Thông tin tài liệu
MguyenTWnai^Bml^ Tif BI NGHI N G d BEN DUOC YEU THI/ONG: TRAI NGHIEM DIEN DA DAN TOC HOC CONG DONG LANG MIEN BAC VIET NAM DUONG DAl' TS Nguyin Thj Thanh Binh Vien Dan toe hoc Tdm tdt: ldng, xd ndng thdn Viet Nam Id mgt chu de nghiin ciru lan trgng Sic hgc, Ddn tgc hgc vd mgt sd ngdnh khoa hgc xa hgi Nhiiu nghien cicu dd chi rdng, dot sdng kinh ti xd hot cua cdc ldng que Viet, ddc biit Id cdc ldng viing trung du vd chau thd Bde Bg dd trdi qua mdt qud trinh thay ddi lien tuc, lan lao han nua the ky qua Biiu ndy ddt vdn di- lieu phucmg phdp tiip can, dien dd ddn tgc hgc tgi ldng cd cdn phdi diiu chinh cho phu hap vdi boi cdnh mdi Bdi viit ndy niu vdi trdi nghiem ed nhdn thuc hiin diin dd ddi ngdy tgi mdt ldng vimg ehdu tho Bac Bd - nai xdy nhieu su kien tie cdng cugc Ddi mai diin ra, co hiin tuang tranh chdp ddt dai - tu lieu sdn xudt vd tdi sdn quy gid nhdt cua xd hgi nong nghiep Qua do, tdc gid tap trung thda ludn mdt so vdn de vi dien dd ddn tg hgc a cgng ddng ldng xd duang dgi Tu khoa: Diin dd ddn tdc hgc, phuang phdp nghien cicu, ldng xd, chdu thd Bdc Bg Ngdynhdn bdi: 22/8/2019: ngdygiciphdn bien: 27/8/2019: ngdy duyet ddng: 12/10/2019 Mddiu Sinh tai mgt lang que nhd nggai Ha Ndi, tit theo hpc chuyen nganh Dan tgc hgc tai Khca Lich su Tradng Dai hpc Tdng hgp (nay la Tradng Dai hgc Khoa hgc xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi), tdi thudng chgn chii dl lien quan din lang xa lam tieu luan nghien cim khoa hpe sinh vien va khda luan tgt nghiep Luan van thac sy cua tdi sau ciing ve van dl di cu theo mua vu d mdt lang viing chau thd BJc Bd Khi vl cdng tac tai Vien Dan tdc hpc, tdi cd nguyen vgng va dugc phan cdng lam viec tai Phdng Nghien cuu ngudi Viet (nay la Phdng Nghien cim tdc ngudi Viet), noi cd nhilu can bd cd kien thuc, kinh nghiem nghien ciru ve lang xa va cac dl tai nghien cuu cua Phdng dlu tap trang vao van de ngudi Viet va lang viing Bic Bd Nhitng tudng vdi dilu kien thuan loi dd thuc hien de tai luan an tien si ve bien ddi xii hdi d mdt lang que viing chau thd Bic Bd Bai viet dua tren tu lieu tir luan an Tign sT ciia tac gia "t^iliage Spirit: Tiie Searclifor Community and the P Imagination in Vietnam 's Noiliiem Delta", thuc hien tai Dai hoc qu6c gia Uc nam 2010 Tac gia xin chan tl ,^!''^ on Vien Harvard -Yenclung (Hoa Ky) va IChoa Nhan hoc, Dai hgc Quoc gia Uc da tai tro cho nghien cim n '^'™ Tap chi Ddn tdc hgc sd -2019 toi CO thi de dang thuc hien, tilp can dugc ddi tiiong nghien cuu Tuy nhien, thuc tl chii de ma tdi lira chgn nghien cuu lai cd cac vin dl "nhay cam" va nhung thay ddi Idn lao ttong cdng ddng cua chu the dugc nghien cira da dat rit nhilu thach thire budc tdi phai vugt qua Bai viet ttinh bay nhirng ttai nghiem cua ca nhan thuc bien nghien cuu diin da dan tdc hpc ttong mpt thdi gian dai tai mdt lang d ddng bing Bic Bd - noi da timg diin su kien ttanh chap vl dit dai sau Ddi mdi Nghien cuu cho ring, ngoai Unh nhay cam cua vin dl va dja ban nghien citu, nhirng chuyen ddi ttong ddi sdng xa hdi ndng thdn Viet Nam duong dai ddi hdi cac nha dan tgc hgc/nbiin hge ngoai viec ap dung phuang phap "ba citng" can linh boat ban kbi tilp can chii thi nghien cira Dia ban nghien cuu lang chi la diem xuit phat cho viec nghien ciru eiu tnic xa hdi ndng thdn ttong mdt bdi canh rdng Idn hon, hay mdt chit de nghien ciru ma d mang ludi kit noi cua ngudi dan vdi ben ngoai cang rgng md 1, Chu dl nghien cii'u vl lang Khdi dau ttr nhirng nam cudi 1950 vdi nghien ciru cua Eric Wolf vl ndng dan, lang d Java va Mesoamerica (Wolf, 1957), khai niem lang nhu mdt cdng ddng cd ket, mdt ddi tuiTug chung cho su phat trien cdng ddng va bien ddi xa bdi trd nen phd bien ttong cac cude tranh luan hpc thuat d chau A nhitng nam 1960 - 1970 (Kleinen, 1999, 2-3) Viet Nam, cudi nhirng nam 1970, mdt sd nghien cuu vdi quan diem lang nhu mdt cdng ddng cd ket da ttanh luan ve biin chat cua cdng ddng lang va mdi hen quan giira lang vdi each mang trgng cac xa hpi ndng nghiep (Popkin, 1979; Scott 1976) Hai cugc chien tranh d Viet Nam da tbu hdt cac hpc gia ca va ngoai nude quan tam den lang nhu mdt bieu tugng cita tinh than diu tranh chdng ngoai xam (Fitzgerald, 1972; McAlister and Mus, 1970; Nguyen Khac Vien, 1974; Phan Dai Doan, 1992, 1996; Vien Su hpc, 1978; ) Ngay sau Viet Nam tiln hanh cdng cude Ddi mdi nam 1986 va md cua, hdi nhap vdi thi gidi ben ngoai, cac nha nhan hgc nude ngoai diiu tien da den Viet Nam nghien cim ve nhimg vin dl cdn bd ngd vl lang, dupe dat bdi cac hgc gia ditiaidcttongthdi chiln tranh, cung nhu tim hilu sir biln ddi cua lang bli canh mdi (Kleinen, 1999; Luong, 1992) Nhilu hpc gia c6 cac cdng trinh cdng bo tir Viet Nam thuc hien cdng cude Ddi mdi cung khdi diu sir kham pha lang Viet bing viec nghien ciru thuc dja d "mdi lang rieng cua bp" (DiGregorio, 2007; Endres, 2001; Gammeltoft, 1999; Malamey, 1993; Nguyen Van Cbinh, 2000; Tmong Huyen Chi, 2004, ) Nguyen nhan cbinh hp quyit dinb chgn dia ban nhu vay la dl hilu nhirng biln diii xa hgi diln trgng linh vue ndng nghiep va ndng thdn (Kerkvliet and Porter, 1995) Tuy nhien, gin day ehitng ta chung kiln mdt su chuyen hudng cua cac nha nhan hpc hi lang sang cac dia ban mdi nhu thj hay nhirng nhdm xa hdi, nhdm tdn giao bdi dpng nang cua chuyin ddi xa bdi dien d cac td chite xa hdi day mau sac sinh dgng va hip din ban (Endres, 2008; Pham Quynh Phuang, 2009; Taylpr, 2004; ) Nguyin niThanhBinlj d thdi dilm tdi budc vao nganh Dan tdc hpc, eac nghien cuu vl lang van la mpt manh dit tuong ddi "mau md" dl kliam pha Cac nghien ciiu tap ttiing de tim hieu mdi quan he giiia lang va nude, trang uong va dia phuong, hay cac hinh thuc, dgng nang cua xa hot (Malamey and Nguyen Van Sinh, 1998; Nguyen Van Chinh, 2000; Nguyen Van Sun, 2004; Traeng Huyen Chi, 2004) La mdt ngudi theo xu hudng nghien cira nay, tdi quan tam den nhirng van de cdn bd ngd Qua bai giang cua cac thay d trudng dai hgc va qua thao man voi cac nha nghien ciru lau nam d Ha Niii chuyen ve ndng dan va lang xa, tdi nhan thay CO mpt khoang trdng cac nghien ciiu ve ddi sdng chinh tri, xa hgi d ndng thdn duong dai Viet Nam Nhilu hgc gia Phap va Viet Nam (Ggurou, 1936; Vu Quoc Thuc, 1973; Vien Str hgc, 1978; Trin Ttr, 1984; Phan Dai Doan, 1996; ) da cd nhirng nghien cira vl ddi sdng chinh trj thudng d cac lang que ddng bang Bac Bd thdi ky trudc Caeh mang, eiing nhu ly giai CO che van hanh ciia cac su kien dd; song tdi ttt hdi: lieu cac ly giai dd cdn phii hgp vdi hoan canh hien tai? Bdi canh xa hgi mdi cd the dupe hieu qua viec ap dung cac ca che van hanh ddi sdng lang xa tmdc Caeh mang bay khdng? Chu de ttd niin cap thiet htm hien tugng ndng dan d Thai Binh va mdt sd dia phuong khac d Bac Bd phan img lai mdt sd chinh sach dugc thuc hien d dia phutmg, nhu la "mgt su phan hdi ddi vdi nen kinh te tbi tradng" (Kerkvhet, 2003; Kleinen, 1999) Trong bao chi thudng cho riing, dd chi la "su phan img ttr phat ciia ngudi dan bj cac ddi tutmg xau kich ddng", thi nhieu ngudi dan binh thudng cho rang, dirng diu cac phong trao la nhirng cuu chien binh, can bd ve huu, nhirng ngudi cd vai trd anh budng d cac lang que Dien bien ciia cac van de xa hgi, chinh trj d mdt sd lang xa cung vdi nhirng khoang trdng cac nghien ciru vl lang kliien nhilu hgc gia lai tin, ngudi dan ndng thdn BSc Bd thudng citng dung len phan img thee "ttuyln thdng ciia lang xa", mdi quan he vdi nha nude va nhirng ngudi ngoai lang, vi hg nghe theo gidi tinh hoa cua lang nhu tri thiic, can bd nghi huu hay nhung ngudi cd uy tin La mdt nba nghien cim tre, tdi ciing bi nhirng luan dilm tren thuyet phuc va mong muon dupe kilm chimg Tdt den Dai hpe Qudc gia Uc vdi ban de cuong nghien cira sinh ban dau vl vai ttd cua gidi tinh hoa lang xa nhim tim hilu cac gia tri, y nghia va co chi ma nhirng ngudi cd anh hudng d ndng thdn tac ddng tdi cac su kien ddi sdng chinh tn, xa hot hang cua lang Tdi khdng he quan tam den viec cac sir kien dd dugc khdi ngudn tit chinh ngudi dan binh thudng va phan anh mgng mudn cua hp hay khdng Sau nay, khao sat thuc tl tdi mdi nhan ta each tiep can dd khdng phii hop Khi tdi bdi ngudi dan lang "Ai la ngudi uy tin lang?", da phin cau tra Idi la: "khdng bilt"; mdt sd y kiln tta Idi rang cd mdt vai can bg dja phugng hay ngudi cao tudi limg da ning dupe coi la cd uy tin nhung gan day vi ly nao da bi mit uy tin Din din tdi phat hien ed nhimg dng ddng b' ddng hanh nghi din Miu Tir phu d cac lang ben lai cd anh budng din nhilu phu nir d lang tdi nghien cim Ben canh dd, tdi nhan thiy quan he, tuong tac giOa ngudi trons! I' mdi la dieu quan ttgng Phin Idn kit qua nghien eim ciia tdi sau dlu lien quan dl ""^ Tap chiDdn toe hoc sd'5 - 20J9 tuoTig tac giiia nhiing nguai dan binh thuang vai chu khong phai giiia nguoi dan thuang vai nhung nguai co uy tin, Dieu khign toi d6i huang nghign cuu tii gioi tmh hoa sang nghien cuu cgng dong va Inj dong thai cua dai s6ng chinli tri - xa hoi sang cac quan he xa hoi, Toi da de nguai dan lang chi cho toi bigt vg cuoc s6ng cua hg mot each Ur nhien nh^t Dgn day, bai vigt khong trinh bay kgt qua nghign cuu ma chia se trai nghiem cua toi qua trinh nghien cuu thuc dia, tir dat mgt s6 van dg thao luan ve dign da dan toe hgc tai cgng dong lang a chau tho Bac Bp Viet Nam ducmg dai Nhirng trai nghiem nghien ciru thye dia o- lang Theo gia thiet ban dau dat ra, toi danh nhieu thi gia cho viec chgn dia ban nghign cuu la mgt lang a Bac Bg timg dign nhiing su kien cpng dong lang phan ung va d6i thoai vai cac the lue bgn ngoai de xem vai tro ciia giai tinh hoa do, chSng han nhu mpt s6 lang o Bac Ninh - noi cac hgc gia di truac da phat hien nhiing digu thii vi vg qua trinh tai c4u tnic cgng dong lang thong qua viec xay dung lai cac cong hrinh di tich cua lang (DiGregorio, 2007), hay noi dien phan iing ciia nguai dan sau cac nha khoa hgc cong b6 nhiing tu lieu ma hg cho rang khong diing vdi lich su, ban s^c van hoa ciia lang que hg (Ho Tai, 2001), Ngoai ra, toi cung quan tam dgn cac lang da dien nhiing xung dot vai cac lang bgn canh Cuoi cung, toi da chgn mgt lang qug viing chigm trung, each trung tam Ha Ngi chiing hem 60 km Do la lang Lac raa nguon goc tgn ggi ciia no dugc dan lang giai thich rang, truoc day vung dat cua hp co nhieu cay lae mpc um tiim Ngudi dan cac lang xung quanh thudng vi von tinh each eua ngudi lang Lac ciing sac canh nhu nhiing chiec la Vao nam 2008, lang co 1.036 hp, 4.297 khau Ngudi dan lang rat can eu, nang dgng Ngoai nong nghiep, cac hg gia dinh cdn lam nhigu nghe thii edng kgt hap buon ban Quan n-gng han, nai day da timg dign tranh chip vg ddt dai vdi mpt lang ben canh nhirng nam dau thuc hien Ddi mdi Sau chuygn tham tign tram, dugc can bg dia phuang tao dieu kien dg lam viee, tdi quygt dinh chpn lang lam dia ban nghign cuu ma kliong he nhan bao khd khan va thach thiic chd dg'i d phia trude Thdi gian thuc dia ciia tdi dupe tign hanh hi thang nam 2007 tdi cuoi thang nam 2008 Noi mpt each ngSn ggn vg phuang phap nghign ciiu, tdi da nghien ciiu "at home" (tai que huang ban xu), mpt don vi truygn thdng theo each nhin ciia Nhan hgc "bounded unit" (don vi dong kin) (Jackson, 1987) la mot cpng d6ng lang, ap dung cac phuang phap dign hinh cua Nhan hgc la phdng vdn va quan sat tham du Trudc het, gidng nhu cac cgng dang lang khac, lang Lac da bign ddi theo xu hudng md rgng Khi nghign eim thuc dia , toi khdng chi tham gia vao cac hoat dgng, mang ludi xa hgi cua ngudi dan va ngoai lang ma cdn gap gd nhiing ngudi sinh song, lam an d cac noi vg tham lang, hay nhiing ngudi tir ben ngoai vao lang lam an, smh song nhung ed anh hudng tdi ddi sdng cua lang, nhu cac ddng thdy, thdy boi, nha su, nha bao, Do vay, ngoai cac hoat dpng d lang, tdi ciing tdi cac tinh lan can, thdng qua cac chuygn di li, tham jlguylnJ]iiThaiih_Bii^ quan cimg ngudi lang, tham gia vao cac mang ludi xii hpi, tdn giao cua mdt sd nguoi dan a cac lang viing, tham ngudi lang dang lam viec sinh sdng d Ha Ndi, Ho t^bl Mmh, bay don gian la ndi chuyen dien thoai vdi mdt vai ngudi lang dang lam an d chau Au Trudc di dien da, tdi khdng the tudngra'pngcac nha khoa hgc khac lam the nao thuc hien nghien ciiu khdng dua tren cdng ddng cu tni nhu lang (Endres, 2008; Pham Quynh Phuong, 2009; Taylor, 2004) Nhmig rdi viec phai xit ly linli hoat tinh huong ttiue te tien hanh nghien eim dii cho tdi thay khdng nen sp nhihig dia ban nghien cuu vugt qua khdng gian mdt lang Trong thuc te, sdng tai lang Lac cCing cbi la diem xuat phat eho viec nghien ciiu can tnic xa hdi ndng thdn ttong mdt bdi canh rdng Itrn hon Dieu the hien d viec, cd it nhat hai chutmg luan an ctia tdi viet ve nhihig ngudi ben ngoai va nliiing vj khach dac biet cua lang O phan cudi, nghien ciru tham chi cdn chi nhiing nhan dinh khdng edn phu hpp ve lang Tat ca dieu phan anh su thich nghi cua cac nha nhan hpc ddi vdi tinh nang ddng cua dja ban nghien ciru hay su thich img cua phuong phap tmyen thdng vdi ddi hdi mdi Cita thuc tl (Gupta and Ferguson, 1997: 39-40) Mae du dugc nghien ciiu thye dia tai Viet Nam, chinh van hoa va ngdn ngir me de, nhung tdi vin gap vd van klid khan Trade hit, khdng dl dl ed thi xa gia dinh din sdng mpt cdng ddng xa la Du da quen thudc vdi cude sdng d ndng thdn, nhtmg mdi lang lai cd CiSch sdng rieng khiin nha nghien ciru dl cam thiy minh la mdt ngudi xa la (Jackson, 1987) Ngudi dan ndng thdn rit nang ddng va ban rdn nen khdng dl dl tilp can cac thdng tin vien nhu kl hoach Tdi thudng phai sip xIp ljch hen mdt each Imh boat moi Thdng thudng, tdi hen gapttonggid lam viec hanh chmh vdi ngudi gia hay nhirng ngudi lam viec d nha de hp vira kit hgp ban hang, lam nghi thii edng vira ndi chuyen vdi tdi Vdi nhimg ngudi ban rdn, tdi en ging dl gap hg vao nhung gid nghi ngoi Thdi gian diu, tdi cam thay nan Idng, bdi khdng thi tim dupe dl ndi chuyen va khdng bilt phai lam gi d thuc dia Mpt phan vi bjn cdng viec lam an, ngudi dan ndng thdn ngai ndi chuyen vdi ngudi ngoai Mgt phin vi ngudi dan lang bay gid thudng dl nhim nha nghien cim hp gap lin dau vdi cac nhan vien tilp thi, nhihig ngudi din dl lam phiin hp (Nguyin Van Sira, 2007) Cac nha nhan hpc thudng gap phai nhiing khd khiin tren nhung cd thi nhanh chdng vuot qua d lau tren thuc dia va md rdng cac mdt quan he vdi ngudi dan cdng ddng Trong trudng hpp nghien cuu nay, tdi da ttai qua mdt tinh thi khd khan hon, gap phai nhilu thach thuc kbi chgn mdt lang dupe coi la "phire tap", "cd vin dl" Sau tdi mdi hilu la chi cd can bd dja phuong chao ddn tdi din nghien cira, cdn ngudi dan thi khdng Sau sir kien ttanh chap dat dai vdi lang ben canh ban mudi nam trade, ngudi dan lang Lac vin ngai tiln xuc vol gidi nghien cuu, bao cbi Kinh nghiem ttr cau chuyen cu khiin ngudt dan m,hi JN lam nhihig nhfmn dilu 4iS, khdng i,UA„„ tdt *i ddi j j - vdi i.: hp Ngay giu nga tdi see lam ca chj chit nha tdi d nhd liic diu euna h' ngo to Tdi da phdi kien nhin, vugt qua nhimg cam giac bit luc, khdng duoc tin ttr^ ' khdng dugc tdn trpng de "d lai lang" nghien cuu ' * ^^ Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd5 - 2019 Phu nil la nhirng ngudi the hien rp nhit thai dp cita hp ddi vdi su hien dien eua tdi d lang ttong thdi gian dau Trong nhiing rain diu, mgt sd phu nit tti cbdi gap tdi din nha hg Khi tdi ndi chuyen vdi mpt sd nam gidi, cac ba vo cua hp ciing tim each ngan can bing each nhac kheo chdng di lam viec khac Thach thirc len tdi dinh dilm cd mdt pbu nii hong lang tham ehi phan img gay git tdi din gap, ndi chuyen vdi chdng ba - mdt can bd xa nghi huu Su kien tten khien tdi phai xem xet each tilp can kbac, phu hgp hon de "tdn tai dupe d ttong lang" Tdi quyet dinh bit dau bing viec tilp can nhirng ngudi cd thi hilu dugc cdng viec ctia minh tdt ban Tham gia gap gd td tho cua lang ttd mdt quyit djnh sang suit d dd, toi da gap dugc hem 10 ngudi Idn todi lang Hg la nhimg ngudi lang Lac diu tien ton trpng tdi, cdi md vdi tdi Qua hp, tdi dupe gidi thieu din nhilu ngudi khac lang nhiing ngudi hp hang, ban be cua bg Nhd do, tdi mdi dugc tilp ddn va ttd chuyen than thien han Tdi ciing xin phep dugc tham gia va dugc mdi tham du mdt sd nghi le ciia dinh, chiia, cac ddng hp Khdi dau bang viec chup anh, quan sat cac boat ddng nghi ll, thay vi "ddn dao, cham cham" vao viec phdng vin, tdi lam cho dan lang bdt e ngai va bilu ring tdi thuc sir la ngudi dang lam cdng viec nghien cuu Mpi ngudi vui nhan ring, tdi va hp cd citng mdi quan tiim chung ve tam linh va cd chung mem tin, dilu dd da thuc su giup tdi hoa nhap dupe vdi ngudi dan lang Sau ba thang, bang viec chung minh eho dan lang thay riing, tdi chi la mgt ngudi lam nghien ciiu, ngudi thuc sir mudn sdng d lang de tim bieu tat ea eae khia canh cua ddi sdng nong thdn Biing viec tham gia vao cae nghi le, tdi da vugt qua su nghi ngd va giii khoang each ciia dan lang Khi mgi ngudi biet tdi nhieu hem, tdi dii cd the tham gia nhieu ban vao cac hoat ddng chung eua lang nhu hdi hgp, cac dip cudi xin, ma chay cua nhieu gia dinh Vdi timg su kien tham gia, tdi dlu cd ll lat hgae qua bieu, qua mimg - nhu la mdt each quan ttgng de the hien sir tdn trgng, tinh cam ctia tdi ddi vdi dan lang, cac ca nhan va gia dinh ttong lang Nhd dd, tdi da nhan dugc sir chap nhan va tilth cam dap lai ctia ba Ngoai ra, ngudi than ciia tdi ciing ddi lin xudng lang tham va tham gia mdt vai su kien nhu hdi lang Tit hay dam cudi Vdi viec "dua ca gia dinh xudng thuc dia", tdi chimg td thai dp nghiem ttrc ciia minh xay dung quan be vdi ngudi dan lang Sau nay, tdi mdi biet, su xuit hien ciia gia dinh tdi da xda bd nghi ngd cua mdt sd ngudi dan lang ve tdi, nhat la vdi sd it ngudi cd nhimg binh pbim vl nghe nghiep va tu each eiia mdt phu nil ma hp coi la "sudt lang thang d lang ngudi khac" Sau thang cudi d lang Lac la khoang thdi gian hanh phuc nhat ctia tdi qua ttinh thuc dja Tdi da thuc sir dupe ngudi dan lang tin ttidng, tdn ttpng va thuang yeu Cdng viec ctia tdi trd nen dl dang hon Nhilu ngudi dan lang da danh eho tdi nhirng Idi ddng vien, khen ngai Tir mgt ngudi khdng dupe eoi trgng trgng nhiing dau, tdi dan trd nen than thilt han Ngoai tni mdt sd ngudi gpi tdi la tiln si, nhieu ngudi thich gpi tdi la nha bao NguyinThinanhJi^ Khi tdi ndi ring tdi khdng phai nba bao, hp ndi bp bilt nhu vay nhmig thieh gpi tU "cho no oai" Va nhu vay, "Binh nba bao" la biet danh ciia tdi d lang Song, chinh dugc sv tudng linh cam cua da sd ngudi dan lang ma nhihig thang eudi eua qua ttmn thuc dia, ddi tdi bj dat vao tinh tbi la ngudi trung gian, giai quyet khd khan, rac roi c o mdt sl "nhan vat cd man niaf' lang Tinh cam ma tdi cd duge tii' dan lang cung dupe thi hien bing nhilu Idi mdi tdi nha an com, nhilu biia tiec chia tay giiia tdi vdi mdt sd nhdm, hdi va gta dinb lang kbi toi sap rdi thuc dia Td tho cua lang edn tang mdt tap tha cho tdi, dd cd bai ve tdt Du mgc mac song bai tho da khic hga kha rd net phin nao quiing thdi gian dien da ciia tdi a lang cung nhu nhimg tinh cam va mong dgi ma dan lang danh cho tdi Ndi dung bai tha cd nhung can vi von thdi gian diu vl lang nghien ciiu, tinh cam cua tdi va dan lang nhu cay mdi dem trdng, va kbi cbia tay tdi da dupe ngudi dan thuang nhd Thay loi kit Gid day, da ed sir ttudng tbanh nhit djnh tren eon ducmg nghien eim, mdi dgc bai tha dd, tdi nhd din nhtmg diu diln da, co hdi nghien ciru ciia tdi d cdng ddng that mong manh nhu cay non mdi trong; din din cimg cap va "bam re" dugc d lang dl thuc hten cdng viec nghien cuu cita minh Thuc tl cua nhimg thing dten da tai lang Lac cho thiy, chi cd thi sdng mdt thdi gian lau tai lang, xay dung mdi quan he tinh cam vdi ngudi dan ttong lang, tdi mdi cd thi hoan tbanh dugc muc tieu cdng viec dat Tuy nhien, ciing bdi nhirng tinh cam va quan he dd, ngudi dan ludn mong chd d tdi mpt sir ehinh tam, ehinh nghia Nhung nhan xet tren ciia ngudi dan vl qua trinh diln da cua tdi ciing nhac tdi nhd tdi phucmg phap "ba ciing" ma cac thiy dan tde hpc da day cho tdi d Tradng Dai bge Kliga hpc xa hgi va Nhan van: "cimg an, ciing d, citng lam" Ddi vdi tdi, ehuyen nghien cuu dien da la dai nhat, cd y nghia nhat cude ddi nghien cim cua minh Nd khdng chi day tdi hoan thien ky niing nghien ciru ma cdn day tdi phai sdng nhu the nao, ty dieu chinh ban than nhu the nao de dugc chap nhan trgng cdng ddng Gat di nhiing khia canh cam xtic neng tu, trai nghiem dien da dan tgc hgc tren cho thay, bdi canh ddi sdng xa \IQ\ ndng thdn chuyen ddi theo hudng hien dai hda, ngudi diin ttong lang klidng ed nhieu thdi gian nhan rdi va su hieu khach nhu tmdc kia, nha nghien citu can phai linh boat bon sap xep ljch lam viec; thuc hanh viec xay dirng mdi quan he tdt hon de cd the tiep can dugc chu the nghien citu Ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan trcng lang cang gan ket, mg rdng vdi the gidi ben ngoai, ddi hdi nha nghien ctra ludn tam thi chu diing vupt qua gidi ban dia ban nghien cuu d lang Ddi vdi ehii de nghien citu nhay cam ngoai viee thuc hien phuang phap "ba eung" dien da diin tdc hpc, ngudi nghien citu nen luu y tap trang giai thich de ngudi diin hieu rd muc dich nghien citu, vj tri va vai trd cua nha nghien cim trade di sau tim hieu ndi dung nghien cim Cudi citng, cd thi ndi rine Tgp chiDdn tgc hgc sd5 -2019 diln da Dan tpc hpc dai van ludn la giai phap quan trpng dl vugt qua mgi khd khan, thach thiie cua bat cit nghien ciru nao Tai lieu tham khao Truong, Huyen Chi (2004), "Winter Crop and Spring Festival: The Contestations of Local Government in a Red River Delta Commune", trong: Beyond Hanoi: Local Government in Vietnam, NIAS Press Nguyen, Van Chinh (2000), Work without name: Changing Patterns of Children's work in a Northern Vietnamese Village, Ph.D thesis University van Amsterdam Phan Dai Doan (1992), Ldng Viet Nam: mdt sd vdn dekmh texd hdi, Nxb Mui Ca Mau Phan Dai Doan (1996), Qudn ly xd hgi nong Ihon - vdn di vd gidi phdp, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia DiGregorio, Michael (2007), "Things held in common: Memory, space and the reconstitution of community life" Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 38(3), tr 441-465 Endres, Kirsten (2001), "Local Dynamics of Renegotiating Ritual Space in Noithem Vietnam: The Case of the Dinh", SO,JOURN 16(1), tt 70-101 Endres, Kirsten (2008), "Engaging the spirits of the dead: soul-calling rituals and the performative constraetion of efficacy" Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 14, tr 755-773 Gupta, Akhil and James Ferguson (Chii bien, 1997), Discipline and Practice: "The Field' as Site, Method and Location m Anthropology, University of California Press Ho Tai, Hue-Tam (2001), "Manure and Modernity: Villagers and Ethnographers in Dong Ky village", Vietnamese Studies and Annual Meetings of the Associations for Asian Studies Chicago, March 22-25, 2001 10 Jackson, Anthony, (]9S'l), Anthropology at Home, London and New York, Tavistock 11 Kerkvliet, Benedict J (2003), "Authorities and the People: An Analysis of StateSociety Relations in Vietnam", in: Postwar Vietnam: Dynamics of a Transforming Society, Singapore and Rowman & Littleficid Publishers, INC 12 Kleinen, John (1999), Facing the future, reviving the past: a study of social change in a Northern Vietnamese village, Instittite of Southeast Asian Studies 13 Luong, Hy Van (1992), Revolution in the Village: Tradition and Transformation in North Vietnam, 1925-1988, University of Hawaii Press Nguyin Thj ThanhBinli 14 Malamey, Shaun Kmgsley (1993), Ritual and revolution in Viet Nam, The University of Michigan 15 Malamey, Shaun Kingsley, Le Van Sinh (1998), "The Role of Women in the Reconsttnetion of Communal House Rites in the Outskirts of Hanoi", Paper presented at International Conference on Vietnamese Studies, Hanoi 16 McAlister, John T and Paul Mus (1970), The Vietnamese and Their Revolution, Harper Row Publishers 17 Nguyen, Khac Vien (1974), Tradition and Revolution Resource Center in Vietnam, Indochina 18 Popkin, Samuel L (1979), The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam, University of California Press 19 Pham, Quynh Phuong (2009), Hero and Deity: Resurgence of Popular Religion in Vietnam, Mekong Press Tran Hung Dao and the 20 Scott, James (1976), The Moral Economy of the Peasant, Yale University Press 21 Nguyen, Van Suu (2004), Contending Views and Conflicts over Land in the Red River Delta since Decollectivization, Ph.D thesis, Austtalian National University 22 Nguyin Van Sim (2007) "Mau thuin giira nha nude va ngudi dan thu hdi quyen su dung dat d Viet Nam: V i n d l phuang phap nghien eiiu thuc dia", Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc So 3, a 44-56.23 23 Taylor, Philip (2004), Goddess on the rise: pilgrimage Vietnam, University of Hawaii Press and popular religion in 24 Tran Tir (1984), Ca cdu to chirc cua ldng Viet co truyin a Bac bg, Nxb Khoa hge xa hdi Ha Ndi 25 Vien Su hgc (1978), Ndng thdn Viet Ngm lich sir: nghiin cicu xd hgi ndng thdn truyen thdng, tap 2, Nxb Khga hpc xa hdi 26 Vu, Quoe Thuc (1973), L'economie Communaliste du Vietnam (Nin Kinh t l xa thdn Viet Nam), Ed Presse Universitaire, Ha Noi (ban djch thu vien Vien Su hpc) 27 Wolf, Eric R (1957), "Closed Corporate Communities in Mesoamerica" and Java Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 13 (1), tt 1-18 ... tilp can chii thi nghien cira Dia ban nghien cuu lang chi la diem xuit phat cho viec nghien ciru eiu tnic xa hdi ndng thdn ttong mdt bdi canh rdng Idn hon, hay mdt chit de nghien ciru ma d mang... bien ttong cac cude tranh luan hpc thuat d chau A nhitng nam 1960 - 1970 (Kleinen, 1999, 2-3) Viet Nam, cudi nhirng nam 1970, mdt sd nghien cuu vdi quan diem lang nhu mdt cdng ddng cd ket da... hpc, 1978; ) Ngay sau Viet Nam tiln hanh cdng cude Ddi mdi nam 1986 va md cua, hdi nhap vdi thi gidi ben ngoai, cac nha nhan hgc nude ngoai diiu tien da den Viet Nam nghien cim ve nhimg vin dl
Ngày đăng: 02/11/2022, 16:13
Xem thêm:
