TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH$ Tmdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc- Dgi hgc Hui Tap 4, S6 ( THV"C TRANG CHUYDN DJCH CO CAU LAO ©ONG NONG THON THOn KY C N G N G H I E P HOA, H I £ N D ^ I HOA (NgbiSn cihi trudng ho^p xi Quang Phu, huyen Quang Diin, tinh Thira Thien Hui) Le Duy Mai Phumig Khoa Xd hgi hgc, Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - Bgi hgc Hui Email: maiphuongl089.xhh@gmail.com T6M TAT Bdi viil phdn tich thuc trgng chuyen djeh ca cdu lao dgng tgi xd Qudng Phd, huyin Qudng Diin tinh Thua Thiin Hue bii cdnh cong nghiep hda, hign dgi hda (cy thi Id giai dogn hi 2004 den 2013) theo hai hudng: Theo nganh vd iheo vimg dja l^ Ngodi vigc Idm ro xu hudng chimin dich ca cdu lao dgng ndi chung qud trinh chimin dfch ndy cSng dugc phdn tich tren hai yeu td nhdn khdu liin quan mat thiit din ngudi lao dgng gdm: Gidi tinh vd h-inh dg chuyin mon ky thugt TH tdc gid di xudt mdt si gidi phdp gop phdn thiic ddy qud h-inh chuyin dich ca cdu lao dgng nong thon bin viing, ddp irng yeu cau cong nghiip hda, hiin dgi hoa ddt nude Tu khda: Ca cdu lao dgng chuyin djeh ca cdu lao dgng ndng thdn I Bat van de Sau Dai hpi dai bilu toin quIc lin thd VI ciia Ding Cdng Sin Vigt Nam(1986), ciing vdi dudng lli dii mdi cua dit nude, Vidt Nam di bit diu day mgnh edng cupc eong nghigp hda, hlgn dai hda (CNH, HDH) Theo do, Dang ta quyet djnh va chi dgo phai ludn ludn coi trpng, day manh CNH, HDH ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, coi day la npi dung quan ttpng cd tinh chit quyet djnh den thinh cdng ciia sy nghiep CNR, HDH dit nude Nhieu chitih sach da dupe ban hanh va thye thi nhlm thiic diy sy phat triln bd mat kinh tl-xS hOi khu vyc ndng thdn, dd bao gdm diy manh qui trinh chuyen ddi co can kinh te, co cau lao dpng theo hudng CNH, HDH Xi Quing Phu, huygn Quing Diin, tinh Thua Thien Hue la mpt dja ban ed nhieu Ipi the vd vj Ui dja 1^, Ii cda ngd cda huydn Quing Diin, tilp giip vdi eae khu cdng nghiep ctia thi xa Huong Tra, huydn Phong Dien va phi Hui, thuin Ipi eho vi^e budn bin, kinh doanh, ttao dii hang hda Dupc lya chpn Ii xa diem ciia chuong Uinh xay dyng ndng thon radi td nam 2010, chuyen djeh eo can lao ddng trd mot nhung tieu chi quan ttpng duoc chinh quyin dja phuong cac cip quan tam Giai doan 2004 - 2013 da chdng kiln sy thay dii ding kl Uong bd mat kinh te-xa hdi d dja phuang, Uong cd sy gdp phin rit Idn ciia sy chuyin djeh ca clu lao dpng thdi gian qua Tuy nhien, sy chuydn djeh vin chua dgt yeu clu so vol chu tiuong dl ra, theo ty le lao dpng ttong ndng nghidp cd giam nhung vin d mdc cao, t^ le 179 Thgc trang chuyin dich ea ciu lao ding ndng thdn ttiiri ky cong nghigp hoa, hign dgi hoa lao ddng cdng nghidp vi dich vu chdnh Igch qua Idn, chua phit huy dupc tiem nang djeh vu ciia dja phuang Bai viet dua ttdn kdt qua khao sat tgi thdn: Hg Lang, Ha Cing, Phu Le, Bao La vdi cac thdng tm dupc thu thgp tu nhilu phuang phap khac gim: Phuang phap phan tich tii ligu, phdng van bin ciu true (8 tmdng hpp), phong van cau tide (237 tmdng hpp, chpn mlu xac suit, cich lay mau phan ting ngau nhien) Thuc trang chuyen dich co cau lao dong d xa Quang Phii, huydn Quang Dien, tinh Thda Thien Hui Qua Uinh chuyin dich co ciu lao dpng ndng thdn chMi la qua trinh phan bd lai ngudn luc lao dpng xa hdi d ndng thdn theo xu hudng tidn bd han nham sd dyng cd hieu qui hon ngudn lao dpng ndng thdn Qua trinh phan bd lai ngudn lyc lao dpng ndng thon dien ttdn quy md toin bd khu vyc ndng thdn, phgra vi tiing khu vyc, timg nganh, tidig phin kinh te Trong gidi han bai vidt, tic gii phan tich su chuyen djeh eo eiu lao ddng ndng thdn ttong phgm vi nganh kinh td va khu vyc dja ly 2.1 Thuc trang chuyen dich cor clu lao ddng theo nganh 2.1.1 Tinh hinh chung ve sy chuyen djeh co cau lao ddng theo nganh Chuyen djeh eo eau lao dpng ndng thdn la mot ndi dung quan ttpng cda qua Umh CHH, HDH dit nude Sy chuyin djeh niy dupe bilu thi thdng qua sd luong/ty lg lao dpng phin bd tiong eac nganh kinh tl khac nhau, bao gdm ndng nghidp (ndng-lim-ngu nghiep), cdng nghidp (cdng nghiep va xay dyng) va dich vu Theo sd Heu nien giam thdng ke tu 2004-2013 cua huyen Quang Diin, ty Id lao ddng ndng nghidp da giam td 58,7% xudng 41,5%, lao ddng cdng nghiep tang tir 12,5% - 20,9% vi lao ddng djeh vu tang td 28,8% - 37,6% [5] Qua trinh chuyin dich co ciu lao ddng tai xa Quang Phii 10 nam qua nam Uong xu hudng chung ciia huyen Kdt qua khao sat cho thiy, eo clu lao ddng nginh chuyin dich theo hudng giim ty Id lao dpng ndng nghiep va ting ty lg lao ddng cdng nghidp, dieh vy Cy thi, ty lg lao ddng ndng nghiep giim tu 51,4% (2004) xudng cdn 39,7% (2013), lao dpng cdng nghigp tang td 25% (2004) Idn 28,4% (2013), lao ddng dich vu tang tu 23,6% (2004) len 31,9% (2013) Nhu vay, tmh din thdi diem 2013, ndng nghiep van la nganh chilm ty Id lao dong cao nhat, tilp ddn la dich vu vi cuoi cimg la cdng nghigp Tuy nhidn, cung phii nhm nhin ring ^ le lao dpng ndng nghiep c6 sy biin ddng Idn nhit so vdi cic nganh lgi, giam din 11,8% Doi vdi mpt viing thuin ndng nhu xa Quang Phii, radc giim niy khing djnh sy chuyin bien tich cyc co ciu lao ddngtihdigian qua TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH$ Tnrimg Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - Dai hgc Hui Tjp 4, S6 (201 Biia di Co clu lao dpng theo nginh tir 2004-2013 (%) 100% 80% - 60% - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 40% - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 20% - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Trong npi bp nganh ndng nghigp, cd sy ehuyin djeh tu hogt dpng thuin ndng, gian don, nang suat thap sang cac md hinh sin xuat cd quy md Idn Theo do, ngoai cac ciy tting trayln thdng nhu lua, lgc, san, nhidu ndng dan di tu hpc hdi nhau, chuyen doi sang trdng mia hogc lam nim sd, mang Igi higu qua kinh te cao Hay hoat ddng chan nudi iriu bo thay vi lly sdc keo nhu tmdc thi ngudi dan lai tip tmng nudi Uau vd beo bin thjt Nudi trlng thiiy hai san vdi sy giiip cua chinh quydn dja phuang ciing phit Uiln hon vdi md hinh thd nghigm nudi ci long tren sdng Bd Vdi viec ap dyng khoa hpc 1^ thuit va eo gidi hda sin xult ndng nghiep cing phd biin da glim cdng lao dpng Uen dong mdng, gdp phan thuc diy sy chuyin djeh eo clu lao ddng ndng nghidp sang cong nghigp va djeh vu O nginh edng n ^ g p , qui trinh chuyen dich dien khiem ton Tu 2004-2013, ty lg lao ddng cong nghiep ehi tang thera 3,4% Dja ban M Quing Phu khdng nhiing dupc hilt la mpt vimg dat thuan ndng ma cdn la noi cd nghe tieu thii cdng nghidp nii tiing miy tte dan, chim non, lam huong Khdng it lao dpng tgi dja phuong tham gia vao nhieu khau san xuat cac mat hang thii cdng truyen thdng td xa xua Tuy nhien, vdi su phat trien va egnh ttanh cang khdc liet ciia nen kinh te thj tradng, nginh tieu tiid cdng nghigp gap rat nhieu khd khan khien nhieu ngudi phai bd nghd Do do, ty Id lao ddng cdng nghigp cd xu hudng giam xuong Den nam 2008, nhd sy xuat hidn ciia cac khu cdng nghiep Huong Tra, Phong Dien vi eic xi nghidp may mac tu nhin khu vyc lin cgn da thu hut sy tham gia mdt luong Idn lao ddng td dja phuong, die bi#t Ii lao ddng ndng nghigp Vi vay, ty lg lao dpng hx)ng edng nghiep nim 2013 din eo xu hudng ting nhe ttd lai so vdi thdi diem 2004 Khac vdi cdng nghigp, t^ Id lao ddng nganh dich vy tang Idn ding ke ttong 10 nim qua, din 8,3% Thye trang xult phat td cie chinh sach diu tu co sd hg ting, tmdc hit phai kl din cdng trinh clu Td Phii dupc xiy dyng vio nam 2006 tao thugn Ipi cho hogt ddng giao thuong, budn bin; bdn canh dd xa cdn lgp khu thuong mai - djeh vu Ha Lang, chp Quang Phii, thu hut nhilu lao dpng md cua hing budn bin Khdng nhung viy, nhieu ngudi cQng ty hpc nghe va hinhtihanhcie djeh vy mdi Uen que huong rainh nhu cit tdc, sua xe miy, cho thue dan nhgc tgo nen khdng gian sim uat eua ngd huygn Quing Dien Tdra lgi, td 2004-2013 di cd sy suy giim ty le lao dpng ndng n ^ e p va gia ting sd lupng lao dpng cdng nghidp vi djeh vu, die bigt la ddi vdi Ilhh vyc djeh vu Sy chuyin djeh didn mgnh me nhat td nim 2006 Mgc dd sy chuyin djeh co ciu lao ddng theo nganh tai dja Thuc trang chuyen dich ca ciu lao ^ng nong thdn iiioi hy cong nghi$p hoa hign dgi hda phuong vin chua dip ung dupe chi tieu de nhung ciing phin inh dupc sa bien ehuyen eo cau lao ddng diing hudng d xa Quang Phd thdi gian qua Vdi xu hudng niy, dy bio nhftng nam tdi, Iyc lupng lao ddng nai day se tiep tue chuyen djeh tich cue, djeh vu sd Ii Itnh vye cd nhieu tilm nang phat triln hem ei, giup dja phuong dat duoc cac tieu ehi theo ydu ciu ciia cdng cudc CNH, HDH 2.1.2 Chuyin djeh co clu lao ddng theo nginh xet vl goc dp gidi tinh Theo Ca quan Phu nft Lien Hop Qudc (UN Women) vi To chdc Ndng luong Lien Hpp Qudc (FAO), d Vigt Nam, ndng nghidp li mdt phuong tien sinh ke quan trpng, do ty Id phy nu lim vide nganh ndng nghiep ludn d muc cao hon so \di the gidi vi phu nft cimg lim ndng nhilu hon nam gidi Tgi cae khu vyc ndng thdn, khoang each gidi cdn Idn hon cd tdi 63,4% phu nft so vdi vdi 7,5% nam gidi dang lam vigc Uong lihh vyc ndng nghigp [12], Tgi Quing Phu, thuc trgng niy ciing khdng la ngogi lg Nam 2004, ty Id lao ddng ndng nghiep d nam gidi la 48,6% v i nu gidi la 54,5%; nim 2013 giam xudng cac mdc tuong dng li 35,5% vi 44,8% Nhin chung, ty lg lao dpng ndng nghidp d ci nam gidi va nft gidi 10 nim diu cd xu hudng giam, nhirag van d muc cao nhit so vdi toan nginh Ngoii ra, mde giim ty Id lao dpng ndng nghiep d nam (13,1%) cao han so vdi nft (9,7%) Nhu viy, nam gidi khdng nhung lam ndng it hon mi cdn de ding tich khdi hoat ddng ndng nghidp hon nhilu so vdi nu gidi Trii nguoc vdi bdc tranh nganh ndng nghigp, Iyc lupng lao dpng gia tang d ca hai lihh vyc cdng nghigp va dich vy, Uong nam chiem ty le eao hon so vdi nft Ca the, co eiu lao ddng ttong cdng nghigp gjai doan 2004-2013 d nam gidi la 26,1% vi 31,8% thi d nft gidi li 23,8% va 25% Ddi vdi dich vu, ty lg lao dpng d nam gidi Ii 25,2% va 32,7% thi d nft gidi Ii 21,8% va 30,2% Khdng nhftng ty le lao dpng hai nginh tren cd su khic phin theo gidi tmh ma mdc tang ty le d ca hai nhdm nam va nft ciing khdng gidng Theo do, eo ciu lao ddng cdng nghiep tang 5,7% ddi vdi nam va tang 1,2% doi vdi nd, co cau lao ddng djeh vu tang 7,5% ddi vdi nam va 8,4% ddi vdi nft So lieu phan tich tten day cho thay, nam gidi cd xu hudng tiep tuc tri Iyc lupng lao dpng d Iinh vyc cdng nghigp ttong nu gidi lai cd xu huong tham gia mgnh me hon ttong dieh vy Ket qua nghien cdu djnh tinh cung ghi nhin xu hudng nay: "Co nhieu ngitdi ehuyen tir nong nghiep sang lam thg mde, tha xdy dung co tay nghi cao cdng lue eimg dong han hdn so vdi trudc Ida Mdy nghe ni ehu yeu Id ddn ong lam vl hg lam tit xita chir roi Ngodi ra, nguai ddn eon ehuyen doi sang kinh doanh, dich vu nhu ban hdng tap hoa, md qudn dn, lam huong Mdy nghe ni thi chu yeu Igi la ddn bd Ban bd d nhd vda lam rugng, vira buon bdn nhu rda (the ndy) bda ni d day la da so " [Nam, 56 moi, phd tnidng thdn, xa Quang Phii] Qua day cd tihe nhgn thay su khic biet ro ret vl nganh kinh tl ma mdi lao ddng dim nhin phin theo gidi tinh Nam gidi cd xu hudng bd nghe ndng vi chuyen hin sang cac nganh lien quan den ky thuat hoac can den sue vdc, ttong dd nft gidi lai ket hpp lim ndng vi md TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CCNG NGH$ Tmong Dgi hge Khoa hgc - Dgi hgc Hui T$p 4, S6 (2016) rpng cic hogt dpng kmh doanh, budn bin dya tten cac Ipi thd td qua Uinh nang cap co sd hg tang tai dja phuang Nhin chung, nam gidi cd xu hudng chuyen mdn hda vio linh vyc phi ndng nghigp nft gidi Igi da dgng hda hoat dpng sin xult cua minh kit hpp ca ndng nghigp va phi ndng nghigp Tdm lgi, giai dogn 2004-2013 chung kiln sy thay dii co eiu lao dpng mgnh rae Uong ba Idih vyc nginh kinh tl phin theo gidi tinh Ty lg lao dpng nam vi lao ddng nu Uong ndng nghigp cd xu budng giim, nam giim nhidu hon so vdi nft Dd cung chinh la ly ma t^ Id lao ddng tham gia vao hai liiih vyc cdng nghigp va djeh vy d nam gidi Igi cao hon Tuy nhidn, ndu nam gidi cd xu hudng tilp tyc ddng gdp ngudn lyc mgnh me cdng nghigp, thi nft gidi lai chu trpng vi tham gia nhieu hon ddi vdi djeh vy 2.1.3 Chuyin djeh cociu lao dpngtiheonganh xdtve goc dp chuyen mdn ky thuit Chuyen mdn ky thugt (CMKT) la rapt ttong nhung ehi tidu quan dpng dl ludng chat lupng ngudn lao dpng, la yeu td tie dpng tryc tiep den ning suit, higu qua lao dpng va sy tang tmdng cua cac nganh kinh te Khi ngudi lao dpng dupc dio tao nghe, hp se cd thien hudng tim kiem va lim viec cic lmh vuc nghe nghidp di dupc hpc Chinh vi vgy, phan Idn lao dpng tham gia vio nginh ndng nghidp chi thuc sy tip tmng d cic nhdra khdng cd bang cap hoac bang cip thip Cu till, ttong 10 nira qua, nhdm khdng cd CMKT giam td 56,8% xudng cdn 45,7%, nhdm so cip giam hi 14,3% - 0%, nhdm ttung d p giamti>30% - 25% va nhdm Uen CD, DH giam tii 60% - 0% Nhu vgy, ly Id lao dpng ndng nghigp deu cd xu hudng giim d cie nhdm CMKT, Uong lao dpng d hai nhdm so cap va tten CD, DH da hoan toan tich khdi ndng nghidp, tiiara gia chu Iyc vao nganh cdng nghiep va djeh vy Ddi vdi nginh cdng nghiep, tJ le lao ddng d hai nhdm so cap va trung cip ludn dat mde cao hon so vdi hai nhdm cdn lgi Cu the, ty Id lao ddng cdng nghigp vao nam 2004 eua cic nhdm khdng cd CMKT la 20,5%, nhdra so cap la 51,7%, nhdm trung cap Ii 60% va nhdm Uen CD, DH la 40% tiii din tiidi dilm 2013 cham mic lln lupt Ii 23,7%, 51,7%, 50% vi 50% Ngoii ra, ty Id lao dpng Uong edng nghidp d cic nhdm cung cd sy bien ddng khac Theo dd, t^ le lao ddng nhdm so d p cd xu hudng chftng lgi (0%), nhdm tinng d p giam xudng (10%) vi hai nhdm khdng ed CMKT vi nhdm tten CD, DH Igi tang len vdi mde tuong dng 3,2% va 10% Dilu niy cho thiy, ttong nganh edng nghigp da xuit hign tmh trang bao hda ttong d u lao ddng ddi vdi nhdm cd Uuih dp CMKT so cip, Uung d p vi tang ngudn cung lao ddng tir hai nhdm khdng cd CMKT vi nhdm trdn CD, DH Ddi vdi nginh djeh vu, xu hudng lao dpng tang diu d cie nhdra CMKT, Theo do, ^ lg lao ddng linh vyc djeh vu giai dogn 2004-2013 ciia cac nhdm khdng cd CMKT la 22,7% 30,6%, nhdm so cip Ii 28,6% - 42,9%, nhom tmng d p la 10% - 25% vi nhdra trdn CD, DH la 0% - 50% Nhu vgy, nhdm lao ddng cd tiinh dp CMKT tren CD, DH la ddi tupng tham gia Thgc trgng ehuyin djeh ca ciu lao dgng nong thon thoi Ity cong nghidp hda, hiin dgi hoa nhieu nhat vio liiih vyc djeh vu vi ciing la nhdm cd radc tang cao hon hin so vdi cac nhdm Igi Vdi nhiing phin tich tten day, cd the thiy ring khdng ed sy khic bigt qua Idn Uong qua trinh chuydn djeh co cau lao dpng xet td goc dp CMKT Theo dd, neu lao dpng d eic nhdm so d p va trung cip glim ^ Id lao ddng ndng nghiep va cdng nghigp de chuyen dich sang nginh djeh vy thi lao ddng d eic nhdm khdng cd CMKT va tren CD, DH Igi cd xu hudng thoit khdi ndng nghidp va ddng gdp lyc lupng lao dpng vao ci hai nganh cdng i^hiep vi djeh vu Ket qua eing mmh chdng rang, ty lg lao ddng djeh vu eing gia ting, gdp phin thuc day sy chuyen dich eo ciu lao dpng dung hudng d khu vyc ndng tihdn Tren thye te, lao dong dupc dio tgo trinh dd so cip vi tmng cip thudng cd dinh hudng rd ring ttong vide lya chpn nganh nghe dio tao Phin Idn hp cd the xin vao lam vigc d cie nhi miy, xi nghidp, ttd cdng nhin may, edng nhin sua ehua miy mdc hoic thp xiy dyng Phin khac cd thi tham gia vio lihh vuc djeh vu nhu md tiem sua xe miy, dign Ignh, d t tdc, may mgc Tuy nhien, cd mot van de dang ban la ban than nhftng lao dpng cd trinh dd tren CD, DH cung khdng the tun dupc vigc lira td chmh nganh nghe rainh dupc dao tgo, nhat la tim vigc tgi que huong lgi cang khdngtihe.Mpt can bp dja phuang cho biet: "Con em hge Bgi hge khdng ed viee lam lgi phdi xin lam nhiing viee khdc dii khong dung ngdnh nghe ditgc hgc Chdng han mdy eon be nhd toi trudng, khong xin dugc viee phdi di phy bdn cd phi, lan da v6 Nam xin Idm tgm a ede nhd Tway ehd viec khde Thon ddy, mgt sg em hpc xong Bgi hgc, Caa ddng phdi chdp nhdn di may Nhiing nghi thgr may, thg m^c, thg hi rdt di kiem Nhung nghe doi vdi edc em co bdng cdp ihi khd, nhdt Id edc em hoc Bgi hgc, Cao ddng" [Nam, 45 tudi, tmdng thdn Hg Lang 1, xa Quang Phii] Day ciing li thye trang chung ciia nhieu khu vyc ndng thdn tten ci nude Tdm Igi, sy chuyen dich co cau lao ddng theo nganh phan theo trinh dp CMKT hidu hign ro sy suy giim tj- le lao ddng ttong ndng nghiep vi gia tang ty le lao ddng cdng n^iep, djeh vy Trong do, nhdm CMKT cao nhit cd mde giam ty le lao dpng ndng nghiep Idn nhit Khdng cd sy khac biet qui Idn ve qui Uinh chuyen dich co can lao ddng d cac nhdm CMKT, hiu het lao ddng d eac nhdm Udn deu cd xu hudng tham gia manh me vao linh vyc dich vu hon so vdi cdng nghigp 2.2 Thye trgug chuyen dich co cau lao dong theo viing 2.2.1 Tmh hmh chung ve sy chuyen djeh CO d u lao ddng theo viing Chuyen djeh co cau lao ddng theo vung dja Iy la sy thay doi noi lam vi^e eiia ngudi lao dpng rapt khoang thdi gian xic dinh Vdi dgetihdcua dia ban nghien cuu, sy ehuyen djeh dupc xem xet theo huihtihdc;(1) lam viec d cac noi khic Uong tinh (thdn, xa, huygn, tihinh phd), (2) lim vice d cac tinh khac khu vyc railn Tnmg, (3) lam vigc d khu vyc mien BIC, (4) lam viec d khu vuc mien Nam, (5) lam viec d nude ngoii Ket qui nghidn edu ehi rang, xu hudng di lira in ngoii dja phuong ngiy cang bien ttong 10 nim qua Cd den 83,4% ngudi dupc hdi ddng tinh vdi nhin djnh ngiy cing ed TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH$, Tnidng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc- Dgi hgc Hui Tjp 4, S6 (2016) nhieu lao ddng rdi khdi dja phuong lam an Chi rit it ttong so quay ttd Igi que huong lgp nghidp Td 2006-2007 la thdi dilm bung nl cua qui trinh chuyen djeh co ciu lao dpng theo viing Sd lupng lao ddng rdi khdi dia phuang Uen thing dat mdc 550 ngudi vio nam 2006 vi 786 ngudi vao nam 2007, sd niy d hai thdi dilm 2004 vi 2013 la 44 ngudi va 73 ngudi [4] Thye te cho thiy, de dip ung cdng tic xay dyng eo sd hg ting vio nim 2006, nhieu dign tich dit san xuat ndng nghigp bjtihuhii khidn ngudi ndng din bj mat viec lam Hon nua, ban thin hp ggp rat nhieu khd khin tim kiem mdt cdng vigc mdi tgi dja phuong khdng cd tay nghe, thieu vdn, thieu nhan Iyc, khan hiem viec lira Dilu cung Iy giai vi cd din 70,9% ngudi dupe hdi cho bilt nhilu lao dpng phai di lam in xa khdng thi tun dupc vide lam tgi dja phuong Khi quyet dinh tim kiem vi^e lam d mpt noi khac, cd nhidu lya ehpn cho ngudi lao ddng cd the tira den de Uen hd cho edng viec ciia rainh Cie tinh phia Nam la noi din cua dai da sd lao dpng tung lam in ngoii dja phuong, dgt 53% Tilp theo ii lim vigc ttong tinh hoae cic tmh khac d khu vye railn Trung vdi cac ty Id tuong dng 26,7% va 25,3% Chi 7,2% lya chpn cac tinh phia Bic vi 3% lya chpn nude ngoai Dieu cd nghTa, di cu lao dgng nude ngoii khdng phai la hinh thde chuyin djeh co ciu lao ddng diin huih ciia dja phuong, thay vio dd, miin Nam vi mien Trung Viet Nam la hai dia chi duoc nhilu lao ddng noi day lya chpn nhim tim cho minh mdt cdng viec phd hpp Bieu 2, Noi den cua lao ddng tiing lim an ngoai dja phuong giai dogn 2004-2013 (%) Trong tinh Thih khic Cac thih Cic thih dmiln phiaBlc phia Nam Trung Nude ngoii Ciing vdi eac chinh sich phit trien kinh te, nhieu viing kinh te Upng diem dupc diu tu xiy dyng tgo nen thi tradng lao dpng rpng Idn, thu hut nhilu ngudi din lam viec vi ehuyin ddi nghi nghiep Theo Tdng dieu tra Din so nim 2009 eho thiy, Ddng Nam Bd la dilm den ciia da sl ngudi lao ddng di cu khdi viing Hon 61% ngudi x d t cu td cac viing da din day, rieng ^ Id lao ddng din td Bic Trung bp vi duydn hii railn Trung Ii 74% [7, tt 56] Nhu viy, noi din ciia n^di lao dpng d xa Quing Phii cung nlm xu thi chung ciia ca nude, cie tmh phia Nam ludn la noi dupe nhieu lao ddng Iua chpn chuyin din tim kilm vigc lam Diy eimg la mdt quy luit tit yiu bdi khu vyc phia Nam la noi cd nhilu tilm Iyc vl kinh tl, co hdi viec lim md tao nen sdc hiit hip din vdi ngudi lao ddng Ngoai xu hudng di vao cic tmh phia Nam thi xu hudng lam viec ttong tinh Thda Thidn Hud Cling Ii mdt lya chpn cua nhieu ngudi dan d Quing Phii Lara vide tinh didn dudi Thirc trgng chuyen djeh ca ciu lao dgng nong thon thdi k^ cdng nghi$p hoa, hi^nt^ihda cic hmh thdc sau: (1) Lim vifc d thdn khac ttong eimg xi Quang Phu, (2) lira vigc d xa khic ttong Cling huyen Quing Dien, (3) lim viee d huygn khic ciing Hue vi (4) lam vi^c tgi phd Hue Ket qui didu tra chi ring, xu hudng chuyin djeh d p thdn, xa khdng phii sy chuyen djeh bien d dja phuong Ngudi lao dpng d eie thdn, xa deu tham gia vio nhihig nghi nghiep die thii cua mdi viing, ridng ty 1$ lao dpng vl cac huygn lan can hoae phd Hui Igi ddng dio hon Ly Ii bdi d eac viing lin egn nhu huyen Phong Diin, thj xa Huong Tri ed khu cdng nghigp, ciing vdi dd Ii sy phit trien rim rd cua rit nhidu co sd kinh doanh tu nhin, Nha nude Thanh phd Hue cung la dja ban thu hut nhieu lao dpng Idn lam thud vdi sy phong phd v i da dgng cua cic loai hinh nghe nghigp nhu can bp vidn chdc, ngudi gidp vide, budn bin d chp, thp ne, thp han Ngoai ngudi lao ddng cung cd xu hudng di ngoai cac tinh khac d khu vyc mien Trung nhu Quang Binh, Ha TThh, Nghg An, Da Ning tim kiem viec lam theo sy gidi thieu cda ngudi quen ttong gia £nh hoac ttong ling Tuy nhien, xu hudng chuyin djeh ve eic tinh khdng mgnh rae nhu cac tinh phia Nam vi tinh Tdm Igi, tu 2004-2013 ed sy ehuyen djeh co cau lao dpng theo viing dja ly d dja bin xa Quing Phu Xu hudng chuydn djeh ndng thdn-thinh thj dien mgnh me han ndng thdn-ndng thdn Theo do, sd luong lao ddng rdi khdi dia phuong lim in cing ddng, rit it ttong sd dd lya ehpn quay ttd ve qud nhi I|p nghidp Nguyen nhin chinh bude hp phai tira vigc noi khac la bin thin khdng thd tim dupc viec lim trdn que huong minh Thay vio do, dgi da so lao ddng di den cac tinh phia Nara, tiep dd la cic tinh mien Trung, midn Bic va nude ngoii Nghe nghiep ciia ngudi lao dpng cung rit da dang tiiy vao die tnmg cua tirag vung mien 2.2.2 Chuyen djeh co cau lao ddng theo viing xet ve goc dp gidi tinh Qui trinh CNH, HDH kliien nhidu lao ddng d ndng thdn rdi khdi que huong tun kiem vide lam Nhieu cdng trinh nghien cdu di khing djnh, sl lupng lao ddng nd gidi rdi khdi dja phucmg lam an cd xu hudng ting Idn vi xip xi tuong tiiong so vdi nam gidi, thim ehi d mdt so nude phat trien, lao ddng nu di cu nhieu hon nam gidi [8, tr 233] Diy eiing li tinh hinh chung ciia lao ddng ndng thdn Viet Nam Tuy nhien, kit qua khio sat tgi xa Quing Phu Igi hoan toan khac xcm xet sy chuydn djeh eo can lao dpng theo vimg td gde dp gidi tinh Vdi 237 rain phdng van, cd den 49,6% nam gidi cho biet hp da tung lira in d noi khae, ty lg d nu gidi chi Ii 17,3% Ket qui khio sit y kien cua ngudi dan ve sy bien dpng ngudn Iyc lao dpng 10 nam qua ciing cho thiy, cd din 67,3% ddng tinh vdi nhan djnh nam chuyen ngoii dja phuong nhidu hon nft Nhu viy, ty lg lao dpng nam di lim in ngoai dja phuong cao hon v i cao hon nhieu so vdi nu gidi d Quang Phu Uong 10 nim qua Thye td cho thiy, ca nam gidi va nft gidi ddu ed nhung die dilm ridng vl sue vdc cung nhu dong nhihig vi the, vai ttd khac Uong gia dinh Phu nd thudng gan iiln vdi hinh inh chiu thuong, chju khd, gan vdi gia dinh vi co phin cam ehiu so vdi nam gidi Hp gift vai trd quan trpng ttong viec cham sdc cie vien ttong gia dinh cho du hp dang lim d liiih vyc nio Nhihig quan niem dgc bigt phd biin rgng rai d khu vyc ndng thdn va in siu vao tiem TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C6NG NGHB, Truong Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - Dgi hgc Hui T$p 4, So thdc eua ngudi nhu mdt dilu hiin nhien Bdi viy, phu nft thudng ggp khd khan hon nam gidi niu phai dua quylt djnh idi khdi dja phuang, rdi khdi gia dinh de tim kiem vide lim Hay ndi each khic, eo hpi ngoai dja phuang lam an cda nft gidi cd phin thiet thdi hon so vdi nam gjdi Mpt cin bp thdn cho hay: "Nam di nhiiu han vi nam co tinh buon chdi han, ham mudn, ddi hoi han, eha mg yen tdm han Con gdi lgi co y thii phgn han Thanh nien d day md noi d nhd Idm triiu/thdng Id khdng chiu vi khong dd tieu, gdi tM tri^u cOng eoi nhu tam on (do)." [Nam, 45 tudi, tmdng thdn, xa Quing Phii] Ddi vdi dia dilm di vi dang lam vi^e, ket qui nghien cuu cho thay khdng cd sy khac bigt ve gidi xera xet nai den ciia ngudi lao dpng Khu vyc cd sd lupng lao ddng ehuyen din ddng nhat Ii eic tinh phia Nam, tiep dd Ii lim viee ttong tinh, cic tinh khie d mien Tnmg, cac tinh phia Ble vi eudi ciing li nude ngoii Ket qua tuong dong vdi thye trgng ehung ciia lao dpng tgi dja phuong Mgc dii vgy, noi den cua nft gidi hgn chi han so vdi nara gidi Theo do, niu diem den ciia nara gidi la cic tinh phia Nara (41%), ttong tinh (29,7%), cie tinh miin Tmng (28,6%), cic tinh phia Bac (9,5%) v i nude ngoai (4,8%) thi diem den ciia nft gidi Ii cac tinh phia Nam (60%), cac tinh mien Trung (20%) va tinh (18,2%) Khi dupc hdi ve nghe nghidp chu yiu ciia ngudi lao ddng lim viee ngoii phuong, phan Idn ca nam gidi va nu gidi deu ttd cdng nhin ttong cac nhi miy, khu cdng nghidp Thye trang niy ciing tii hien d cac khu vuc khac ttong ci nude Hien nay, ttdn dja ban phd Hue da xuit hien mpt sd khu cdng nghidp Huong Tra, Phong Dien, khu vyc 17 vdi cdng vigc chii yeu li may gia cdng di thu hut nhieu lao ddng cua dia phuong Rit nhieu phy nu viia lam mpng, vda tham gia may tgi diy d& ed them thu nhap Hp cho biet, may mgc da Udtihanhnghe chinh ttong nhidu nam qua va cudc sing cua hp khdng hoan toan phu thupc vao ndng nghidp nhu tmdc nfta Tdm lgi, qua trinh chuyin dich co ciu lao ddng theo viing phan theo gidi tinh cd sy khac bigt vl sd luong Theo do, nara di nhieu hon nft nhung khdng chic va bin bing nft Mac dii noi din ctia nd gidi ban chi cd phin hgn chd hon nhung khdng cd sy khie bidt vl noi din chii ydu eiia ngudi lao ddng, la phan Idn ca nam vi nu ddu di chuyen ve phia Nam dd tim kidm vigc lam Mong mudn cua hp Ii lim viec cic nha miy, xi nghigp, khu cdng nghidp 2.2.3 Chuyin dich co clu lao dpng theo viing xet ve gde dp chuyen mdn ky thugt Theo bao cao Dilu tra lao ddng-vige lam nim 2012, nguon nhan lye eiia nude ta tte, doi dio nhung trinh dp tay nghd vi CMKT cdn thip Cd han 43,4 trigu lao ddng (chiem 83,2%) chua dupe dio tgo de dgt mdt trinh dp CMKT Trong dd, ty le lao dpng ndng thdn qua dao tgo chi chilm 10,3% lye lupng lao dpng v i lao ddng dang lim vide da qua dao tgo Ii 10,1% [11] Rd ring, bai toan ve chat lupng nguon lao ddng ludn la thuc trang chung cua nhieu khu vyc nong thon tren ci nude Kit qua khio sat cho thay, cd den 90,1% ngudi duoc hdi ddng cho ring ngudi dja phuong di lam an ngoai dia phuong khdng cd CMKT Con sd chi mpt bdc ttanh kha am Thuc trang chuyen djeh ca ciu lao dgng ndng thin thai ky cong nghigp hda, hign dgi hoa dam vl ehit lupng nguon lao ddng tgi day Nhin chung, dai da sd ngudi lao dpng deu khdng dupe dio tao nghe tmdc di Mdt can bp thdn da chia se: "Hien ngudi ddn chua qua ddo tao la khd nhiiu Nhieu em Id cong nhdn Id thudt khong bdng Co nghia Id ho khong qua mgt trudng lap md (ndo) hit md hg den hoc nghe chg md (ndo) do, hg vd xin Idm viec & mgt ca sd thi dugc coi la cong nhdn ky thudt khong bdng Thuc te nhiing ngudi d day di lam khong co bdng cdp " [Nara, 65 tudi, tmdng thdn, xa Quing Phu] CMKT thip hay khdng cd CMKT trd lyc day khiln xu hudng di lam in xa cing diin mgnh me Kit qui khao sit tgi xi Quing Phd ghi nhin, eac tinh phia Nam thu hiit lao ddng ddng nhit d hai nhdm khdng co CMKT (63,5%) vi nhdm tmng cip (57,1%), nhdm sa d p chu yiu tap tnmg tgi cic tinh khac d miin Trung vdi ^ Id 46,7% Chi nhit nhdm tien CD, DH phin bd lyc lupng lao ddng tinh vdi 77,8% R6 rang, cd sy phin bigt noi din dii vdi cac nhdm trinh dp CMKT khic nhau, theo ngudi lao dpng cd CMKT thip cd xu hudng di lim an d cac khu vyc xa Uong lao ddng cd CMKT eao lai tip trung lam viec tinh Vao giai dogn 2004-2013, niu lpi till eua eae tinh phi'a Nam, phia Bic vi mdt sd tmh khac d khu vye miin Trung (Nghg An, Ha TTnh) la sy hogt dpng mgnh me cda cac khu cdng nghigp, khu che xuit vdi thj tradng rdng Idn, co che md thi d Thda Thien Hud lai han che hon Chinh vi viy, eic tinh trdtihanhviing dat hap din, thu hut nhidu lao dpng den lam viec Hp dl ding xin vio eic co sd sin xuat vdi du Uinh dp CMKT Ket qui nghidn cdu chi rang, phin Idn lao ddng Ii cdng nhan tap trung ddng nhat d cic nhdm khdng cd CMKT (67,3%), tmng d p (57,1%) vi nhdm so d p (40%) Dilu niy ly giii vi ngudi lao ddng d cac nhdm CMKT tien chu ydu tip trung lam vice ngoai tinh vdi nghe chinh Ii cdng nhin Nguoc lai, vdi CMKT la ttdn CD, DH thi ngudi lao ddng vin uu tien lam viec tmh hon vdi nghd chuih la cong chdc (90%) Nhu vay, cung vdi trinh dp CMKT thi Iyc hut ve thj tmdng lao dpng d cac vung mien khac ciing ttd thinh ydu td inh hudng den vigc lya chpn noi den cua ngudi lao ddng Mdt vin dk d n Iim tam la, nhftng nam ttd lgi day, nhieu lao dpng du cd chuyen mdn cao (tdt nghidp CD, DH) van khdng the tim dupc vide lam diing nganh nghe, nhit li tai que huong cua hp Thay vio do, nhidu ngudi chap nhin trd thinh cdng nhan hay lam djeh vu thue Didu ding ban Ii, tgi dia phuong da cd co sd dgy nghi vdi rit nhieu uu daJ danh cho em xi Quang Phii Tuy nhidn, nhidu lao dpng td khdng man ma vdi loai hinli dio tgo ma lgi lya chpn di xa, ty hpc nghe de sinh sdng Ly giai cho dieu nay, tdng hpp cac thdng tin dinh tinh cho thay: Thd nhat, ngudi dan cam thiy viec day va hpc khdng cd chat lupng bang vide di hpc ngoai Thay the vio do, hp chip nhan ty dio tao tai cac co sd tu nhin, nhu vgy vda kldm dupc thu nhgp vua dam bao tay nghe Thu hai, hpc khdng cd viec lam Neu ngudi lao dpng vua hpe vda lam, nghiem nhien hp da cd duoc mdt chd lam kha dn dinh thay vi phai hpc nghe dd lay bing eip rdi mdi xin vio lira viee d cac eo sd, xi nghiep Nhu viy, ngudi lao ddng cd xu hudng chip nhan khdng cd bing cip ma ty dio tgo nghi bang hinh thuc vda hpe vda lim nhu mpt lya chon tdi uu TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH$ Tmdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - Dgi hgc Hue Tip So (2016) Tdm lai, sy chuyen djeh co d u lao dpng theo vung d xa Quang Phu cd sy khac vl tiinh dd CMKT Ngudi lao dpng cd CMKT cing cao thi cang cd xu hudng lam vide Uong tinhjtrong nhdm CMKT thap lai di chuyen khdi dja phuong, lira vigc d khu vue phia Nam, khu vyc phia Bic hogc mpt so tinh khie d miin Tnmg Ben canh do, nghien cuu cdn du bao xu hudng gia ting ty lg thit nghigp d cac lao dpng cd CMKT cao, hp khdng tihl tim dupc vide lam diing nganh dao tgo d dja phuong va cung phai di chuyin cac dja bin khac dl lim nghi Ket lu^n Dudi tic ddng eiia qua ttinh CNH, HDH, co d u lao dpng d xa Quing Phu, huygn Quing Diin, tinh Thda Thien Hui da cd budc chuyin djeh kha mgnh me vdng 10 nam qua Su chuyin djeh da va dang didn theo hai hudng: Chuyen djeh co d u lao ddng theo nganh kinh td vi ehuyin djeh co cau lao ddng theo vimg dja 1;^' Sy ehuyin djeh co clu lao dpng theo nginh dii chua dap ung dupe chi tieu dl nhung da eho thiy sy chuyin djeh dung hudng vi mang tinh tich cyc Nam 2006 dupc xem la dilm mdc quan trpng danh dau sy chuyen djeh manh m£ Nhin chung, ty lg lao ddng ndng nghidp giam, t^ lg lao dOng cdng nghigp va djeh vy tang len, ttong djeh vu ngiy cingtihuhiit nhilu lao dpng tham gia Sy phan bo lao dpng chu yeu ndng nghidp phin Idn Ii nft gidi, khdng cd CMKT; ttong cdng nghigp la nam gidi, ttinh dp So cap; ttong dich vp la nu gidi, ttinh dd tren CD, DH Sy chuyen dich co ciu lao dpng theo viing ed nhieu bien ddi qua tdng thdi ky Sd lupng lao ddng rdi khdi dja phuang lam an cd xu hudng ting Su chuydn dich niy didn manh me d cac nhdm doi tuong la nara gidi, khdng cd CMKT Dai da sd ngudi lao ddng deu lua chpn cac tinh phia Nam, cac tinh khae d raien Tmng tip tmng lao ddng cd trinh So cip, ttong tinh Thda Thidn Hue tap trang nhdm trinh dd ttdn CD, DH Khuyin nghi Nhlm thiic diy tich cyc qui ttinh chuyen djeh co clu lao dpng d x i Quing Phii, huygn Quing Diin, tinh Thua Thidn Hui, tac gia xin dl xult mpt sd khuyin nghj sau: 4.1 Doi vdi cbinh quyin dia phuong huydn Quang Dien Xay dyng chien lupc phat tridn ngudn nhan lyc dja phuong dya tten co sd chu tmong ciia Tnmg uong vi tinh Thua Thien Hue Cd chinh sich phan bo, sd dyng vi quin Iy ngudn nhan Iyc hpp Iy Dinh hudng co d u kinh tl d huygn de lam co sd chuydn djeh co ciu kinh tl d xi Quing Phii, thuc diy qua trinh CNH, HDH Chuyin djeh co d u kinh tl phii di cimg vdi chuyin dich eo clu lao ddng 77?yc trgng chuyin djeh ca ciu lao dgng ndng thdn thiri ky cong nghigp hda, hlgn dgi hda 4.2 S l i vdi chinh quyeD dia phuong sa Quang Phu Cd ke hogch xay dyng vi phat tridn ngudn nhan Iyc d dja phuang Nang eao chat lupng lao dpng bing cac bign phap vgn dpng, khuyin khieh ngudi dan tham gia cac Idp dio tgo nghd ngin va trung han dia phuang to chdc Nhan rpng eie md hinh san xuit ndng nghigp hidn dgi, edng nghigp vi djeh vu Hd tra cho ngudi din vay vdn phat trien san xuat vdi lii suit thap Ning eao vai ttd cua chinh quydn dja phuang ttong gidi thigu vigc lira va gitip ngudi lao dpng ehuyin ddi nghi nghiep mdi, dac bigt la vdi lao dpng thuan ndng bj mit dat sin xdt Khuyin khich ngudi dan tham gia eac phidn giao djeh viec lam de cd co hpi tira kiem vigc Iim phii hpp 4.3 Doi vdi trung tam day nghe, trung tam gidi thidu vide lam - Tang cudng chat lupng giang dgy tgi Uudng trung cip dio tao nghd ciia huygn, tinh nhlm thu hiit sy tham gia cua ngudi dan d khu vyc ndng thdn - Gia ting moi quan he gifta co sd dio tgo va cac doanh nghidp, xi nghidp tren dja bin, tgo CO hdi thye hinh kj ning nghe nghigp va giii quyet vigc lira eho ngudi lao ddng sau hpc xong - Cic nghd dio tao phii phii hpp va bam sit nhu cau eua thi tmdng lap ddng Hon nfta, phai da dgng hda ehuong ttinh dao tao nghe cho phu hpp vdi the mgnh cua tiing dja phuong 4.4 Doi vdi ngudi lao dong Chu ddng tim kidm thdng tin tuyen dung va tang cudng cic moi quan hd xi hpi, sin sang tham gia thj tiardng lao dpng mdi cin trang bj tdt vl kien thuc, chuyen mdn nghd nghiep Khdng ngimg hpe tgp vi ap dyng khoa hpc 1^ thugt vao san xuat Manh dan vay vdn diu tu san xuat ndng nghigp hogc md cic eda hang dich vu d cie eo sd ting dupc xay dung Bio ton nghe tmyen thong eda dja phuong TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH$ Tnrimg Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - Dgi hgc Hui T$p S6 (2016) T A I LEEU T H A M K H A O [1] Vu TuIn Anh, Nguyln Xuin Mai (2007) Nhihig biin dii kinh ti-xd hpi cua hg gig dinh, NXB [2] Nguyen Thj Vin Anh (2010) Chuyin dich ca cdu Igo dgng vimg ddng bdng sdng Hing giai dogn Khoa hpc xa hOi, H i N6i 2011 - 2015, Lugn van Thgc sT tnrong Dgi hpc Kinh t l quIc dan H i Npi [3] Le Xuan B i (2009) Nghien ciru du bdo chimin djeh ca cdu lao dgng ndng nghiip, ndng thon vd cdc gidi phdp gidi quyil viic idm qud trinh ddy mgnh CNH, HDH ih( nude ta, dl tii cip Nha nude [4] Bdo cdo Ddn si vd biin ddng ddn sd tit 2010-2013 chi cue TK Qudng Diin & Trung tdm Ddn si [5] Chi cue Thing ke Quang Dien Nien gidm thdng ki huygn Qudng Diin 2006, 2010, 2011 (luu [6] Chi cue Thing ke Quing Diin (2013) Bdo cdo chinh thuc: He thing chi tieu kinh ti-xa hgi chu vd KHHGD huyin Qudng Diin hinh ndi bd) yiu cda huyen Qudng Dien ndm 2013 [7] Nguyen Duih Cu va Phgm Dai Ding (2013) Di cu ndng thong-dd thj d Viet Nam: Ddi dilu bin Igi, Ky yiu hgi thdo Lao dgng di cu lir ndng thdn thdnh thi a cdc nude lieu viing song Me Kong, Thanh phi Hui, tr.54-62 [8] Dan s l v i phat triln (2006) theo tai li^u LINFPA; L€ Thj Khn Lan (2011), Lao dgng di cu a [9] Bui Quang Dung (2009) Mdt sd vin d l phit triln xA hpi nong thon Vifit Nam thai ky hign dai hda, ndng thdn miin Trung Vigt Nam thdi ky CNH HDH, NXB Dgi hpc Hui, Thira ThiSn Hui cdng nghifip hoa Tap chi Xd hgi hgc(sd 1), U.26-35 [10] Le Thi Kim Lan (2011) Lao dgng di cu a nong thon miin Trung Viil Nam thdi ky CNH, HDH, NXB Dai hoc Hue, Thira Thien Hue [11] Tdng cue thing ke, Diiu tra lao dgng vi$c lam ndm 2012, H i Noi Tdi liiu internet [12] Dii tiing ndi Viet Nam VOV (2014), Viet Nam cd si phy nii lam ndng nghi^ cao, http://vov.vn/xahoi/viet-nam-co-so-phu-nu-lam-nong-nghiep-cao-358200.vov Thgc trgng chuyin dich ca ciu lao ^ng nong thon thin kj/ cdng nghigp hoa, hi^n dgi hda STATUS QUO O F TRANSFER O F RURAL LABOR STRUCTURE I N T H E C O N T E X T O F I N D U S T R I A L I Z A T I O N AND M O D E R N I Z A T I O N (The C a s e of Q u a n g P h u c o m m u n e , Q u a n g Dien district, T h u a T h i e n H u e province) Le Duy Mai Phuong Department of Sociology Hue Unhiersity College of Sciences Email: maiphuongi 089.xhh@gmail com ABSTRACT The paper analyzes the current status quo of transfer of labor structure in Quang Phu commune, Quang Dien district, Thua Thien Hue Province in the context of industrialization and modernization (period 2004-2013) in two directions as follows: transfer of labor structure by sectors and transfer of labor structure by regions Along with clarifying the trend of labor movement in general, the transfer of labor structure is also taken into account on two demographic factors closely relating lo employees: gender and qualificalions From the bases, I propose solutions to promote the process of transfer of rural labor structure in a sustainable way, which meet the requirements resulting from the process of industrialization and modernization Keywords: Structure of labor, transfer of labor structure, rural ... Diin, ty Id lao ddng ndng nghidp da giam td 58,7% xudng 41,5%, lao ddng cdng nghiep tang tir 12,5% - 20,9% vi lao ddng djeh vu tang td 28,8% - 37,6% [5] Qua trinh chuyin dich co ciu lao ddng tai... Kdt qua khao sat cho thiy, eo clu lao ddng nginh chuyin dich theo hudng giim ty Id lao dpng ndng nghiep va ting ty lg lao ddng cdng nghidp, dieh vy Cy thi, ty lg lao ddng ndng nghiep giim tu 51,4%... lao ddng td dja phuong, die bi#t Ii lao ddng ndng nghigp Vi vay, ty lg lao dpng hx)ng edng nghiep nim 2013 din eo xu hudng ting nhe ttd lai so vdi thdi diem 2004 Khac vdi cdng nghigp, t^ Id lao