Tao hon va hon nhan can huygt th6ng & cac dan toe thieu so huyen Chu Prong, tinh Gia Lai Triin Cao Bao', Hoang Vidt Trung^ ' Tru6ng Dai hpc N6ng lam Thanh Ho Chi Minh, Phan hi^u Gia Lai ^ Truimg THPT Pleime, Chu Pr6ng, Gia Lai Email: viettrung88.quynhon@gmail.com Nh$n ngiy 20 thdng ndm 2019 Chdp nhdn ddng ngdy thdng ndm 2019 Tom tat: Tao hdn va hdn nhan can huyet thdng da lam cho chdt lugng nguon nhan lire bi suy giam, anh hudng true tiep den sdc khde, dang vdc va kha nang lao dgng ciia ngudi B ^ g phucmg phap dieu tra thirc dia, bai viet cho thay tinh trang tao hon va hdn nhan nhan can huyet thong d Chu Prong da va dang dien cang phirc tap, de l^i nhieu he luy xa hgi De giam thieu van nan tao hdn va hdn nhan can huyet thdng d cac dan tgc thilu so (DTTS) huyen Chu Prong, cdn c6 nhung phan tich, danh gia va cac giai phap thich hgp TCr khda: Hdn nhan can huyet thong, tao hdn, Chu Prong, Gia Lai Phan lo^i nganh: Xa hgi hgc Abstract: Premature, or child, and consanguineous marriages have reduced the quality of human resources, directly affecting the health, physique and labour capacity of people Using the field survey method, the article shows that such marriages in Chu Prong district have been taking place in an increasingly complicated manner, leaving many social consequences M order to reduce the problem among ethnic minority groups in the district, it is necessary to conduct analysis, assessments, and carry out appropriate solutions Keywords: Consanguineous marriages, premature marriage, Chu Prong, Gia Lai Subject classiflcation: Sociology ©at van d l Chu Prong la huyen bien gidi cua tinh Gia Lai vdi ddn sd khoang 130.000 ngudi, gdn 50% la ngudi DTTS Trong nhdng nam qua, tinh trang vi pham Luat Hdn nhdn va gia dinh d day cang gia tang, nan tao hdn va hdn nhan can huyet thdng khdng Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd - 2019 cd ddu Mdu dimg lai Kdt qud dieu tra khao sat 341 cap vg chdng cd lien quan den tao hdn va hdn nhan can huyet thdng dang dinh cu tai 12 thdn, ldng ngudi DTTS d xa (la Bodng, la , la Pueh, la Ve, la Ga, la Pior) va hon 100 hgc sinh DTTS dang hgc ldp 12 tai trudng THPT Pleime huyen Chu Prong eho thdy, Men tao hdn va hdn nhdn can huydt thdng d Gia Lai ndi chung va Chu Prdng ndi rieng dang gia tang cac che tai xu ly chua du manh [6] Bai viet phdn tieh thye trang, nguyen nhdn, va giai phap giam thidu tinh trang tao hdn va hdn nhdn can huydt thdng d cdc DTTS huydn Chu Prdng, tinh Gia Lai Thuc trang tao hon va hon nhan csin huyet thong d cac DTTS huyen Chu Prdng 2.1 Thiec trgng tdo hdn - Thuc trang tao hdn xet theo gidi tinh, dan tdc vd dia ban cu tru Tao hdn la vide ldy vg hoac lay chdng chua du tudi ket hdn theo quy dinh tai khodn Dieu Ludt Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2014 Theo do, tudi kdt hdn ddi vdi nam tu du 20 tudi trd Idn va nil tu du 18 tudi trd len se du dieu kien ket hdn vd duge CO quan tu phap chdng nhdn dang ky ket hdn Tren thuc te, viee ket hdn ciia mdt sd ddng bao DTTS d huydn Chu Prdng Iai khdng can cd vao cac van ban quy pham phap Mat rad hdn nhdn dugc td chuc theo quan niem phong tuc da ed tu ldu cua cdc DTTS Quan niem trai ldn bat vg, gdi ldn ga chdng, hay tue hua hdn, ga hdn, tue ndi ddy cua mdt sd DTTS da an sdu vao tiera thuc mdi ngudi ddn, trd hu tuc da cd hang tram nam keo dai den tan 72 Tinh td nam 2015 ddn thang nam 2018 toan tinh Gia Lai cd 4.894 trudng hgp tdo hdn Rieng nam 2016, sd cap tao hdn cao nhdt bdn nam trd Iai day, vdi 1.513 cap [2, b-.2] Nam 2017, tinh fang tao hdn tren dia ban tmh Gia Lai cd giam nhung vdn cdn 1.504 cap va thdng ddu nam 2018 da cd 1.055 cap [2, y.2] Trong do, Chu Prdng la mdt nhiing huyen cd ti le tao hdn cao nhdt cua tinh Gia Lai Tu thang nam 2015 ddn thang nam 2018, tdng sd trudng hgp tdo hdn tren dia huyen Chu Prdng la 718 cap CM tinh rieng xa tren day da cd 349 cap Theo thdng kd cua Uy ban nhdn dan huyen Chu Prdng, nam 2017 cd 278 cap tao hdn, tdo hdn nti cd 192 trudng hgp, cMem 69%; tao hdn nam gidi la 86 trudng hgp, cMdm % [4, tr.3] Tao hdn d huyen Cbu Prdng cd dae diem tao hdn d nii gidi la chii ydu va cao han so nhieu vdi tao hdn d nara gidi Trong tdng sd 349 trudng hgp tao hdn (bao gdm ca ngudi Kinh va ngudi DTTS) tM tao hdn d nd gidi chidm 238 trudng hgp, cao gap 2,1 lan so vdi trudng hgp tao hdn d nam gidi, chi cd 112 trudng hgp Ia Vd Id xa cd ti le tao hdn nil gidi cao nhat huydn vdi 48 trudng hgp, cao gap 1,8 ldn so vdi tao hdn d nam gidi Ridng xa la Ga sd vy tdo hdn nd cao gap 4,5 lan so vdi tdo hdn nam gidi Tao hdn d huydn Chu Prdng ed sy ehdnh lech rdt ldn giua cae nhdra ddn tdc dang eu tru trdn dia ban toan huyen Trong do, ddn tdc Jrai cd dan sd 42.483 ngudi, chiera 30% dan sd toan huydn va ddng thd hai toan huyen (sau ngudi Kinh), nhung lai cd sd cap tao hdn eao nhdt huyen vdi 105 cap, chidm 30% tdng sd cap tao hdn; dan tdc Dao cd 95 cap cMem 27,14%; dan tdc Nung cd 60 cap, chidm 17,14%; ddn tdc Mudng ed 46 cap, chidm 13,15%; dan tdc Tay cd Tran Cao Bao, Hoang Viet Trung 35 cap, cMem 10% Dac biet cd cap tao hdn la ngudi Kinh, chiera gdn 3% tdng sd 349 trudng hgp tdo hdn dugc nhdm ngMen cuu khao sat Trong nam gan ddy, tao hdn didn d hdu khap cac xa trdn dia ban huydn Didn Mnh la xa la Vd vdi 74 trudng hgp tao hdn, trd xa cd sd cap tao hdn cao nhdt huyen; xa la Piorg cd sd cap tao hdn cao thd hai toan huyen vdi 61 cap; cae xa la Pueh, la 0, la Ga cd tren 50 cap Cd thd ndi, tdo hdn didn chu yeu d nhirng dia ban cd ddng ngudi DTTS sinh sdng, nhat la dia ban cd ddng ngudi Jrai, ngudi Dao, ngudi Mudng hoac nhdng xa d xa trung tdm nhu xa thudc vimg dac biet khd khan, xa bidn gidi, dieu kien ddn tri cdn nMdu han che - Thye trang tao hdn xet theo tudi Tao hdn d huydn Chu Prdng chu yeu dien tudi tu 14 tudi den 17 tudi, cao hon so vdi mat bang chung cua toan tinh la tu 13 tudi den 18 tudi Kdt qua dieu tra cho thdy, tudi ket hdn cao nhat d huydn Chu Prdng la 16 tudi vdi 210 ngudi, cMem 60%; tudi dudi 14 tudi chi eo 18 ngudi chiem 5%; tudi 15 tudi co 52 ngudi, cMdm 15%; tudi 17 tudi co 70 ngudi, cMem 20% Do tudi kdt hdn d huydn Chu Prdng cd cao hon so vdi mat bang chung cua toan tinh nhung phdn ldn cac cap vg chdng di ddn kdt hdn kM mdi 16 tudi chung td rang tao hdn chu yeu dien d Ida tudi hgc sinh trung hgc huyet thdng d Gia Lai ndi chung va huydn Chu Prdng dang cd ddu Mdu giam ddn Theo bao cao cua Ban Dan tdc tinh Gia Lai, tu nam 2016 ddn nam 2018 ed 81 cap,ttongdd nam 2016 cd 15 cap, nam 2017 cd 52 cap, thang ddu nam 2018 co 14 cap [2, tr.3] O huydn Chu Prdng tinh trang hdn nhdn can huydt thdng thap hon rdt nhidu so vdi cdc huyen khac tren dia ban tiiih Gia Lai Sd vu hdn nhdn can huydt thdng cM didn ddi vdi ngudi dan tde Jrai theo hinh thue kdt hdn giua cd vdi cdu, eon ehu vdi bde Tu nam 2016 ddn 2018 toan huyen cM cd trudng hgp hdn nhdn can huydt thdng, tudi ket hdn tu 17 den 22 tudi Trong dd, hdn nhdn can huyet thdng cd lien quan Jen tao hdn la cap, hdn nhdn can huydt thdng khdng lien quan den tao hdn cd cap Tuy sd vu kdt hdn cung huyet thdng ciia ngudi DTTS d huyen Chu Prdng nhung nam gan day gidm xudng rd ret nhung van chua dugc xda bd hoan toan Dieu eho thdy, nhdn thdc cua ngudi dan tdc tMdu sd vd hdn nhdn van cdn nhidu bdt cap, nhiing hu tuc ndi day, hua hdn van cdn dang' Men hiiu ddi sdng ngudi ddn Nghiem trgng han la quan niem Idy ngudi cimg ddng hg de cua cai khdng bi mang ben ngoai, lay ngudi cung huydt thong dd luu giu tai san cua gia dinh minh, ddng hg minh da dnh hudng tryc tidp ddn sdc khde cung nhu chat lugng ngudn nhan lyc tuong lai Nhung he My 2.2 Thiec trang hon nhdn can huyit thong hdn nhdn can huydt thdng gay khdng ehi dnh hudng ddn ddi sdng mdi ngudi dan ma Neu nhu thye trang tao hdn van cdn dien lau dai ndu khdng xda bd hoan toan quan kha phd bidn d nhidu noi tren dia ban toan mdm hdn nhdn ddng huydt se mang lai huyen, trdi qua nhieu nam van chua cd ddu nhiing gdnh nang to ldn cho xa hdi tuong lai Meu dung lai tM thye trang hdn nhan can 73 Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, so - 2019 Nguyen nhan tao hon va hon nhan can huyet thong d cac DTTS huyen Chu Prong tuydn truydn qua he thdng phat cua cdc xa ciing khdng du sdc lan tda den cdc gia dinh di cu ty va nam each xa khu 3.1 Cong tdc tuyen truyen phd biin phdp lugt ^^ cu Tuyen truyen phd bien phap Mat cho ngudi ddn ludn dugc Dang va Nha nudc quan tdm Cdng tac phd bien, giao due phap Mat hdn nhan va gia dinh ndi chung, viee ap dung Luat Hdn nhdn va gia dinh ddi vdi cac DTTS ndi ridng cdn gap nhieu khd khan, trd ngai va hieu qua ehua cao Vide van dgng, giao due dudng nhu dugc giao cho can bg phu trach dia ban va Hgi Lien hiep Phu nii xa, kM rao can ngdn ngu, sy am hidu van hda phong tue, uy tin ddi vdi cdng ddng va kidn thuc phap Mat cua mgt bd phdn can bg ban ehuyen trach cdn nhieu ban che, ddn den viec tuyen truyen ciing gap nhieu khd khan Cdng tac tuydn truyen chi dien theo cac chien djch truydn thdng ma khdng dugc tuydn truyen, phd bien phdp Mat, kidn thdc vd sue khde sinh san thudng xuyen va lien tuc Vdi dia ban rgng ldn, dia Mnh phdc tap nhu huydn Chu Prdng, giao thdng di lai khd khan, dai bg phdn ngudi ddn tdc it ngudi thudng xuyen sinh sdng d vung sau, vung xa, trinh dan tri tuong ddi thap, tap quan du canh, du cu la trd ngEii ldn ddi vdi dgi ngii cdn bd truydn thdng ddn sd Vi v^y, d nMeu lang eua ngudi dan tdc thidu sd van cdn tdn tai nMeu hii tye lac hdu vide ket hdn, ly hdn, chara sdc, giao due, nudi duang hoac bat binh dang nara nd quan he hdn nhdn Vide tiep can nhiing kidn thdc phap Mat quy dinh tao hdn, hdn nhan can huyet thdng rat khd khan, rdt it ngudi dan dugc tham gia cac budi tuyen truydn tryc tidp tai Trung tam hgc tap cdng ddng eua dia phuang, viee 74 3.2 Thicc thi phdp ludt & dia phuang Vide loai bd nhiing phong tuc tap quan lac hdu ndi ehung, loai bd tuc tao hdn, hdn nhdn cdn huyet thdng ndi rieng khdi ddi sdng xa hgi se dat duge hidu qua cao neu cd sy can tMep mdt each manh me, kien quyet tu pMa co quan thudc cMnh quyen dia phuang Tuy nhien, tren thuc td tdo hdn va hdn nhan can huydt vdn cdn tidp dien ma mdt phan ldi khdng nhd thudc ve chinh quyen dia phuang Thye td eho thdy, khdng chi nhiing ngudi ddn, ma ea gia dinh can bd, dang vidn la lanh dao xa, thdn cung tidp tay, thdm chi tao hdn, hdn nhan can huyet thdng cdn didn gia dinh cua nhiing ngudi can bg Vide nam bat titih hinh nMeu budng long, nMeu trudng hgp vg chdng kdt hdn kM chua du tudi ma chinh quydn xa khdng bidt, den kM di lara khai sinh cho dau long thi cMnh quyen mdi phat Men tdo hdn va nop phat hdnh chinh Quy dinh cua phap luat vd xd Iy vi pham hanh chinh ddi vdi cae hanh vi tao hdn, td chdc tao hdn; hanh vi vi pham quy dinh ve cam ket hdn, vi pham chd hdn nhdn mdt vg, mdt ehdng chua dugc thuc Men ngMem tuc va thidu tinh kha thi d vung DTTS Do trinh dg nhdn thdc vd Meu bidt phdp Mat cua ngudi DTTS cdn han chd nen vide ty nguyen, ty giac chap hanh cac quy dinh cua phdp Mat gap nhidu khd khan Ben canh dd, viec xem xet, xu ly hanh chinh ddi vdi cac trudng hgp vi pham Id ngudi DTTS lai cang khd khan va ngugc lai, khdng dl dang thuc Tran Cao Bao, Hoang Viet Trung Wen ddi vdi nhiing ngudi cd tham quyen xu 1^ vi pham Ndu xu phat d mde thdp nhdt la canh cao tM hg ciing khdng chap harih bdi tinh ran de khdng cao, cdn ndu dp dyng hinh thdc xu phat bdng tien cd tinh ran de cao hon thi phdn ldn nhiing ngudi ddn ddu la ddn ngheo khdng cd tidn dd nop phat va trudng hgp do, kha nang thye Men cac bien phap cudng chd nop phat cua chinh quydn dia phuong la dieu khdng the thuc hien dugc Do khdng cd hinh thuc ehe tai nao khdc nen cac cap vg chdng ngheo van ty ket hdn kM chua du tudi ma khdng lo bi xu phat Cung c6 khdng it cap tao hdn san sang len Uy ban xa nop phat Hg coi viec nop phat Id da tuan thu phap Mat va sau ndp phat thi hg duong liMen dugc chinh quyen cdng nhdn la vg chdng Ngoai ra, cd cap vg chdng tao hdn lai la ngudi than quen eua can bd xa nen chinh quydn xa vdn cho td chuc cudi hdi rdi dgi du tudi de hodn tdt thu tuc ddng ky ket hdn chd khdng he dat van de xu phat Cd thd ndi, mdt nhiing nguyen nhdn ddn den tdo hdn va hdn nhdn can huyet thdng van cdn tdn tai la "tinh trang xu ly vi pham ve hdn nhan gia dinh cdn chua kien quyet cd ydu td tinh cam cdng tac xu ly; tam ly ne nang cung xdm lang" [1, tr.6] 3.3 Phong tiic, tap qudn Phong tuc eua cac DTTS tdn tai va an sau nhdn thde eua ngudi dan da anh hudng, cM phdi manh me ddi sdng, sinh hoat cua hg Ddi vdi ddng bao DTTS, vigc ket hdn chu ydu dugc tbyc Men theo phong tuc, tap quan; vide lay vg, lay chdng cM can su ddng y ciia nhiing ngudi dung dau budn, ldng hoac cua cha me hai ben va su chdng kien cua gia dinh, hg hang, lang xdm la du chu khdng can sy ddng y cua chinh quydn dia phuang va khdng chiu sy rang huge eua Iuat phap Men hanh Quan niem ket hdn sdm de ed them ngudi lao ddng san xudt, dn dinh cudc sdng gia dinh Thera vao dd, mgt sd gia dinh vdn chua nhdn thdc dung tdm quan trgng ciia gido due nen phan ldn cac em hgc sinh nii sau hgc xong cap trung hgc co sd thi d nha phy giup cdng viee nuang ray eho bd me, rdt it hgc sinh dugc di hgc tidp len bac trung hgc phd thdng Tham cM, cd nhung hgc sinh nO dang theo hgc bdc trung hgc phd thdng thi gia dinh dgng vien eho ngM hge va di den kdt hdn sdm Day la radt nhiing nguydn nhdn ddn ddn ty Id tao hdn nd ludn eao hon so vdi tao hdn nam d huyen Chu Prdng 3.4 Trinh dp nhan thuc ve hon nhm vdgia dinh Nguyen nhdn quan trgng nhat ddn ddn viec ep hdn, ga hdn, bat vg/chdng, hoac lam theo sy sdp dat cua gia dinh va di den tao hdn, hdn nhdn can huyet thdng xuat phat tu nhimg ban chd nhdn thuc cua ngudi DTTS Qua khdo sat nhdn thuc cua nhdm dan tdc trdn dia ban huyen Chu Prdng vd nhimg quy dinh tudi kdt hdn, tac hai cua viec tao hdn vd hdn nhan can huyet thdng ddn sde khde sinh san vi nien, muc do hidu bidt phap Mat ve hdn nhan va gia dinh cua ngudi dan la rdt thdp Trong tdng sd 341 cap vg chdng Id ngudi DTTS cd lien quan den tdo hdn, hdn nhan can huydt thdng dang sinh sdng tai dia ban huyen Chu Prdng, cM cd 133 ngudi^dugc hdi ed nhdn thuc dung ve tudi ket hdn theo quy djnh cua Ludt Hdn nhdn va gia 75 Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, s6 - 2019 dinh nam 2014, cMdm 38% sd ngudi nhan thuc dung; 150 ngudi dugc hdi cd nhan thdc dung ve tac hai cua tao hdn vd hdn nhdn can huydt thong ddn sde khde eon ngudi, chidm 44% sd ngudi nhdn thuc diing Khdng chi vdy, sd ngudi nhdn thuc diing ve mdt sd quy dinh nhu dieu kidn ket hdn; cac hinh thde xu ly ket hdn trdi phap Mat; hdu qua phap ly eua vide ket hdn trai phap Mat; quyen va ngMa vu cua cha me vdi cai Ludt Hdn lihdn va gia dinh ndi chung ciing rat thdp, chi cd 165 ngudi ed nhan thuc dung, cMem 48,4% Ngoai ra, ket qud khdo sat cua nhdm ngMen euu ciing cho thdy su chdnh Idch vd mdc nhdn thuc giira cac nhdm ngudi DTTS dang sinh sdng tren dia ban huyen Chu Prdng Trong dd nhdm ngudi dan tde Tay cd ty le nhdn thdc diing cao nhat vd Luat Hdn nhdn va gia dinh ciing nhu tac hai ciia hdn nhdn can huydt thdng, chidm 77,1% sd ngudi nhan thuc diing; tiep den la ddn tdc Mudng vdi 54,3%; dan tdc Dao vdi 38,9% Ngugc lai, nhdra dan tde eo ti le nhdn thdc diing thap nhat la ngudi Jrai vdi 28,6% ngudi nhan thuc diing Phdn ldn cac cap vg chdng tao hdn hoac hdn nhan can huydt thdng tudi ddi cdn it, phai nghi hgc, mdt di co hdi hgc tap, thieu kien thdc xa hgi, can trd sy tidp thu nhung kidn thuc giao due hien dai ciing nhu qua trinh hinh nhan each, tai nang, tri Me va thd chat cua ngudi Theo sd lieu thdng kd cua Sd Giao due va Ddo tao Gia Lai, naih hgc 2017-2018, toan tinh ed tren 1.600 hgc sinh bd hgc, dd cd tren 1.500 hge sinh DTTS chidm ty Id gdn 94% sd hge sinh bd hgc ciia toan tinh [5, tr.4] Tinh trang hgc sinh bd hge d huydn Chu Prdng td nam hgc 76 2015-2016 ddn nam hgc 2017-2018 ciing rdt cao Qua khao sat tu hai trudng THPT Pleime va THPT Trdn Phu, (ddy la hai trudng phd thdng cd nhidu hge sinh la ngudi DTTS nhdt, dang theo hgc tai huydn Chu Prdng) da eho thdy, td nam 2015 ddn nam 2018 cd 381 hgc sinh bd hgc, hgc sinh nii chidra ty Id cao tu 35,9% den 58,7% va hge sinh Id ngudi DTTS chidm tren 50% so vdi tdng sd hgc sinh bd hgc Phdn ldn sd hgc sinh bd hgc la hgc sinh dang theo hgc ldp 10 va ldp 11 Trong sd hgc sinh thoi hgc cM cd 53 trudng hgp chuyen sang hgc nghd, sd hgc sinh cdn lai sau ngM hgc d nha phu giiip cdng vide nuong rdy cho bd me Tu thye trang bd hgc ciia hgc sinh d huyen Chu Prdng da dat cho nhdm ngMen cuu nhdn dinh ban ddu rang, vide bd hge va di ddn kdt hdn sdm cua hgc sinh phd thdng, nhdt la hgc sinh ntr xuat phat tu eho nhdn thdc ciia hgc sinh ve tac ddng tieu eye cua tao hdn va hdn nhdn can huyet thdng den ddi song kinh te, xa hgi cdn chua cao, cdng tac tuydn truydn, giao due, phd bien phap luat d trudng hgc chua phat huy het Meu qua Qua dieu tra nhan thdc ciia 100 hgc sinh la ngudi dan tdc tMeu sd d trudng THPT Pleime, cd 40 hgc sinh ngudi dan tdc Jrai, 25 hgc sinh dan tdc Dao, 20 hgc sinh ddn tdc Niing va 15 hgc sinh dan tdc Tay da cho thay co 84% hgc sinh DTTS nhan thdc diing ve tudi ket hdn, 95% hge sinh nhan thuc diing vd khai niera hdn nhdn can huydt thdng, 69% hgc sinh nhdn thdc diing ve anh hudng cua vi?c mang thai sdm den sue khde vi men, 53% hgc sinh nhdn thuc dung vd tac ddng tieu cue eua tao hdn, hdn nhdn can huydt thdng ddn sue khde vi nien Tran Cao Bao, Hoang Viet Tmng Giai phap giam thieu tinh trang tao h6n va hon nhan c^n huyet th6ng d eac DTTS huy^n Chu- Prong 4.2 Phdt huy vai trd xung kich ciia Mat trgn To qudc vd nguai cd uy tin cdc thon ldng 4.1 Ddy mgnh cong tdc ti4yen truyin, Vdi phuang chdm "mua ddm thdm lau", cde biin, gido diicphdp lugt hdn nhdn vd gia dinhtd chuc doan the nhu Mat tran Td qudc, Doan Thanh men cgng san Hd Chi Minh, Phd bidn, gido due phap ludt (PBGDPL) la Hgi Lien Mep Phy nir cac xd phdi kien tri phuang tidn truyen tai nhihig thdng tm, ydu tuyen truyen, van dgng bd nhdn ddn cdu, ndi dung va cac qui dinh phap Iudt vd thuc Men diing Luat Hdn nhdn va gia dinh, hdn nhan va gia dmh den ngudi dan Can cd cM rd dugc nhiing tac hai cua vide tao hdn su linh boat vd da dang hda cac Mnh thdc va hdn nhdn can huyet thdng ddn sue khde, PBGDPL cho ngudi ddng bao DTTS, nhu kinh te eua ngudi ddn Ddi vdi cdc co quan thuc thi phap ludt d thdng qua cac budi sinh hoat van hda truyen thdng cua dia phuang, ede boat ddng van dia phuang nhu cdng an xa, tu phdp xa hod, van nghe tren dia ban sinh sdng ctia ciing can ngMdm minh vide xd ly cac ngudi dan, hoac thong qua hoat ddng trg trudng hgp vi phap phap ludt vd hdn nhan, giiip phap Iy, PBGDPL thdng qua mang nhu vide dang ky ket hdn, cap hd tich hd ludi truyen eo sd, truyen thdng trye khau, cap giay can cudc cdng ddn hoac lam tiep, thdng qua bdo chi Dd thu hiit su quan gidy khai sinh eho tre em Thye thi nghiem tdm eua cde bg phan ddn cu tham gia tim minh vd phap Iudt la vide lara cdn thidt, vda ed tinh giao dye, tuyen truyen vda ed tinh Meu phap Mat lien quan den tao hdn va hdn neu guong va ran de nhan can huydt thdng, eae dia phuang ed Xuat phat tu dac thii van hda cua ddng the td chuc cac cugc tM tira hieu phap Mat bao DTTS Tdy Nguydn ludn 6.Q cao vai trd theo cum dan cu, eac budn lang hoac tai eda ngudi ddng ddu cac budn, thdn, nha sinh boat cdng ddng cua Uy ban nhdn lang Tinh cd kdt cgng ddng va sdc manh dan xa Can phai cu the hda, san khau hda cua cac thdn lang cang dugc de cao cd cae quy dinh ciia Nha nudc ve Luat Hdn nhung ngudi gid lang, trudng ban ed uy tin, nhan va gia dinh, vd phong chdng tdo hdn, uy quydn Vi vay, can phai phdt huy vai trd hdn nhan can huydt thdng bang cac tidt muc gucmg mau, di ddu ciia nhung ngudi ed uy van nghe nhu kich ndi, hai kich, cdu truydn tin cac thdn lang ngudi DTTS Bdi le, tmyen dd td dd dang Ian toan den cdng tae tuyen truyen, thuyet phuc mgi ngudi dan budn, lang ddng bao cac DTTS ehdp hanh phap Mat ve Ngoai ra, dd PBGDPL cd hidu qua cao, xu ly vi pham hdnh chinh ITnh vuc cac CO quan chuyen mdn ddng dau la Chi hdn nhdn va gia dinh tM ngudi gia ldng, cue Dan sd - Kd hoach hda gia dinh va Ban trudng ban Id ngudi gdn giii va cd uy tin Dan tdc ciia Uy ban nhan dan huyen can nhdt ddi vdi ngudi dan, giiia hg khdng cd phai bien soan tdi lieu tuydn truyen, td rai bdt cu rdo can ndo vd ngdn ngii, phong tyc bang tieng Viet vd tieng cua ngudi DTTS va tap quan, vi vay cac gia Iang, trudng dd dd dang tuyen truyen den mgi ngudi ddn ban, ngudi cd uy tin edng ddng ngudi Khoa hoc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd - 2019 ddng bao DTTS ed vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi vide tuyen truydn, van ddng xda bd nhiing bu tuc lac bau va pbdng, ehdng tdo hdn va hdn nhan can huyet thdng Mudn lam dugc didu nay, trudc het cdc CO quan chuyen traeh ve dan sd - kd hoach hda gia dinh can phai ed nhiing budi tap hudn, tuydn truyen cu the nhirng quy dinh cua phap ludt, dnh hudng cua viec tao hdn, hdn nhdn can huydt thdng va nhiing he qua phap Iy sau ket hdn eho cdc gia ldng, trudng ban nhan thuc sdu sac, tu hg se la ngudi tidn phong cdng tac phd bien phap luat hdn nhan va gia dinh tai dia phuang Ben canh do, ciing can cd co che dgng vien, khen thudng kip thdi eho nhihig gia lang, trudng ban tich cyc edng tac tuydn truydn, van ddng nhdn dan thuc hien diing Luat Hdn nhan va gia dirih ddi vdi nhiing vien khac cdng ddng Ngoai ra, ndi dung huong udc ciing cdn luu y den xay dyng xa hdi tien bd vd van minh theo tieu chi ndng thdn mdi Mdn Chinh vi vdy, dua ndi dung giao due, phdng chdng tao hdn va hdn nhdn can huyet thdng vao huong udc thdn, Iang la didu cdn tMet bdi canh xa hgi hien 4.4 Tdng cu&ng gido diic kT ndng song, gido due phdp lugt nhd tru&ng Cdn phai tang cudng giao due ki nang sdng eho hge sinh, nhat la hgc sinh ngudi DTTS, hgc sinh ydu thd nhd trudng Qua do, cdc em cd thd didu cMnh hdnh vi theo diing chuan mye xa hgi, giup eho eae em ed ki nang lya chgn, vugt qua nhirng rao cdn, thach thuc tu cudc sdng ma vuon Ien trd ngudi cd ich, tranh xa vao cac hii tuc, 4.3 Xdy dung huang u&c thon, lang gdn lac hdu vdn dang rang bugc ngudi dan tde liin v&i miic tieu gidm thieu tdo hdn va hdnminh KM dugc trang bj ki nang sdng, hgc nhdn can huyet sinh se cd kha nang lam chu bdn thdn, kien dinh vdi cMnh kien cila minh va biet Huong udc ed y ngMa vide bd sung thuong lugng, dam phdn kM gap phai kho eho phap Mat can xu li nhiing van de rdt khan cudc sdng cu the sinh tu nep sdng dae thu cua Ben eanh giao due kT nang sdng, can budn, lang Dd huong udc thye sy trd tang cudng gido dye phdp luJit eho hge sinh quy tac cua tung thdn, lang nhung lai mang Dua ndi dung phap Mat vao ehuang trinh tinh phap ly cao, bat budc mgi ngudi deu giang day cMnh khoa thdng qua cdc mdn phai thye hien thi trudc het hucmg ude eua hgc nhu Gido due cdng ddn Thudng xuyen cac thdn lang phai dugc xay dyng dua trdn giao due phap Mat thdng qua cac boat ddng CO sd phap Mat Viet Nam hien hdnh, phai bd trg giao dye nhu sinh hoat tap thd, giao dam bao tinh nghiem rainh, cdng bang ddi due ngoai gid Idn ldp, td chuc buoi hoat vdi ragi ddi tugng cdng ddng Ddng ddng ngoai khda chuyen sau vd nang cao thdi, huong udc xdy dyng phai dara bao chdt lugng dan sd, giam thidu tdo hdn va thudng phai di lidn vdi phat, mac dii khdng hdn nhan can huydt thdng thu hut ddng dao qua khdt khe ve Mnh phat, nang ve kinh td hgc sinh tham gia Nha trudng edn chii nhung cdc hinh phat cho nhdng ngudi vi ddng xdy dung kd hoach tuydn truydn phd pham ciing du tinh giao due va neu guong bidn phap Mat thdng qua cae cugc thi tim 78 Tran Cao Bag, Hoang Vigt Tmng Meu phap Mat nhan Phap Mat Vi$t Nara 9/11; hoac td chdc cac hoat dgng ngoai khda raang tinh sdn khdu hda nhu lap phidn tda gia dinh, ddng kich, hdi tM ve tranh cd ddng phdng chdng tao hdn va hdn nhan can huydt thong, de ndng cao nhdn thdc cho hgc sinh ve phap ludt hdn nhan va gia ditih Tang cudng giao dye phap Mat, ren Myen dao ddc, kf nang sdng cho hge sinh, qua dd se lan tda duge rauc tieu giam thidu tao hdn ddn timg hgc sinh va phu huynh ciing nhu ngudi xung quanh Tai lieu tham khao II] Ket luan Ban Chap hinh Trung uong (2017), Nghi quyit Hgi nghi ldn thu sdu Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khda XII vi cdng tdc ddn sd tinh Tao hdn va hdn nhan can huydt thdng cua cac DTTS d huyen Chu Prdng cd thd xay d bdt cu noi nao, khdng phdn bidt la vung sau, vimg xa, vimg kinh td khd khan hay vimg cd dieu kien kinh te, xa hgi thudn Igi Dd gidm thidu nan tao hdn, hdn nhdn can huyet thdng can cd sy vao cude ddng bd vd kien quydt td phia chinh quyen dia phuang, gia dinh - xa hdi va nha trudng, dd: Ve phia cMnh quydn dia phuong: can day manh edng tac tuyen truyen, giao due, phd bien phap Mat cho ngudi dan, nhat la ngudi DTTS Phai lay phuang chdm "phdng cdn han chdng", tang cudng nhdn thuc ciia ngudi ddn vd phap ludt hon la xu ly ngudi dan vi pham phap Mat Ve phia gia dinh - xa hdi: can xay dyng cac khu dan cu van hda, hinh cac Cdu lac bd "ndi khdng vdi tao hdn" phat huy vai trd cua cdc gia Iang, trudng ban, ngudi cd uy tin cdng ddng ddn cu Xay dyng cac quy chudn van hda khu dan cu, coi la yeu edu tdt yeu ma mdi ngudi ddn, mdi gia dinh phai thye Men va lam theo Vd phia nhd trudng: can lam tdt cdng tac phdn ludng hgc sinh td bac trung hgc CO sd vd sau la bdc trung hgc phd thdng hinh mdi H i Ngi [2] Ban Dan tgc tinh Gia Lai (2018), Bdo cdo tinh trgng tdo hdn vd hdn nhdn can huyit thdng viing ddng bdo ddn tgc thieu sd tren dia bdn tinh, Bdo cdo tham luan HOi nghi tong ket thuc hien de dn gidm thieu tdo hon vd hon nhdn cdn huyet tren dia bin tinh Gia Lai, Gia Lai [3] Nguyen Vdn Manh (2017), "Tao hon vd hon nhdn can huyet th6ng cdc ddn t6c thieu so Quang Binh, Quang Trj", Tap chi Thdng tin khoa hgc - cdng ngh4 Qudng Binh, so 14] Uy ban nhan dan huy?n Chu Prong (2018J, Bdo cdo tinh hmh tu tu vd ngn ldo hdn, hdn nhdn can huyit thong viing ddn tgc thieu sd tren dia bdn huy4n Chu Prdng, Gia Lai 15] Nggc Thu (2016), "Bdo dong tinh trang hgc sinh b6 hgc o Gia Lai", Bdo Gia Lai, ngdy 30/3 Hodng Vi?t Trung v i cdc cong su (2018), Bdo cdo diiu tra khdo sdt tgi 12 thdn, ldng ngudi DTTS ddxS (la Bodng la O Ia Pueh, la Ve, la Ga Ia Piar) vd hanlOO hgc sinh DTTS dang hgc lap 12 tgi truang THPT Pleime huyen Chu Prdng, Chu Prong, Gia Lai [7] 18] Truang THPT Pleime (2018), Bdo cdo so li4u hgc sinh thdi hoc 2015-2018, Gia Lai Tru6ng THPT Trdn Phii (2018), Bdo cdo sd li?u hgc sinh thdi hgc 2015-2018, Gia Lai 79 ... viing ddn tgc thieu sd tren dia bdn huy4n Chu Prdng, Gia Lai 15] Nggc Thu (2016), "Bdo dong tinh trang hgc sinh b6 hgc o Gia Lai" , Bdo Gia Lai, ngdy 30/3 Hodng Vi?t Trung v i cdc cong su (2018),... Chu Prong, Gia Lai [7] 18] Truang THPT Pleime (2018), Bdo cdo so li4u hgc sinh thdi hoc 2015-2018, Gia Lai Tru6ng THPT Trdn Phii (2018), Bdo cdo sd li?u hgc sinh thdi hgc 2015-2018, Gia Lai 79 ... dien d Ida tudi hgc sinh trung hgc huyet thdng d Gia Lai ndi chung va huydn Chu Prdng dang cd ddu Mdu giam ddn Theo bao cao cua Ban Dan tdc tinh Gia Lai, tu nam 2016 ddn nam 2018 ed 81 cap,ttongdd