Nghi§n ci2u Gia d i n h va G i i sg 2019 Bao ve tr§ em bj bao hdnh: So sdnh cdc quy fljnh phdp luat ciia Viei Nam vd fixbdylla Dd Lan Phircmg Dgi hgc Deakin, Cjxtrdylia Tom t i t : Tren ca sd phan tich cdc quy djnh phap lu§t trd em cda Vift Nam va Oxtraylia, bai vilt da so sdnh cac quy djnh cua Ludt Trd em 2016 va van b4n phap lu^t ciia Vi?t Nam va phap ludt bdo v$ tri em cua Oxtraylia d hai nOi dung: nghla vy cung cap thong tin vl b^o lye trd em va vai tro, trach nhi?m cda ngudi lam cong tac bdo v$ trd em tgi dja phuong, tii de xu4t mpt sl nOi dung nhSm nang cao hi|u qud thyc hi^n Ludt trd em 2016 Vi§t Nam Tir khda: Tr^ em; Ludt phap vl trd em; B ^ v$ trd em; Lu$t trd em Vi^ Nam 2016; Phap lu^t Oxtraylia Ngay nhgn bai: 9/7/2018; r^dy chinh sua: 14/8/2018; duy^t dang: 7/1/2019 1.D$tv^nd4 Lugt Trd em dd dugc QuIc hgi Khda XIII thdng qua vdo ngdy 5/4/2016 vd cd hipu lye ke td ngdy 1/6/2017 Vdi tong cgng chuong, 106 dieu, Lugt Trd em 2016 bao gom nhilu ngi dung mdi nhdm the che hda cae chu truong ciia Ddng, Nhd nude ve bdo vp, chdm sdc vd giao dye tre em tinh hinh mdi, dong thdi ghi nhgn day dii cdc quyIn cua trd em trdn co sd Hiin phap ndm 2013 va Cdng udc cua Lien hgp quoc ve quyen tre em ndm 1989 Mgt nhihig ngi dung mdi ciia Lugt Tre em 2016 Id quy dinh vl ba cap dp bdo vO trd em (BVTE), bao gom phdng ngira, ho trg vd can thipp danh cho cdc nhdm trd em cd hodn canh ddc bipt 76 Nghidn cihi Gla dinh vd Gldl Quy6n 29, s l 1, tr 75-83 Theo bdo eao eua Tong eye Thong ke Vift Nam ndm 2014, 68,4% trd em td 1-14 tuoi phai chju it nhat mOt lan bgo hdnh vl tdm ly hodc the xac bdi cac vien gia dinh M ^ dd chua cd so lipu dieu tra ve cae hinh thdc xd phgt trd em ngodi phgm vi gia dinh (nhu tgi cac co sd giao dye, trdng gid trd), bdo eao cua Ting eye Thong ke cung phdn dnh tinh trgng ngudi chdm sdc trd em thudng xuydn kit hgp bi^n phdp xd phgt vdi ddng CO muon kiem soat hdnh vi cda trd bdng mgi cdch cd the Trong 58,2% trd em tdng chiu dp Iyc tam ly thi cd khoang 42,7% chju bgo hdnh ve tbi xdc, dd 2,1% tre em timg bj bgo hdnh dudi cac hinh thdc nghiem trpng (ddnh tre vao dau, tai ho$c m§t, hodc ddnh trd th$t mgnh vd Igp di lap lai) (Tong cue Thong ke, 2014:224) Cac hgc gia da ndu bon nguyen nhdn dan tdi tinh trgng bgo hanh tre em d nude ta, chu yiu tit phia cha, mp vd ngudi chdm sdc trd (Emery R Clifton, Nguyen Hdi Trung vd Jaeyop Kim, 2014) Thu nhat, cha, mp bj cdng thdng tam ly, lo Idng vl kinh tl gia dinh, cd van de ve sue khde vd khdng dugc gia dinh, hg hang va ban be giiip dd Thd hai, ngudi chdm sdc tre em thieu thdng tin, hilu biet vl quyen dugc chdm sdc, gido dye cua trd em; cha, mp cd Idng ty trgng vd ty tin thap, cd ky vgng khdng thyc t l vd thieu ky ndng lam cha mp Thu ba, cha, mp vd ngudi chdm sdc tre nghipn rugu, ma hodc Igm dyng chat gdy nghipn Thu tu, cha, mp vd ngudi chdm sdc tre la ngn nhan bgo lye td cdn nhd, dd quen vdi bgo lye gia dinh nen tiep tyc cd hanh dgng xd phat tam ly ho^c bgo hdnh thi xdc dii vdi edi vd th|im chi la doi vdi cd tre em khde cOng dong Tgi Oxtraylia, nhihig nhan to tren day ciing Id nguydn nhan p h i biln gay bgo hanh trd em Tuy nhien, ty lp tre em cd dau hipu bj xam hgi chi chilm khoang 4,2% tong so khoang 4.4 tripu tre em Oxtraylia Trong ty lp ndy d cdc tieu bang tdng len hai ndm 2015 vd 2016, bang Queensland cd ty lp vy vipc gidm 13,1% nhd hoan thipn cdc quy djnh phap lugt vl BVTE va cai each quy hinh tiep nhgn, xd ly thdng tin vl an toan trd em (Vipn Sdc khde va Phiic lgi xd hgi Oxtrdylia, 2017) Trong phgm vi bai vilt se tiln hdnh phan tich eac quy djnh ciia Lugt Trd em 2016, Nghj djnh 56/20I7/NDCP quy djnh chi tilt mOt s l dieu ciia Lugt Trd em Chinh phii ban hanh 9/5/2017 va cd so sanh vdi phdp lugt BVTE ciia 6xbraylia, diin hinh la lugt BVTE ciia bang Queensland, td dl xuat mgt so ngi dung nhdm nang eao hipu qua thyc hipn Lugt trd em 2016 d Vipt Nam Phdp lu$t bdo v$ trd em bj b^o hdnh 2.1 Cor sd phap lugt quoc te Ngay sau Cdng udc Lien Hipp quoc ve quyen tre em dugc Dgi Hgi dong Lien Hipp Quoc thdng qua ndm 1989, Vipt Nam vd Oxtraylia Id hai Bi Lan Phutmg 77 so nhimg quoc gia dau tidn trdn the gidi phe chuan vd cam ket thyc hipn Cdng udc Dilu 19 (1) cua Cdng udc quy djnh nghTa vy BVTE cua cdc quoe gia vidn nhu sau: "Cdc quoc gia vien phdi thyc hipn tat cd cac bidn phap lap phdp, hdnh chinh, xd hOi va giao dye thieh hgp de BVTE khdi tit ca cac hinh thdc bgo hdnh vl thi chat hodc tinh than, bi thuang ton hay Igm dyng, bj bd mdc hodc nhdng vipc chdm sdc, bj ngugc dai hodc bdc Igt, gom cd Igm dung tinh dye tre em van ndm vdng chdm sdc ciia cha, mp bode cd cha lan mp, mdt hay nhieu ngudi giam hg phap ly, ho§e ciia bdt ky ngudi ndo khac dugc giao vipc chdm sdc trd em" Dong thdi, Cdng udc cung ydu cau cac quIc gia thdnh vidn phdi dp dyng nhimg bipn phdp BVTE, nhu theo Dilu 19 (2) gom cac chuang trinh xd hdi dl phdng ngira, phdt hipn, ho trg, eung cap thdng tin, bao cdo, dilu tra, dieu tri, can thipp doi vdi tre em bi xam hai hodc cd nguy co bj xam hgi, va cd sy tham gia ciia hp thong tu phdp Hon the nda, Dilu 39 cua Cdng udc neu cdc yeu eau vl phye hoi the chit, tdm ly va tai hda nhgp xa hdi ddnh cho trd em bj xdm hgi (Cdng udc eua Lien Hipp quoe vl quyIn tre em, 1989) 2.2 Bao vp tre em bj bgo hdnh d Vift Nam theo Lu$t Tre em 2016 Dinh nghTa vd bgo lye tre em dugc quy djnh tgi khodn 6, Dilu 4, Lugt Tre em 2016: "Bgo luc tre em la hanh vi hdnh hg, ngugc dai, danh dgp; xam hai than the, sire khde; Idng mg, xdc phgm danh dy, nhan pham; cd Igp, xua dudi va cac hdnh vi cd y khac gay ton hgi ve the chat, tinh than cua trd em" Ba cap bao v§ trd em ndi chung va trd em cd nguy co bi bgo lye ndi ridng bao gom: phdng ngira, ho trg va can thipp Tgi cap phdng ngda, cdc bi^n phdp bdo vp dugc dp dyng vdi cgng dong, gia dinh vd tat ca tre em nhdm nang cao nh^n thdc, trang bj kiln thdc, xay dyng mdi trudng song an toan, lanh mgnh cho tre em va giam thilu nguy CO trd em hi bgo Iyc (Dieu 48) Tai cap ho trg vd can thipp, co quan, to chuc, CO sd giao dye, gia dinh va ca nhan cd trach nhipm thdng bdo, to gidc hdnh vi bao hdnh din co quan lao dgng - thuong binh yd xa hdi, co quan cdng an cde cap, Uy ban nhan dan cap xd hope Tong ddi dipn thogi quoc gia vl BVTE (Dilu 51 Lugt Trd em 2016) Theo Nghi dinh 56/2017/ND-CP cd quy dinh sau tiep nhgn thdng tin, Oy ban nhdn dan (UBND) cap xd danh gid nguy co ban dau va mdc dg tin hgi eiia trd em bj bgo lye Neu trd em dugc xdc dinh ed nguy co bode dang bi ton hgi nghiem trpng vl tinh mang, sue khde, nhan pham thi vdng 12 gid td nhdn thdng tin, Chu tjch UBND cap xd, co quan, to chuc, cd nhan cd thIm quyen phdi dp dyng cdc bipn phap can thipp khan cap ho$e tgm thdi cdch ly tre em khdi mdi trudng ho§c ngudi gay ton hgi 78 Nghidn ciru Gla dinh vd Gldl QuyIn 29, s , tr 75-83 cho trd em (Dieu 26, 31 vd 32 cua Nghj djnh) Tiep theo, tren co sd xdc djnh nhu cau ciia trd bj bgo hdnh, ngudi Idm cdng tac BVTE cap xd xay dyng vd trinh Chii tjch UBND cap xd phd duypt kl hogeh ho trg, can thipp (Dilu 27 vd 28 ciia Nghj djnh) Sau dd, ngudi lam cdng tac BVTE chju trach nhipm chu tri, phoi hgp cac djch vy, co sd kham, chua b^nh, co sd giao dye dl ciing thyc hi^n vd rd soat kit qud thyc hipn kl hogeh Dya tren danh gia tinh trang cua trd em vd mdc dO an toan cua mdi trudng trd dang sinh song, ngudi ldm cdng tac BVTE trinh Chu tjch UBND cap xd quyet dinh vl vipc kit thiic hodc tiep tyc kl hogeh ho trg, can thipp doi vdi tre em (Dieu 29 vd 30 eua Nghj djnb) 2.3 Phap lugt Oxtraylia ve bao v | tre em bj bgo hdnh An todn trd em tgi bang Queensland dugc thyc hipn theo quy dinh cua Lu§t Bdo vO Tre em Quoe hgi thdng qua ngdy 18/3/1999 vd sau sua doi dong ede ndm 2008, 2014 vd 2016 (Lugt Bdo vp Trd em 1999), vd dugc giao cho ca quan chii quan la Sd Djch vy Cgng dong An todn tre em vd Khuyet tat Cac Trung tam Djch vu An toan tre em dugc thdnh Igp dl thyc hipn ba cap phdng ngira va can thipp sdm, bao gom: phdng ngiia so cap gom cdc dich vy tong the cho cgng dong), phdng ngira thd cap gom chuang trinh tdc dpng vao nguy co nii ro doi vdi tre em, thilu nien va gia dinh), vd eac dich vy can thiOp chuyen sau danh rieng cho tre em, thieu nidn vd gia dinh tilm an nhiitig nguy co nii ro cao Theo Luat Bao vp Trd em 1999 tgi bang Queensland, cd nghi ngd ve nguy CO trd em bj bgo hdnh, tat ca mgi ca nhan can cung cap thdng tin cho cdc Trung tdm Djch vy An todn trd em tgi dja phuong ho^e ggi dipn cho Tong ddi Dich vy An todn tre em (Dieu 13) Sau tilp nhgn thdng tin, can bO BVTE tgi dia phuang cd nghTa vy xdc minh tin bdo dl lam ro ba nOi dung chfnh: cd hay khdng cd tre em cd nguy co, hode dang bi, hode dd bi bgo hanh; lipu tre em dd bj ton hgi ve thi chat vd tinh thin hay chua; va, trd em cd hay khdng ed cha, mp hodc ngudi chdm sdc ma hg cd the vd sdn sang thyc hien cdc bipn phdp BVTE Trong qud trinh xac minh thdng tin, cdn bp BVTE phai thdng bdo cho co quan cdnh sat dia phuang nlu nhgn thay cd dau hipu hanh vi vi phgm hinh sy (chdng hgn, trd em bj bgo hdnh nghidm trgng) va bdt dau danh gia mdi trudng song cua tre dya tren cac chi so nguy hai (Dilu 14) N I U cha, mp ho§c ngudi gidm hg khdng phai Id nhihig doi tugng thyc hi^n hanh vi bgo lye ho$c gay nguy co rui ro dii vdi trd, cdn bg BVTE sS tilp tyc ddnh gid, Igp ke hogeh an todn cho trd, dp dyng cac bipn phdp can thipp tgi gia dinh, cpng dong de ciing thyc hipn vdi cha, mp, ngudi gidm hg, cac co sd cung cap djch vy chdm sdc vd gido dye tgi dia phuang (Dieu 51ZB va 51ZC) D6 Lan Phutrag 79 Ben cgnh do, nlu qua trinh ddnh gia can phdi keo ddi, cdn bg BVTE sd phoi hgp vdi cdnh sdt dia phuang xin Lpnh Dilu tra ciia Tda dn, cho phdp keo dai thdi gian dilu tra vy vipc td tdi tuan va cd the dp dyng mdt s l bipn phap khan cap tgm thdi nhdm dam bao an toan ciia trd em, bao gdm: tgm thdi cdch ly trd khdi cha, mp hodc ngudi giam hg, tgm thdi ehuyen trd sang mOt co sd ho$c gia dinh chdm sdc thay thi, thyc hipn giam djnh y khoa hogc tien hdnh phau thugt, chdm sdc y t l doi vdi nhihig ton hgi the chat vd tinh than cua trd (td Dilu 16 tdi Dilu 49) Sau kit thiic dilu ha, neu ket qud ddnh gia cho thay cha, mp ho^c ngudi gidm hg khdng thi chdm sdc va dam bdo an todn cho trd tgi gia dinh, va nhihig ngudi ndy khdng sdn sang phoi hqqj vdi ea quan vd can bg BVTE cd nghTa vy bdo cdo Giam doc To tyng thugc Sd Tu phap Tiep theo, Sd Tu phdp se xem xet vd ban hanh lOnh vl BVTE thdi gian ngdn hgn la ndm ho§c kdo ddi tdi tre em du 18 tuoi Bin logi l^nb co quan to tyng ban hanh bao gom: Lpnh bdo vp tryc tilp (bat budc nghTa vy eiia cha, mp bode ngudi giam hd), lpnh gidm sat (cho phep cdn bp giam sdt thudng xuyen vipc chdm sdc cua cha, mp dii vdi trd), lpnh chdm sdc vd nudi dudng (chi djnh co quan an toan trd em ho^c mgt thdnh vien khde gia dinh thyc hipn chdm sdc vd nudi dudng trd hdng ngdy), vd lpnh gidm hg (chi djnh co quan an todn trd em, hodc mdt thdnh vien khac gia dinh, hodc mgt ngudi khac trd ngudi gidm hg cua trd) (tu Dieu 62 tdi Dieu 67) 2.4 So sanh mgt so ngi dung giira Lugt Trd em 2016 ciia Vi^t Nam vd phap lugt ve bao vp tre em tnrdc nguy co h\ bgo hanh cua Oxtraylia Tha nhdt, ve nghTa vu cung cdp thong tin vi bgo luc tre em a Viet Nam, Lugt Trd em 2016 quy dinh trach nhipm chung doi vdi tdt cd cdc co quan, to chiic, CO sd gido dye, gia dinh vd ca nhan tgi khodn I, Dieu 51 Quy dinh dugc nhdc lgi tgi khoan 1, Dieu 25 ciia Nghj djnh 56/2017/ND-CP, nhung chua bao gom cac ngi dung vl rang bugc trach nhipm hodc chl tai xu phgt doi vdi nhimg ca nhan, t l chdc phdt hipn hodc cd nghi ngd vl bgo hanh tre em nhung khdng thdng bdo cho co quan lao dOng - thuang binh vd xd hOi, CO quan cdng an cdc cap, UBND cap xa hodc Tong ddi dipn thogi quoc giave vu vipc Khac vdi Vipt Nam, cac quy dinh cua Oxtrdylia ve trach nhipm bdo cao vy vipc bgo hanh tre em dugc dac bipt nhan mgnh nghTa vy phap ly cua nhihig ngudi lam vipc ITnh vyc bdo vp vd chdm sdc trd em Cy thi, theo phdp lugt eiia bang Queensland, nghTa vy cung cap thdng tin vl dau hipu trd em bj bgo lye hodc cd nguy co bj bgo hanh Id bdt bugc doi vdi nhan vien thugc 10 nhdm ngdnh nghe, bao gom: bdc sT, y td, gido vidn (Dieu 13E), cdnh sat (Lugt Qudn ly nghipp vy Cdnh sdt 1990), ngudi bao V? quyIn vd lgi ich ciia tre em (Lu§t Gidm hg cdng 2014), can bO an toan 80 Nghidn cdu Gla dinh vd Gldl Quy6n 29, s l 1, tr 75-83 tre em (thugc Sd Djch vy Cgng ding An todn trd em vd Khuylt tdt), cdn bg chdm sdc tre em (thuOc Uy ban vl Trd em, Thanh thilu nidn va Gidm hO trd em) (Dilu 13F, Ludt Bao v^ Tre em 1999), nhan vien chdm sdc vd giao dye mam non (Lugt Bdo vp Tre em sda doi 2016, Queensland) vd nhan vien lam vipc cac trudng hgc vd co sd gido dye (cde Dieu 364, 365, 366, Lugt Gido dye 2006) Tgi cap chinh quyen lien bang, Lugt Gia dinh 1975 cua Oxtraylia quy djnh nhan vien thugc Tod dn Lidn bang vd Tod dn Gia dinh phai bao cdo nhdng nghi ngd ve bgo hdnh trd em Nhdng ngudi ed nghTa vy phap ly ndy bao gom: cong chdng vidn, nhdn vien tu van cdc van dl gia dinh, can bO giai quyet cdc tranh chap gia dinh, trgng tai vien va lugt su dgi dipn cho quyen lgi ciia trd em M^t khdc, che tai xd phgt doi vdi nhiitig ngudi khdng cung cap thong tin ciing dugc quy djnh phdp luat ve tre em cua cae tilu bang va viing Idnh tho tai Oxtraylia Vi dy, tgi vung lanh tho phia Bdc, Dilu 26 (Lugt Bdo vp vd Chdm sdc Trd em 2007) quy dinh ngudi phdt hipn, cd thdng tin bode cd nghi ngd ve bgo hdnh trd em md khdng thdng bao kip thdi cho dan vi canh sdt thi cd thi bj xu phgt tdi mdc toi da Nhu vgy, khuon kho phdp lugt tgi Oxtraylia, nghTa vy phap l^ ciia cd nhan, to chuc vl thdng bdo vd cung cap thdng tin la ngi dung quan trgng ciia cdng tdc BVTE Theo danh gia ve thyc thi phdp lugt an toan trd em ciia quoc gia ndy hai ndm 2013 vd 2014, ban 70% ting s l 137.585 tin bao BVTE dugc cung cap td nhung ngudi cd nghTa vy bdo cdo bdt bugc, nhilu nhat la tu lye lugng canh sdt (30.898 tin bdo, chilm 22,5%), gido vien vd nhdn vien trudng hgc, co sd gido due (22.771 tin bao, chiem 16,5%), vd nhan vidn cdng tdc xd hgi (13.707 tin bdo, tuong duong 10%) (Uy ban Cdi each Phdp lugt Queensland, 2015:93) Qua dd, cd till thay rdng nhdng quy djnh ve nghTa vy bao cao dd gdp phan nang cao trach nhiem cua cac can bd BVTE, td dd tdng cudng hipu qud phdng ngda bgo hdnh tre em Thu hai, vi vai tro vd trdch nhi^m ciia ngirdi ldm cong tdc BVTE tgi dia phuong, a Vipt Nam Lugt Trd em 2016 vd Nghi djnh 56/2017/ND-CP quy dinh nhieu nhipm vy quan trgng cho ngudi Idm cdng tdc BVTE cap xd Cde can bO true tilp danh gia muc dg ton hgi ciia tre em hogc nguy co trd em bi bao lye, xac djnh nhu cau cua trd em de xay dyng va chu tri vipc thyc hipn kl hogeh bo trg, can thipp vd cung d p djch vy chdm sdc tgi dia phuong (tu Dieu 27 din Dilu 30, Nghj djnh 56/2017/ND-CP) Dong thdi, hp ciing Id nhihig ngudi chiu trdch nhipm chinh ve tiep nhgn thdng tin, danh gid mdc an toan mdi trudng song ciia tre em de tham muu cho Chu tich UBND cap xd quylt djnh dp dyng bipn phdp can thiOp khan cap hodc tam thdi each ly trd em bi bgo hdnh khdi cha, mp, ngudi chdm sdc vd xem xet, quyet djnh bipn phdp chdm sdc thay the (Dieu 31 va 32, Nghj djnh DS Lan Phircmg 81 56/2017/ND-CP) Tuy nhien, phdp lugt Vipt Nam mdi chi ddng lgi d cdc quy dinh vl trdch nhi^m nhung chua cd quy dinh vl trinh dO dao tgo va boi dudng cua ngudi lam cdng tac BVTE nhdm dam bao hg ed day dii ndng Iyc chuyen mdn, nghiap vy phd hgp vdi yeu ciu ciia cdng vi^c Tuong ty vai trd tnmg tam eiia ngudi lam cdng tdc BVTE cap xd d Vipt Nam, can bg an toan tre em tgi Oxtraylia la nhihig ngudi tryc tilp xdc minh, dieu tra thdng tin ve bgo hanh trd em, thyc hipn vd theo ddi ke hogeh ho trg, can thi^p doi vdi trd em hi bgo lye ho§c cd nguy co bj bgo hanh, ciing nhu gidm sdt vipc chdm sdc thay till, nudi dudng trd em tgi cac co sd chdm sdc ngodi gia dinh (out-of-home care) Theo phap lugt ciia bang Queensland, cdn bp BVTE thyc hi^n trdch nhipm theo quy djnh tgi "So tay Thyc hanh An todn Tre em" va phdi ddp ung cac yeu cau ve trinh dO ddo tgo, chuyen mdn vi dy nhu: (a) Chdc trdch: Cdn bO BVTE chju trdch nhi^m tnfc tiep vl ddnh gid, h5 dg, can thipp vd quan ly trudng hgp trd em cd nguy co hodc la ngn nhan bj xam hgi (b) Nhipm vy: Ho trg va tdng cudng ndng Iyc cho cae gia dinh dl giup hp chdm sdc, nudi dudng trd em mdi trudng an todn; xac minh va dieu da thdng tin vy viOe bgo hanh trd em, bao gom: ddnh gid tam sinh l^, tinh trgng sue khde, nhan thdn vd nhu cau sd dyng djch vy ho trg cua trd em vd gia dinh; xay dyng ke hogeh, dieu phoi vd tryc tiep thyc hipn ke hogeh, sd dyng cdc phuong phdp tham van, trj lipu, tu van, giao dye, dam phan, hda gidi vd tuyen truyin; ddnh gid, gidm sdt hi^u qud cdc djch vy h5 trg, can thipp vd dl xuat dieu chinh ho$c kit thiic kl hogeh ho trg, can thipp neu can thiet; thyc hipn cac quyen va nghTa vy cua can bg BVTE tgi Tda Trd em vd Tda Gia dinh theo quy djnh cda phdp lugt (c) v l trinh dg: Tot nghipp dgi hgc trd len thugc cdc chuyen nganh cdng tac xd hOi, cac djch vy ve ngudi vd phuc lgi xd hgi, chuyen ngdnh xd hOi hgc, tdm ly hgc hodc khoa hgc hdnh vi eon ngudi (Sd Djch vy Cgng dong An todn trd em vd Khuyet tgt bang Queensland, 2013,2017) Cde phdn tich d tren cho thay cde ea quan BVTE tgi Oxtrdylia rIt ehu dgng cdng tdc quy hogeh can bO, thdng qua vipc ban hanh nhiiiig quy djnh cy thi ve trinh dg chuyen mdn, tieu chuan dgo ddc vd budng dan nghipp vy cho dgi ngu can bg, nhdm kip thdi phdng ngda, ho trg tich eye vd can thipp hipu qua doi vdi cac vy vipc xam hgi trd em Mpt s6 kiin nghj wh th^rc hi$n cdc quy djnh phdp lu$t bdo v$ trd em bj b^o I ^ ho$c c6 nguy ca bj b^o hdnh ^ Vi$t Nam Tren co sd so sdnh vdi eac quy dinh phap lugt ve BVTE va kinh nghipm thyc tien dp dyng phdp lugt cua Oxtrdylia, chung tdi xin dua mgt so dl 82 Nghidn ciru Gla dinh vd Gldl QuyIn 29, s l 1, tr 75-83 xuat vl thyc hipn Lugt Trd em 2016 va ban hanh eac vdn ban nhdm ddm bdo an todn trd em nhu sau: Thd nhat, can khan truong tiln hdnh rd sodt vd ban hdnh vdn ban quy dinh trach nhipm cua cde cdn bO, nhdn vidn ldm vipc ITnh vyc chdm sdc, gido dye trd em v l vipc bdo cdo thdng tin lien quan tdi nguy co tre em bj bgo Iyc hodc dau hipu tre em bj bgo hdnh Thd hai, can ban hanh vdn ban quy djnh ve tidu chuan dgo ddc, trinh dp ddo tgo, boi dudng, ndng luc chuyen mdn cua ngudi Idm cong tac BVTE cap xd D I ddm bdo hipu qua, tinh ben vung vd trdch nhipm gidi trinh cdng tdc BVTE, sy chuyen nghipp va dgo ddc nghi nghipp ciia cdn bg cap xd gid vai Ird quylt djnh kit qua ciia bipn phap phdng ngira, ho trg, can thipp, va nang cao y thdc cdng dong vl BVTE trudc nhihig nguy co bi xdm hgi Thu ba, khan truong thyc hi^n to chuc Tda Gia dinh va ngudi chua thdnh nidn tgi Tda dn nhan dan tinh, thdnh p h i tryc thugc trung uong, qugn, huypn, thi "d, thdnh thugc tinh vd tuong duong Hipn tren phgm vi ca nude, Tda Gia dinh vd ngudi chua nien mdi chi dugc to chuc tai Tda an nhdn dan Thanh Ho Chi Minh tu thang ndm 2016 Vipc gidi quylt vd xet xd cdc vy an tgi Tda gia dinh vd ngudi chua nidn s6 giiip bdo vp hiOu qud cde quyen eua trd em, ddc bipt doi vdi cac vy dn bgo hanh yd em cd tinh tilt phuc tap, hodc hdnh vi bgo lye gay bdi cha, mp, ngudi chdm sdc bode ngudi gidm hd phgm vi gia dinh, hg hang, hodc eac vu an bgo Iyc tre em md ea ngudi bj hgi vd bj can/bj cdo deu la trd em ho^c ngudi chua nidn Tdi lipu trich dan Cdng udc ciia Lien Hipp quoc ve quyen trd em 1989 Cdng vdn so 99/TANDTC-PC ngdy 12/4/2016 cua Tda dn Nhan dan Tii cao https://thuvienphapluat.vn/cong-van/Thu-tuc-Ta-tung/Cong-van-99-TANDTCPC-to-chuc-Toa-gia-dinh-va-nguoi-chua-tbanb-nien-2016-308550.aspx Emery R Clifton, Nguyen Hdi Trung, Jaeyop Kim 2014 "Understanding child maltreatment in Hanoi: Intimate partner violence, low self-control, and social and child care support" Journal of interpersonal violence 7:1228-1257 Lugt Bdo v? Trd em, Queensland, Oxtrdylia 1999 https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdfi'2018-0I-29/act-1999-010 Lugt Bdo v? Trd em sCra dii, Queensland, Oxtrdylia 2016 htqis://www.qlrc.qld.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0012/489909/childprotection-mandatoTy-reporting-masons-law-amendment-act-2016.pdf DS Lan Phmmg 83 Lugt Bdo vf vd Chdm sdc Trd em Vimg LSnb thi phfa Bdc, 6xtrdylia 2007 http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgibin/viewdoc/au/legis/nt/num_act'capoca200737o2007315/s26.html Luft Gia dinh Oxtraylia 1975 https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00385 Lugt Gidm hp cdng, Queensland, Oxtraylia 2014 https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/2017-06-05/aet-2014-026 Lugt Gido dye, Queensland, Oxtraylia 2006 https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdfi2007-ll-02/act-2006-039 Lull Qudn ly nghipp vy Cdnh sdt, Queensland, Oxtraylia 1990 https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf2017-03-01/act-1990-004 Lugt Trd em Vipt Nam 2016 Ludt sl: 102/2016/QHl3 Nghi djnh 56/2017/ND-CP quy djnh chi tiet mOt sl dieu ciia Ludt Trd em Sd Djch vy Cpng dong An todn trd em vd Khuyet tgt bang Queensland 2013 Child Safe^ Practice Manual https://www.communities.qld.gov.au/resources/childsafety/practicemanual/cspm-collated.pdf Sd Djch vy Cpng dong, An todn trd em vd Khuylt tdt bang Queensland 2017 Child Safety Officer - Qualification requirements https://www.communities.qld.gov.au/resources/careers/child-safety/childsafety-oflRcer-qualifications.pdf Thdng tu so 01/2016/TT-CA ngdy 21/01/2016 cua Chdnh dn TAND tii cao https://luatvietnam.vii/toa-an/tbong-tu-01-2016-tt-ca-toa-an-nhan-dan-toi-cao102582-dl.html Tong eye Thong ke 2014 Bdo cdo Dieu tra ddnh gid cdc myc tieu tre em vd phy nu Vipt Nam (MICS) 2014 Nxb Thing ke Uy ban C^ cdch Phdp lugt Queensland 2015 Review of Child Protection Mandatoiy Reporting Laws for the Early Childhood Education and Care Sector http://www.qlrc.qId.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0004/432094/WP73.PDF Vien Sure khde vd Phuc lgi xd bOi Oxtraylia 2017 Child abuse and neglect statistics https://aifs.gov.au/cfea/publications/child-^use-and-neglectstatistics ... hdi ddnh cho trd em bj xdm hgi (Cdng udc eua Lien Hipp quoe vl quyIn tre em, 1989) 2.2 Bao vp tre em bj bgo hdnh d Vift Nam theo Lu$t Tre em 2016 Dinh nghTa vd bgo lye tre em dugc quy djnh tgi khodn... 2.4 So sanh mgt so ngi dung giira Lugt Trd em 2016 ciia Vi^t Nam vd phap lugt ve bao vp tre em tnrdc nguy co h bgo hanh cua Oxtraylia Tha nhdt, ve nghTa vu cung cdp thong tin vi bgo luc tre em. .. trudng song ciia tre em de tham muu cho Chu tich UBND cap xd quylt djnh dp dyng bipn phdp can thiOp khan cap hodc tam thdi each ly trd em bi bgo hdnh khdi cha, mp, ngudi chdm sdc vd xem xet, quyet