi, cay sdn vdi ddu khdng cao ma cdn rui ro, bap bgnh nhu hien gp chi Ddn lpc hpc sP' - 2020 - Thie hai, ddy manh xay dung co sd vat chat tang, nhat la phat trien giao thdng thdn, hgn thon va lien xa theo Chuong Uinh Xay dung ndng thdn mdi 2016 - 2020 - Thie ba, cd chinh saeh dot pha de phat trien ngudn lao ddng dan tdc chat luong cao, dac biet ehu y dao tao nghg va md rdng nganh nghg, uu tign nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep - Thie tie, day manh tuyen truygn, giao due de timg bude xda bd cae luc can giam nghgo ve tam ly binh quan, tinh trang chi tieu lang phi, thieu ke hoach chi tigu tang ma, cudi xin, Ig hdi, phat trien kinh te thj tnrdng de xay dung tu gan vdi ea che thi trudng cho ngudi dan Ket lu^n D6ng Son la xa bien gidi giap Cdng hda dan chu Nhan dan Lao, noi ngu'di Ta-di chigm s6 ddng Du kgt qua giam ngheo la an hrpng, nhung gan 10 nam qua, Ddng Son vdn la xa cd ty le hd nghgo cao so vdi ty Ie hp ngheo cua ngudi Kinh va ngudi Ta-di cac xa huyen A Ludi, ttnh Thira Thign Hug, Dae digm nghgo da chigu d ngudi Ta-di la khdng chi ngheo ve thu nhap ma edn ngheo vg tigp can cac dieh vu xa hpi CO ban, do, tdn tai tinh trang ngheo kep, tu'c ngheo thu nhap ddng thdi vdi ngheo da eliigu Cac chi sd dich vu xa hpi ca ban phan anh ngheo da chigu dang thigu hut tram la ngudn nude sinh hoat, hd xi/nha tigu hpp ve sinh, trinh dp giao due ciia ngudi ldn, chat lupng nlia d va dien tich nha d Ngoai eae nguygn nhan dan den ngheo chung, cd nhiing nguyen nhan ngheo dae thii vg digu kien tu nhign va ngudi Giam ngheo d ngirdi Ta-di xa Ddng Son da va dang la ygu cau cap thigt nhihig tae ddng nhigu mat va khdng mong mudn ciia ngheo, Vi vay, can thuc hien nhigu giai phap dong bo, ehii y mdt sd giai phap cd tinh dac thii nhu chuygn ddi vat nudi cay trdng, phat trign giao thong ndng thdn, phat trien ngudn lao ddng ehat lupng eao va tuyen truygn van dong dg han chg cac lire can giam ngheo vg van hda, phong tuc Tai lieu tham khao Ban Dan tdc tinh Thira Thien Hue (2018), Bdo cdo chuyen de Thuc Men chinh sdch ddn tpc o tinh Thica Thien Hue vd mpt so vdn de ddt Men Ban Dan tpc tinh Thira Thign Hug (2018), Bdo cdo kit qua gidm sdt Mnh gid Chicang trinh muc Ueu quoc gia gidm ngheo tgi vitng ddn tpc thieu sd tinh Thica Thien Hue ndm 2018 Nguygn Trudng Giang (2016), G/if cU, them m&i, ldm tdi sdn cho chdu, Chuyen khdo Ddn lpc hpc - Nhdn hpc ve ngu&i Td di a huyen A Lu&i, tinh Thica Thien Hue, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia, Ha Npi Nguygn Xuan Hdng (1998), Hdn nhdn, gia dinh, ma chay cita ngudi Td di, Ca tu, Bru- Vdn Kieu & Qudng Tri - Thica Thien Hue, Nxb Van hda Thdng tin Quang Tri Lg Thi Hudng (2019), "Bien doi hdn nhan cua ngudi Pa ed d huygn A Ludi, tinh Thira Thign Hue vamptso vdn dgdatra", Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc, Sd 3, tr 61-70 Quyet dinh sd 59/2015/QD-TTg 19/11/2015 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu Ve viec ban hdnh chudn ngheo tiep can da chieu dp dung cho giai doan 2016 - 2020 Hoang Son (Chu bign, 2007), Ngu&i Td oi & Thira Thien Hue, Nxb Van hda dan tdc Ha Ndi 8 Nguyen HOn Thiu (1976), "Vai net vi quan he hon nhan gia dmh cua ngum l Ka m", Tgp chi Bdn toe hoc, S6 1, tt 80-87 UBND huyen A Luoi (2016), Bdo cdo kit qud Ihuc Men cdng lae gidm ngheo huyln A Lu-ai giai dogn 2011 - 2015 10 UBND huyen A Luoi (2018), Bdo ego kit qud Ihirc hien edng Idc gidm ngheo huyen ^ Lirai nam 2016-2018 11 UBND xii Dong Son (2016), Bdo cdo ldng kit ndm cdng tdc gidm ngheo xa Bdng San 2011- 2015 12 UBND xa Dong Son (2018), a