Biến đổi tập tục chăm sóc sức khỏe bà mẹ, trẻ em của người khơ mú ở khu vực miền núi tỉnh nghệ an

Bien ddi tap tuc cham soc suTc l^hoe ba me, tre em cua ngUdi Khd Mu d khu vUc mien nui tinh Nghe An LtfdNG VAN THIET* Tom, tat: Tap tuc chdm soc sac khoe bd me, trk em dugc ngudi Kha Mu d khu vuc mien nui tinh Nghe An rdt diCac coi Theo sd lieu, ngiidi Kha Mu sinh sdng d Bde bdn ddo Bong Buang, tap trung chu yiu d Luang Prabang, Phong Xa li (Ldo), cdc tinh phia Tdy Edc ud uung Thanh Hoa, Nghe An Qua thdi gian, ngiCdi Kha Mu da due kit diiac mpt kho tdng tri thac dan gian phong phu chdm soc sac khoe bd me, trk em Tap qudn chdm soc sdc khde cua cU dan biin gidi co sU pha trpn giaa cdc dan tpc xung quanh d khu vUc bien gidi Bo do, bdi cdnh cupc song cd nhieu thay dSi, tap qudn chdm soc bd me, tre em cua ngiidi Kha Md cUng co nhieu biin doi Tit khoa: Biin dSi, cham soc bd me tre em, ngUdi Kha Mu D ^ t v a n d e Khu vUe bien gidi tinh Nghe An trai dai tren 300km vdi nUdc ban Lao, td eufa khau Thanh Thuy (Thanh Chuong) va k i t thue d xa Thdng Thu, huyen Que Phong; dUdng bien gidi qua 21 xa thugc huyen d Nghe An Khu vdc bien gidi tid'p giap vdi tinh cua nudc Lao gom Bulykhamxay, Xieng Khoang va Hua Phah^' Day la dia ban cU tru lau ddi cua eae dan tpc: Thai, Kho Mu, Hmdng, Odu, Tho (Dan Lai, Ly Ha, Tay Pogng); vdi dan sd 105.442 ngudi, dan tpc thieu so' chiem 94% dan so tren dia ban NgUdi Kho Mu d khu vUc bien gidi tinh Nghe An cd dan sd khoang 30 nghin ngudi, cMem 83% tong so' ngUdi d khu vUe bien gidi Thanh Hda, Nghe An, dd huyen Ky Son ed g i n 23 nghin ngudi Kho Mu, chie'm 65% so ngUdi Kho Md d khu vdc bien gidi'^' Sinh tu lau ddi, ngUdi Khd Mu da due k i t nhdng tap quan cham sdc siic khoe ba me tre em rat hOfu ich Cham sdc thai nM va tre em nMn nhan d gde dp cac giai doan chu ky ddi ngudi dugc cac dan tdc rat chu trgng Tap quan cham sdc siic khoe truyen thd'ng cd vai trd rat quan trgng vdi dong bao, nhat la vdi cd dan song d vung xa Tuy nMen, thdi dai nay, n i n kinh t l thi trddng dang len Idi va tae dpng '•• Ths Luong Van Thiet, Bao tang Dan toe hpc Viet Nam 54 eang manh me d i n ddi song xa hdi cua ngddi Kho Mu thi tap tuc cham sdc sdc khde ba me, tre em dang d i n chuyen bie'n, thay dli nham dap uttig nhu cau eham soc sdc khoe cang cao ciia dong bao Tap q u a n c h a m soc sufc k h o e ba m e tre e m truydn t h o n g 2.1 Quan ni^m cua ngitdi Kho Mii ve sinh Ngudi Kho Md d khu vdc bien gidi Viet - Lao quan mem da vp chong thi vide sinh la td nhien nhd cay cd nd hoa Su ddi cua mpt dda tre la sU kien trgng dai khdng chi vdi gia dinh ma cdn la mem vui cua ca ddng hg Mdi dda tre, nha't la trai ddi, dap dng nhu ciu vl vide nd'i ddi tdng dddng va gia tang vien hg tdc Doi vdi hp viec sinh nMeu eon trai cdn the Men cho mdt gia dinh sung tdc, cd the manh Idn lao ddng san xua't Theo dong bao ddng thi lam phde, nhieu lgc; sinh nhieu Idc ve gia ye'u se ddgc cac eon phung dUdng chu dao; cap vp chong nao khdng sinh dUpc eon tM hi eoi la vd phuc'^' Do ddi sdng cda dong bao chu ye'u dua vao trpt va san xuat ndng ngMep, ngUdi Kho Mu ludn mong mudn eo nhieu de lam nMeu eua cai va giau ed Dac biet, ddc mud'n ed nMeu khdng cM pham vi gia dinh ma d ca ddng hg Theo hp ne'u mdt ddng hg ddng ngddi se cd Uu the cac cdng viee ehung cua ban, mudng Cd nMeu noi nhCftig ngUdi n i m gid cac vai trd quan trgng cpng dong la nhdng ddng hg ddng ngUdi Do Nghien cau Bong Nam A, sd 1/2020 vay, smh nMlu cdn la khat vpng quyen Idc, sdc manh cdng dong NgUdi Kho Md cho r i n g kM mdt dda tre ddi se lam thay doi vi the eua cac bac sinh thanh, dng ba hp se dupc Idn mdt bac de trd cha me hay dng ba, eu, ky Tam Iy thich sinh trai cung ton tai cgng dong ngddi Kho Mu d khu vdc bien gidi gid'ng nhd cau ndi "nhinh hoong hai, chai hong li^ng" nghia la eon gai la ciia de ban, trai la cua de nudi Theo quan mem cua ddng bao, trai ed sdc khde se giup ddpc cha me nhflng viec nang nhgc nhd ehat go, duhg nha, kie'm an hoac cang dang nhCfng cdng viec can nang nhgc Dd'i vdi mdt dan tdc sdng bang nghi lam ndPng ray, g i n bo vdi rijfng nhd ngddi Kho Mu thi vai trd eua trai thdc sU rat quan trpng Ngay nay, viee vao rimg lay go, khai pha ndong ray da han che', nhdng cdng viec khai thac lam tho san rat ein de'n sd xdng xao, khde manh cua ngddi trai Ngoai ra, nhuhg tae dpng cua nen kinh te' thi trudng tdi cuge sdng cua dong bao Kho Mu ddi hdi hp can cd su tao bao, dam nghi, dam lam cua mdt ngUdi dan dng de bat nhip vdi cupc so'ng sdi ddng nhd Men Td tddng trgng nam kinh nd du da giam song v i n kha nang n l quan niem cua ngudi Kho Mu ve eai Gia dinh la mdi trUdng nudi dddng, giao due cho mdi ngddi Kho Md Dao nghia trUdc sau gida hai the' he ludn dugc de eao La cU dan lam ndng nghiep nen cha me ludn quan mem r i n g ddi minh da kho phai phan dau cho eon cai thoat khoi eanh chan Luong Vdn Thiet - Bie'n ddi tap tuc chdm soc sac khoe ba me, tre em Iam tay bun Cha me ludn cd ging cham sdc eho cai hgc hanh dat roi dung vp ga chong cho yen be gia that Con chau ludn lo tron ehd Meu, hgc tap khong ngifeg bao dap cdng on bd' me, dng ba Dae biet nha ed cha me hay dng ba mat, chau kieng cOf khdng den nhOfng noi ddng vui hgi he, dam eUdi Ben canh vide xem trpng vai trd cua ngudi trai, ngUdi Kho Mu cung khdng xem nhe vai tro eua ngUdi phu nU Trong cudc sdng tU san, tU tidu, nhu ciu an, mac m i i gia dinh rat Idn, ngUdi phu nii thudng la tay hdm cMa khda, la ngUdi ndi tddng, mdt gia dinh yen am, hanh phue la ban tay kheo leo, su can m i n cua ngUdi phu nU tao nen Trong do, viec cay lua, hai lupm, xuc ca, eham lo bda an deu phu nd dam nhiem Cdng viec chan nudi gia sue, gia cam cung la cdng viec cua phu nd Cong viee then thiia, det vai la sd trudng, vai tro g i n nhu khdng t h i thay the ciia ngudi phu nuf Nhu vay, cd t h i thay ngUdi Kho Mu d khu vUe bien gidi Viet Lao xem trgng ea eon trai va gai, ndi nhu dong bao la co nep, cd te gia dinh mdi ddgc xem la hoan my, vien man 2.2 Tqip tuc chdm soc svCc khoe me, tre em bd Cung nhu nhieu dan tdc anh em khae, ngudi Kho Mu kM mang thai phai kieng rat nMeu thd, khdng cM ngddi vp va ea chong cung phai kieng theo Hp kieng an ngpt va ud'ng rdgu t r i n g nhuhg v i n dugc ud'ng rugu ein Trong thdi gian mang thai ca vg va chlng diu kidng giet gia sue, gia cam, tham cM kM nMn t h i y ngUdi 55 khae giet sue vat cung phai tranh khdng dugc nMn Dac biet, dong bao kieng ca com ipa sdm), ca qua (pa khe) thdi gian thang vi hp cho r i n g hai loai ca rat de gay tao bdn cho san phu Ngoai ra, ngudi chong eon phai kieng xe go hay ddng cpe NgUdi Khomu khdng kieng tham dU dam tang Tuy nMen, tham du dam tang, ca vp va chong phai nhat mdt so' vat lien quan de'n ngUdi chet nhu mgt vai m i n h vun tiT gd deo quan tai, vai liem, eud'ng cMeu hay day huge don kMdng d l dun nUde t i m eho tre so sinh dau Hg quan niem tam bang loai nUdc tre nho se khdng hi dau dm, coi cgc'^^ Khi CO thai 4, thang, gia dinh thudng lam Ie bdi thai xem cd ma nao lam hai thai nhi hay khdng Hg mdi thay den bdi thai bang each dimg tning ga song lan tren ed t b i ngudi mang thai, roi dap qua trufng vao bat de bdi Thdng qua long dd tning, thay cung se phan xem ma gi lam hai, sau dd hp t i l n hanh ngM l l eung nho Le vM cung gom vien com nep bdi nho noi (mau den), vien com nep quet trau (mau do), it thud'c la spi, gao, thdc, dt, thit sdng, vai xanh dd Ngoai ra, le cung eon cd hinh nhan, cac gia sue ddgc nan b i n g d i t set va mdt sd' dd dung nhd xoong, chao Hp ghep la chudi lam mam va dat tat ea le vat Idn dd dl t i l n hanh nghi Id Xung quanh mam cdng la khoang 20 doan tre budc vai mau, cd doan tre cao hon budc hai sgi ehi xanh, de thay cung, san phu cam vao hai sgi ehi keo cang ra*^* Cae thay cdng cho rang, san phu c i m hai sgi cM gdp phan tang 56 them sdc manh Sgi cM k i t nd'i vdi ma (hroi) phii hd cho san phu va tre nho ddgc binh an Khi cung xong, t h i y cung ddt sgi cM lan (mdi lan dot sdi cM duft, san phu se keo p h i n Iai de tie'p tuc dot) Ne'u diu day diit quay ve phia ngddi mang thai, hp eho r i n g luc dd ma van chUa di va phai tien hanh nghi le cdng Idn hon Trong le cung Idn, le vat gom mam Mam thd nhat cd hat gao, tren mdi hat gao ed qua triing ga va mpt chiec vdng, ben canh cdn cd cung cua thay cung nhu dao, d&ng xa Mam thd hai gom bg quan ao nam, bd quin ao nd, nen bac hoae vdng eo dupe dat tren bd quin ao nU Mam thd ba dat eae le vat nhU Ion nhd (phan thit sdng cua eon Ign duge ehia lam phan, ghep lai theo Mnh eon Ign, diu Ign hudng vl pMa ban thd), long Ign lupe chin dat len hai bat, ga lupc (1 danh eho to tien, danh cho ma t h i y cung) Ngoai ra, Ie cung Idn cdn cd mdt chai rUpu cat va mgt hu rUgu can dat dudi gam san Theo hp, rUpu dUdc dung cho ma t h i dia, ma rtfng n h i m tranh cac ma den an cung ma to tien (mam cdng tren nha) Khi tie'n hanh le cdng, gia chu se mdi tat ca ngddi gia hg den dd va nhdng ngudi eung se phu giup thay cdng qua trinh tie'n hanh nghi IS Thay cung khan va liy gao rae len tren hai qua trdng ga d tren hai bat gao Ne'u nhCfng hat gao dpng lai tren qua trufng vdi Ian so le va l i n sd' chan thi tiic la ma da ve Sau nghi Id nay, hp mdi be mam thd ba cung Cdng xong, thay eung dung chi budc CO tay cho san phu, tuc ddgc dong bao Jhhiencau Bong Nam A, sd 1/2020 ggi la sdi ngach tuc ti Sau do, san phu c i m bat long Ipn an vai mieng va cMa cho mpi ngddi xung quanh cung an; nhdng ngUdi den du le cung eiu chdc cho san phu ddgc khoe manh, gap may m i n qua trinh sinh nd Trong ga cung, gia chu gid lai mgt eon, mdt danh cho thay cung kM dng ve Id vat biiu t h i y eung edn khoanh el Ipn cung, mdt chan trudc, 1/3 cd long, ngoai eon kem theo cac thdc an khae nhU gao, trUng ga, vai, tien, rupu San phu cd phong danh rieng cho viec sinh nd, ggi la "hoong a con", dd'i dien vdi bep d bdn diu hoi (day la noi dl lat vat hang ngay) Me de hoac me chong hay em gai chdng, cd noi ca ngddi chong cung tham gia dd de cho san phu Ngddi Kho Mu ngoi xom kM de, tay cim spi day chang tu xa nha xud'ng de lay sdc ran KM c i t ron, ngUdi ta ke cuong rdn len hdn than hong, vdi ham y chdng ta ma Dda tre dupc cat rdn bing cat nda sau ea me va se ddgc t i m qua b i n g nddc dun la thom ba diu, sau mdi ddpc khoi gian de Nhau thai ddpc bd vao ong tre, nut b i n g gie roi dem budc vao mdt gd'c eay nao dd d ngoai ban lue sang sdm Neu la dau long, cuong rdn rung, ngddi ta dem treo len ranh bep dung lam thuoc chda benh, hp se mai vao nUdc cho tre ud'ng kM bi sot ret, sot nong Con eud'ng rdn td eon thd trd di hg cM vuft di khdng dung gid'ng eon dau long Ne'u kho de, hp se mdi t h i y eung dung vit da t i m rUgu xoa khap bung, ldng san phu va khan than Iinh, to tidn phu hd Neu eon khd de hon, hp lay mdt simg trau muc nUdc len dau eho san phu hoac hp rut mdt ddn tay Luong Vdn Thie't - Bien doi tap tuc chdm soc sac khoe bd me, tre em dudi gam san the hien eho vide ldi dda tre khoi bung me Hoac hp co the nhd t h i y cung lam phep lay nudc la hda trpn vdi hat virng va ba hat bdng, doc phu chu rdi cho san phu uong Luc mdi sinh ra, tre so sinh dugc mde ddm, dai mieng b i n g mat ong va dupc tam rda nMlu l i n ngay, thdng thudng td -7 lin/ngay, sau sd l i n t i m giam dan San phu cung vay, phai t i m tai nha dau, sau eo the di ngoai tam nhUng phai che kin gio Trong thdi gian d cd, san phu dupc ud'ng nUde dun sdi n i u tir cay "tang ngdt" NgUdi Kho Mu kidng ngddi la vao n h a sau de vi sg mang via dda tre di theo Do vay, thdi gian hg phai dan mgt cai taleo, tren cam mdt canh la xanh va dat d chan cau thang lam hieu nha dang kieng cd Sau kM sinh, san phu cM ddgc an mgt so' rau nhu rau ban hay hoang sung cung mudi tieu da dot than Neu gia dinh k h a m k h a thi san phu ddgc boi duBng t h e m thit ga, gio Ipn va mdt sd' loai ea nUdng Dong thdi, san phu phai kidng an rat nMeu thd nhU dgng vat cd ldng t r i n g , thit chd, ca chep, thit khi, hoang Ngddi Kho Mu khdng dpi Id trdn thang mdi dat ten ma cM sau (neu la gai), (ne'u la trai) se Iam Ie dat tdn Le dat ten {pan ma) gom: ga, vd rupu can, chai rUpu cat, bg quan ao, sgi cM huge via cho va bd me Le cung dugc tien hanh tai gian giUa ciia ngdi nha NgUdi me trao dda tre eho dng ndi be, dng ngi i m dda be Idn roi dat ehau Idn cai tdn da dinh s i n Sau do, dng xem chan ga de doan menh cho dda be Dieu dac biet 57 Ie eung nay, ngddi Kho Mu cdn dat cMec no, mui ten ne'u dda be la trai, cdn gai hp dat mgt cMec be nho lam bang nUa Ly giai ve viec nay, nha nghien cdu Moong Van Nghe d thi tran Mudng Xen, huyen Ky Son eho ring, "Ngiidi Khamu cdu mong neu be trai no phdi gan dg, gioi giang cong viec di rang chat gd, ldm nicang ray, san bdn di bdo ve cho ddn bdn; con gdi thi cdu mong no thudn thuc cong viec npi trg, di lgi tren song nUdc di mo cua bdt dc chudn bi nhang bUa cam, chdm soc gia dinh thdt tdf'-^l Sau ll dat tdn la ngM thdc budc chi CO tay eho em be va h i me Trong II nay, hai ben ndi ngoai ed mat ddng du, an udng vui ve de miTng Id dat ten Sau le nay, ea hai me ed the trd lai chd ngii thudng ngay, cung ddpc xem la het thdi gian d eu" Sau mgt thang, ba me cd the diu eon di choi nha hang xdm, Idn nuong hay sud'i giat ru binh thUdng Trong thdi gian dau, phu nU Kho Mu nudi bang sda me, ne'u ngddi me tMeu sGa hg cd the dung rd cay du du h i m vdi thit Ipn nac eho san phu an eho cd sda Theo kinh ngMem eua ngUdi Kho Mu, dl ba me e6 nMeu sUa, hp dung nggn eay song nau canh nhat dl eho san phu ud'ng Ngudi Kho Mu cung bie't nhieu loai thude dan tpc d l phdng trd ngUdi me bi hau san hay bang huylt Do dilu kien cudc song cdn nMeu khd khan, vide an ud'ng, ve sinh thap nen td kM edn tho au cho din tuoi men, tre em Kho Mu gan nhd phu thugc vao sU ehpn Igc cua tMen nMen Trong sU tMch dng nay, ne'u dda tre khdng du sdc khde dl khang thddng hi chit yiu td be, nhOftig 58 Nghien cau Bong Nam A, sd 1/2020 dda tre sdng sdt thudng r i t khde manh, sdng" di chUa kip truyin Iai h i t cho hau the von kinh ngMem, tri thdc ma hp em Kho Mu da cd the tham gia vao ddi day edng tich luy Mat khac, nhCfng ngUdi song sinh boat h i n g cung nhU lao duge truyen day khdng hge h i t hay ddng san xuit Cac be trai cd the chan trau, chua du quyet tam de theo nghe d i n tan b i t ca, dat bay; cae be gai cd the trdng em, cung nen ehUa phat huy h i t vd'n k i l n thdc giat quin ao, lay cui, xuc ca, nau an TU 15 td nhdng ngUdi di trudc Theo khao sat eua tuoi trd len, tre em Kbp Mu co the hoa tae gia, ty le trung binh cac thay thuoc nhap vao cudc sdng lao dpng ciia gia dinh duge truyen nghe hgc dupc cM dat 55%, co nhu mdt vien trUdng Va cung ngudi chi dat khoang 35% so vdi vd'n kien td day, cae em cd the lam quen, tim ban thdc cua cac t h i y truyen day tich luy ddpc tinh va dan di tdi hdn nhan de b i t diu mdt Danh tieng va vai trd cham sdc sdc khde tai cpng dong eua ngUdi dupe truyen day eupc sdng mdi tdong lai cung md nhat din Day la thdc trang Bi&'n d i v e t | i p q u a n c h a m soc siifc ehung cgng dong cac dan toe cf Vidt khoe ba me, tre em Nam vd'n k i l n thdc truyen thd'ng dang Tap tue cham sdc sdc khoe ba me, tre ddng trudc su bien doi, mai mdt va co nguy em ciia ngudi Kho Mu cho den da bi CO biln mat Nhdng le ngM, bai cung co phai nhat din, cac ngM le cung d i n ving tinh chat mau nhiem, huyen bi, nhiJng bong Dudi sU tae ddng eua co ehe thi kieng ky qua nhilu va rddm la mdt trUdng va dieu kien cham soc sdc khoe p h i n quan trpng lam mai mpt vd'n tri thdc cpng ddng eang thuan Ipi hon nen cham soc sdc khde cua ngUdi Kho Mu ding bao cung dan chuyen sang eham sdc KM ddi sdng k h i m kha hon, cac gia sdc khde ba me, tre em tai cac tram xa, dinh it suf dung cac bai thud'c dan tdc benh vien Ngay nay, vai tro eua nhCfng bai eham sdc sdc khde Thay vao hg ehii yeu thud'c dan gian cham soc sUc khoe chda tri tai cac tram xa hay benh vien da cpng dong cang mai mdt va phai nhat khoa eua huyen, tham cM nhieu gia dinh din NhOng t h i y thud'c cao tay "bau vat cdn xudng tan tuyin tinh, Trung Upng Gidi eddng trang D i n tudi tMeu men, tre Bang 1: Vide lifa chpn sinh ciia ngilili Khd Mii tai xa Chidu Lrfu va Bao Thdng Ntfi sinh Tai nha Tai benh vien tram xa Nam 2014 Chieu Liiu N"'=25 14 56% 11 44% Bao Thiing N=18 12 67% 33% Nam 2017 Chieu Liiu N=30 12 40% 18 60%o vao nilm 2014 va nam Biio T h a n g N=20 11 55% 45% 2017 Luong Vdn Thiet - Bien ddi lap tuc chdm soc sdc khoe bd me, tre em tre hien thd O vdi cac tap quan cham sdc truyin thdng Mdi tre nhd hi hdnh vat, cam cum thdng thudng hp thUdng dUa den benh vien, tram xa de chda tri Dae bidt, viec sinh eon da eo sU thay doi kha sau sic Tai hai xa Chieu Lufu va Bao T h i n g thugc huydn Ky Son, tinh Nghe An, nPi tap trung nMeu ngUdi KbP Mu, tap tuc sinh tai nha dang giam dang k l Chieu LUu la mdt xa g i n dUdng 7A, co nga ba Xidng Thu; cdn xa Bao T h i n g each xa trung tam, dudng di lai khd khan Ca hai diu la dia ban tap trung ddng due ngudi Kho Md, bdn canh dd cdn co sU cdng cu vdi ngudi Thai, Kinh Viec Ida chgn se giup dilu tra co nhdng ket qua phan a n h su khac biet Ida chpn noi sinh eua ngUdi Khp Mu (Xem Bang 1) Bang cho thay sU dich chuyen nhan thdc va lUa chpn dia diem sinh cua ngudi Khcfmu d hai xa ngMen cufu Vao nam 2014, ngudi Kho Mu d hai xa ehu yiu sinh tai nha vdi tren 50% so' ngudi duge khao sat xa Chieu LUu, 56% sd ngudi lUa chgn sinh tai nha so vdi cM 44% sinh tai benh vidn hoac tram xa; edn xa Bao T h i n g so' la 67% so vdi 33% so ngudi Ida chgn sinh eon d tram xa Nhiing nam 2000 trd ve trUde, da sd ngUdi Khd Mu diu Ida chgn sinh tai nha va cham s6c theo phuong phap truyen thd'ng O Bao Thing, mdt xa vung cao, dddng di lai khd khan, da so ngddi dan cham sdc thai nhi theo phuong phap truyin thd'ng Tuy nhidn, sau hon nam da cd mdt sd dich chuyen Idn ve nhan thdc n h i m dam bao an toan eho thai nM va san phu Tai xa Chieu LUu, ti le sinh tai benh vien 59 hoac tram xa da tang Ien 60%, Idii do, sinh eon tai nha cMlm 40% tong sd ngudi dugc hoi Tai xa Bao Thing, giao thdng di Iai thuan lgi, dae biet he thd'ng cham sdc sdc khoe da xud'ng tan thdn ban nen da cd sd thay doi Idn: td 33% len 45% sinh tai tram xa; du ti le v i n tha'p hon sinh eon tai nha (55%) Tuy nMen, eon s i dang co xu hddng tang len theo thdi gian, cung mde song cang tang cua ddng bao tren dia ban xa Bao Thing Nhd vay e6 the thay, tap tuc cham sdc sdc khoe ba me, tre em dang biln doi cang manh me Cac gia tri van hoa dan gian mdt mai mpt, giam dan vai trd, tham cM biln mat Thue t l viec truyin day tap quan cham soc sdc khde ba me, thai nM eua ngudi Kho Mu eho t h i y biln doi van hoa eua ngddi Kho Md dang diln cang manh me bd'i eanh Men Kfe't Luan NgUdi Kho Mu d khu vdc hien gidi Viet - Lao qua qud trinh sinh sdng lau ddi da due k i t dupc mdt kho tang tri thdc dan gian phong phu ve chdm sdc sdc khde, dac bidt la cham sdc sdc khde ba me, tre em Do sinh song cf dia ban khd khan, dan trai d vung sau vung xa nen viec sd dung eae bai thud'c dan gian cham soc sdc khoe tai ehd cho ba me tre em cd mdt vi tri dac biet ddi so'ng sinh boat eiia dong bao Nhdng tap tuc ddpc ngUdi Kho Mu trao truyen, tri va cd vai trd ra't quan trgng ddi song Tuy nhien, theo thdi gian, nhUng tap tuc dan hi mai mdt, gidi tre thd P khdng mud'n tri cac gia tri van hda truyin thd'ng Nguyen 60 Jfghiincau nhan cua van d l cd the ddi sd'ng ngddi dan dUdc nang cao, dilu kien va phuong tien di lai thuan lgi, dl dang tiep can vdi cae dieh vu cham sdc sdc khoe hien dai Ben eanh dd, nhCtng tap tuc truyen thdng thudng rddm ra, nguon thude tut nMen cang khan Mem va sd khuat bdng dan cua cac vi cao men Bdi vay, sU biln doi vl tap quan eham sdc sdc khde ba me, tre em dang diln cang manh me cdng dong ngudi Kho Md d khu vUc bien gidi va eae dia phuong khac./ Bdng Nam A, sd 1/2020 Ban Dan toe va mien nui Nghe An (1992), Mpt so chinh sdch ve ddn tpc vd mien nui Nghe An, Nxb Nghe An, Nghe An Nguyen Van Chinh (2005), "Sedentarization, Adaptation and Marginalization: A case study of the Khrau in Vietnam", Paper presented to the RCSD Board Meeting in Kunming, 11/2005 Tran Tit Chung, Pham Quang Hoan, Moong Van Nghe, Cao Tien Tan, Nguyin Ngpc Thanh, Vuong Xuan Tinh, Cam Trpng (1995), Dgc trUng vdn hoa ud truyen thdng cdch mgng cdc ddn tpc d Ky Son, Nghe An, Nxb Chinh tri Quo'c gia Ha Npi Li Daoyong (1984), "The Kammu people in China and Their Social Customs", Asian Folklore Studies, (volume 43), Pp 15-28 CHU THICH Ban Dan tdc va mien nui Nghe An (1992), Mpt sd chinh sdch ue ddn tpc ud mien nui Ngh^ An, Nxb Nghe An, tr.7 Ting dieu tra dan so va nha d Viet Nam 2009- Ket qua dieu tra toan bp, 2010, tr 180-191 Vi Van An (1985), Cdc nghi ll gia dinh cHa ngiM Thdi d uung di^mg 7, Tu hgu Vien Dan tpc hoc Ha Ndi, tr.93 Khong Diln (chu bien 1999), Dan tpc Kho Mu d Viet Nam, Nxb Van hda dan tpc Ha Npi, tr.202 -212 Khdng Diln (chu bien 1999), tldd, tr.204 Tu lieu phdng van ong Moong Van Nghe, tac gia thuc Men nam 2017 Khdng Diln (chu bien 1999), Ddn tpc Kha Mu d ViH Nam, Nxb Van hoa dan tpc Ha Ndi Lindell K (1984), "Kammu Totem Tales", Asian Folklore Studies, (Volume 43), Pp 313 Hoang Luong (2005), Vdn hoa cdc ddn tpc d Tdy Bac Viet Nam, TrUdng Dai hpc Van hda Ha Ndi, Ha Ndi Chu Thai Son, Vi Van An (2006), NgUdi Kha-mu, Nxb Tre, TP.Ho CM Minh 10 Suksavang S (1997), Kmhmu' livelihood Farming the Foest, by the Institute for Cultural Research, Ministry of Information and Culture, PO Box 5246, Vientiane, Lao PDR TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 11 Luong Van Thilt (2017), Tri thUc ddn gian cua ngUdi Khamu d huy§n Ky San, tinh Nghe An, Hpi Van nghe dan gian Viet Nam, Ha Ndi 12 Nguyen Duy Thieu (1996), Cdu tnic tpc ngUdi Ldo, Nxb KHXH, Ha Ndi Vi Van Aa (1985), Cdc nghi lit gia dinh cua ngUdi Thdi & vimg di^mg 7, Tu lieu Vien Dan toe hpc, Ha Npi 13 Dang NgMdm Van, Nguyin True Binh, Nguyen Van Huy, Thanh TMen (1972), NhUng nhdm dan tpc thude ngU he Nam A d Tdy Bac Vipt Nam, Nxb KHXH, Ha Npi Sd lupng ngudi phong van  ... thude tut nMen cang khan Mem va sd khuat bdng dan cua cac vi cao men Bdi vay, sU biln doi vl tap quan eham sdc sdc khde ba me, tre em dang diln cang manh me cdng dong ngudi Kho Md d khu vUc bien... i dang co xu hddng tang len theo thdi gian, cung mde song cang tang cua ddng bao tren dia ban xa Bao Thing Nhd vay e6 the thay, tap tuc cham sdc sdc khoe ba me, tre em dang biln doi cang manh... de vi sg mang via dda tre di theo Do vay, thdi gian hg phai dan mgt cai taleo, tren cam mdt canh la xanh va dat d chan cau thang lam hieu nha dang kieng cd Sau kM sinh, san phu cM ddgc an mgt so'