Cơ sở khoa học và thực tiễn phát triển, quản lý đại lý bảo hiểm phi nhân thọ tại việt nam hiện nay

NGHliN CUU Co SO khoa hoc va thuc ti^n phat trien, quan ly dai ly bao hiem phi nhan tho tai Met Nam hi^n Ph^Kh^DuDg Phong Ouan trj phuc vu Ttuong DH Kinh tg & QTKD BgHODglhieng Vien Nghien ciru kinh t^ xanh, Tmong DH Kinh te & OTKD Gi^Tr^Ngh^p Phong GD & DT Huyen Cha D6n Tinh Bac Kan Bdo hiem piii nhan thg cd tac dung rdt ldn vide giup eon ngudi dd'l phd vdi nii ro nen can thuc ddy phdt tridn Bdo hiem phi nhan thg dugc true tie'p thgc hien bdi cdc cdng ty kinh doanh bdo hidm ndn dd thuc day phat tridn nd thi phai thuc ddy hogt ddng eua cdc cdng ty Cac cdng ty bao hiem mudn phat tridn boat ddng kinh doanh thi lgi edn phdt trien hd thdng dgi ly bdo hiem - kenh phan phdi ehfl lgc then ehdt Bai bao tdng hgp eac nguon tdi lieu lidu vd bao iiiem piii nhan thp va rut nhflng ngi dung co ban vd ly Iuan va thgc tidn phat trien, quan ly dai ly bao hiem phi nhan thg tgi Viet Nam hien Nhirng ndi dung dd se la co sd nhan thlic giup eho cae cdng ty bao iiidm xdy dung, quan ly vd phdt trien ddi ngfl dgi ly bao hidm thdnh edng hem I.Mddau Hidn tgi Viet Nam bao hidm piil nhan tho da duge phat tridn kha mgnh me nhung van cdn nhidu hgn che nen hang van xdy nhidu tai nan, nil ro ma khdng dugc bdo hiem Do dd, vide nghien ciiu van de thu hut cdng dong tich cue tham gia chia se rfli ro thdng qua tham gia bdo hiem phi nhdn tho Id rdt cdn thiet Trong cae cdng cu thu hflt cdng ddng thi mgng ludi dai ly cua ede edng ty bdo hiem phi nhdn thg la edng cy cd tac dung quan nhdt Tuy niiien, eac cdng ty bao hiem phi nhan thg d Vidt Nam hien cdn rdt Iflng tung edng tac xay dung, qudn ly va phdt trien dgi ngfl dai ly Mdt ly quan trgng dan den tinh trgng lung tflng dd Id cac cdng ty vdn chua nam vtrng CO sd ly Iuan va thuc tidn phat trien, quan ly dai ly bao hiem phi nhdn thg Vi vdy, viec nghidn ciiu lam sang td nhung ndi dung eo ban vd vdn dd ndy la rat edn Uiidt Bao hiem phi nhan thg la mdt logi hinh bdo hidm ed cdc ddc didm sau ddy: 1) ngudi duge bdo hiem chi dugc boi thudng nil ro thue su xdy ra, khodn plii bdo hiem da ddng khdng dugc ttd lgi ndu rfli ro ididng xdy ra; ii) thdi hgn bdo hidm ngdn, thudng la mdt nam trd xudng; iii) dp dung ky thuat phan ehla viec quan ly quy tai chinh bao hidm, khae vdi bdo hidm nhdn thg ap dung ky thuat tdn tich He thdng phan phdi ma cae doanh ngiiidp bao hiem phi nhan thg sii dung bao gdm: he thdng dgi ly, eac mgng ludi phdn phdi ket hop, cdc van phdng ban bdo hidm, mdi gidi, cde he thdng phdn phdi khdc Ngoai cdc he thdng phan phdi hdn cae doanh nghiep bao hidm cdn eung edp dich vu cho khaeh hang thdng qua giii thu tmc tidp, didn thogi, mang mdy tinh, thuong mai dien tu, qudng cdo trdn cae phuong tien dai chflng 2.2 Cdng tdc phdt tri^n va qudn ly dai iy bao liiem Dai ly gdp phdn to ldn tidu thu sdn pham bdo Jong quan ve quan iy va phat trien dai iy bao hidm, la kenh phdn phdi nhanh nhdt giflp khach hang hidu rd hon vd san phdm bao hidm Cdng vide cfla dgi hiem pbi nhan tho ly mang tinh ehdt lau dai vi san pham efla bao hidm 2.1 Cac khai niem chung tdn tai mdt thdi gian dai va ddi tugng bao hiem Bdo hiem Id mdt sg thda thudn hgp phdp thdng cd khd nang tai giao ket lau dai Theo tu each phap ly, qua dd ngudi tham gia bdo hiem chap nhdn ddng gdp dai ly bao hidm dugc phan dai ly cd nhan va dgi mdt khodn piii bdo hiem cho td chflc bdo hiem dd ddi ly td chiie Theo thdi gian lam vide, dgi ly ea nhan ldy nhCmg cam ket vd nhiing khodn bdi thudng hoac phan dai ly chuyen nghiep vd dgi iy ban chuyen ehi tta kiii cd su kien quy djnh hgp dong xay nghiep So dd HirUi tdm tdt cdng tac phat trien 88 Tg C H A U A - THAI BiNH DUOMB {TMAMI vd quan ly mang ludi dai ly bao tiidm 3) Md hinh td chirc theo nhdm khaeh hdng: Hiiihl:Sifa6eoiiB l c qnin ly Jtl 1^ T& cluK fiuu 1]^ J Dieu hinb Jioal dO*ig J Klimlni ^jsssr Ngnoa NguyiD Vin Dinh 7DI» i) Ldp kd hoaeh qudn ly dgi ly Dd ldp kd hoach tuy^n dung dgi ly trude het phdi tien hdnh Idido sat thj trudng Ndu kdt qud didu tra la ed khd nang thiet mgng ludi dgi ly bdo hidm thi lap kd' hoaeh qudn ly Cdn tap tmng vao viee lap kd hogch tuyen dyng dgi ly, bao gdm: Tuydn dyng nhu the nao? Sd lugng dgi Iy cdn tuydn dung Id bao niiidu? Ddng thdi, cdn xem xet md hinh to chiie mgng ludi dgi ly, kd hogch ddnh gid, hinh thflc thudng, phgt dd'i vdi hoat ddng eua dai ly ii) Td chiic quan ly dai ly Sau kill tien hanh vide Igp kd hoach quan ly dai ly, doanh nghidp bao hiem tien hanh thdnh lap mang ludi dai ly, gdm eae cdng viec sau ddy - Tuydn dung dai ly Tuydn dung dai ly la qud trinh doanh nghiep bdo hiem tim kiem nhung img cfl vien phu hgp vao edng viee dai ly bao hidm - Dao tgo dgi ly Qua trinh dao tao dai ly cd the duge ehla cdc cdp nhu ddo tgo dgi ly cdp (tdp tmng chfl yeu vao gidi thieu nghe, cung cdp kien thirc CO ban ve bdo hiem ndi ehung va bdo iiidm phi nhdn thg ndi ridng), ddo tao dai ly cap (nang eao ky nang khai thae bao hidm va khd nang qudn ly), ddo tao dgi Iy cap (nang eao hon nua kidn thue ve bdo hiem vd ky nang quan ly, didu hanh edng viec) - Xdy dung mang ludi dai ly Thdng thudng, ed ba cdch td chflc mgng ludi dai ly chfl yeu nhu dugc trinh bay cdc so dd dudi day, doanh nghiep bao hidm phi nhan thg lua chgn md hinh nao phy thude vao nhidu ydu td nhu cliien luge kinh doanh, quy md hogt ddng, sd lugng va chdt lugng dai ly bao hiem 1) Md hinh td ehiie theo Idiu vuc dla ly: I t¥iy I Pjiiy I Nguoiii Nguyen Vfin D(nli 2009 2) Md hinh td ehuc theo nhdm dgi ly: ERnb 3; M o hiiili lu cbat Iheo n h o m J j l 1^ i t Tniuiig phoog b ^ Ih] Tnnm^ Clmy^Aia , Nliomdiilypbijirich fctiiffis' Ngu5u Nguyen Vin DiiiJj 2009 iii) Didu hanh boat ddng mgng ludi dgi ly Cdng tdc dieu hdnh hoat ddng dai ly cfla doanh nghiep bdo hiem lien quan den viec quyet djnh, td chuc, tmyen dat va thgc hien cac quydt dinh bdng each giao viec, lenh, ddng vidn, khen thudng cdp dudi, tich cue hda thdi va tinh than lam viec cfla dgi Iy bdo hidm iv) Kidm va danh gia hoat ddng dai ly Kidm tra, danh gia dgi ly la qua trinh xem xet, ludng vd chdn chinh vide thgc hien cac nhiem vy, traeh nhiem va quyen han cua dai ly nham ddm bao dat dugc ede mye tieu vd ke hoaeh doanh nghiep bdo hiem dat Thuc trang quan iy va phat trien dai iy bao hiem phi nhan tho tai Viet Nam 3.1 Cac tmi dat dugc Theo Nien giam bao hiem Vidt Nam (Bd Tdi Chinh) thi bao hiem phi nhan thg d Viet Nam da dat dugc nhiing tuu sau day Neu nhu nam 1994 la nam thj trudng bao hiem phi nhan thg bdt ddu hinh thdnh d Viet Nam vdi chi nhat edng ty la Bao Minh thi tdi nam 2012 da cd 29 edng ty, nam 2018 cd 31 edng ty Nhu vay, tdi nam 2018 sd edng ty bao hidm phi nhan thg d Vidt Nam da tang 31 ldn so vdi nam so vdi nam 1994, tang 6,45% so vdi nam 2012 Ve doanh thu, doanh tiiu phi bao hiem dat 46.957 ty ddng, phdn ldn thj phdn doanh thu phi bdo hiem tap tmng vdo doanh nghiep hang ddu la Bdo Viet (20,98%), PVI (14,64%), PTl (8,86%), Bao Minh (7,56%), Pjico (5,98%), 26 doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan thg, chi nhdnh phi nhan thg nude ngoai tai Viet Nam cdn lai chiem 41,98% thj phdn doanh thu phi ddng Doanh Uiu nam 2018 tang 12,89% so vdi nam 2017, dd cd mdt sd nghidp vu ed tdc dd tang trudng cao la: bao hidm ti'n dung va nii ro tai ehinh tang 155,44%; bdo hiem bdo lanh tang 79,03%; bao hiem chay, nd tang 20,32%; bao hiem sue khde tang 18,29%; bao hiem tai san va bdo hiem thiet hai tang 12%; bdo hiem ttaeh nhiem tang 11,04%; bao hiem hang hda van chuygn tang 11,02%; bao hiem xe co gidi tang 8,93%; bdo hiem hang khdng tang 0,02% Ve CO edu phi bao hiem theo nghidp vu, nam 2018, nghiep vu bdo hiem xe co gidi ehiem ty trgng ldn nhat luiy I f^Dw'y I Nguon Vpryia Via B\nb 2009 89 NGHIEN CUU RESEARCH (30,87%), tidp ddn Id bdo hidm sire khod (30,79%); bdo hidm tai sdn va tiiidt hgi (13,85%, bdo hidm ehdy nd (8,86%), bdo hidm hang hod van chuydn (5,51%), bdo hidm thdn tau va TNDS ehfl tdu (4,51%); bao hidm ttaeh nhiem (2,20%), bdo hidm hang khdng (1,47%), bdo hidm tin dyng va rfli ro tdi chinh (1,20%) Vd bdi thudng bdo hidm, sd tidn thgc bdi thudng bdo iiidm gdc nam 2018 la 19.808 ty ddng, tang 24,3% so vdi nam 2017, tang 80,8% so vdi nam 2014 Trong dd, sd tidn boi thudng bdo hidm thude ttaeh niudm giu lgi nam 2018 Id 12.952 ty ddng, tang 6,3% so vdi nam 2017, tang 64,4% so vdi nam 2014 Ve hogt ddng ddu tu, theo tdng sd tidn ede doanh ngiiidp bdo hidm phi nhdn tiig ti'eh luy ddu tu trd Igi ndn kinh te la 42.851 ty dong, nam 2017 tdng sd tidn ddu tu cfla cdc doanh ngiuep bdo hiem phi nhdn thg la 39.612 ty ddng ddng, nhu vdy, ddu tu nam 2018 eua cde doanh nghidp bdo hidm phi nhdn thg dd tdng 8,2% so vdi nam 2017 Danh mye ddu tu da dgng gdm gdp vdn thdnh lap doanh nghiep khac, cho vay, ttai phidu Chinh phfl, cd phidu, tidn gui tgi cdc td chu-eti'ndung Bdn egnh cac tuu ndi tren, bao hiem phi nhan thg cdn cd nhimg ban chd' tdn tgi sau: docinh thu phi bdo hidm so vdi GDP, phi bao hiem binh quan hen ngudi thdp; ndng lue tai chinh eflng nhu hidu qud hogt ddng kinh doanh eua cdc doanh nghiep bdo hidm chua cao; sdn phdm bdo hidm cdn don didu, don gidn; cae doanh nghiep chi tap tmng vao mgt sd kenh phan phdi; chua chu trgng den viec md rdng ngudn khaeh hang tidm nang; ehdt lugng phuc vg khach hang cdn nhidu kdm d mdt sd khia canh (H6 Cdng Tmng, 2015) 3.2 Thuc trang qudn ly vd phat tri^n dai ly bao hidm cua cac cdng ty bdo hi^m Bang cho biet tinh cho biet tinh hinh phdt trien sd lugng dgi Iy bao iudm Ndu nhu nam 2010 tdng sd dgi if vidn bdo hidm phi nhan thg chi la 60.071 ngudi thi ddn nam 2018 da cd 138.348 ngudi, tang gdp 2,3 ldn Trong dd dai ly vidn Uiugc dgi ly cd nhan tang hon Idn, dai ly vien thudc dai ly td chirc tang 1,4 ldn, sd td chirc dgi If tang 83,63% Binh quan mdi nam ttong giai doan 2010-2018 sd dai if vidn tang thdm 10,99% Cd the tiidy vigc phat hien dgi \f bdo hidm phi nhdn tiig la rat tich cgc 1: Solnvu E dvl tt liane ho^l lt$ne tlnb des 31/12 cnii c^ nflm2010-201S D^i tv ro chl>c Taag (t;i If Ting so vM B^tlf S&\vtfiig DalKvl^D ti-^r •imtrwax (ngudjf (ro chf'd 28 278 60,071 58 84 197 2010 31793 37 198 76 858 10,85 !;''5 2015 39 660 87 875 35 063 14.33 1,267 2016 52B12 Id 966 38 988 30,79 1,755 2017 75 978 138 40,222 348 18,51 198 2013 98 126 *' BilDg Ifing dai IJ ca Eibaii vj Nguon Nieu giaiii aio Juem Vi?i Nam ca NIIIU m Tuy nhien, cdc cdng ty bdo hidm phi nhan thg chi tdp khai thdc cdc kenh phdn phdi thdng qua can 90 J A - THAI B\t H DUOMB ( T H A H B / bd nhd nude vd mdi gidi, hai kenh chidm tdi 70% doanh thu phi bdo hiem phi nhdn Uig, tat cd cae kdnh cdn lgi, ttong dd cd dai ly two hidm, ehi chidm 30% doanh tiiu phi bdo hidm (Hd Cdng Tmng, 2015) Tfl chd ehi t$p khai Uiae hai kdnh dd, cde cdng ty bao hidm se khdng chfl y eoi trgng phdt hidn ddi ngfl dai If bdo hidm Ket iuan Tu thi hudng bao hiem phi nhan thg di vao hogt ddng, hogt ddng kinh doanh cfla cde edng ty bdo iiidm da phdt hidn mgnh me v^ sd lugng cdng ty bdo hiem, sdn phdm bao hidm, doanh thu phi bdo hidm, chdl lugng djch vy vd sd lugng ddu tu Tuy nhidn, cdc edng ty bdo hidm phi nhin thg cdn cd nliieu hgn chd Idn, ede han chd ndy cd nguyen nhan la he thdng phap ludt chua ddng bd tgo ndn nhidu ke hd khidn cac edng ty bao iiidm chi tap uu tien khai thdc cae kdnh cdn bd nha nude vd mdi gidi bdng cdc bidn phap cgnh ttanh khdng idnh manh vdi Tinh trang kiiidn cho cdng tdc phdt tiidn va qudn ly dai \f bao iildm efla cac edng ty bdo hidm phi nhan thg khdng duge ehfl ttgng, ddn tdi eac dgi ly bao hidm ehi cd vai trd thu ydu tao docinh thu piil bao hidm Trong thdi giain tdi, cdc edng ty bdo hidm phi nhdn thg can tdp tmng no Igc phdt tridn manh me hd thdng dgi \f cfla minh./ Tai iieu tham khao Bd Tdi chinh, 2015 Nidn gidm thj trudng bao hidm Vidt Nam nam 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Hd Cdng Tmng, 2015 Phdt tri^n hogt ddng bao hidm phi nhan Uig tgi Viet Nam Nguyen Van Dinh, 2009 Quan tri kinh doanh bao hiem, Nha xuat ban Dai hge iCinh td qudc dan Ha Ndi, 2009 Qude hdi, 2010 Ludt Kinh doanh bao hidm siia ddi, Nha xudt bdn Chinh til qudc gia Hd Ndi, 2010 ... hiem phi nhan tho tai Viet Nam 3.1 Cac tmi dat dugc Theo Nien giam bao hiem Vidt Nam (Bd Tdi Chinh) thi bao hiem phi nhan thg d Viet Nam da dat dugc nhiing tuu sau day Neu nhu nam 1994 la nam. .. bao hiem phi nhan thg bdt ddu hinh thdnh d Viet Nam vdi chi nhat edng ty la Bao Minh thi tdi nam 2012 da cd 29 edng ty, nam 2018 cd 31 edng ty Nhu vay, tdi nam 2018 sd edng ty bao hidm phi nhan... nhan thg d Vidt Nam da tang 31 ldn so vdi nam so vdi nam 1994, tang 6,45% so vdi nam 2012 Ve doanh thu, doanh tiiu phi bao hiem dat 46.957 ty ddng, phdn ldn thj phdn doanh thu phi bdo hiem tap