Nhân tố tác động tới động lực làm việc tại các công ty thẩm định giá TP hồ chí minh

Nhan to tac dong tdi dong li/c lam viec tai cac cong ty tham djnh gia TP Ho Chf Minh v a B A THAMH D A O v a THANG" PHAM MINH SY" Tdm tat Bdi viit sUdling phuang phdp phdn tich dinh lugng tU sdlieu khdo sdt dd'i vdi 250 nhdn vien dang ldm viic tai cdc cdng ty thdm dinh gid d TP Hd Chi Minh Kit qud nghiin etiu cho thdy cd thdnh phdn: (1) Phong cdch ldnh dgo (2) Luang thudng, (3) Dieu kien ldm viee, (4) Cdng viic thti vi, (5) Tu chu cdng viic, (6) Chinh sdeh khen thudng, (7) Ca hgi ddo tgo thdng tiin, (8) Thuang hieu edng ty, deu cd tdc ddng di'n dgng luc ldm viic cua nhdn viin lgi cac cdng ry thdm dinh gid d TP Ho Chi Minh Ttf khoa: ddng lUc ldm viic, thdm dinh gid viic ldm Summary The paper employs quantitative analysis of survey data with 250 employees at Ho Chi Minh Citybased appraisalfirms.The output indicates factors affecting employee motivation, including (1) Leadership style, (2) Pay, (3) Working conditions, (4) Interesting job, (5) Autonomy, (6) Reward policy, (7) Opportunity for training and promotion, (8) Corporate branding Keywords: work motivation, appraisal, employment C l d l THIEU Hien nay, nganh tham dinh gia dang ngdy cang phdt tnen manh me tai Viet Nam Nhffng nhan vien lam nganh tha'm dinh gia can phai cang hoan thien ban than hdn edng vide dd giup id chffc dat dffde mue tidu cao sff phat tnen chung cua thi trffdng Tuy nhien, td chffc eung phai tao ddng Iffc td't nha't de nhan vien eo the phat huy manh me hdn cac kha nang eiaa minh Dgng Itfc lam vide Id nen tang thuc da'y nhan vien hang say cdng vide vi muc tidu phdt tridn cua to ehffc, do hieu qud lam vide Cling se cao hdn cd dgng Iffc Mot ngffdi cd dgng Iffc lam vide la ngtfdi dd bdt tay vao lam vide, ma khdng can cd sff cffdng che' hode sff dp ddt ndo Vay, nhffng nhan td nao thdc diy dgng Iffc Iam viec cua nhan vidn nganh tham dinh gid'' Hieu rd dffdc vd'n dd cd tam quan ra't ldn, dd Id IJ/ nhdm tac gia lffa chon nghien cffu cdc nban to' tac ddng de'n dgng Iffc lam vide tai cdc cdng ty thd'm dinh gid a TP Hd Chi Mmh CCJ s a LY THUYET VA MO HINI N G H I E N CLTU Ddng Iffc ldm viec (Work Motivatior cd nhieu khdi nidm khdc nhau, hieu chin xdc dgng Iffc lam vide Id gi se giup ch nha quan ly eua td chtfc quyd't dinh hdn dgng nao de' khuyd'n khich nhdn vien cu hg Dinh nghia ddng Iffc (motivation) bi dau bang tff ddng cd (motive) Do A ddng Iffc ed the dffdc hieu la hanh dor de cung cd'p ddng cd cho ngffSi ndo d hanh ddng (Shanks, Nancy H, 2012) Theo Robbin (2001), ddng Iffc lai vide Id sff san long the hidn n§ Iffc ci ed nhan mdt edeh cao nha't dd hffdng t muc dich chung cua td chffc di( kidn mgt sd nhu ciu ea nhdn dffdc the man theo dung khd nang eua moi cd nhi dat dffdc Ddng Iffe cdn the hidn qi trinh tdm X^ tao sff dinh hffdng, sff thi •ThS., Cong ty TMHH Food Farm I Email: vbthanhl205@gmail.com " ThS., C6ng ty CP Thong tin va Tham dinh gia mien Nam *"ThS., Cong ly TNHH Food Farm Ngdynhdnbdi 16/09/2017, Ngdy phdn biSn 20/10/2017; Ngdy duy$t ddng: 23/10/2017 72 tinh va kidn tri dd nham thffe hidn dffde mue tidu de (Mitchell, 1982) Dong Iffc lam viec cung eo tiie dinh nghia la trang thdi md nhdn vien mud'n hdnh ddng de dat dtfdc nhiilig thdnh cdng tai ndi Idm viec va dgng Itfc dffdc xem Id ndng Itfdng dd khuyd'n khieh cdc hanh vi lien quan de'n edng vide, anh hffdng dd'n phong cdch lam vide, sff chi dao, cffdng va thdi gian Cd nhidu ly thuyet khdc vd dgng Iffc Cac nha khoa hge da nghidn ctfu chii de eua dgng Iffc nhieu thap nidn gan day vd da cd nhidu tie'n bg to ldn de giai thieh cho dgng Iffc Idm vide Cd the ke de'n mdt sd ly thuyd't da dffdc chffng minh va chdp nhan, eu the: Thuyit vi he thd'ng thU bde eua Maslow (1943) Theo Maslow, hanh vi eua eon ngffdi dffdc hinh tff mong mud'n thoa man mdt sdnhu elu ed ban vd dffdc chia thdnh bde ttf tha'p den cao, bao gdm: nhu cau sinh hge, nhu eau an todn, nhu cau xa hgi, nhu c^u tdn trong, nhu cau tff the hidn bdn thdn Maslovi* da chi rang, ngffdi quan ly mud'n tao dffdc dgng life cho nhan vidn thi can ehu trgng thoa man cae nhu cau eua hg Maslow da xay dffng nen thdp nhu cau vdi ca'u true tang, dd, nhtfng nhu cau cua ngffdi dffdc lidt kd theo thff bac kieu kim tff thdp Nhffng nhu ciu cd ban dffdc bd' tri d phia day thap phai dffdc thda mdn trffde thda man nhffng nhu cau khdc eao hdn Cdc nhu ciu bdc eao chi dffdc sinh va ed mong mud'n dffdc thoa man td't ca nhffng nhu cau cd ban phia dffdi dffde dap tfng day du Thuyit hai nhdn td Herzberg (1959) Frederick Herzberg (1959) bat diu nghidn ctfu ede nhan td anh hffdng den ddng life Iam viec iff giffa nam 1950 Dd'n nam 1959, dng da phdt tridn thuyet hai nhdn td ve thuc dd'y nhan vien Iam viec: nhan td ±ff nhd't la nhan td tri va nhdn td tiitf hai Id nban id' ddng Itfc Cdc nhan td tilde day, nhff: sff dat, dffdc cdng nhdn, cdng viec, trdch nhiem, stf thang tien va phdt tridn dffdc xem Id nhffng nban td bdn va tdc ddng ddn vide ldm nhff the ndo de thffe hien cdng viec Khi mgt nhdn vien dffde thuc day thi hg dau tff nhieu hdn cdng vide vd cd gang dd ldm tdt Cae nhdn to' tri, nhff: dieu kidn lam vide, tien Iffdng, chinh sdeh eua cdng ty, sff giam sat, mdi quan he giffa ede ed nhdn, dia vi vd cdng vide an loan dtfdc xem la nhiJng nhan tdtac ddng tff ben ngoai Cac nhan id d Forecas! Review HiMH: MO HIMH MaHlEM CCTU tac d&ng ddn sff hai long Irong cdng viec vd tac ddng manh me ddn vide giff chdn nhan vien Thuye't ky vgng cua Vroom (1964) Vroom cho rang, hanh vi va dgng cd lam vide cua ngtfdi dffdc quyet dinh bdi nhan thffc ve nhffng ky vong cua hg cdng vide Do dd, Vroom khdng tap trung vao nbu cau eua ngffdi, ma lap trung vao kJ vgng ve kha nang thffc hidn cdng vide dd dat kd'l qud td't, sd Iffdng va sff hdp ddn eua phin tiiffdng vd xoay quanh ba khai nidm ed ban: (1) Sff ky vgng, (2) Phin thffdng, (3) Hda tri cua phdn thffdng Theo Vroom thi nhdn vien chi cd dgng Iffe Iam vide nhdn thtfc cua bg ve ca ba khdi nidm hay ba mdi quan he trdn la tich cUc Thuyit 10 nhdn tddgng viin cda Kovach (1987) Nam 1987, Kovach da bd sung mo hinh cdc nhan td tao ddng Iffc lam vide cho nhan vien tren cac dd'i ttfdng lao ddng ngdnh eong nghiep Foreman Facts (Vien quan he Iao ddng New York) dffa vao nam 1946 vd dffa md hinh 10 nhdn td ddng vidn nhan vidn, bao gdm: (I) Cong vide ihu vi, (2) Dffdc cong nhan day dir cdng vide da lam, (3) Sff tff chii cdng vide, (4) Cdng vide dn dinh, (5) Lffdng tbtfdng, (6) Stf thang tien va phat trien nghd nghiep, (7) Dieu kidn Iam vide td't, (8) Sff gdn bd cua cap trdn vdi nhan vidn, (9) Xff ly ky ludt kheo leo, (10) Stf giup dd cua ca'p tren de gidi quye't va'n dd ca nhan LTu did'm cua md binh la phan loai cu the ede khia canh cd the anh hffdng de'n dgng Iffc nhdn vien, bdc tach tffng nhdn tdgiup cho nhd quan Iy kiem sodt dtfdc va'n dd ein lam Khuyet die'm cua md hinh la ehffa ndu ro dffdc vai tro anh hffdng eua nhdn id'van hda doanh nghiep dd'n dgng Itfc nhan vidn, dieu rat quan trgng mgt doanh nghiep hien Trdn cd sd 15' thuyd't ve ddng Iffc va cdc md hinh nghien cffu trffde day cho tha'y, 10 nhan tdanh hffdng de'n ddng life ldm viec cua Kovach de xud'l khd day dii, bao qudt dffdc cdc ly thuyd't ve tao ddng life ldm vide cua nhdn vien vd dffdc da so' cde nghidn ctfu ve dgng Iffc lam viec sff dung Cung tren cd sd dd, nghien cffu ndy, nhdm tdc gia stf dung dd xua't cua Kovach vd cd chinh sffa cho phu hdp thffe te Vidl Nam de nghien cffu nhdn tdtac dgng tdi ddng Iffc lam viec tai cde cdng 73 Bi^n BAMG 1: KET QUA PHAM TJCH D O TIM CAY VA PHAM TICH EFA Cronbach's Nhan ttf AlDha I S SKT6 SKT4 SKT3 SKT7 SKTI SKT2 HCT2 HCT3 HCT6 HCTl •HCT5 •HCT4 CCV5 CCVl CCV4 CCV2 •CCV3 CLD5 CLD4 CLD2 CLD3 CLDl :VTV6 :VTV3 :VTV5 0,875 0.691 0.631 0,802 0.793 0,78 0,777 0.703 0,669 0,87 0,833 0.809 0.723 0.696 T3 Tl ,T7 ,T2 T4 )TTT5 )TTT2 )TTT4 )TTT1 PhiTcFng sai (rich 0,884 0.879 0,828 0.802 0.706 0.695 0,883 0.877 0.817 0.763 0.696 0.675 :vTvi :VTV4 )KLV5 )KLV1 )KLV4 )KLV2 )KLV3 0,871 - TCCV Id Dffdc Iff ehfl cSnj viec vdi bie'n quan sdt ky hidu tf TCCVIdenTCCV6; - CSKT Id Chinh sdch khen thfffliij vdi bie'n quan sdt ky hidu ttf CSKTl dd'n CSKT7; - DTTT Id Ca hdi ddo tao, thdng tig'i vdi bie'n quan sdt ky hidu tff DTTT! de'n DTTT5; - THCT la Thffdng hidu cdng ty v3 bie'n quan sat ky hieu ttf THCTI der THCT6 Nghien cffu stf dung phffdng phdp choi mau phi xac sua't Nhdm tdc gia da gft bang cdu hoi khao sdl ldi 280 nhdn viei dang lam vide tai ede cdng ty th£m dial gid a TP Hd Chi^Minh ndm 2()1( va thu ve 264 phie'u khao sdl, sau loa di nhitng phieu khdng dat ydu elu cfenia 250 bdng tra Idi hdp Id, vin dapffngdifdi ydu elu vd ed mlu eho nghien cffu Banj cdu hdi cho nghidn effu ndy stf dung Ihaiij Likert vdi mffc 0,842 KET 0.811 0.72 0.716 0.682 0.642 QUA N G H I E N CLTU Kiem dinh dd tin cgy thang 0,821 Thffc hidn kidm dmh tin c|y ciii thang bang be sd Cronbach's Alpbi cho tha'y, nhan to' "Phong cdch lanh dao' 0.75S bi loai di bid'n quan sdt PCLD6; "Lifdn] 0.73 0.718 0,812 thffdng" loai di bid'n quan sal LT6; "0 0.7*1 hgi dao tao va thang tie'n" loai di biei 0.647 quan sat DTTT3 Cdc bie'n quan sat coi 0.901 Iai ddu eo tin edy eao (Cronbach' 0.879 0,851 Alpha > 0.6) ndn khdng bi loai va difdi 0.732 0.668 sff dung cho bffdc phan tich nhdn to'khan 21,203 31.114 39,015 45,449 51,218 56,333 60,738 64,681 pha (EFA) tid'p theo Ben canh dd, kiln dinh tin cay bang Cronbach's Alphi 3.31 S K M n = ft.S04 d bien quan sat cua nhdn to' phu thua sip.=o.oon "Dgng Iffc ldm vide" ciing deu dat ddli: Mguon; Tinh t o j n cua nhom tac gia bang SPSS cay cao ndn dffdc stf dung de phan tfci ty tham dinh gid TP Ho Chi Minh Md hinh nghidn cffu EFA cho bffdc tie'p theo de xua't nhff Hinh vd cd phffdng trinh hdi quy nhff sau: Phdn tieh EFA DONGLUC ^a+p* PCLD + ^^ * L7 + ff * DKLV Nhdm tdc gid da phai thtfc hien pha + ^, * CVTV + p^ ^ TCCV + d * CSKT + p^ * DTTT +tieh EFA ldi iln vd bid'n quan sdt LT5 v p^ * THCT CVTV2 bi loai khdi md hinh d lin thu Trong do: hidn EFA iln cd ke't qua nhff Bang I vt - DONGLUC la Ddng life ldm vide vdi bid'n quan he sd KMO ^ 0,804 > 0,6 eho thay kt sdt ky hieu tff DONGLUC I de'n D0NGLUC6; qua phan tieh EFA dam bao dd tin cay v - PCLD Id Phong edch lanh dao vdi bie'n quan sat viee phan tich Id thich hdp Gid tri Sig 0,000 < 0,05 kidm dinh Barllet cli k^ hieu tff PCLDI dd'n PCLD6; ' - LT la Lffdng thffdng vdi bid'n quan sdt ky hieu tff thd'y, kd't qua phdn tieh ddm bao dffdc mi y nghia tiidng kd Idn hdn 95% va cdc hii LTldd'nLT7; - DKLV la Dieu kidn Iam vide vdi bid'n quan sdt quan sat ed tffdng quan vdi ffot tdng thd Gid tri tdng phffdng sai ffic ky hidu iff DKLV I den DKLV5; - CVTV Id Cdng vide thu vi va thaeh vdi bien bang 64,681% tiid hien cdc nhdn td di tff phep phdn tich cd thd giai thich dift quan sdt ky hieu tff CVTV den CVTV 6; 74 64,681% Sff bie'n thien cua dff lieu khdo sdt ban dau He soldi nhdn tdeua cac bid'n quan sat mdi nhdn td deu ldn hdn 0,5 the hidn sff bidu dien tdt eua eae bie'n ddi vdi nhan to md cde bid'n dd tiid hidn Ket gad hdi quy Thtfe hien phdn tich hdi quy vdi bid'n phu tbugc DONGLUC vd bien dde lap la PCLD, LT, DKLV, CVTV, TCCV, CSKT, DTTT, THCT bang phan mdm SPSS ta dffdc kd't qua Bang Theo dd, cdc bidn dgc Idp ddu tdc ddng den bid'n phu thude DONGLUC vdi chi sd Sig = 0,000 > 0,05 Hd sdR' la 0,716 vd R- hieu chmh la 0,707 eho tha'y gidi thich dffdc 70,7% sff tdc ddng cua cdc phan dd'n ddng life lam vide Cdc he sd VIF deu nhd hdn ehffng td md binh hdi quy khong xay hien tffdng da cgng tuyen Phdn tich hdi quy cho ta md hinh chuan bda nhff sau: DONGLUC = 0,260 * PCLD + 0,216 *LT+ 0,226 * DKLV + 0,202 * CVTV + 0,192 * TCCV + 0.172 * CSKT + 0.118 * DTTT + 0,097 * THCT Tff phffdng trinh tren ta nhan tha'y nhan to' "Phong each lanh dao" ed dnh hffdng Idn nhd't ddn "Ddng Iffc lam vide " eua nhan vien tai cdc cdng ty tham dinh gid d TP Hd Chf Minh Bdn canh dd, nhdn td' "Thffdng hidu edng ty" dffdng nhff it quan trgng den dgng Itfc ldm vide cd chi sd anh hffdng tha'p nhat KET LUAN VA KIEN NCHj Qua ket qua nghien effu eho thay, ca nhan td: (1) Phong each lanh dao, (2) Lffdng thffdng, (3) Dieu kien Iam vide, (4) Cong vide thii vj va thdch thffe, (5) Tff chu cdng vide, (6) Chinh sdch khen thffdng, (7) Cd hdi dao tao, thdngtie'n,(8) Thffdng hidu cdng ty deu cd tac ddng dd'n ddng life lam viec cua nhdn vien tai cae cdng ty thim dinh gid d TP Ho Chi Minh BAMG 2; KET QUA HOI QOY ThSng kS da cong H6sd ms6 tuygn chua chuan h6a t Sig chain hoa B Sai s6 chuan Beta Dune sai VIF (Constanl) ,163 ,145 1,129 ,0K5 PCLD ,151 ,021 ,^60 7,056 ,000 763 1,310 LT ,156 ,216 5,980 ,000 795 1,258 ,026 DKLV ,150 ,025 ,226 6,043 ,000 ,741 1.349 CVTV ,124 ,024 202 5.277 ,000 ,706 1,417 TCCV ,164 ,032 ,192 5,194 000 ,763 1,311 CSKT ,124 ,028 ,172 4,507 ,000 ,716 1,396 DTTT ,072 ,022 ,118 3,243 ,001 790 1,266 THCT ,021 ,022 ,097 2,495 ,0)3 845 1,183 a Bien phy thuoc: DONGLUC R= = 0,716, R^ hieu chfnh - 0,707 Gia tn F = 74,428; Sig = 0,000 M6 hinh n tac gia bSng SPSS Trong ede nhdn id tae ddng tren tbi Phong each lanh dao la CO tdc ddng manh nha't Dieu dd chffhg td rang, dgng life dd nhan vien lam viec tdt hdn la tff ngffdi lanh dao Do do, ngffdi lanh dao phai cd tim nhin phdt tridn ddi ban, ttf phdt trien nganh nghe thim dinh gid, phdt trien cdng ty de'n phat trien ngffdi Bdn eanh do, sff quan tam, chia se e6a lanh dao dd'n nhdn vidn ciing Id nhan td tich effe, tao ndn sff gin gui, ydn tdm dd ngffdi lao ddng cdng hid'n hd't minh Ngffdi ldnh dao cin co sff quan tdm dung mffc dd'n nhffng gdp y cua nhan vidn tren quan diem cdng viec vd ldi ich chung ciia td chffc de xem xdt va cai thien hieu suat lam viec cua nhan vidn hdn nffa Ngoai ra, nganh tham djnh gid la mdt nganh doi hoi cd tri thffc, kinh ngbiem va ham Itfdng chat xdm eao, ed dffde mgt mdi trffdng tich cffc se cd tdc ddng td't de'n tinh thin Idm vide eua ngffdi lao dgng Cde cdng ty tham dinh gid ndn tao mdl mdi trffdng lam vide thoai mdi, cong bang Hdn nffa, ngdnh Iham dinh gid la mdt nganh cd tinh trdch nhiem phdp ly cao, nhat la cdc tham dinh vidn ve gia Neu sd sua't, chu quan hay Id Id, kbdng ky thi ngffdi tham dinh gid se de ddng vffdng vao trach nhiem vdi phap luat Mdt nhan td tdc ddng it dd'n ddng Iffc Iam vide dd la "Thffdng hidu cua cdng ty" Tuy nhien, vide xay dffng thffdng hieu lai rat quan trgng Viec lam cho mgi ngffcfi ydu thich Idm vide hdn va cam thd'y hai long hdn Gia tri mang lai chinh Id tao ddng Iffc cho dgi ngii nhan vidn, giup thue day viec thffc hien stf menh cua cdng ty.Q TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Herzberg, F (1959) The Motivation to Work (2nd ed), Wiley, New York Kovach, K.A (1987) What motivates employees worker and supervisors give different anwers Business Horizons, 30, 58-65 Maslow, A.H (1943) A theory of human motivation Psychological Review, 50, 370-396 Mitchell T R, (1982) Motivation: new direction for theory, research, and practices Academy of Management Review, 17, 80-88 Robbins, S.P (2001) Organizational behavior (9th ed.) New Jersey: Prentice Hall Shanks, Nancy H (2012) Management and Motivation, iones and Barlett, 23-35 Vroom, V H (1964) Work and motivation, Wiley, New York 75 ... nhd't ddn "Ddng Iffc lam vide " eua nhan vien tai cdc cdng ty tham dinh gid d TP Hd Chf Minh Bdn canh dd, nhdn td' "Thffdng hidu edng ty" dffdng nhff it quan trgng den dgng Itfc ldm vide cd chi... hdi dao tao, thdngtie'n,(8) Thffdng hidu cdng ty deu cd tac ddng dd'n ddng life lam viec cua nhdn vien tai cae cdng ty thim dinh gid d TP Ho Chi Minh BAMG 2; KET QUA HOI QOY ThSng kS da cong... tdc gia da gft bang cdu hoi khao sdl ldi 280 nhdn viei dang lam vide tai ede cdng ty th£m dial gid a TP Hd Chi ^Minh ndm 2()1( va thu ve 264 phie'u khao sdl, sau loa di nhitng phieu khdng dat ydu