Giải quyết mâu thuẫn vợ chồng ở dân tộc cơ ho hiện nay (nghiên cứu trường hợp xã gia hiệp, huyện di linh, tỉnh lâm đồng

66 Xa hoi hgc s6 (143), 2018 GlAl QUYET MAU THUAN VO CHONG DAN T O C CO HO HIEN NAY (Nghien cuu trucmg hap xS Gia Hiep, huyen Di Linh, tinh Lam Ddng) DAO THI HIEU' NGO VAN HUAN" Tom tdt: Bai viit phdn tich s6 lieu tir cuoc khdo sdt ndm 2017 tgi mot xd a tinh Lam Ddng vi hinh thuc mdu thudn, cdch thuc vd vai trd cua cdc thiet che viec gidi quyet mdu thudn va chdng gia dinh nguai ddn tQC Ca Ho Ket qud cho thdy hinh thuc biiu hien mdu thudn chit yiu Id cdi nhau/tranh ludn, mdng chici, de doa, im Idng/khong noi chuyen vai nhau, dap phd dd dgc, ddnh dap nhau, vd uong bia, ruau Gia dinh vd ho hdng tham gia vdo viec gidi quyet mdu thudn nhieu nhdt vd duac ddnh gid co vai tro quan trong gidi quyit mdu thudn va chong Cdch thuc md ho su dung de gidi quyet mau thudn chit yiu Id phdn tich, khuyen bdo, chia se thong cdm doi vai cdc cap va chong Viec gidi quyet mdu thudn va chong cua nguai ddn toe Ca Ho cUng co chiu su dnh huang bdi ludt tuc cua cong dong Tit khoa: dan tdc Co Ho, mdu thuan vg chdng, giai quyet mdu thudn vg chdng, Ldm Ddng Nhgn bai: 13/8/2018 Gui phdn bien: 20/8/2018 Duyet ddng: 12/9/2018 Dat van de Tir xua din nay, gia dinh ludn giu mdt vi tri rdt quan trpng Gia dinh khong dan gian la noi hdi tu cdc thdnh vien cd quan he hdn nhdn, huylt thdng ma cdn la mdi trudng xa hgi hda tre em, dn dinh nhdn cdch cua ngudi Idm vd tham gia vdo hoat ddng kinh tl de giiip xd hdi phdt trien Trong nhung ndm gdn ddy, gia dinh Viet Nam dang phai ddi mat vdi nhilu vdn dl dnh huang din vai trd, vi tri ciia gia dinh, cd vdn dl mau thuan vg chdng Mdu thuan vg chdng khdng chi dnh hucmg true tilp din mdi quan he gifia ngudi vg va ngudi chdng, ma cdn anh hudng din bdu khdng gia dinh cung nhu cac vien cdn lai Cac nghien cim da cho thdy ddi sdng hon nhdn, cd rdt nhilu vdn de ddn din mau thudn vg chdng Mdu thudn vg chdng cd thi xudt phdt tir vdn dl tdi chinh (Dew vd Dakin, 2011; Dew vd Stewart, 2012), giao due cdi, img xir giiia cdc thdnh vien gia dinh vdi nhau, ling xir ciia vg chdng vai hdng xom, ban be (Nguyin Hdng Ha, 2010) Le Phugng (1986) chi loai nguyen nhan dan din mdu thudn vg Dgi hgc Dd Lat Hoc vien Cdn bg Thdnh Ho Chi Minh Ddo Thj Hiiu, Ngo Vdn Huan 67 chong Loai nguySn nhdn thit nhat Hen quan din vdn de nhu tinh yeu cdm tinh; tinh yfiu thuc dung; xu hudmg tinh d\ic hda tmh ySu; thdi gian tim hieu ngdn Lo?ii nguySn nhdn thii hai lien quan din quan niem sai lam vl tinh ySu vd hdn nhdn; thilu binh ddng giQa vg vd chdng; mdu thuin thi h6 dan din mdu thuan vg chdng; ngoai tinh va quan niem qud dl dai vl ly hdn Trong gia dinh ngheo, mau thuan vg chdng thudng xudt phdt tir khd khdn vl kinh te, tir su phdn chia tdi sdn thira kl khdng cdng bdng Trong dd, nhimg gia iflnh cd dilu kifn khd gid, mdu thuin vg chdng lai xudt phdt tir s\r chenh l?ch thu nheip vd sii dyng thai gian ddnh cho hoat dgng vui chai gidi tri (Bui Quang Diing, 2002) Vl mdt hmh thiic bieu hien, mau thuan vg chong cd nhieu bieu hi?n khac nhu tranh ludn to tieng, mdng chiri hodc chiln tranh lanh (Vu Tuan Huy, 2007; Cao HuyIn Nga, 1998) BSn canh dd, cd cap vg chong xuat hien hi§n tugng ddnh dap, diing vu lire hoac cam dodn lam mdt viec gi dd Cdch thiic giai quyet phd bien nhat co mdu thuan la cac c^p vg chdng tvr gidi quylt Cach thuc thudng dugc cdc cap vg chong gia dinh hat nhan Iga chgn hem so vcri cdc cap vg chdng sdng gia dinh nhieu the he (Bid Quang Diing, 2002) Chi ndo hai vg chong khdng thi tu giai quyet tW hg nho toi s\r trg giiip, hda gidi cua cac thdnh viSn gia dinh, hg hang than tdc ho|c ciia to hda gidi Cac gia dinh cd dieu ki?n kinh tg khdc cd each thitc gidi quyet mau thuan khdc Trong gia dinh khd gid thuong lua chgn each "ddng cita bao nhau" de hda gidi mau thuan vg chdng thi gia ffinh ngheo thucmg cd xu huong ldm cho mau thuan trd nen nghiem trgng hon vd nhd tcri sir hda gidi cua td hda gidi cdng ddng Nhu v£iy, phdn ldm cdc nghien ciiu da chi rdng cdc cdp vg chdng ludn mong mudn gidi quyet mau thuan nhdm tgo s\r hoa thudn gia dinh Tuy nhien, cung c6 cdp vg chdng lira chgn ly hdn dl gidi quylt mau thuan (Trdn Thi Minh Thi, 2011) Ddi vdi phu nii, hg it hi dp I\rc ve su ky vgng phdi kiem that nhilu tien dl lo ldng cho gia dinh ban so vcri dan dng Chinh vi vdy, vdn de ve kinh te chua phai la nguydn nhan chii yeu ldm cho phu nu: quylt dinh chdm dirt cudc kit hdn Theo nghien ciju cua Phan Thi Luydn (2016), ly khien cho ph\i nu chdm diit hdn nhdn nhu la: tinh tinh khdng hgp nhau, ngogi tinh, ghen tudng, bgo lgc gia dinh, phgm tgi va mdc cdc t? ngn xa hdi, dm dau/b?nh tdt, Con ddi v6i vi$c ly hdn cgng d^ng ngucri Lach (mgt nhdnh cua ddn t0c Ca Ho) la xudt phat tir nhung nguyen nhan nhu: ngoai tinh, lucri bilng hoac nguai chdng rugu che, vu phu, xiic phgm churi mang cha me Khi mudn ly hdn, ngucri chdng/vg phai nho ngucri hg hang ciia minh, dgc biet Id dng cgu, ngucri lam mai mdi din ndi chuyen vdi cha me hodc chi em gdi cua ngudi ve y dinh cua minh Hai ben s6 tien hdnh ddn bii vd bi phgt vg theo ludt t\ic Theo quy djnh cua lugt tuc Lgch, nlu ngudi chdng ngogi tinh hodc cd hdnh dgng sai trdi thi va hp hdng phdi din bu danh du cho bSn ngudi vg bdng nhung vat nhu: mdt tam iu, mgt heo vd m$t che rugu Neu hai vg chdng da co con, ngudri chong phdi cd trach nhi^m den bu cho nguai vg chi phi nudi con, moi diia Id mgt trau (hien trau dugc quy ddi tiln) Vd neu nguyen nhan ly hdn Id ngudi vg thi chi ta ciing phai lam tuong tu nhu thi 68 Gidl quyet mdu thudn va chdng a ddn tgc Ca Ho hien (Trjn Thi HiSn, 2012) Tuy nhien, doi sdng thuc tiln, vg ch6ng co mau thuin voi thi Idiong phai cimg se lua chQn bien phap ly hon ma c6 the se giai quyet mdu thuan bang hinh thiic khac Co th6 noi, cho d6n da co nhiSu nghien ciiu vS mau thuan va giai quylt mau thuin vg ch6ng dugc gioi nghien ciiu nuoc ngoai va nuoc thuc hien C^c nghign ciiu da lam ro nguyen nhan, hinh thiic biiu hiSn mau thu^ vg chong, dong thoi n6u len each giai quyet mau thuan va vai tro cua cac chu the viec giai quyet mau thuan vg chong Tuy nhien, cac nghien ciiu tim hieu thuc trang mau thuan, nguyen nh3n mau thuSn va each giai quylt mau thuin vg chong cong dong ngirdi dan tgc thieu so khu vuc TSy Nguyen dang kha it Vi vay, nghien ciiu sg di vao nhan dien mau thuan vg chong cgng dong Co Ho {mot cgng ddng ddn tgc thieu so theo che mau h^ tai Ldm D6ng) nhdm chi nguydn nhan ciing nhu giai phap cho van dS gan vdi ddc thii cua dia ban nghien ciiu Dong thoi, nghien ciiu ve su tac dgng, chi phoi ciia cac thilt chi den giai quyet mau thuan vg chong van chua dugc nghien ciiu nhieu tir each tilp cdn xa hgi hgc Trong bli canh qua trinh cong nghiep h6a, hien dai hoa, mau thuan vg chflng cung dang CO chilu huong gia tang o cdc ddn tgc thilu s6 tai khu vuc Tay Nguyen Co cau hoi nghien ciiu dat ra: Vdn de thuang gdy mau thuin vg ch6ng nguoi ddn t§c Co Ho Id gi? Hinh thiic mau thuan vg ching gia dinh cr dan tgc Co Ho nhu thi nao? Cach thiic giai quylt mau thudn vg chong ddn tgc Co Ho sao? Myc tieu cua bai viit nhfai nhdn dien vdn dl gdy mau thuan va hinh thiic biiu hien mdu thuan vg chong nguoi ddn tOc Co Ho, ding thoi chi each thiic gidi quylt mdu thudn vg chong ddn tgc Co Ho boi canh hien So lieu va phirong phap nghien cihi S6 lieu sir dung bai viit dugc thu thap tit cugc dilu tra chgn mau 200 hp gia dinh nguoi ddn toe Co Ho tai Ldm D6ng thang ID nam 2017 Dia dilm khao sat t?i xa Gia Hiep, huy$n Di Linh, tinh Lam D6ng Tji dia ban xa co ting s6 611 hg gia dinh (voi 2.895 nhdn khau) nguoi Co Ho dang sinh sdng tai ting s6 11 thdn Nghien ciiu tien hanh chgn 200 nguoi dai dien hg gia dinh (ngucri vg hodc ngucri chdng) ldm don vi thu thap thong tin Cu thi la gdm cd 100 nam va 100 nil; tuli tir 18 din 34 tuli chiem 55%, tu 35 din 49 tudi ehilm 29,0% va tir 50 din 60 tudi chiim 16,0% Vl trinh hgc van, mil ehii chiim 32,0%, tiiu hgc chiim 25,5%, trung hgc eg so chiim 31,0% vi trung hgc phi thdng trd Kn chiim 11,5% Ben eanh do, sd li$u dinh tinh dugc thu thap bSng phuang phap phdng vdn sdu cac ddi tugng bao gdm: can bd van hda xa, can bd phu nir xa, truong thdn (Td trudng Td hoa giai), can bd phu nft thdn, dai dien cua cdc cdp vg chdng nhjm khai thac nhirag thdng tin chi tiet ve cac khia canh mdu thudn gia dinh va each giai quylt mau thuan gia dinh Trong nghien ciiu tac gia da thuc hi$n 10 phdng vdn sdu vai cac ddi tugng tren Ddo Thj Hiiu Ngo Vdn Hudn 69 Vai net ve dan tgc Co- Ho it xa Gia Hi|p, huy^n Di Linh, tinh Lam D^ng Cho din cudi thi ky 19, ddu thi ky 20, kinh tl-vdn hda-xa hgi cua ngudi Ca Ho cr Ldm D6ng van thcri ky tan cua chi dO cdng xa nguydn thuy, mang ddm net nhung ylu td truyin thdng, co xua vd hdu nhu chua bi tdc dgng nhilu bdi cdc ylu td b6n ngoai Sau nam 1975, dgc bi?t Id tir nam 1986 din nay, Ddng vd Nha nudc dd thyc hi?n nhilu chii truang, chinh sach vd triln khai nhilu chuong trinh, du dn phdt triln miin mii, vimg sau, viing xa, vimg ddng bdo dan tgc thilu so H? thdng chinh sdch khd da dang vd todn di?n trSn tdt ca cac ITnh vuc: kinh te, dau tu ca sa hg tdng, y te, giao due, van hoa da tdc dgng mgnh me, ldm thay ddi cdn bdn kinh tl, xd hpi, vdn hda ciia nguoi Co Ho a Lam Ddng ndi rieng, cu dan tgi cho Tdy Nguyen ndi chung Ngudi dan tgc Ca Ho cdn dugc ggi bing nhiing cai ten khdc nhu la Ko-ho (KdHo), K'Ho Trong ddn tgc Ca Ho bao g6m cdc nhanh khdc nhu ngudi Mg, ngudi Sre (Sd Re), nguoi Cii (Xin) hay Chill, ngudri Lat, ngudri Tring (Td-ring), ngudi Nop, ngudi Ta lai (Ta-Lai), (Ciiu Long Giang va Toan Anh, 1974:395-396) Tinh din 01/7/2015 (thai diem tien hanh cugc Tdng dieu tra kinh te, xa hgi 53 ddn tgc thieu so), tgc nguai Co Ho cd 188.266 ngudi, ddng nhdt s6 cdc tgc nguoi thilu so a Ldm Ddng, xep thii 12 tgc ngudi tgi cho Tay Nguyen (sau ngudi Gia-rai, E-de, Ba-na), thii 15 cgng dong 54 dan tgc a Vigt Nam (Phimg Diic Timg vd cgng s\r, 2017:98) Dan vi td chiic xd hpi cao nhat ciia ngu6i Ca Ho la bon, ddy cung la don vi hanh chinh quan trpng nhdt vi no khdng chi Id mOt dan vi to chiic x3 hgi md nd la mgt dan vi kinh te t\r cung tu cdp Diing dau bon Id chu bang, ngucri ndy thudng Id nguai tdi gidi, cd sue khde, bilt an ndi, cd hieu biet ve phong tyc, tgp quan, lugt tuc Ngodi ra, cdn cd "Hdi ddng gid lang" gdm nhimg nguai cao tudi Id cdc chii nhd vd cdc tpc truang Hdi dong hgp vdi su tham gia cua trudng bon de gidi quyet nhGng trucmg hgp nghiem trgng Tang lap chii ylu Id nhihig ngudi cd su hieu biet, cd mdi quan he rgng vd cd s\r khdc biet ve tdi sdn (trdu bd, chieng che, ndi ddng, ddt dai ) Nguiri Ca Ho cung nhu cdc ddn tdc d Tdy Nguyen khac van theo chi mdu h§, gdi thira huong gia tdi, trai phdi di a rl, ddng hg tinh theo ddng nii Do vdy, hdn nhan giiia di vdi bi coi la loan luan nhung ciia em gdi hodc chi gai van cd th6 ldy cua em hoac anh trai (vi cua cgu mang hg ciia me la thudc dong hp khdc) Ngudi chu gia dinh la ngudi me, ngucri vg nhung ngudi thay m$t gia dinh thudmg la ngudri cgu Khi gia dinh cd vi?c thi ngudi cau phdi diing thay mdt gia dinh gidi quylt Ngucri Ca Ho coi trpng gdi hon trai vi gdi di bdt chdng vd giu: ciia cdi gia dinh Gia dinh nguai Ca Ho thudmg sdng thdnh m^t dgi gia dinh voi nhilu tiiu gia dinh cdi d chung dudi mpt mdi nhd (nhung khdng bdt budc) Nguoi phung duomg cha me thudng Id gdi lit hodc chi ca (Lmh Nga Niekdam, 2011:25) Mdu thudn vg chdng nghien ciru bao gdm nhiing hanh vi bgo luc, cai nhau, tranh ludn xdy giua ngudi vg vd nguai chdng gia dinh Bdi viet ndy tap trung vao tim hieu giai dogn vd van de gdy mdu thuan vg chdng, hinh thiic mau thuan va cdch giai quyet mdu thuan vg chdng o ddn tdc Ca Ho, tinh Lam Dong 70 Gidl quyet mdu thudn vfr chdng d ddn tpc Ca Ho hien Thyc trang mau thuan vy chong * ddn tgc Cff Ho 4.1 Giai ^an xay m&u thuan vjr chong D I tim hiiu giai doan xdy mau thuan vg chdng tai dia ban nghidn cihl, cdu hdi dugc dua la: "Ong (ba) hdy cho bilt giai doan nao cudc sdng hdn nhdn de xdy mdu thuin nhdt?" Kit qud khdo sat cho thdy, giai doan thuang xdy mdu thuin t-ong doi sing hdn nhdn nhilu nhdt la vao giai do^in con nhd (chiem 62%) Tiep theo la giai doan mdi cudi va giai doan cdc da truang thdnh co ty 1$ xap xi gan bdng (ty If tuong ling la 20,0% va 17,5%), giai do^in cac dd lap gia dinh la it xay mdu thudn nhdt chi chiem ty le 0,5% Giai doan bdt ddu cd nho la giai doan dl xdy nhilu mdu thuan vdi cdc cap vg chdng bdi vi liic hg bat ddu phai dam nhan them vai tro moi la vai trd ldm bl lam mf Ddc biet, diia ddu long sinh la nilm hanh phiic gia dinh nhung nlu khdng cd su chudn bi vl mdt tinh thdn ciing nhu la vdt chdt thi day se la giai doEUl tao nen s\r xao tr^n ddi sdng gia dinh Vi liic ndy cdng viec cua nguoi me phdi tang len rdt nhieu lan so vdi tnrdc day Hg se khdng nhieu thdi gian cham lo cho bdn thdn minh va ngudi chdng nhu trudc Ben canh dd, tam ly cua ngudi phu nii sau sinh xong cung cd nhimg thay ddi ban Cd thi giai doan mdi cudi vg chdng se chua can qua nhilu tien ciia nhung trgng giai doan cd nhd thi dd la van de ma hg rat quan tdm Vi the, giai doan ndy thudng se de xdy mdu thuan nhat Khi hdi ve giai dogn thudng xdy mdu thudn nhdt ddi sdng hdn nhdn ciia ngudi ddn tgc Co Ho thi mdt cdn bg cua xa da chia se: "Xay mau thuan vg cd bdu den hgc lap 1, khodng dg 18 den 23 va 24 tudi" (Nam, phd chu tich xd, 39 tudi) Khi ngudi phg nir mang thai thi hg si it tham gia vdo qud trinh lao d^ng dugc nhilu nhu trudc ddy 4.2 Van dS thtrong gay m&u thuan vp- chdng Khi tim hiiu vl nguyen nhan dan din mdu thuin vg ching, cau hdi dugc ddt Id "Nhang vdn dl thudng gdy mdu thuan doi sing hdn nhan cua dng (ba) Id gi?" Vdn de thudng gay mdu thuan ddi song hdn nhan cua cac cdp vg chdng ngudi dan tdc Co Ho cung kha da dsing Thdi quen xdu cOa vg/chdng dn d hang (nhu uing rugu, hiit thudc la, ludi bieng tdm nia ) la vdn dl thudng khiln cho cdc cdp vg chdng mdu thudn nhilu nhdt, ehilm tdi 86,5% Ben eanh dd, cdc vdn de khdc nhu thilu trdch nhiem ddng gdp kinh tl (ehilm 53,0%), khdc each cham sdc va day dd cdi (chiim 48,5%), bj ddnh ddp, chiri riia, de dga (chiim 46,5%)), quan h? gia dinh hai ben (chiem 13,0%) cOng trd thdnh vdn dl gdy nen s\r mau thuin vg chdng Cdn nhiing vdn de nhu su khac biet vl vdn hda, hgc vdn, dia vi xd hgi; khdng hda hgp ddi sdng tinh due thi diu chiem ty 1$ 6,0% Du lieu tit phdng vdn sdu cung phdn anh ro nguyen nhdn mdu thuin vg chdng, mdt can bg thdn chia se: Do kinh te, nguai ta theo chi rfp miu he Nguai phit nu ndm quyin, ngu&i 3an ong khong CO tieng noi, doi qua chen co lai qua tiing lgi Ya han nUa la nhgn thic cua hg chua cao (Nam, trudng thdn, 52 tuoi) Ddo Thi Hiiu, Ngo Vdn Hudn 71 H i n h Van de thircmg gay mSu thuan 6iA s i n g hon nhan ngirM dSn tQC Cff Ho Thieu trach Khac Thoi xau cua Quan he gia Sy khac biet vd Bi danh dap, nhiem trong each vp/chong dinh hai bdn v5n hoa, hoc chiri nia, de dong gop kinh cliamsocva a n a hang van, diavixa doa te day dfl cdi hgi Khong hoa h(?p dai song tinh dye Chil thich: N=200 Nguon Ket qud khdo sdt cua de tdi d cdng ddng ngudi Co Ho tai ddy, lam dung rugu bia, nghien rugu dang la van de rdt ddng chii y, ddng bdo ddng Ddy cung chinh Id nguyen nhdn tr^rc tiep, chdt xuc tdc d6 gdy nen mdu thuan giira cdc cap vg chdng Mdt nguoi vg cd chdng thuang udng nrgu da chia se nhu sau: "Ong di udng hdng Moi dng uong mpt lit Bay gid, dng cung udng nhu vgy Ong udng vdo la khdng cho minh nghi ngoi ddu Ong ngdi ma ti vi do xong rdi dng udng rugu vd minh ndi thi dng chiH lai" (Nu, lam ndng, 47 tudi), hay Id: "Buon chii, nhung ciing cd di ldm nhung vl rdi nhdu, cu lam xong vd nhau, chi tiic" (Nir, ldm ndng, 22 tudi) Nguyen nhan Igm dung rugu bia ma thudng Id tij phia nguai chdng da dugc mpt sd nghien ciiu dh cap nhu Id mdt nhiing nhdn td dan den mdu thudn, bao lire gia dinh Kk qud tir nghien cuu cua Trinh Thdi Quang (2008) da cho thdy rdng lam dung nrgu cua nam gioi tai dja bdn nghien cihi Id mdt hi?n tugng khd phd biln, vd day la mpt nhung ydu td cd lien quan mat thilt vdi nhimg mdu thuan va bgo luc gia dinh Ngodi ra, vdn dl khiln cho vg chdng xdy mdu thuan vi dai sdng kinh te khd khdn Tinh trang vay mugn, tin dung den dl chi trd tiln phan bdn, tiln mua cdc loai thudc, tiln mua cdy gidng, vdt dung tudi tieu viec canh tdc cdy cd phe va chi tieu hang Tuy nhien, thu nhgp tir ndng nghiep thudng theo mua vu, vi vdy tinh trgng "an truac trd sau" Id rat phd bien a cac h$ gia dinh va cii nhu vay tir mua ndy sang mua khdc, tir thi he sang the he khdc Chinh vi vay, sir khd khan ddi sdng hang ngdy, ng ndn bua vdy cdc hg gia dinh ngudi Co Ho da true tiep gdy nen nhihig mdu thuan xung dot de dpa den hanh phiic gia dinh 72_ Gidi quyet mdu thudn vgi chdng a ddn tgc Ca Ho hi4n 4.3 Tdn suat xdy m&u thuan Voi cdu hdi nhdm ddnh gid tiin sudt cua cac mdu thuin quan h^ vg ch6ng ngudi Ca Ho, bdng cho thdy, xdy mdu thuin cua vg chdng a miic hdng ngdy la cdc v ^ dl nhu thdi quen ciia vg/ch6ng an a hdng ngdy (2%), thilu trdch nhi?m ddng gdp kinh tl (1,5%) nhung diu chiim ty 16 rat thip Tan suat xdy mdu thuan tudn din ldn thi tap ttung chu ylu or cdc vdn de la thdi xdu cOa vg/chdng dn d hdng (13,5%), bi ddnh dgp, chui nia, de dpa (8,5%), thilu trdch nhi^m ddng gdp kinh tl (5,5%) va khac cdch chdm sdc vd dgy cai (5%) Ddi voi tin suit xdy rq mdu thuin theo thdng ldn thi chii ylu a cdc vdn dl nhu thoi xdu cua vg/ch^ng an a hdng ngdy (27,5%), bi ddnh dap, chiri nia, de dga (22%), thieu Udch nhiem ddng gdp kinh te (13,5%) vd khdc each chdm sdc va day d§ cai (9,5%) Bdng Tan su^t xky mSu thuan vgr chdng ngirM dan t9c Ca Ho Dan Vf: % Tan suat x&y mSu thuin Tuan Thing] Vii thdng din lltn ikn \m Khong bao gid Thieu tr&ch nhi^m d6ng g6p kinhte 33,0 46,5 Khic cich chSm s6c v^ d^y cii 33,5 51,5 Cac v ^ de H^i;^^ ng^y Tong Th6i xau cua vgr/chong 3n h^g ng^y 2,5 13,5 27,5 43,5 13,0 100,0 Quan h^ gia dmh hai ben 0,0 0,5 3,0 9,5 87,0 100,0 S\r khic bi^t ve vSn h6a, hpc van, dia V) xa h$i 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,0 97,5 100,0 Bi dinh d§p, chiiiriia,de d^a 0,5 8,5 22,0 15,5 53,5 100,0 Khong h6a h^p d6i s6ng tinh dye 0,5 0,0 0,5 2,5 96,5 100,0 Chung 0,8 4,8 11,0 19,8 63,6 100,0 Chu thich: N-200 Nguon: Kit qud khdo sdt tai xd Gia Hiep ndm 2017 Mau thuin xdy vm thang mgt Ito chiSm ty 1$ cao nhat Cg th^ la mau thuan ve cac van de nhu thdi xiu cua vg/chdng an d hang (chidm 43,5%), khac each cham sdc va day cai (chi^m 33,5%), thi^u tr4ch nhijm ddng gdp kinh td (chiSm 33%), bi danh dap, chui nia, de dga (chidm 15,5%) v4 quan h? gia dinh hai ben (chiem 9,5%) Khi hdi vd vi$c giOa cac nhdm cd mtic sdng khdc thi nhdm nao thudng d&ih dap vg con, cai nhiSu hem thi mdt can bd cua thdn chia se: Oddy CO noi la nhom khd tht khong co, thugc tir trung binh cho din ngheo hay xa mau thudn, liic thi anh ldm cdi ndy khong dit, luc thi trd cdi khong xong (Nil, can bg ph\i niS thdn, 59 tu6i) Bao Thj Hieu, Ngo Van Hudn 73 4.4 Hinh thiic biiu hifn miu thuin vgr chong Khi x4y m4u thuSn vg chong thi bidu hign dudi hinh thiic ldi ndi chiem t^ 1$ cao nhat la 66,0% Mau thuan vita bifo hien dudi hinh thilc ldi ndi vua bieu hi$n dudi hinh thUc hanh dgng ehiem ty 1$ gto bing mdt nua so vdi dudi hinh thiic ldi ndi (31,5%), cdn dudi hinh thiic hanh ddng chi chidm 2,5% Cd thd ndi ring hmh thiie bidu hi?n cua mau thuan vg chong ngudi d&i tgc Co Ho chii yeu la hmh thiic ldi ndi Thvtc tien, hinh thiie bidu bi^n mSu thuan bang ldi ndi cting khd la da d?uig Trong khudn kho cua nghien cilu nay, tdc gia chi t^p trung tim hieu nam hinh thiic bieu hi?n chinh la: eai nhau/tranh li^n, mang, chili, dga danh dap, dga ly hdn va dga t\r til Cd tdi 195 ngudi cho rang mau thuan cua hg bidu hi^n bdng hinh thiic ldi ndi Hinh Hinh thire biiu hifn man thuan \tf chong ngirdi dan t$c C(r Ho Bo ngoai mot thoi gian ngan I 22 ãs.Đ Uong bia, ni(7u/danh bai 17 tJ Danh dap nhau, danh dip cii S,5 Ci "^ Dap p h i dac Biiu hi?n mau thuin bing len noi CQ • Im l^ing, khong noi chuy?n Doa ly h6n 59,1 • 8,7 22 Dpa danh dip Mang, chiii 57.4 Cai nhau/Tranh luin 0/^0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Chu thich: N=200 Ngudn • Kit qud Ichdo sdt tai xa Gia Hiep ndm 2017 Trong cdc hinh thiic bieu hi^n mau thuin vg chdng bdng ldi ndi thi hinh thiic cai nhau/tranh luan cd ty le cao nhat (90,8%), tiep den la hinh thiic mang, chiH (57,4%), hinh thiic dga ddnh dap ehi gan bang mdt mia hinh thiie mdng, chili (22,6%) va thdp nhdt la hinh thiic dga ly hdn (8,7%) Ddi vdi hinh thiic bidu hien mau thuin vg chong bdng hdnh dgng, tdc gia tdp tnmg tim hieu d ndm hinh thiic bieu iii^n chfnh Id: im Idng/khdng ndi chuy$n, d|p phd dd dac, ddnh dap nhau/ddnh ddp cdi, udng bia, rugu/ddnh bai vd bd ngodi mdt thdi gian ngdn Cd 66 ngudi cho rdng hinh thiic bieu hidn mau thuin bdng hdnh ddng Ci hinh thiic bieu hidn mdu thuin vg chdng bdng hanh dgng thi hinh thdc im lang, khdng ndi chuy?n cd ty Id cao nhit (59,1%) Hmh thiic dap phd dac, hinh thiic uong bia, rugu/ddnh bdi vd hinh thiic ddnh dap nhau, ddnh dap cdi thi ddu chiem ty 1$ xip xi gdn bdng (ty le tuong ting la 51,5%, 47,0% va 45,5%) Cdn hinh thiic bd ngoai 74 Gidi quyet mdu thudn v{r chdng d ddn tpc Ca Ho hien mdt thdi gian ngdn (di d?io, tham ban be, ngudi than gia dinh ) cd ty \% thip nhat (22,7%) Khi hdi vd hinh thiic bidu hien mdu thuin vg chdng, mgt phy nft da ehia se: Ugt tudn co yg chdng ddnh 2-3 ldn; Ai an trdi minh cUng khong cho, ong bi stmg to, din gid sdng minh mdi cdi (Nir, lam ndng, 47 tudi) Ndu nhu cdc nghien ciiu tnrdc ddy, hinh dnh ngudi chdng sii dung bao lyc bang hanh dgng nhu ddnh, dim, dd vdi ngudi vg thi nghien ciiu l!ii nhan thiy hinh dnh ngudi phu nu ddnh vdi chdng nhimg lgi cd the trdi chdng lgi O cgng ddng ddn tdc Co Ho id theo chd mlu he nen quydn luc ciia nam gidi khdng bdng nft gidi ve mgi phugng dien Theo ket qua nghien ciiu ciia Dao Thi Hieu (2016) da cho thay, so vdi ngudi dan tgc Kinh thi ngugi ddn tgc Co Ho it xdy mau thuan hon Ben cgnh dd, d ngudi dan tdc Cg Ho, ngudi vg thudng gay mdu thudn trudc hon so vdi ngudi chong Ket qud nghien ciiu dinh tinh cung dd cho thay vg chdng ngudi dan tdc Co Ho xay mdu thudn thi ngudi chdng thudng im lang vd thudng tim den rugu liay cdc eu^e vui choi khdc vdi ban be Mdu thuan xay giua vg ch^ng d ngudi dan t0c Co Ho chu ydu Id thi hien dudi hinh thiic bdng lgi ndi Ben cjnh dd, cd nhung cdp vg ch6ng thi khdng ddnh ma la bd di dao xung quanh cho bdt tuc gidn nhau, bd di udng rugu vdi b ^ be, hay Id "dd gao" Mgt y kidn cua ngudi phu nft khde da eho bidt: Cu nguai di ben kia, nguai ng di ben ng, di quanh vudn thoi Hoac chai vdi chdu roi Idt nUa quay lgi thoi, ddu cd ddu Cd mgt ldn thi tiic qud mdy ong di uong vdi bgn be dd, roi chi gao ludn, theo phong tuc cUa ddn tgc dy (Nft, Idm ndng, 48 tudi) Tai cgng ddng ngudi ddn tdc Co Ho, viec ngudi vg "dd g£io" ddi vdi ngudi chdng thi cd nghia la dd dudi ngudi chdng vd bdn nha me de cua minh Thdng thudng, hg dd mdt Ion ggo trude sdn dd ngudi chdng thdy Khi dd, ngudi phu nft da khdng cdn mudn chdp nhdn ngudi chdng cua minh va cd y mudn dudi khdi ngdi nha cia minh Dd la mdt hdnh vi dugc hanh xft theg phong tuc cua cdng ddng ngudi dan tdc Co Ho Cach thu-c giai quyet mau thuan vg chong d dan tgc Cff Ho Khi xay mdu thuan gia dinh thi eung mudn gidi quydt vin dd dd mgt cdch nidt de nham lam cho gia dinh trd nen hanh phiic hem Nhung each thftc dd gidi quySt mdu thuan nhu thd ndo thi cdn phu thugc vao muc dg, tinh chit nghidm trgng ciia mdu thudn dd Voi mdt cgng ddng dan cu theo chd mau he thi cdch thiic giai quydt mdu thuan vg chdng se dugc phan tich muc Y kien dugc nhidu ngudi lira chgn nhit ndi vd hinh thiic gidi quydt mau thuan vg chdng Id hai vg chdng chu ddng lam hda (64,5%) Ben canh dd, hinh thiic Ddo Thj Hieu, Ngo Vdn Hudn 75 ngudi thdn gia dinh va chdng hda gidi cung cliidm ty 1? khd cao (63%) Hinh thuc ngudri chdng lam hda truoc thi cao hcnn so vdi hinh thiic ngudi vcf lam hda trudc (33% so vdi 14,5%) Phai chang ngudi ch6ng thudng gay mdu thuin trudc hay Id ngudi phu nii Id chu gia dinh nen ngudi chdng sg chii dpng lam hda Cdn s\r tham gia gidi quyet mau thuan vgr chdng ciia chinh quygn, td churc xd hpi Id rat thdp (5%) Hinh Hinh thuc giai quylt mlu thula vi^ chong nguiri dSn tgc Co* Ho I Vq lam hoa tnidc Hai vg chong chu dQDg ^ De Nguoi [dl than inn dinh ftinh tiong gia vo ch6ng hoa Ngiroi troDg dhnii hg hn hnn ddng hoa giai Chinh qquyen, ; hgi tn (6 chirc chuc xS hoa giai Khac Chu thich: N=200 Nguon • Kit qua khdo sdt cua de tdi Cung nhu hinh thuc bieu hi?n mdu thuan, hinh thiic gidi quydt mdu thuan ciia vp chdng ciia ngudi ddn tdc Co Ho cung chu yeu bang ldi ndi (86%) Ty le gidi quy^t bdng ca ldi ndi vd hdnh ddng chiem 12%, vd gidi quylt bdng hdnh dpng, cii chi, thai dp chi chiSm 2% Hinh cho thdy, each giai quyet mdu thuan ciia vp chong bdng ldi xin loi chiim ty le cao nhdt (77,2%) Giai quyet bdng cdch gidi thich, gdp y chiem ty \% 54,8%, gdp hon lan so vdi gidi quylt bdng nhihig ldi d6 ddnh/ninh not (13,2%) Ngodi ra, mpt sd ngudi cdn giai quyet bang hanh vi khdc (vi du nhu la vp chdng lam trd hi vdi ) nhung chi chiem ty le rdt nhd Khi hdi ve viec vp chdng khdng t\r gidi quylt mau thuan ciia minh thi se nhu the ndo? Mot can bd cua xa, ngudi dan tdc Co Ho da cho bilt: Ben chi neu md co mdu thudn lan thi nguai chong se vi nha m?, nhung niu minh muon chong ve ben minh thi minh lgi la ngudi di ru&c chdng vi, rdi xin loi, khong neu ma va kien quyet khong don thi ben ngi lgi dua chdng minh ve (Na, can bp vdn phdng Dang uy xa, 25 hidi) 7S" Gidi quyet mdu thudn vg chong a ddn tdc CaHo hien Hinh Cach giai quy£t mau thuin vg- chSng ngu*i dSn tSc Ccr Ho Khac Chu ddng om ip, au ySm de lam hoa ^ H Giai quySt bang each dan di 3n, di chm Giai quyet bJng each quan bf tinh dye • • Giai quyit thong qua hinh thiic Icri noi 25.9 3.7 Giai quyet bSng each tang hoa, qua/duatien o 11,1 18,5 Gi^i quy^t bang each im lang^dg ISu r6i b6 qua Khac Giai quyet bang nhCmg loi danh/ninh not 59.3 1.5 ^ ^ m 13^ Giai quyet bang each giai thich, gop y ,8 Giai quylt bing \in xin l5i % 77,2 20 40 60 80 Chu thich: N^200 Nguon: Ket qud khdo sdt cua de tdi Nhimg liic vo chdng cd xdy mdu thuan rdi ngudi chong t\r bd ve nhd bd m? de cua minh thi ngudi vp phdi vua rude chdng ve va phai xin loi chdng, gia dinh ben chong Cdn trudng hpp ngudi vp khdng ddn rude chdng ve thi gia dinh ben npi (gia dinh ben chdng) se mang ngudi chdng ve nha vo Khi dd, mdu thuin cua vp chdng se dupc sv can thi?p ciia gia dinh hai ben npi ngoai Gidi quydt mdu thuan vp chdng bdng each im Idng/de Idu rdi bd qua chiem ty 1? 59,3% Vp chdng gidi quylt bdng cdch dan di dn, di choi chi chiim ty IS 25,9%, nhung vdn cao hem gidi quyet bdng each tdng hoa, qud/dua tien (18,5%) Mot sd it cap vp chdng giai quyet mdu thuan bdng cdch chii ddng dm ap, du yim de lam hda (11,5%) hay quan h^ tinh due (3,7%) Nghien cuu trudc day cung cho thdy, vp chdng xdy mdu thuan vdi thi mdt hai ngudi cd the lua chpn ylu td "tinh ySu" hodc "tinh d\ic" de dilu khien ddi phuong Mpt sd ngudi vp thdm chi tir chdi cho chdng quan h? tinh dye de dilu khien anh ta, mudn xin xd nhieu ldn va hiia ldm nhung viec khac cho mmh trudc ddng y (Mai Huy Bich, 2009:139) Mdc du, vdn de mau thuan vp chdng Id vi?criSngcua cdc gia dinh nhung da sd cac cap vp chdng ngudi dan tdc Co Ho ciing cdn tdi sv giiip 6d cua cdc thdnh vien khac gia dinh, ho hang, ban be, td hda gidi tai dia phuong, Cha xii (ngudi ben nha thd) tham gia vdo gidi quyet mau thudn Nhung ngudi tham gia gidi quylt mdu thudn vp chdng d ngudi dan tdc Co Ho chii yeu la gia dinh (65,5%) Sy tham gia cua hp hang vao giai quylt mdu thuan ehilm ty 1? gan bdng 2/3 so vdi su tham gia cua gia dmh (40,5%) Vd sir tham gia ciia hdng xdm thi chiem ty le gdn gap ddi so vdi su tham gia cua ban be, ddng nghidp vdo vi$c gidi quylt mdu thudn vp chdng (15,5% so vdi 8,5%) Cdn s\r tham gia cua td hda giai tai dia phuang vd Cha xii (ngudi bdn nha thd) diu chiim ty le khd thdp (6% va 3%) Tuy nhien, co tdi Bdo Thj Hieu, Ngo Vdn Hudn 33% sd ngiidi cho rSng Ichi vg chdng xay mau thuin thi Ididng cd tham gia bdi vi dd la nhihig v&i dd nhd nhat cudc sdng hang nen Ichdng nhit thidt ph4i cd sir tliam gia cua ngudi Idiac ma vo chdng tvr giai quydt vdi Trong mau nghidn ciiu, da sd gia dinh ciia ho thudc Icidu loai gia dinh hai thd he va gia dinh ba thd he Vide vq chdng xay mau thuan vdi la mdt didu khdng thd tranh khdi Ban thta ho ciing dS cd nhiing nd luc nhat dinh de giai quydt v&i dd mau thuin cua minh Tuy nhien, gap nhiing van dd mau thuin ma vg chdng khdng t\i giai quydt dugc tbi dng ba, bd me, dng cau hay la gia lang, trudng tdc (trudng ddng ho),., se cd quydn tham gia va dua y kidn ddng gdp bat budc vg chdng phai tuan theo Theo quan diem cua B Strong, quydn l\ic bat ngudn til tinh hgp danh, chinh danh (din theo Mai Huy Bich, 2009:139) Nhu vSy, nhimg ngudi cd quyen lire hon ngudi vg va ngudi chdng, dd, tidng ndi cua hp cd tinh chat quyet dinh Ho da tham gia vao de giai quydt mau thuan xay giiia cac cap vg chdng Hinh Nh&ng ngirdi tham gia giai quyet man thuin va Ch6ng nguiri dan toe Ca Ho Kh6ng CO tham gia Cha xii (Ngucri ben nha tha) B To hoa giai tai dia phuong Ban be, dong nghiep Hang xom HQ hang RBi^ Gia dinh 10 20 30 % 40 50 60 70 Chii thich: N=200 Nguon: Ket qua khdn tdt cua de tdi Theo quan diem cua ly thuyet trao ddi, ngudi ludn hdnh dpng mdt cdch cd chii dich, cd suy nghT de lira chpn va sii dung cdc ngudn lire mpt cdch ly nhdm dgt dupc ket qud t6i da vdi chi phi tdi thieu (L6 Ngpe Hiing, 2015: 354) Cdc c^p vp chdng l\ra chpn hdnh ddng la tu giai quyet mdu thuan hay ciing nhihig ngudi se tham gia gidi quylt mau thuan thi ludn cd su can nhdc ky ludng Bdn thdn hp dd lua chpn viec cung vdi ngudi gia dinh, hp hang gidi quyet mdu thuan la chii yeu chii khdng phdi la hang xdm, ban be hay la ddng nghiep Cd th6 Id neu hp chia se vdi hang xdm, ban be hodc ddng nghi?p vl viec vp chdng minh cd xdy mdu thuan thi sp nhiing ngudi dd se gay bdt lpi cho minh Hon' nira, bd me, hp hdng Id nhiing ngudi thdn can vdi vp chdng va se cd nhimg hiiu bilt ve ddi song vp chdng Hp sg dua sir phdn tich, ldi khuyen bao phu hpp dl giiip cdc cap vp chdng cd cupc sdng em dm vd hanh phuc hon Ngodi ra, hp sdn sdng chdp nhan vi?c ngdi lai vd cung ngudi khac gidi quylt mdu thuan chii khdng phdi la su tan ciia cupc hdn nhdn 78 Gidi quyet mdu thudn vg chdng d ddn tpc Ca Ho hien Ngudi chdng dan tpc Co Ho thudng hay cd thdi quen bd ve nh4 bd m? dd Bdi vi, can nha ma hg dang s6ng cung vdi vg thi gia san khdng thugc quyen sd hihi hg V^ chi cd mdt ncri ma hg cd thd tim vd la gia dinh bo m? de cda minh, nhiing ngudi chi cm gai cua minh Tuy nhidn, hg bd vd thi se dugc m? dd ho^c chj gai mang v^ l»i cho gia dinh ben vg Ban vd vin dd nay, mgt can bd ciia xS, ngudi dan tdc Co Ho chia sd: Chi thdy cdi khong phdi cdch tSt nhdt md Id tgm thdi, cti mdi ldn me chdng tra vi lgi cho minh thi lgi Id tdn mgt khodn nhu nh?t, ddu phdi dua chdng ve la binh thudng ddu Hg dua ve rdi lgi phdi nhdu nhet vdi c6 chit ben chong vd m^ chdng nUa thi mdi ggi Id gidi quyet xgng, khdng thi chua xong ddu (Nu, can bd vSn phdng Dang uy xa, 25 tudi) Mgt didu d^c bift each giai quydt mSu thuin cua ngudi dan tgc Co Ho la hg phai ^ mdt bOa tide nhd dd chieu dai v^ cam on ngudi bdn nha chdng va ddng thdi xin loi hp Day khdng phai chi la mpt bfia Sn dd thd hien ldng bilt cm eiia gia dinh Ijen ngudi vg doi vdi gia dinh ben ngudi chdng, ma nd da trd mgt t^ic le cua c$ng dong niiy Neu hp chua cd lam hiia tide nhd dd thi coi nhu la mau thuin cda vg ch6ng chua dugc gidi quyet xong Hg d3 lya chpn vide phai chdp nh|in xin loi gia dinh hai bdn, lam biia tide hay th§m chi la phai cd 1^ vat cho ben nha chdng la mudn dd vg chdng cd the quay vd chung sdng vdi hanh phiic thay vi la phai chia tay Dieu dd cho thiy, each giai quylt mdu thuan vg ch^ng ngudi dan tgc Co Ho khdng phai chi la mgt vide don gian ma nd mang d$m net vdn hda ciia cpng ddng, tpc ngudi noi day Bdi vi, luat tyc cua cgng ddng da quy djnh la nhu the Kk lu^n Ket qua phan tich cho thiy cdc giai do^in thudng xay mdu thuan vg chdng ngudi ddn tpc Co Ho d Lam Ddng Ngudn goc sdu xa ciia su sinh vin dd gay ndn mdu thuin vg chong cd lidn quan ddn van hda, ldi sdng cila c$ng dong Qua day, tac gia da nhdn thay cd sy da dang ttong cac vin dd gdy ndn mdu thuan vg ch6ng Trong dd, n6i bdt nhit la nguyen nhdn thdi xau cua vg/chdng an d hang ngay, thidu trach nhidm ddng gdp kinh te hay la bj ddnh dap, chiri nia, de dga Tuy nhien, miic dd xdy mdu thuin vg chdng cilng khdng thudng xuyen ma chii ydu tdp trung d raiic dp vai thdng m§t lln Hinh thiic bidu hien chii ydu la bdng hinh thiic ldi ndi nhu la cai nhau/tranh ludn, mdng chiii va dpa danh ddp id biln Cdn doi vdi hinh thiic hanh ddng thi biiu hi$n nhu la im lang/khdng ndi chuydn vdi nhau, ddp phd dac, danh dap nhau, danh dap cai vd udng bia, rugu/danh bdi la chii ylu Cach thiic giai quylt mdu thuan vg chong cua ngudi ddn tpc Co Ho chu ylu la vg chdng vira tu gidi quyet mdu thuan vd vira cimg vdi nhirng ngudi khac giai quylt mau thuan Hinh thiic giai quylt bdng ldi ndi la chii ylu Ddi vdi hinh thiic vg chdng ty giai quylt mau thuan thi hg se gidi quylt bdng ldi xin l§i, gidi thich, gdp ^ hay la im IJng/dl Idu rdi bd qua Gia dinh va hg hang la tham gia vao vi$c giai quylt mau thuan nhidu nhit vd dupc danh gia cd vai ttd quan trgng gidi quylt mdu thuan vg chong Cdch thiic ma hp sd dyng dl giai quylt mau thuan chu ylu la phdn tich, khuyen bdo, chia sd, thdng cdm dii vdi cac cjp vg chdng Bdn canh dd, Cha xii (ngudi ben nha thd) cung cd vai trd quan trgng Ddo Thj Hieu, Ngo Vdn Hudn viec gidi quylt mdu thudn vp chdng Sau giai quylt mdu thuan thi mdi quan he giua vp chdng cd thay ddi tdt hon Tuy nhien, viec gidi quylt mdu thudn cua ngudi ddn tpc Co Ho cdn chiu sir tac ddng tu luat tuc ciia cdng dong (Ddo Thi Hieu, 2016) Nghien ciiu ndy cd mpt s6 han chi Id mau nghien cuu nhd, pham vi tai mot dia phuong va cdch chpn mdu ngau nhien he thing Ndi dung nghien ciiu dupc gidi han viec tim hieu nguyen nhdn xay mdu thuan, hinh thiic bieu hien mdu thudn, cdch thiic giai quyet mdu thuan vp chdng Viec tim hiiu vl mdu thuan vp chdng cua ngudi dan tdc Co Ho cdn dupc tiep tuc md rpng vl dia bdn nghien ciiu, cdch chpn mdu cd tinh dai dien tdt hon de ldm ro sir cdn thilt cua chii dl cdc cong trinh nghien ciiu tiep theo Tai lieu tham khao Biii Quang Dung 2002 Giai quygt xich mich nh6m gia dinh: phdc thao tir nhiing ket qua nghien ciiu djnh tinh Tap chiXah^i hgc, so 1: 29-35 Cao Huyen Nga 1998 Mot s6 k£t qua bu6c diiu quan diSu tra thSm d6 sir xung dgt frong quan h? vg ch6ng c dia ban Tay Nguyen Tgp chi Tdm ly hgc, so Ciru Long Giang, Toan Anh 1974 Vi$t Nam chiin luge • Miin thugng cao nguyen Phy ban ciia cdc ngh^ sy nhiSp anh Nguyin Cao Dam, Nguyin Due Thjnh, TrSn VSn ChSu, Jean Lhuissier Sdi G6n Dew, Jeffrey vd John Dakin 2011 Financial Disagreements and Marital Conflict Tactics The Journal of Financial Therapy, Volume 2, Issue 1: 23 - 42 Dew, Jeffrey vd Robert Stewart 2012 A fmancial issue, a relationship issue, or both? Examining the predictors ofmaritai financial conflict The Journal of Financial Therapy, Vo\ume 3, \ssm 1:43-61 Ddo Thi Hieu 2016 Su/chdc biet vi4c gidi quyet mdu thudn vg chdng cUa ngudi ddn t^c Kinh vd ddn tgc Co Ho D6 tdi nghien cuu khoa hpc cap truong, Tru6ng Dai hpc Dd Lat Le Ngpe Hiing 2015 Uch swvd ly thuyet Xa hgi hgc.^\hBa\ hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi LS Phugng 1986 Tinh hinh ly hon hien vd nguySn nhSn ciia no Tgp chiXd hgi hgc, so 02: 39-45 Linh Nga Niekdam 2011 Vdn hoa ddn gian truyin thdng cUa tgc nguai K'Ho.'HxhTYidx^mtn HdN^i Mai Huy Bich 2009 Gido trinh Xd hoi hgc Gia dinh Nxb Dai hpc Qu6c gia Hd Ngi Nguyin H6ng Hd 2010 Nguyen nhan xung dot gia dinh du6i g6c dp cu xu vdi b ^ bS, hdng x6m Tgp chi Nghien cmi Gia dinh vd Giai, sb 3:2 -12 Phan Thj Luy6n 2016 Nguyen nhdn ly hon cua phu nir qua nghien cmi ho so toa dn nhdn ddn Nxb Tu phdp, Triin Thi Hiln, 2012 Hon nhan eua nguoi Lach Lam D6ng, trong: Tdy Nguyen dudi goc nhin Nhdn hgc (V6 Tin Tu ehu bien) Nxb Dai hpc Qu6c gia Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh Triin Thj Minh Thi 2011 Ly h6n 6- n6ng thon d6ng bdng song H6ng: quylt djnh cua cd nhan vd tac dpng ciia eac ylu t6 truyen th6ng, Gia dinh nong thon Viet Nam thai ky Ddi mdi (Trinh Duy Luan, Helie Rydstrom vd Wil Burghoom chii bien) Nxb Khoa hpc xd hgi Trjnh Thai Quang 2008 MSu thuan vg ch6ng - Bao l\rc doi vdi phy nil gia dinh nong thon, Gia dinh nong thon Vi^t Nam thai ky Doi mdi (Trinh Duy Luan, Helle Rydstrom vd Wil Burghoom chii bien) Nxb Khoa hgc xS hpi, Ha Npi Vu Tudn Huy 2003 Mdu thudn vg chong gia dinh vd nhOngyeu to dnh hudng Nxb Khoa hpc Xd h6i Vu Tudn Huy Thuc trang mdu thudn vg chdng gia dinh a nong thon hi^n vd nhimg nhdn 16 dnh hudng (Qua nghien cuu trudng hap tgi xd Lgc Hoa, thdnh Nam B(nh, tinh Nam Dinh) Truy cgp tir http://doc.edu.vn/tai-lieu/de-tai-thuc-trang-mau-thuan-vo-chong-trong-gia-dinh-o-nongthon-hien-nay-va-nhung-nhan-to-anh-huong-qua-nghien-cuu-57045/, ngdy 22/10/2017 ... ngudri cgu Khi gia dinh cd vi?c thi ngudi cau phdi diing thay mdt gia dinh gidi quylt Ngucri Ca Ho coi trpng gdi hon trai vi gdi di bdt chdng vd giu: ciia cdi gia dinh Gia dinh nguai Ca Ho thudmg... cugc dilu tra chgn mau 200 hp gia dinh nguoi ddn toe Co Ho tai Ldm D6ng thang ID nam 2017 Dia dilm khao sat t?i xa Gia Hiep, huy$n Di Linh, tinh Lam D6ng Tji dia ban xa co ting s6 611 hg gia dinh... gia dinh ciia ho thudc Icidu loai gia dinh hai thd he va gia dinh ba thd he Vide vq chdng xay mau thuan vdi la mdt didu khdng thd tranh khdi Ban thta ho ciing dS cd nhiing nd luc nhat dinh de giai