Đánh giá sự hài lòng của cán bộ quản lý nhà nước về chính sách trợ giúp xã hội tại tỉnh khánh hòa

Danh gia sir hai long cua can bo quan ly nha nu'd^c \e chfnh sach tro* giiip xa hoi tai tinh Khanh Hoa Le Trung Dao', Nguyen Quyet" '• ^ Tmdng Dai hgc Tdi chinh - Marketing Email: nguyenquyetkl6@gmail.com Nhan 15 thdng 10 ndm 2019 Chdp nhdn ddng ngdy thdng 12 ndm 2019 Tom tit: Bai viet img dgng mo hinh mang noron nhan tgo (ANN) de danh gia sy hai long cua can bp quan ly nha nudc vl chinh sach ug giup xa hgi (TGXH) tgi tinh Khanh Hoa Nghien ciiu dugc sii dgng phucmg phap phdn tich djnh lugng vdi chgn mau thugn tipn, dii lipu dugc thu thgp nam 2019, tir 158 can bg quan ly nha nudc dang cong tac tgi dja ban tinh Khanh Hda Kel qua nghien ciiu chi rdng chinh sach TGXH tai dia phuang dugc danh gia kha tich cyc va co dnh hudng Idn nhat din sy hdi long ciia can bg cong chiic Nguge lai, qudn ly nhd nude xdy dyng chinh sach TGXH la mpt Uong nhung yiu tl chua nhan dupc danh gia cao tir dpi ngu quan \^ Tijr khoa: Mgng noron nhan tao, sy hai Idng, Up giiip xd hpi, Khanh Hda Phan logi nganh: Xa hgi hgc Abstract: This paper uses the model of the artificial neural network (ANN) to assess the satisfaction of govemment officials on social assistance policies in Khanh Hoa province The study used quantitative analysis methods with convenient sampling, and data collected in 2019, from 158 state management officials working in the province The research results indicate that local social assistance policies are evaluated as being positive and having the greatest impact on the satisfaction of civil servants On the contrary, state management in developing the policies is one ofthe factors that have not received high appreciation from the management officials Keywords: Artificial neural network, satisfaction, social assistance, Khanh Hoa Subject classiflcation: Sociology Le Trung Dao, Nguyen Quyet Gidi thipu Chinh sdch cdng ciia mpt qudc gia bao gdra cdc quyet dinh chinh tri de thyc hien cdc chuong trinh nhdra dgt dugc nhung muc tieu xd hpi [6] Theo Nghi quyet 15NQ/TW [1] eho thdy chinh sdch xa hpi bao gim: nhdm chinh sach cho ngudi cd cdng vd an sinh xa hgi TGXH la mot cau phdn ciia an sinh xa hpi, cd try cdt chinh Id TGXH thudng xuyen, chara sdc xa hdi va trp giiip dot xudt Hay cd the hieu, chinh sdch TGXH la mpt bd phfin ciia chinh sdch cong dugc Ddng vd Chinh phii dac bipt quan tdm thye hipn nhdra hien thyc hda myc tieu dan gidu nude ragnh, xa hdi dn dinh, vdn rainh va phdt yien ben viing Cimg vdi rauc tieu chung, Tinh uy vd UBND linh Khdnh Hda, yong nhieu nam qua, da cd nhieu nd lue yong cdng tdc xfiy dyng, thyc thi chinh sdch TGXH tai dia phuang va da gdt hai dugc nhieu qua dang khich le Cy thi ndm 2018, toan tinh Khdnh Hda dd gidm dugc 4.107 hd ngheo {vugt ke hogch de Id gidm 1,2% hp ngheo/ndm) Ket qud rd soat vao cudi nam 2018, tren dia ban tinh cdn hon 15 nghin hd ngheo can phai hudng chinh sach TGXH, chu yeu Id cdc hg cd thdnh vien bi tai nan, nii ro, bpnh tat hiem ngheo, Idra an thua Id Tiep ndi thuc hien nhiing chinh sach mang tinh nhfin van, yong nam 2019, tinh Khdnh Hda tiep tuc trien khai nhieu bien phdp hd hg gidm ngheo, yong dd tang cudng chii d^ng ngudn Iyc lgi cho nhu de an giara ngheo ben viing giai dogn 2018-2020 cua hai huyen miSn rail Khdnh Son va Khanh VTnh, nham giiip cdi thipn ket cau tang, tgo dieu kien cho cdc hp ngheo tiep can ngudn vdn de phat trien san xuat Ben cgnh dd, Hpi ddng nhan dan tinh Khdnh Hda da thdng qua Nghi quyil sd 06 [4] vdi hai chinh sach gidm ngheo ddc thii yen dia bdn tinh: hd yg hg ngheo cd vien Id ngudi ed cdng vdi each mgng va khuyen khich thodt ngheo ben virng Tuy nhien, ben canh nhiing qud dgt dugc, thuc lien dp dung chinh sdch TGXH tai dia phuang van cdn tdn tai rapt sd bat cap, hgn che nhdt dinh, dan den hipu qud cua viee thuc thi ehinh sach TGXH chua di vdo thyc te cudc sdng mdt cdch lodn dien Do dd, quan diem cua tinh Khanh Hda la cfin xfiy dyng rapt chinh sdch TGXH eho thyc tien hon, dam bdo tinh cdng bang rainh bgch, hdi hda lgi ich giiia cdc nhdm ddi tugng gdm; ngudi thy hudng TGXH, cdng ddng tham gia, va Nhd nudc Bai viet tdng quan ly thuyet; phuang phap nghien ciiu; phfin tich, danh gid sy hai ldng cua cdn bd qudn Iy ddi vdi chinh sach TGXH tinh Khdnh Hda Tren co sd dd dua mpt sd giai phdp hodn thien chinh TGXH cho dia phuong Tdng quan ly thuyet Nhu da thdo ludn d yen, chinh sdch TGXH la bp phan ciia chinh sach cdng Id san pham cua hoat ddng quan ly nha nudc Trong dd, can bd quan ly nhd nudc dong vai tro quan ypng Uong qua trinh thuc thi chinh sach cdng vao thyc tien Hp vira la chil thi vira la ddi tugng chiu su ehi phoi ciia chinh sach Id ngudi hieu ro nhal nhiing quan dilm, y nghia nhurng quy dinh cua chinh sdch va cu the hda nhirng quy djnh Nguge Igi, sy thdnh cdng hay that bai ciia rapt chinh sach ciing la rapt kenh phan dnh trinh do, nang Iyc eua can bp qudn Iy nha nudc Do dd, ddnh gia sy hdi Idng cita 119 Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam,: -2020 can bd QLNN ve chinh sach cong ndi chung hay chinh sdch TGXH ndi rieng la mdt khdu quan ypng gdp phfin vao cdng ciia rapt chinh sdch Theo Le Dan [2], de danh gia sy hdi Idng ve mpt chinh sach cdn dya yen nhieu tieu chi nhu thai dp, ydch nhiem, tac phong cua edn bd cdng chiic, CO sd vat chdt va dieu kien hd trg, cdc ndi dung cdng khai cdng vy, thu tuc hdnh chinh vd qui yinh xu ly, thdi gian gidi quyit, le phi, co che giam sat, gdp y Tren quan diem quy Irinh thyc hien cua chinh sdch, Nguyen Hiiu Hai, Le Vdn Hda khdng dinh rdng, ddnh gia sy hai ldng ciia chinh sach can quan tfim tii rauc tieu, dau vdo, qud yinh thuc hien, dau va kel qud dfiu [3] Can cir vdo mpt sd nghien ciiu trudc cimg chu de nhu nghien ciiu cua Mori [10], Branco va Rodrigues [5], Munhurrun va cdng sy [12] vd kit hgp nhihig tinh chat ddc thu ciia chinh sdeh TGXH tgi dia phuang tinh Khanh Hda, rad hinh nghien ciiu dugc de xudl nhu sau (Hinh 1) Quan ly nha nuoc xay dung chinh sach TGXH Chinh sach TGXH tgi dja phuang Chinh sach TGXH doi vdi ngudi thy hudng Dgi ngu can bp lam cong tac TGXH Cpng dong tham gia cac hogt dpng TGXH Hinh I: Mo hinh nghien cim Nguon: Nhom nghien ciru de xuat Phirong phap nghien cihi ] Mo hinh mgng naron nhdn tgo ANN dugc phdt trien dya iheo nguyen ly boat ddng cua bd nao ngudi nhdm gidi quyet nhiing van de cd mdi quan he phiic tgp Trong phan tich mdi quan he giiia biln dpc lap va bien phu thudc, so vdi nhirng phuang phap thdng ke cd dien (phuong 120 phdp hdi quy) thi ANN ddi it gia dinh hon vd neu la quan he tuyen tinh thi kit qua eiia hai phuong phap tuang ty nhau, niu la quan he phi tuyin thi phuong phdp ANN cho kit qua tdi u u h o n [13], [14] Cdu true ciia ANN: ANN chira cac tl bao (noron) dugc td chirc theo dang ldp, cac lap dugc phan chia thdnh dang gdm: ldp ddu vao (1 ldp), ldp dn (nhiiu ldp hogc I Idp) va ldp ddu (I ldp) Le Trung Dao Nguyen Quyet Hinh 2: Cau triic mgng noron Trong dd: 1+ e Ham kich hogt la ham todn hpc cd muc dich Id chuyin doi gid tri bien dau vao cua ANN thdnh kel qud dau ra, cac hdra ndy cd thi Id ham hdng, hdm tuyin tinh hodc ham phi tuyin nhu Logistic (sigmoid), Tanh, Arctan, Softmax Phdn logi ANN: ANN dugc chia ihdnh logi gdm: raang truyen thdng cd nhieu hudng (MLP), raang hdra co sd bdn kinh (RBPN) vd mang noron Kohonen (Kohonen) Trong thyc te thudng sir dung MLP va RBPN, cdn Kohonen it phd bien hon Sy khac biel co bdn ciia MLP vd RBPN la yong ldp ddu vao cua MLP sir dung ham td hgp tuyen tinh (tuang iing, RBPN dimg hdm phi myen ), MLP dimg hdm Sigmoid cac Idp an (RBPN dimg hdm mii hodc ham Softmax) 3.2 Bien nghien ciru Bien phu ihupe ludng sy hdi long ciiacan bp quan ly nha nudc ve chinh sdch TGXH eiia tinh Khanh Hda Bien ddc lap ludng nhurng yeu Id thyc hgng va nhung rao can v l tiip can TGXH (Bang 1) Bang 1: Tom tdt biln nghien ciiu Ky hieu So bien HL bien 2.1 Chinh sach TGXH tai dia phuang Fl bien 2.2 Dpi ngii can bg lam cong tac TGXH F2 bien 2.3 Qudn ly nha nudc Uong xay dyng chinh sach TGXH F3 bien 2.4 Cgng ddng tham gia cac hoai dgng TGXH F4 bien 2.5 Chinh sach TGXH ddi vdi ngudi thy hudng F5 bien Bien nghien cuu Bien phy thupc Sy hai long dli vdi chinh sach TGXH Bien dpc lap Ngudn: Tac gia tdng hgp 121 Khoa hgc \a hpi Vipt Nam, sd I - 2020 Ddi vdi nhiing bien ludng bang thang Likert nghien ciiu da sii dung phuang phdp phdn tieh nhfin td khdng dinh (CFA) de nit trich cdc bien lam co sd xdy dyng ldp ddu \ ao cho Md hinh ANN ehdi lugng dimg cho phdn tich Id 158 phieu (tyle 100%) 3.3 Mdu nghiin cicu 4.1 Phdn tich mo td mdu Dir lieu nghien ciiu dugc ihu thgp dya vdo bdng cau hdi dugc thiet ke sdn vd dugc chia lam phdn: thic nhdt, thu thdp nhung thong tin ve nhan khdu hpc cua ngudi tham gia yd ldi phdng vdn (Chi khao sat cdn bd quan Iy); thic hai, xay dyng cdc bien ludng nhiing thyc Ugng vd rdo can ve tiep can TGXH; fhd ba, khdo sat sy hdi Idng cua ngudi trd Idi ddi vdi chinh sach TGXH Mau dugc thu thdp tai dia bdn Tinh Khanh Hda Uong ndm 2019 Bdng phuang phdp lay mau thuan tipn vdi 158 bdng cfiu hdi dugc giri tdi ngudi ltd Idi, bdng phuang phdp phdng vfin tryc liep Ket qud phan tich so bd cho thay ty Ip phieu dgt Nhu da thdo Iugn d yen, yong nghien ciiu cd khdi niem (constructs) dugc de cap din, gdm: chinh sdch TGXH tai dia phuong, dpi ngii cdn bO lam cdng tac TGXH, quan ly nhd nudc xdy dung ehinh sach TGXH, edng ddng tham gia cdc hogi dpng TGXH, vd ehinh sdch TGXH ddi vdi ngudi thu hudng Phuang phdp CFA dugc ling dung de ludng cdc khai niem ndy Kit qua Bdng cho thay chi sd dp tin cay tdng hgp (CR) xdp xi tir 0,6 din 0.93, he sd X hau het ldn hern 0,5 vd hp sai so chufin tuong doi be (hdu het be hon 1) chirng td rdng cac khdi nipm dugc ludng hgply[Il] Ket qua nghien cun Bang Gia trj trung binh (M), dg Igeh chuan (SD), he so tai (X) BIEN DO LUONG M SD Fl-Chinh sach TGXH tgi dia phucmg: CR = 0.93; tinh phuang sai Uich (AVE) = 0.73278 Chinh sach TGXH d dja phuong rat day dit 4.3484 71708 862 Chi'nh sach TGXH da bao phii den mpi phan, doi tupng can trg giiip tgi dja phuong 4.2968 69482 862 Vigc trien khai cac chinh sach TGXH dugc thyc hien nhanh chong, thugn Igi 4.2645 74796 874 Vigc phli hgp trien khai thuc hign chinh sach TGXH giira cac to chiic khac dugc lien hdnh dong bg, nhip nhang 4.2645 69392 844 Vigc trien khai chi'nh sach TGXH luon dupc cac co quan ding cap phoi hgp nhjp nhang 4.2452 73274 Thli tyc hanh chinh ve TGXH den gian, ro rang va thugn lgi cho doi tugng thg hudng 4.2903 72942 122 Le Trung Dgo, Nguyen Quyel BIEN DO LirdNG M SD X 83953 828 3.7533 1.01622 690 4.1333 90980 ,690 3.1667 90796 403 Can bg ldm cong tac TGXH hai long vdi cong vipc cua minh 3.7867 76489 761 Can bg lam cong tac TGXH cd nhieu ca hgi phat trien kinh te, cai thi^n cugc song gia dinh 3.0867 94077 537 Cdn bg lam cdng tdc TGXH luon dugc cac dong nghiep khac ho trg giup thyc hipn cdng vipc 4.1333 77431 764 Can bg lam cong tac TGXH ludn doi xii cong bang doi vdi nh&ng ngudi dugc hudng TGXH 4.4600 80793 766 Can bg lam cong tac TGXH luon h6 Up va giai thich ro rang cac chinh sach mdi doi vdi ngudi dupc hudng TGXH 4.4600 72935 790 TGXH: CR Nh&ng thay doi chinh sach TGXH dugc bien nhanh ch6ng l(ip thfri F2-D9i ngu can bp lam cong tac TGXH: CR = 0.825; AVE = 0.47195 So lugng can bd lam cong tac TGXH dap umg dugc yeu cau, khoi lupng cong vipc Can bp lam cong tac TGXH dugc dao tgo phii hgp chuyen nganh Chinh sach dai ngp doi vdi can bp lam cong tac TGXH la hgp ly va dap ling dupc nhu cdu cugc song ciia can bg F3-Quan ly nhd AVE = 0.57147 nudc xay dyng chinh sach Vi?c thyc hipn chinh sach TGXH luon dugc cac co quan chiic ndng kiem tra day du 71451 854 Vi?c trien khai thyc hien cac chinh sach TGXH den cac 6\a phuong dugc thuan lgi 69853 780 Cac CO quan cap Uen rdt chu ypng cong tac luyen truyen van dpng va giao due nhgn thiic ve TGXH cho ngudi dan, 73547 831 Ngudi lam cdng tac TGXH d dia phuang dugc tham gia vao viec xay dyng chinh sach TGXH .87063 802 1.12561 698 Co sy tham dy ciia doi tugng thg hudng TGXH vao viec xay dyng chinh sach TGXH d dia phuong 3.7078 F4-C9ng tt6ng tham gia cac hoat dpng TGXH: CR = 0.586; AEV = 0.56430 Cac to chuc ca nhan tham gia hoat dong TGXH luon dugc cac 919 CO quan chuc nang h6 trg dAy du cong tac TGXH Cac to chuc ca nhan tham gia hoat dgng TGXH g dia phuang luon dugc chinh quyen dia phuong tao dieu kien 4.3224 81867 937 123 Khoa hgc xd bgi Vigt Nam, so - 2020 BIEN DO LU'CJNG M SD X Co sd phap ly ddi vdi td chiic ca nhan tham gia hoat dgng TGXH dugc ban hanh day dii va hgp ly 4.0724 83865 819 Cac hoat dgng TGXH ciia cpng dong giiip ich rat nhieu cho cong tac TGXH ciia dja phucmg 4.4539 3.31930 215 Cac hogt dpng TGXH ciia cgng dong giiip ich rdt nhieu cho ngudi dupc hudng TGXH d dja phucmg 4.1974 76374 801 4.5066 89883 533 4.4211 77653 855 Cac to chirc ca nhan tham gia hoat dpng TGXH luon dugc khuyen khich tiep tgc cac boat dgng TGXH tiep theo • Nghe cong tac xd hgi giup i'ch thiet thyc cho boat dgng TGXH tgi dja phucmg F5-Chinh sach TGXH doi vdi ngudi thy hudng: CR = 0.866; AEV = 0.54775 Cac chinh sach TGXH giiip ngudi thy hudng dam bao dupc nhu cau and tli thieu 3.4314 1.02447 809 Cac chinh sach TGXH giiip ngudi thy hudng vugt qua dugc cac bien co bat ngd 3.4444 94513 845 Cac chinh sach TGXH giiip ngudi thu hudng co thi day manh kha ndng ty an sinh 3.4641 95302 850 Cac chinh sach TGXH giup ngudi thy hudng dugc tham gia cac chuong trinh dao tgo, dgy nghe 3.7712 94240 811 Cac chinh sach TGXH giiip ngucri thy hurdng dam bao cac nhu cau ve tinh than (giai tri ) 3.6275 93106 836 Ngudi thy hudng luon dugc cgp nhgt cac chi'nh sdch TGXH mdi 3.9804 86199 555 Ngudi thy hudng dugc ho Irg viec thyc hien cac ho so nh^n TGXH mgt each nhanh chong va kip thdi 4.3595 83991 642 Nguon: Kit qud phdn lich du lifu lit SPSS 25 Mat khdc, phan phdi ciia gid Iri trung binh CO xu hudng lech phai, nghia la ldl cd gid tri Irung binh cua bien ldn hon Vdy CO the ndi ngudi trd Idi ddnh gia kha tich cyc ve nhimg chinh sach TGXH tgi dia phuong, dpi ngu can bp Idm cong tae TGXH, qudn ly nhd nudc xay dyng chinh sdch xd hpi, cpng dong tham gia cdc hogt dpng TGXH vd chinh sach TGXH dli \ di ngudi thu hudng Ket qua ldm Idt irong Hinh cho thdy rdng nhan td F4 dugc ddnh gid cao nhdt, k l din Id nhan i6 F l , F2, F5 vd sau cimg Id nhfin td thir nhdt (F3) 4.2 Ket qud mo hinh ANN Muc dieh cua nghien ciiu Id diing rao hinh ANN de xera xet tac dpng cua thuc ygng va rdo can ve tiip can TGXH din su Le Tmng Dgo, Nguyen Quyet hdi long ciia can bp qudn ly nha nudc Ket qua Bdng cho biet thdng tin ve md hinh ANN Ket qua Bang cho biit, mo hinh ANN cd ldp gdm: ldp dau vdo, I ldp an va ldp dau Trong dd, Idp dfiu vdo chiia 273 nit (noron), tuong irng vdi bien doe lap Ldp dn cd Idp vdi 20 ndt vd ham kieh boat dugc sii dung la dgng ham Hyperbolic tangent Ldp ddu cd hai ndt dugc ma hoa tir tdi (1-rat khdng hai Idng, 5-rat hai ldng) vd dang hdm Sigmoid ddng vai trd Id ham kieh hogt Uong Idp masttEsimmmm -^'^- Hinh 3; Tong gia trj Uung binh ciia moi nhan to Nguon: Kil qua phan tich dir lipu tir SPSS 25 Bang 3: Thong lin mo hinh ANN Lc^ dau Ldp Ldp dau Bien dpc li So No-ron Phuong phap chuan hoa So ldp an So noron ctia ldp an Ham kich hoat Bien phu ihupc So noron Ham kich hogt Ham sai so Chinh sach TGXH tai dia phuong- F] Dgi ngu can bp lam cong tac TGXH-F2 Quan ly nha nudc xay dyng chinh sdch TGXH-F3 Cpng dong tham gia cac hoat dpng TGXH-F^ Chinh sach TGXH doi vdi ngudi thy hudng-F; 273 Standardized 20 Hyperbolic tangent Sy hai long doi vdi chinh sdch TGXH- HL Sigmoid Cross-entropy Nguon: Ket qud xic ly dir li^u tic SPSS 25 125 Khoa hgc xa bgi Viet Nam, sd - 2020 x d m q u a n t r o n e c h u a n hiSa X a m q u a n tiQUg Hinh 4: Tdm quan trgng ciia bien dgc lgp Ngudn: Ket qua xir ly dir lipu tir SPSS 25 Bang 4: Ket qua kiim djnh Chi-square (% ) TT Biln dgc lgp Tam quan trgng Tam quan trgng chuan hoa (%) F, 278 100 Trj so Sig 0.000 Fi 178 64.1 o.ooo" F, 167 60.1 o.ooo" Fl 168 60.4 o.ooo" Fi 210 75.5 0.000" Ddu (*), (**), (***) chi thdng ke cd y nghia mdc 10% 5%, 1% Nguon: Ket qua xir ly dir lipu tir SPSS 25 Kel qua thu dugc lir Md hinh ANN dugc minh hpa tdm tdt Uong Hinh vd Bang Kiem djnh Chi-square (y^) kiem dinh mdi tuong quan giira bien cdc bien dpc lap va bien phy thudc cho thdy tat ca cdc nhfin td deu cd y nghTa thdng ke (vi tri sd Sig nhd hon 0.05).Tir nhirng bang chiing thdng ke ndy cd the khang dinh rdng chinh sdch TGXH tai dia phuong, dpi ngii cdn bd ldm cdng tac TGXH, quan Iy nhd nudc Uong xdy dyng chinh sach TGXH, cdng ddng tham gia cdc hoat dpng TGXH va chinh 126 sach TGXH ddi vdi ngudi thy hudng dnh hudng tdi sy hdi Idng cua can bp quan ly Hay ndi cdch khdc la thyc trgng vd rdo can ve liep can TGXH hien tai dia phuang dnh hudng cd y nghia d i n su hai ldng ciia can bp qudn ly nha nudc Ben canh dd, Hinh minh hpa tdm quan ypng cua cac biln ddc lap cdc biln ndy dnh hudng din biln phu thudc Nghia Id, ldm quan trgng ciia cac nhfin td anh hudng den sy hai ldng ve chinh sach TGXH theo thir ty nhu sau, chmh sdch TGXH tai dia Le Trung Dao, Nguyen Quyet phuong (Fl) ddng vai yd quan ygng vd then chdt nhat, kl tiip Id chinh sdch TGXH ddi vdi ngudi thy hudng (F5), dgi ngu cdn bp lara cdng tdc TGXH (F2), cdng ddng tham gia cac boat dpng TGXH (F4) va sau ciing Id qudn Iy nhd nudc yong xay dung chinh sach TGXH (F3) Ket luan Kit qud nghien ciiu ddnh gid sy hai Idng ve chinh sdch TGXH yen dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa qua gdc nhin tir dpi ngii cdn bd qudn Iy nha nudc, phdn tich bdng md hinh ANN da cho thay y nghia va tdm quan Irpng chinh sdch TGXH lai dia phucmg Tren phuong dien cua nha qudn Iy, chinh sdch TGXH ndi chung va chinh sdch TGXH ddi vdi ngudi thy hudng dugc ddnh gid kha tich cyc nhan dugc su hai ldng rat cao Dieu la mdi minh chiing the hipn su quan tam ciia dang bp, chinh quyen tinh Khanli Hda den ngudi ddn ndi chung vd nhiing ddi tugng yeu the ndi rieng va la mot quyet tdra Idn nham hien ihuc hda, cy the hda nhirng chinh nhan vdn ciia Dang va Nha Nude doi vdi ngudi dan Nguge Iai, nhiing yeu td nhu dpi ngii can bp Iam edng tac TGXH, qudn Iy nha nudc xdy dyng chinh sach xa hpi, cpng ddng tham gia cdc hoat ddng TGXH chua dugc dpi ngii qudn bp qudn ly nha nudc ddnh gia cao Nhiing nhan td chinh la nhirng thuc trang, rao cdn ddi vdi hogt ddng thuc thi chinh sach TGXH tai dia phuang De chinh sach TGXH phat huy hieu qua, di vao thyc te hon, nghien ciru ggi y mpt sd gidi phdp nhu sau: Thu nhdt, doi vdi dpi ngu can bp lam cdng tac TGXH, chinh quyen dia phuang can bo tri dpi ngu chuyen trach cd chuyen mdn nghiep vy de dap iing yeu cdu cdng viec, cd chinh sdeh dai ngg ddi vdi can bd Idm cdng tac TGXH, tuong xiing, hgp ly de hp dap ling dugc nhu cau eo bdn cua cudc sdng Tir dd hg mdi cd ddng Iyc todn tfim ddng gdp vao cdng viec chung, lau dai Thir hai, ddi vdi qudn ly nhd nudc xfiy dung chinh sach TGXH, chinh quyen dia phuong edn chii trpng hon nira cdng tdc tuyen truyen van ddng vd giao due nhdn thirc ve TGXH cho ngudi dan Ben canh dd, chinh quyen nen tgo dieu kien de ngudi lara cdng tac TGXH, doi tugng ihu hudng TGXH dugc thara gia vdo vipc xay dyng cbinh sach TGXH ciia dia phuang nham lira lieng noi chung, dam bdo hdi hda lgi ich ciing nhu trdch nhiera giu'a cae ben lien quan Thu ba, ddi vdi cdng ddng thara gia cdc hoat ddng TGXH, bang nhieu phucmg thiic khac nhau, chinh quyen dia phuang nen khuyen khich, van ddng, tuyen truyen cdc cd nhdn, td chiic tham gia tich cue vao hoat boat ddng TGXH, the hien truyen thong ldl dpp la lanh diim la rach va Irdch nhiem xd hpi eiia mdi cd nhan Id chiic Hdng ndm, chinh quyen nen cd chinh sdch tuyen duong, ghi nhgn tri an nhiing cd nhan Id chuc tham gia ddng gdp vao hoat dpng TGXH the hien sy quan tam, thau hieu chia se cua dja phuang ddi vdi cdc ben Tai lieu tham khao []] Ban Chip hanh Trung irong Dang (2012), Nghj quyil 15-NQ/TW Hpi nghi ldn thu ndm Ban chdp hanh Trung uang khoa XI Mpi so vdn de chinh sdch xahpi giai dogn 2012-2020 Ha Ngi [2] Le Dan (2011), "Phuong dn danh %\k su h^i long vh dich vu hanh chinh cong ciia cong dan 127 Khoa hgc xa hgi Vipt N a m , so - 2020 \ a l6 chirc" Tap chi Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghf [81 Kahn, W A (1992) "To be ftiHy ^ e r e : Dgi hoc Dd Ndng, so (44) Psychological Nguyen Huu Hai, Le Vfin HoA 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