Do Thj Lien Van So sanh chdl luang cupc song So sanh chat lu'ong cuoc song a Bangkok va Ha Noi thong qua nhom chi so moi trucrng tu* nhien va nha & cua Mercer BS Thi Lien Vdn* Vien Nghien cteu Phdt trien Kinh te - Xa hoi Hd Ndi Ngdy nhgn bdt 13/03/2019 ngdy giri phdn bien 24'04/20l9 ngdy duyil dang: 9/05/2019 T lien de cap tdi chdt lieang eude sdng (CLCS) cua mpt thdnh phd, chting ta khdng J J chi nhdn mgnh den cdc yeu td vdt ehdt vd linh thdn md edn chu trgng tdi nhimg vdn de khde ve thi nhu mdi trudng tu nhien vd nhd d Di ed them nhimg ddnh gid khach quan vd sdu sdc han ve linh vuc ndy, bdi viit se nghiin cuu so sdnh nhOng diim lucmg ddng vd khac biit ve CLCS cua Bangkok vd Hd Npi thdng qua kit qud diiu tra khdo sdt ve nhom chi sd mdi trudng tie nhien vd nhd a cua Mercer, ddng thdi chi nhung thdnh tuu, hgn chi, nguyin nhdn vd bdi hgc kinh nghiem ddi vdi Hd Npi bdi ednh mdi Tir khoa: Chat lugng cuoc sdng, Bangkok, Hd Npi, Mercer Mffdau Trdn the gidi co nhieu each tiep can khde vl chdt lugng cudc song Tiiy timg muc tieu, dilu kien, hoan cdnh khde d moi mot khu vyc, quoc gia hoac thdnh phd ma cac hpc gia dua each tilp can phii hgp Ngay nay, de cap tdi CLCS cua mdt pho, ngudi ta khong chi nhan manh din cac ylu to vdt chat hoac tinh thdn, ma chu trgng tdi ca nhiing ylu td biic xiic khac tbj nhu mditiTJongtu nhien vd nha d Hai ylu td cung chinh la 2/10 nhdm chi sd quan frgng Bp chi so CLCS cua Mercer va se dupe sir dung dl phan tich, lam ro so sanh giiia thdnh phd Bangkok va Hd Ngi J Khai quat ve chat lu^ng cuoc song Theo quan diem cua nhom tdc gid Takashi Inoguchi vd cac cgng su (2014) cho rdng, cdc chi s6 CLCS khong chi bao gdm sy giau co, viec ldm ma la viec bdo ve moi trudng, siic khde thi chat va tinh than, giao due, thdi gian * lien van77@yahoo.com ' WHO QOL (1995) Nghien ciiu An D p vd Chdu A S6 - 2019, tr.49-56 giai tri va cdc ITnh vyc vdn hda, xa hdi khac Cdc tdc gia da dl cap tdi sdu ldi sdng gdm: cupc sdng hien dai, cupc sdng sd, ddi song tdn gido, ddi sdng toan cdu, ddi sdng chinh trj, cupc sdng gia dinh' Cdn theo Marans (2012), ddy la mpt khai niem mang tinh lien nganh vd nd dupe the hien qua cac nghien cuu lien nganh^ Q gdc dp khac, Smith, Nelischer & Perkins (1997) cho rdng CLCS khong chi vdi muc dich la thu hiit ngudi mdi ma cdn khuyen khich cu ddn bien tai d lai gdn bd vdi Dieu ddi hoi phdi cd hdnh dpng de ddm bdo su hdi long ciia cdng ddn vdi cupc sdng thdnh pho^ CJ Viet Nam, Bp chi so thj (Vietnam Urban Indicators - VUI) cua Tdng cue thdng ke va Bg Xdy dung dugc xay dung tir ndm 2011 nhdm dua cdc chi tieu thdng ke VUI sii dung 97 chi tieu thong ke cdc thj gdn vdi cdc muc tieu phdt friln thien nien ky VUI cung cap thong tin vl timg thj tren nhieu mat nhu dan sd, lao dpng, y te, giao dye, van hoa, an toan, sir dung ddt, ' Marans, R.W (2012) ' Smith, T et al (1997) Dd Thj Lien Van .So sdnh chdt lugng cudc sdng nha d, giao thdng, thoat nude, cap dien, thong tin lien lac, cap nude, thodt nude, quan ly chdt thdi rdn - ve sinh mdi trudng, kinh te tai chinh, vd qudn frj dd thj "* Trong so cdc Bp chi sd dua khao sdt CLCS, bp chi sd Mercer dugc danh gia la todn dien, dugc tbyc hien thudng xuyen hdng nam Bg chi so khong chi cung cap nhiing thdng tin hiru ich ma cdn dua nhtrng khuyen nghj can thiet ddi vdi cac pho, cac qudc gia tren the gidi Bp chi sd cdn la thudc chdt lugng phdt triln cua cac Tinh din 2018, Mercer danh gia CLCS thj tai ban 231 phd dugc khdo sat tren toan the gidi CLCS dugc phdn tich theo 39 chi sd phdn va chia thdnh 10 nhdm: (I) Mdi trudng chinh trj vd xd hpi; (2) Mdi trudng kinh te; (3) Mdi trudng vdn hda xd hdi; (4) Y ti va sire khde; (5) Trudng hge vd gido due; (6) Dich vu cdng epng vd giao thdng; (7) Gidi tri; (8) Hdng lieu diing; (9) Nhd a; (10) Mdi trudng tu nhiin^ Do vay, dya vao bg chi so Mercer cd the thye thi mpt each hieu qua viec danh gid CLCS Hd Ndi vd Bangkok Tuy nhien, khudn khd cd ban, bdi viet ndy, tac gid chi sii dung ket qud xep hang CLCS ciia Mercer da cong bd gdn ddy ket hgp vdi ket qud dieu tra khdo sat tdc gid thuc hien hien bang phuang phap chgn mdu ngau nhien phdn tdng tai Bangkok vd Hd Ngi, vdi moi la 200 mau phieu nham so sanh, lam ro2/10 nhdm chi s6 vl moi trudng ty nhien va nhd d, gdm chi sd Bp chi sd ctia Mercer: (1) Khi hau thdi tiet; (2) Thien tai; (3) Dd dac va dung cu gia dung; (4) Bdo tri va siia chiia nhd d; (5) So lugng va quy mo nha d So sanh nhung diem giong, khac giira Bangkok va Ha Noi (1) Khi hgu thai Hit: Bangkok va Ha Npi Cling nam d viing hau nhiet ddi gid miia, ndng dm vd mua nhieu Tuy nhien, Bangkok thi co miia Hd Npi Id cd mua xudn, ha, thu, ddng Trudc su bien ddi hau va thj hda nhanh, nhiet dp cua hai thdnh deu da tdng len ro ret (2) Thiin tai: Bangkok vd Hd Npi dlu dang phdi trdi nhiing bien ddi ve hau, thdi tilt Ddy chinh la sy trd gid cho su phat trien bua bai va thieu y thiic ciia ngudi ddi vdi ty nhien (3) Dd dgc va gia dung: Nhin chung, so vdi nhung nam trudc day, dac vd dung cu gia dung cua ngudi ddn sdng d cac thi nhu Bangkok vd Hd Npi da day du ban nhieu Khdng cbi la cac tien nghi sinh boat dupe sdn xuat d nude, ma nhieu mat hang cdn dugc nhap khdu tir nude ngoai tiiy theo thi hieu vd dieu kien cua timg ngudi, timg gia dinh Tuy nhien, cung van cdn mgt bg phan ngudi dan ngheo dd thi, co ddi song gap nhilu kho khdn nen tien nghi sinh boat nhieu thieu thon, dan so (4) Bdo tri vd sira chira nhd d: Cd hai phd Bangkok va Ha Ngi deu co nhting khu nhd tap the dugc xdy tir each day vai chuc nam Vi vay, den cac khu nhd tap thi dlu da xudng cdp, qud han sir dung, can dugc siia chiia va dugc su quan tdm ciia cdc cdp chinh quyen dia phuang va cac nha qudn ly ban niia (5) Sd lugng vd quy md nhd a Cac khu nha cao tang da nhanh chdng mpc len de ddp ling nhu cdu cdng cao ciia ngudi dan vl nhd is Dieu da khien bp mat thj cua Bangkok va Ha Npi trd nen khang trang, hien dai han Tuy nhien, gid nha ddt d hai phd van dang bj day len qua cao so vdi gid tri thye va so vdi gid nha cua nhieu tren the gidi 2.1 Nhimg diem giong * UN - Habitat & ACVN (2010) ^Mercer (2015) Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chdu A So - 2019, tr.49-56 Dd Thi Lien Van So sdnh ehdt lugng cudc sdng 2.2 Nhirng diim khac (1) Khi hgu thdi tiit: Bangkok cd hau nhiet ddi hoang da vd cbju dnh hudng ciia he thong gio miia Nam A Bangkok trai qua ba miia: nong, mua va mat me, mac dii nhiet dp kha nong quanh nam, tii muc thap, frnng binh 22,0°C (71,6°F) frong thdng 12 den miic cao, tmng binb 35,4 °C (95,7 °F) vdo thdng Hien nay, ca frong miia mdt tiii nhiet dp cdn cdm thdy oi biic hon miia he bdi hieu iing cua cdc tda nhd cao 6c^ Nam 2018, Bangkok da phai trai qua 276 vdi miic nhiet tren 32°C Ndm vitng nhiet ddi gid miia, hgu Hd Npi cd dgc trung ndi bdt Id gio mita dm, ndng va mua nhieu ve miia he, lanh va it mua ve mua ddng; dupe chia thdnh bon miia ro ret frong nam: Xuan, Ha, Thu, Dong Tuy nhien, din nay, ranh gidi phan chia bon miia chi mang tinh chdt tuang doi Ha Ngi da nhilu lan trdi qua cac bien doi bat thudng cda hau - thdi tilt Ha Ngi da timg chiu cai gia lanh xudng den 2,7°C ' (2) Thien tai: Dy bao tdi day, tdc dgng ciia biln ddi hau tai Bangkok cbti yeu se la sy gia tang tdn suat va cudng dp ciia cdc su kien cue doan^ Tir ndm 1982 den nam 2010, nhiet dp tmng binh hang ndm d Bangkok da tang len d miic 0,06°C mot nam^ Trong cdc su kien mua ldn da tdng ca vl tan suat va cudng dp, Bangkok cdn bi dnh hudng bdi ban ban mpt nghiem trpng han Ngodi ra, theo mgt bdo edo mdi nhat cua Uy ban Cdi each Qudc gia Thai Lan (NRC) tuyen bd rdng, Bangkok cd the chim dudi nude vong hai thdp ky tdi'" Cdn a Hd Npi, mot s6 tmdng hgp diln hinh ve thien tai gay nen frong giai doan tir 1986 den 2017 CO thi ke den nhu: Tran lij ldn ndm 1986; Trdn lu Ion ndm 1996; Mua ldn nam 2002; Ung «ThaiutsaB,etal(2008) ' Divya Leducq & Helga - Jane Scarwell (2017) * Bangkok Metropolitan Adminstration (BMA) (2018) 'KlongvessaP(2012) Nghien ciiu An Dp vd Chdu A S6 - 2019, tr.49-56 ngap nam 2008 co mua rat to tren dja ban Thanh Ngap iing da lam mat dien bode phdi cat dien de ddm bdo an toan d nhieu tuyen va khu ddn cu, anh hudng den sdn xudt, kinh doanh ciia cac td chirc kinh te, hg gia dinh vd boat dpng binh thudng ciia ca quan, tmdng hpc " (3) Dd dgc vd dung cu gia dung: Co the thay cdc tien nghi sinh boat cua cdc hp ddn d viing thi Bangkok da dugc cdi thien dang ke Ngoai nhtrng tien nghi sinh boat gia dinh nhu: ti vi, hi lanh, may gidt, dilu hoa, dien thoai, mdy vi tinh, xemay thi tyle cdc phuong tien cd nhan nhu xe hai cung lien tuc tang cao nhiing nam gan day Qua so lilu dilu tra ddn so va nhd d ciia Tong cue thdng kl nam 2009 vd nam 2014 cho thay, so vdi nam trudc, tien nghi sinh boat ciia ngudi dan Hd Ndi bien da dugc cdi thien rat nhieu Nhu vay sd lieu thong k& ve ty le hg sir dung xe gdn may nam 2014 cho thay sd lugng xe ca gidi, ddc biet Id md to/xe may tham gia giao thong d Hd Npi tang manh nhung nam gan ddy Ben canh do, ty le sir dung xe d to ciing chilm 5,7% d khu vyc thj'^ (4) Bdo tri vd sira ehira nha a: Tic nhOng nam 1980, phdn ldn cdc tda nha dugc xdy dyng dlu khdng bj gidi han cao nen da sam biln Bangkok trd mgt khu rung thj vdi nhung toa nha choc trdi the hien phong each tuong phan vd xung dot Do sy chenh lech kinh tl nen cung vdi Id nhieu khu o chupt mpc len phd Mgt so lugng ldn khu chudt tap trung gdn cdng Bangkok d'qudn Khlong Toei Tren thuc tl, su chenh lech rdt cao, vd khoang 20% ddn s6 dugc uoc tinh sdng khu djnh cu khu chupt, dugc xac djnh bdi Ca quan qudn ly thj Bangkok'^ '" Limjirakan S, Limsakul A, Sriburi T (2010b), "Ban can sir Dang UBND TP Ha Npi (2018) '^ Nxb Thong tan (2016) '^ National Housing Authority of Thailand (2013) Dd Thj Li6n Van So sdnh ehdt liegng eude sdng Chinh quyen Bangkok da bd tri cac to chirc cong thupc Bg Phiic Igi xa hgi va Phdt trien ngudi (CODl) de hd trg, tao dieu kien cho chuang trinh ndng cap khu chupt qudc gia Baan Mankong ("nhd d an toan"), dugc khdi xudng vdo nam 2003 vol ngudn tai trg cua chinh phu'"^ Ben canh do, chuang trinh Baan Ua-Arthom ('"cham sdc nha d") dugc dua ciing mpt liic, vdi phuang phdp tiep can cung cdp cho chinh phu cac ngdi nha va can hp gia cd phdi chang, nham vao cac nhdm thu nhap trung binh thap nhu cdng nhan Chinh phii'^ O Ha Npi, vao nhting ndm 1960 va 1970, hang loat cdc khu nha tap thi theo kilu Idp ghep xuat hien d nhung khu phd hien rai vdo tinh trang xudng cap nghiem trpng Hon 10 ndm trudc, chinh quyen Thanh da dua chuong trinh cdi tao, nang cdp, xdy mai cdc chung cu cu xudng cdp tren dja ban Thdnh phd Tuy nhi6n, cd rat nhieu vudng mdc sau hon 10 nam trien khai tren todn thdnh phd, chuang trinh gan nhu van diing yen mdi chi cd 14 chung cu cii dugc xdy dyng mdi dua vdo sir dung, chilm chua tdi 1%'^ (5) Sd lugng va quy md nhd d: Hien nay, cd 581 tda nhd chgc trdi cao tren 90 met (300 feet) Bangkok dugc xep hang Id cao thii thi gidi nam 2016 Vdi s6 lugng ngdy cdng tang cao vd toa nhd chgc trdi dugc xay dyng mpt sd khu vyc thuong mai Viec md rpng dien tich cac viing ngoai dugc cua khu vyc Bangkok da khien gid ddt xay dung vd nha d bdt ddt hon nhung ty le hg gia dinh cd xe ca gidi (6 to va xe may) lai tdng cao'' Tai Hd Ngi, tiep tuc trien khai cdc du an xay dyng nha d xa hdi, nha tai djnh cu Kit qud ndm 2016 - 2018 tong dien tich nhd d xdy mdi dat 31,87 trieu m^; do: Nha d xa hpi: 496.665 m^; Nha d tdi djnh cu: 460.314 m^; Nha thuang mai: 8.014.872 m^; Nhd d cho ddn ty xay dyng - da dugc cap phep: 22.898.564 m^ Dien tich binh quan nam 2018 dat 25,86 m^/ngudi (muc tieu den nam 2020 Id 26,3 m-/ngudi)'^ Tinh den giiia nam 2017, cdnh sdt phdng chdy va chtra chdy Ha Npi thong ke dugc 994 tda nha cao tang Nhieu dy dn xdy dyng cdc toa nhd choc frdi (cao tren 100 mnhuKeangnam vaLotte mpc Ign thdi gian qua da dua Hd Npi Igt vdo danh sach nhiing thdnh phd todn cau (world city) Thanh tuu, han che, nguyen nhan va bai hpc kinh nghiem 3.1 Thdnh ttxu Cd the ndi dilu kien tu nhien da tao dieu kien dl Bangkok vd Ha Ngi phdt triln kinh tl xa hpi mgt thdi gian ddi Ciing vdi do, viec thi hda da mang den su tang tmdng va thjnh vugng cho nin kinh tl, doanh nghiep va cac ca nhdn cua hai thdnh phd Bp mat dd thj ngdy cang khang trang, dieu kien song cua ngudi dan cung mgt ndng len Hai thdnh phd ciing thuc hien nhilu Chuang trinh de khac phuc va han ehl viec nhiem khong khi, nguon nude, nude thai vd rdc thai sinh boat cac boat dgng cay nham tang dp phii xanh thj dong thdi cai thien moi trudng, giam bui, giam tilng 6n cho Thanh Trat ty vd vdn minh thj dugc hai thdnh phd quan tdm todn dien ban Cong tac qudn ly trat ty xdy dung, ddt dai co chuyin biln tich cyc Hai phd da thye hien nhilu gidi phai de cai tao, nang cap, phat triln nhilu cdng trinh '* N.Usavagovitwong, A et al (2013) Provincial local govemment (DOLA) (2013) '^ Bangkok Urban Government (2014) '^ UBND Ha Noi (2018) '^ Nhir chij thich s6 12 Nghien Ciiu An Dp vd Chau A Sd 5-2019, tr.49-56 Do Thj Lien Van So sdnh ehdt luang eude sdng tang ky thuat, tdng xa hpi de phuc vu nhdn ddn mpt tot ban Chinh quyln hai cung thuc hien nhieu gidi phdp de khac phuc tinh trang thilu nhd 6, ddc biet Id nha d cho cdc doi tugng thu nhap thap, ngudi di cu, lao dpng cac khu cong nghiep Ngodi ra, Luat phap Thai Lan cho phep ngudi nude ngoai sd hiiu nha chung cu, mac du vdn mpt so trd ngai nhd thong minh (ASCN) nham tao siic manh tdng hgp ldn giiip dua khu vuc c6 nhiing budc tien xa ban Sy hinh thdnh cua ASCN va xu hudng phat friln cdc tbong minh tai Bangkok vd Hd Ngi ddi nhdm dap iing nhu cau thj boa cang tang khu vuc, vdn tao dp luc Idn len co sd tdng, cac bien phap qudn ly va doi phd vdi bien doi bdu cua cung nhu he thdng xir ly rac thai va ve sinh co ban cbo ngudi ddn thdnh pho''- Ben canh do, viec cac quoc gia ASEAN dang hinh mang ludi thdnh ben viing Bang 3.1 Mirc dp hai Idng ve CLCS ciia ngirdi dan Bangkok va Ha Npi ve nhdm chi so mdi trirdug tir nhien, nha or TT Chi so Do dac va dung cu gia dung Bao tri va sua chiia nha cr S6 luong v^ quy m6 nh^ of Khi hau thai tiet Thien tai Nguon: Dieu tra khdo sat de tai ludn dn, ndm Ddi chilu vdo Bdng 3.1 d tren, co the nhan thay, kit qud dilu tra khao sat dya tren thang dilm so tir 1,00 din 5,00 (1,00 dilm la mirc dilm thap nhat, 5,00 la miic dilm cao nhat, tu 3,00 dilm trd len dugc tinh la mirc diem cao Dong bdi dam la dong co so diem thap dudi 2,50; dudi miic tmng binh la chi so So lugng vd quy md nha d Dieu cho thdy, miic dp chua hai long ciia ngudi dan tai phd ve sd lugng vd quy mo nha d tai day Cdc chi so cdn lai dlu co miic dilm tren 2,50 diem, dieu dd cho thay ngudi dan deu cam thay tuang ddi hai long vl cdc chi so nay, mac dii sd diem dat dugc chua phdi la nhiing miic diem cao nhat, g6m cd: Do dac va dung cy gia dung; Bao tri vd siia chira nha d; Khi hau thdi tiet; Thien tai ''Nhu chu thich so 13 Nghien cim An Dp vd Chdu A S6 - 2019, tr.49-56 Bangkok ~; 2.90 2.84 1.37 3.58 HiNOi 3.36 2.88 2.32 2.92 2.57 2.70 2018, Do Thi Lien Van (2019) Nhung chi so ma ngudi dan Bangkok cam thay hai long han so vdi ngudi dan Ha Npi gdm: Khi bdu tiidi tilt (3,58-2,92); Thien tai (2,702,57); Mgt so cbi so ngudi dan Ha Ngi cdm thay hdi long han so vdi ngudi dan Bangkok gdm: Do dac va dung cu gia dung (3,36-2,90); Bao tri va siia chGa nha d (2,88-2,84); So lugng vd quy md nhd d (2,32-1,37) Cd the thay cac so diem cua deu d mirc tuong duong nhau, khong cd khodng each qua ldn 3.2 Han che Ben canh su phat triln vugt bdc ve kinh te cua cd Bangkok va Hd Ngi la nhiing thdch thuc di kem nhu: su qua tdi co sd ba tdng, tgi pham, d nhiem, gid nhd tang cao va cd viec xuong cap nghiem trgng cua cdc dieu kien ty nhien, tang ky thuat nhu: Dd Thj Lien Van So sdnh chdt lugng eupe sdng Thu nhdt, vdn nan nhiem khdng khi, mat nude, chat thdi ngdy cang tang ddi vdi cd hai phd; Su can kiet vd khan hiem ciia mgt sd nguon tdi nguyen vd ndng lugng; Sy mat can bang ve mdi trudng sinh thai da vd dang gay nhilu hau qud nghiem trpng va tac dpng trye tiep din CLCS tai hai thdnh phd Thu hai, sy qua tdi ve co sd tang tap trung qud ddng dan cu d cac khu vuc ngi dd Thieu khdng gian xanh, khdng gian vui choi gidi tri thieu nien theo kjp su phdt trien cua cong nghiep 4.0 Te tham nhung vdt; thii tuc hanh chinh; thai dd, hdnh vi iing xu ciia mgt bp phan can bg cdng chiic, vien chiic vdi nhan dan chua diing mye, gdy khd khdn cho doanh nghiep 3.4 Bdi hgc kinh nghiem Mpt la, phat trien kinh te di ddi vdi phdt triln vdn hda, xa hpi, bdo ve moi trudng va ndng cao CLCS ngudi dan Trdi qua mpt thdi gian dai phdt trien, cd Bangkok vd Ha Npi dlu chi chii y phat trien kinh te v l so lugng ma khdng chii trpng den phdt trien theo chieu sau (chat lugng) Do do, den nay, cdc thdnh dang phdi trd gid cho viec nhiem khdng khi, tieng dn, mat nude, nude ngam, dat dai vdi nhiing van nan dang de dga cuoc song ngudi ddn nhu: thay doi v l thdi tiet, hau, han hdn, lii lut, iing ngap, thieu nude sinh hoat, djeh benh, qua tdi co sd tdng Thu ba, viec thieu nha d, dac biet la nha d ddnh cbo ngudi thu nhap thap va ngudi dan nhap cu tir ndng thdn tdi Nhieu tda nha chung cu qud cu khdng cdn ddm bdo an todn, de dga den tinh mang cua ngudi dan Thu tu, nhtrng bat cap gidi quyet cac van de birc xiic tbi cdn chdm dugc gidi quyet 3.3 Nguyen nhdn Thie nhdt, qud trinh thj hod ludn phat trien trudc vd manh hon tdc phat trien ciia ca sd tdng ky thuat, tang xa bpi tai cdc Thu hai, bien doi bdu ldm cho nhiet dp cua cdc thdnh phd ngdy cang tang cao, thien tai lii lut, ban hdn ngdy cdng nhieu hon Thie ba, cdc chinh sach ve nha d cho ngudi thu nhap thap chua hieu qud Sd lugng cac chung cu cu tien cdi tao, siia chiia cdn cham Thii- tu, gia nha ddt d cac phd luon bi dpi len qua cao so vdi gid trj thye ciia nd Thie ndm, chdt lugng quy hoach thj da khong ddm bdo ndi theo kjp sy phdt trien qua nhanh, qua ndng ciia cac thi Cac dy an cung cap nude sach cdn chdm Con nhilu du an quy hoach treo, cham triln khai Ba la, tang cudng kilm soat va 6n dinh thi trudng bat dgng sdn nhdm nhiet gid nha dat Timg budc dam bdo de da sd ngudi ddn cd the dii dieu kien mua nha sinh song HaNpi can tham khdo kinh nghiem ciia Bangkok viec phdt triln nhd d va tang ky thuat dong bp cac thi ve tinh nhdm thu hut dan cu den sinh song; kinh nghiem vl quan ly, dau tu xay dyng nhieu khu nha d xd hpi cho ngudi dan nhap di cu tir nong thon tdi Thtf sdu, bg may chinh quyen vdn cong kenh, hoat dgng chua hieu qua, chua Bdn la, nang cao y thiic bao ve mdi trudng ciia ngudi dan Ha Ngi cd thi tham khdo kinh Nghien ciiu An Dp vd Chau A S6 - 2019, fr.49-56 Hai la, biln ddi kbi bdu, thiSn tai, han han, bao lu, thdi tiet cue doan tilp tuc dien bien phiic tap Bai hpc dat gia ve chdng ngap lut d dd thi Bangkok Id bdi hpc cdn thilt cho Ha Ngi hien Cdn to chiic nghien ciiu nghiem tuc, nguon goe, dien bien va tdc ddng ciia cdc tran lut da dien de chii dpng xay dyng cdc kjch bdn phdng ngira, ddi phd hieu qud, phii hgp vdi dieu kien ciia Hd Npi 54 Do Thj Lien Van So sdnh chdt luang eude sdng nghiem cua Bangkok ve ndng cao nhan thiic, y thiic ciia ngudi ddn vd td cbiic ve thye hien giii gin ve sinh moi trudng Tang cudng tuyen truyen, kiem tra, gidm sdt vd cd che tai xir phat nghiem khac doi vdi cac hanh vi vi pham Ndm la, nang cao trinh dp ciia dgi ngii can bp lam cong tac xdy dyng vd quan ly thi, tir cdng tdc quy hoach, ke hoach va td chirc thuc hien Chi phe duyet xdy dyng cdc khu thj cd day du co sd tang, dich vu xa hpi, khdng gian xanh, vui choi giai tri Han che tdi miic thdp nhat viec xdy dyng cdc cao dc npi Khan truang thuc hien mo hinh chinh quyen thi va thdng minh de gidi quyet cdc vdn de thj d Hd Ndi hien Ket luan Qua nghien ciru, phdn tich, so sanh thye trang CLCS cua Bangkok va Ha Npi thdng qua nhom chi so moi trudng ty nhien va nha d cua Mercer, cd the dua mpt so kit ludn sau: thir nhdt, mat ddn sd d khu vyc ndi cua Bangkok vd Ha Ngi cang tang cao tbi CLCS phd cang gidm tire la mat dp dan so qud dong se ty le nghjch chieu doi vdi CLCS Viec gia tang dan so ca hgc qua cao ciing la nguyen nhan chinh gdy dp lye ddi vdi cac vdn dl vl tang thj, xa hpi, qudc phong, an ninh va phong chdng chay no ; thie hai bien doi hau Id nhan to tdc dpng gian tilp nhung sdu rpng va dnh hudng Idn din CLCS thi Day la vdn d l mang tinh khu vyc va todn cau can phai co ke hoach vira trudc mat vira lau dai; thie ba, cac chi sd moi trudng tu nhien, nha d la nhting van de cd tac dpng ldn vd lau dai tdi CLCS thi; thir tu, CLCS thdnh phd co tac dgng trdi chieu vdi cac van de ndng, biic xiic ciia thdnh phd; thvr ndm, ndng luc quan ly cua chinh quyen tbj cung Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A Sd - 2019, tr.49-56 nhu y thiic ciia ngudi ddn cang cao (ty le thudn chieu) thi CLCS cdng cao Tai lieu tham khdo The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHO QOL) (1995), Possition paper from the World Health Organization, Social Science & Medicine, 41 (10), pp.13 - 19 Marans, R.W (2012), Quality of Urban Life Studies: An Overview and Implications for Environment - Behaviour Research, Proeedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol 35, pp.9 - 22 Smith, T et al (1997), Quality of an urban community: A framework for understanding the relationship between quality and physical form Landscape and Urban Planning, 39 (2), pp.229-241 UN - Habitat & ACVN (2010), "Vietnam Urban Indicators", in Vietnam Urban Indicators and Urban Management in Vietnam, Ninh Binh, Vietnam Mercer (2015), The Mercer Quality ofLiving Survey MERCER; New York, NY, USA: 2015 Thaiutsa B, et al (2008), Urban green space, street tree and heritage large tree assessment in Bangkok, Thailand, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2008; pp.219-229 Divya Leducq & Helga - Jane Scarwell (2017), The new Hanoi: Opportunities and challenges for future urban development Cities: Fo/72, pp.70-81 Bangkok Metropolitan Adminstration (BMA) (2018), "Bangkok Metropolitan Council", Retrieved 21 April 2018 Klongvessa P (2012), Flood mitigation for local rainfall in Bangkok Noi and Bangkok YA i district uses MIKE 11 model, Master of science, Geological area, science department, Chulalongkom University, 10 Limjirakan S, Limsakul A, Sriburi T (2010b), Trends In temperature and exTreme changEs rainfall in Bangkok Metropolitan, arEA J Environ Res 32(1): 31-48 11 Ban can sy Dang UBND TP Ha Noi (2018), Bdo edo sd 435- BC/BCS ngdy 21/9/2018 vi bdo cao kit qud nam thuc hien Nghj quyit 1155 Dd Thi Lien Vdn So sdnh chdt lugng cupc sdng NQ/TUngdy 31/5/2017 Thanh uy vi "Tdng cudng eong tdc bdo vi mdi trudng tren dja bdn thdnh phd Hd Ndi den ndm 2020 vd nhimg ndm tiip theo" 12 Thdng Tdn (2016), Dieu tra ddn sd vd nhd a giira hy 2014 - Di cu vd thi hoa d Viet Nam, tr 8,9,13,21,34 13 National Housing Authority of Thailand (2013), A housing survey in Thailand, Final report of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Japan Intemational Development Center Inc(2013) H.Bangkok Urban Govemment (2014), Bangkok, htrp://www.bangkok.go.th/rongtook htm, truy cap 11/11/2017 15 Provincial local govemment (DOLA) (2013), The standard for low - income managers, NghiSn ciiu An Dp vd Chdu A Sd - 2019, tr.49-56 report, 2006; Housing Situations in Thailand National House of Thailand (2013), pp.29 - 50 16 UBND thdnh phd Ha Npi (2018), Bdo cao sd 30/BC -UBND ngdy 13/11/2018 vi "Ddnh gid giiea ky thuc hiin Ke hogch phdt trien KT - XH ndm 2016-2020" 17 Do Thi Lien Van (2019), Nghien cieu so sdnh ehdt lugng cupc sdng Bangkok vd Hd Npi qua Bp chi sd cita Mercer, l u ^ an tien si, Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhdn van, Dai hpc QGHN, 2019 18 Banal and Rapine (2009), Rapino Urban theory since a theory of good city form (1981) -A progress review Joumai ofUrbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, (3) (2009), pp.259-276 ... Hd Ndi hien Ket luan Qua nghien ciru, phdn tich, so sanh thye trang CLCS cua Bangkok va Ha Npi thdng qua nhom chi so moi trudng ty nhien va nha d cua Mercer, cd the dua mpt so kit ludn sau: thir... (2,702,57); Mgt so cbi so ngudi dan Ha Ngi cdm thay hdi long han so vdi ngudi dan Bangkok gdm: Do dac va dung cu gia dung (3,36-2,90); Bao tri va siia chGa nha d (2,88-2,84); So lugng vd quy... vao bg chi so Mercer cd the thye thi mpt each hieu qua viec danh gid CLCS Hd Ndi vd Bangkok Tuy nhien, khudn khd cd ban, bdi viet ndy, tac gid chi sii dung ket qud xep hang CLCS ciia Mercer da