Dự án có sự tham gia của cộng đồng và thay đổi đời sống của nhóm xã hội yếu thế ở miền bắc việt nam

Nguyin Diic Chi^n Dlf AN C6 s y THAM GIA CUA CQNG D N G VA THAY D I D ^ I SONG CtJA N H M XA HOI Y^U THlfc MlfeN BAC VlfT NAM* NGUYEN eCfCCHllN Tong quan Dy dn cd sy tham gia cua cOng ding bdi vilt ndy vdi tdn ggi Id Dy dn "Cdc ca che cgng ddng vi^c gidm thieu tdc dgng ctia HIV/AIDS tgi Vi?t Nam" (td dfiy viet tdt Id Du dn) dugc triln khai vdng ndm, Id thdng 10 nfim 2005 din thdng 10 ndm 2009 Day Id dy dn HOi lien hicp phy nft Viet Nam, HOi Ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam, Trudng dai hpc Y Thdi Nguyen, Trung tam nghien cuu trg giup ngudi cao lull, Trung lam phdng chong cdc benh lay truyln qua dudng tinh dye vd HIV/AIDS ddng phdi hgp thuc hien, vdi sy v^n dOng va tdi trg ciia to chdc Ho trg Ngudi cao tuli Qudc tl (HAI) Dy dn dugc trien khai tgi 67 cpng ddng thudc tinh, thdnh phd d midn Bdc Viet Nam, vdi myc dfch cai thien tinh trang sue khoe vd ddi sdng ciia nhdng gia dinh cd ngudi bj dnh hudng bdi AIDS vd gidm nguy CO lay nhiem HIV, tren co sd dd sd tilp lyc md rdng du dn h i trg cdc cOng dpng khde ciia dja phuang vd tren todn qudc Cac hogt dOng chinh ciia du dn lap trung tgi eOng ddng thdng qua md hinh cua dy an Id Cfiu lac bO Ddng cdm Ngudi cao tuli Du dn, cdc cdn bp dia phuong vd cdc vien IhuOc nhdm xd hOi yeu the cdc cpng ding [la phu nft, ngudi cao tuoi (NCT), cd thfin nhdn nhiem HIV/AIDS, hodn canh kinh ll khd khdn] dugc ciing tham gia thilt ke, tryc tilp qudn ly cdc hogt dOng cua dy dn Cdc hogt dOng ciia dy dn tuong doi da dgng: Up hudn, tuydn truyln ndng cao nh^n thdc v^ tdc dOng ciia AIDS dii vdi NCT; chfim sdc va hi trg cho ngudi song chung vdi HIV vi NCT bj anh hudng bdi HIV/AIDS, md hinh cho thdnh vidn cau Igc bO vay von tang thu nh$p cho gia dinh vd tu van vl hoat dOng tdng thu nhap phii hgp; xdy dyng ndng lyc cho cdc CO quan thyc hien dy dn d cdp ca sd vd cac dia phuong triln khai dy an Ket qua xd ly vd phan tfch so lieu djnh tfnh vd dinh lugng ciia dgt ddnh gid culi du dn (thdng ndm 2009)' cho thfiy, dy an dd cd nhtrng lac dOng tfch eye ldm thay ddi co bdn ddi sing ciia nhdm xd hOi yeu the vung dy dn Trong khudn kho bdi viet ndy, tdc gia chi dl cap tdi dnh hudng cua md hinh quj tfn dyng ciia dy dn din thay ddi trang hogt dOng kinh te (thu nh^p, chi lieu) ciia gia dinh nhdm xa hOi ylu the; md hinh tuyen truyln, lap hudn vd sy thay ddi nhdn thuc, hdnh vi cham sdc sue khde ciia nhdm xa hOi ylu thl, cung nhu thay ddi nh$n thdc, thai dp va sy tham gia cda cdc nhdm xa hpi viing dir dn Qua dd cung cdp mOl bdng chung thuc tien ve thdnh cdng ciia Du dn cd tham gia ciia cOng dong, giiip cdc nhd nghien cuu va ' MIU djnh lir(;mg: 3.487 thdnh vien cau lac bg, 100 tinh nguy?n vien cua cau lac bg, 67 Ban Chu nhi^m, " Bai viet d\fa tren ket qua dinh gia cuoi ky Dy in 32 cdn bQ iSnh d^o dia phuong, 200 ngudi bi nhiem VIE 011 t^ gia viet bio cdo B^o cao dupe tfic gii HIV va c6 nguy co cao Mau djnh tinh: cupc thao ho^ thien tai Vi§n Xa h^i hgc vao cuoi thing 8/2009 lu^n nh6ni, 16 phong vdn sau Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd'3 - 2012 phat trien cdng dong cOng nhu gidi qudn l^ hogch djnh chinh sdch d nude la cd cdch nhin vd tilp cfin mdi dii vdi sy phdt triln nhdm ylu the vd cOng ding nghdo hien Dia bdn triln khai dgr dn Cdc dja ban dugc lya chgn da dgng vl dja ly vd ddn tOe Nhu chung tdi dd d§n phfin chii thfch, 67 cOng ddng da dupe chpn de trien khai dy dn Id cac xfi, phudng thudc linh, thdnh phi ciia miln Bdc Viet Nam, gom Ha NOi, Nam Djnb Qudng Ninh vd Thdi Nguydn Ddy Id cdc tinh, phi dgi dien cho cdc vdng cd sd lugng ngudi nhiem HIV cao nhdt d phfa Bdc Viet Nam Cdc hogt ddng dy dn triln khai d cdc cOng ddng ndng thdn vd thdnh thj cd so lugng dang kl ngudi nghidn ma vd gdi mai ddm cung nhu cd so lugng ldn ngudi di eu, qua Igi NCT d nhung noi dang phdi ganh vdc nhimg cdng viec ndng ne: cham sdc cai bj nhiem HIV/AIDS vd nhftng dira chdu m l cdi bd me chdng da chdt vi can benh AIDS Ket qua nghien ciru Mac du vdi sd vdn ddu tu hgn che va thdi gian thuc hien nam, nhung Du an da CO tdc dgng loan dien den cdc mat cua ddi sing xa hpi, dac biet la ddi sdng ciia cdc nhdm xd hOi ylu thl viing du dn Trong dd, thay ddi kiln thdc, thai dp vd hdnh vi ciia cOng ddng vd xd hpi lien quan ddn HIV/AIDS va vdn dl NCT va HIV/AIDS; cai thien tinh trang sdc khoe vd dilu kien thu nhdp cho NCT vd thfin nhfin cda hg, dac biet Id nhdm phu nft cao tudi ngheo; gidm thilu cdc nguy co Idy nbidm HIV, tidm chich ma tu^ cOng ddng; mdi trudng song vd dilu kien chdm sdc sdc khoe (td day vilt tdt Id CSSK) cdng ddng dugc cdi thidn; tdng cudng sy luong thdn tuang di ho trg lln gifta cdc thdnh vien cOng ddng; cdc vdn bdn, lugt phdp chfnh sdch cua Ddng vd Nhd nude dugc qudn triet, phi biln tit hon din ngudi ddn vd cdc nhdm dii tugng Ndng lyc va uy tfn ciia cdn bO xd phudng vd cdc dodn the lien quan tdng len ddng kl Dudi ddy chiing tdi se ldn lugt trinh bdy tdc dOng ciia du an den nhdm xa hOi ylu thl viing dy an 3.1 Mo hinh tfn dung vi md vd hi$u qud dSi vdi thu nhap vd chi tiiu cua hg gia dinh Trudc cd Dy dn, da so NCT cd thfin nhdn Id ngudi nhilm HIV vd nhdm nguy CO cao thuOc nhdm gia dinh ngheo cOng ddng Phdn Idn sd dd chua the tilp can cdc djch vu vay von ciia cac ngan hang nhu Ngan hang chfnh sdch xd hOi, Ngan hdng Ndng nghiep vd Phat trien ndng thdn khdng cd tdi san thl chdp Vi vay, mgt nhung myc tidu ciia Du dn Id triln khai boat ddng vay vdn nhdm giiip NCT, vien cau lac bd (TVCLB) tilp can vdi vdn vay tin dung vl md ca nhan ho|c vdn vay theo nhdm phdt triln sdn xudt, tdng thu nhap, cdi thien dieu kien sdng cho gia dinh vd tilp can cac djch vy xa hOi Kit qua khdo sat ddnh gia cull dy an cho thdy phdn ldn TVCLB ddng cdm cho bilt da dupe tilp can vdi djch vy vay vdn tu cac td chdc khdc d dia phuang Cy thl, cd 2.267 (chilm 65%) TVCLB mau phdng vdn thda nhdn dugc vay vdn td nhilu ngudn khac Trong do, 2.121 (93,6%) vidn vay Id cau Igc bd ddng cdm, 444 ngudi (chilm 19,6%) vay td HOi Phu nft, 227 ngudi (chiem 12,2%) vay td ngan hdng, 53 ngudi (chilm 2,3%) vay tii cac hdi, dodn till khde, 27 ngudi (chilm 1,2%) Nguyin Ddc Chijn vay td HOi Ngudi cao tuoi, 10 ngudi (chilm 0,4%) vay tu nhdn Bdn cgnh vi^c giiip cdc TVCLB tilp cfin nguIn vIn vay."cdn bO Dy dn cdn hudng din cfiu Igc bO (CLB) l l chdc cdc hogt dOng tfip hudn/chia sd kinh nghipm nhdm tdng thu nhdp vd ndng cao ndng lye phdt Iriln sdn xudt cho cdc tiidnh vidn dugc vay vIn Vi v^y, Dy dn da thu hiit dugc sy tham gia nhiOt Unh ciia cdc TVCLB v l tdp hudn, hudng ddn chia sd kinh nghiOm cd 3.294 (ehilm 94,5%) thdnh vien trd Idi cd tham gia, chi cd mpt sl ft khdng tham gia (2,8%) vd mpt s l khde khdng nhd (2,6%) Vl tgp hudn, gidi thidu md hinh tfn dyng tiet kiem (von vay, co che vay, hodn trd lai, gdi till kiem ): cd 3.332 (chilm 95,6%) TVCLB cho bill cd tham gia hogl ddng ndy, chi cd 2,0% thdnh vidn khdng tham gia, 2,2% thdnh vien khdng nhd 3.1.1 Thu nhdp cda hg gia dinh Sau cdc cudc tdp hudn vda neu tren Dy dn cung rdt quan tdm den viec cdc TVCLB sd dung von vay nhu thd ndo Kdt qud khdo sat cho thdy nhung ngudi dugc vay vdn sd dung tiln dugc vay vao nhilu muc dich khac nhau: kmh doanh, buon bdn nhd (1.202 ngudi - chilm 53%); chdn nudi [hon 1/3 (37,5%) long sd thdng tfn vidn]; phdt hien hdng dgt (319 ngudi - 14,1%); sdn xudt hdng thii cdng (80 ngudi - 3,5%); myc dich khac (231 ngudi - 10,2%) Ddy Id mOt kit qua rfil dang miJng vi hdu hit TVCLB dS sd dyng ngudn vdn dung muc dich vd dat dugc myc tieu c u a p y dn la tap trung vdo cdc hogt dpng phdt triln kinh tl nhdm tgo viec ldm vd ndng cao thu nhdp cho hd gia dinh Viec su dyng vdn vay vao cdc hogl dOng phdt triln sdn xudt cd hieu qud kinh tl nhu thl ndo? Kit qud ddnh gia cudi ky cho thdy hdu hit (96,2%) thdnh vien vay von cua CLB cho bilt khodn vay dd gitip tdng thu nh^p, chi cdn mpt ty 10 rat nhd (2,9%) cho bilt khdng tfing thu nh§p, vd 0,1% trd Idi thu nh$p gifim di so vdi trudc Nhu v$y, nhln chung v6n vay dfi cd hiOu qud dii vdi dgi bO ph$n nhftng ngudi dugc vay vIn, giiip hg tdng thu nh^p vfi cdi thiOn kinh tl hO MOt s l ft hO khdng phdt huy dugc hi^u qud nguIn vIn vay chu ylu Id khodn vay ft (94% thdng tfn vien thda nh§n), dau hr khdng dung myc dfch (31,3%) djch bOnh vd thidn tai (22,4%) khdng bilt cdch ldm dn (20,9%), vd ly khdc (20,9%) Cd thl ndi, thdnh cdng cua Quy tin dyng vi md ciia Dy dn Id ben cgnh viOc giiip cdc thdnh vien tiep c|in nguIn vIn vay, Dy dn cdn tap hudn, hudng din, chia se kinh nghiOm ve cac hogl dOng tdng thu nh|p nhdm nfing cao ndng luc phdt triln sdn xudt cho cdc thdnh vien dugc vay vdn Dilu ki?n vay vd quy chi hoan trd vIn vd tra Idi ciia quy tfn dyng dy dn cd nhilu uu the xd hpi hon cdc dieu khodn tuong dng ciia cdc ngan hdng nha nude Chfnh nhQug uu thl ndy dS gdp phfin vdo thdnh cdng ciia hogt dOng vay vdn Day la md hinh vay von cd hiOu qud, phdn ldn TVCLB vay von dugc phdng van dlu biet dp dung kiln thuc td cdc khda l|p hudn vd phdt trien kinh t l gia dinh Md hinh tin dyng vi md ndy cfin phd biln rOng cho cdc dy dn vd cOng ddng khdc tham khdo Tuy nhien, khdo sdt cung cho thdy mOt sd hO sd dyng von sai myc dich, mire quy djnh so lidn vay cua Du dn van cdn hgn che, vgy dfi anh hudng khdng nhd den hiOu qud cua Dy dn 1.2 Thay ddi ca cdu chi tieu cm hg gia dinh Khi mdc thu nh§p cda hO gia dinh TVCLB dugc nfing cao hiOu qud ciia sii Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd'3 - 2012 dyng vdn vay phdt triln san xudt kinh doanh, tat ylu dan din nhung thay doi ca cdu va hdnh vi chi tieu Vdy hidn hO gia dinh TVCLB cd hanh vi chi tidu nhu thl ndo? Kit qud khdo sat cuoi dy dn cho thdy CO cau va hanh vi chi tieu ciia gia dinh TVCLB rdt da dgng: mua luong thyc, thyc phdm (94,8% thdng tin vien thda nhdn); chdm sdc sdc khod, mua thuoc (91,5%); hgc hanh cua cdc vien gia dinh (38,3%); quy chung cua gia dinh (53,9%); dfiu tu san xudt, kinh doanh (34%); mua sam cdc tdi sdn, vdt dyng gia dinh (23,9%) Co cfiu vd ty le chi tieu cho cdc khodn da thay doi vd nang len han nhieu so vdi thdi dilm khdo sdt co bdn ban ddu ciia dy an: co cau chi lieu ciia gia dinh chu yeu chi cho hoat dOng an udng, cdc khodn chi khdc khdng dang ke Nhu vay, vide sd dung ngudn thu nhdp vao cac hoat ddng chi tieu cua cac TVCLB da nang muc chi cho vide an udng, tiep can tdt ban vdi cdc dich vu xa hpi nhu thudc thang CSSK va hgc hdnh Day cung chfnh Id mpt nhimg muc dich ma Du an mudn dgt den Cd the khdng dinh la hieu qua ciia sd dung vdn vay din tang thu nhap da tryc tilp tac dOng den co cdu va hdnh vl chi lieu ciia hp gia dinh thdnh vien cau lac bd ddng cam Dilu ddng quan tdm Id viec cai thidn thu nhdp da giiip gia dinh TVCLB tilp can cdc dich vu xa hOi tdt han N I U trudc Dy an, thu nhap thdp nen boat dpng chi tieu ciia hO gia dinh cho cac khodn hdu nhu khdng cd gi Nhung ngudn von vay ciia Du an dugc chuydn den CLB , thu nhdp ciia hd gia dinh TVCLB tang Idn va ca cdu chi tidu ciia hg ciing thay ddi theo hudng tich eye, dap dng niyc tieu Du an de 3.2 Md hinh tdp hudn vd su thay ddi hdnh vi chdm sdc sivckhoi Tai cdc viing Dy dn, ngudi cao tuoi cd thfin nhdn Id ddi tugng nhilm HIV, nhdm nguy CO cao thudng cd tinh trang sdc khod khdng tit Dy dn da giiip ngudi cao tuli vd thfin nhfin ciia hp cdi tiiidn tinh trang sdc khod thdng qua vl^c tiep cfin nhilu ban vdi dich vu CSSK tai nhd vd tgi tam y tl Dy dn cdng CLB dd t l chdc cdc hoat dOng tuydn huyIn, tap hudn, ndi chuydn ve kj ndng CSSK tai nhd, ky nSng phdng trdnh Idy nhiem HIV cho cdc TVCLB Ket qud khdo sdt culi dy dn cho thay: ve tdp hudn, cd 3.472 TVCLB cho bilt da dugc tap hudn hoSc nghe noi chuyen vl HIV/AIDS CLB to chdc v l ty CSSK cho bdn than, CSSK tai nha: cd 3.458 TVCLB cho bilt dugc CLB truyln thdng hoac nghe ndi chuydn vl ty CSSK cho ban thdn, CSSK tai nha (phdng trdnh cdc benh thudng gap, chi dp dinh duong ) v l tu vdn CSSK thdng qua CLB,' cd 3.038 (chiem 87,1%) thdnh vien cho bilt da dugc tu vdn CSSK sau kham, 11,4% dugc tu van tai nha, 1,1% khdng co nhu cau, va chi cd 0,3% khdng dugc tu van Kdt qud khdo sat cung cho thdy trung binh so ldn tham gia khdm chfta benh ciia TVCLB la 3,53 lan; mOt ty le rdt cao TVCLB cho bilt thudng xuyen lap thl due 2.297 ngudi (65,9%), thinh thoang tgp 917 ngudi (26,3%), vd khdng bao gid tap 257 ngudi (7,4%) Xu ly kit qua bang hdi danh cho nhdm tinh nguyen vien ngodi CLB cung cho thdy cd 90% ngudi cho biet cd tham gia tap hudn, co 69% dugc tap hudn nOi dung vd ky nang CSSK tai nhd Cd thl ndi, hogt dpng tfip hudn, tuydn huydn vl ky nang CSSK tgi nhd cho cdc Nguyin Ddc Chiin TVCLB vd tinh nguyln vien dd cd tdc dpng mgnh din kiln thdc vd hdnh vi ciia thdnh vien vd ngodi CLB dii vdi viOc CSSK Dieu ndy dugc phdn dnh rat rd ve vipc ddnh gid chi bdo ndy trudc vd sau dy dn Khi hdi kiln thuc dng/bd hi^n vl ty CSSK tai nhd vd ty phdng trdnh HIV/AIDS nhu thl ndo so vdi trudc tham gia CLB kit qud cd 2.888 ngudi (chilm 82,8%) tra Idi tot hon nhilu, 14,6% trd Idi tot hon mpt chut, vd chi cd 2,2% ird Idi van nhu trudc Doi vdi phdn ldn cdc thdnh vien Id ngudi cao tuli bj dnh hudng bdi HIV, ddy Id mOt tdc dpng rdt Idn Ve ky nfing thyc hdnh ty CSSK tgi nhd cua cdc TVCLB: cd 3.177 ngudi (chilm 91,1%) cho bilt hipn da thyc hdnh ty CSSK tai nhd Ve tinh trgng sdc khod 12 thdng qua; cd 9,7% tdt ban trudc nhilu, 28.8% tdt ban trudc chiit it 39,4% van nhu trudc vd chi cd 19,4% kem hon, 2,7% rdt kem 3.3 Mo hinh tuyen truyen, tham hdi vd su ndng cao nhan thuc cua cgng dong ve vdn di NCT vd HIV/AIDS duac ndng cao Tgi cdc cOng dong thudc dy dn, phdn ldn NCT cd thdn nhdn nhiem HIV vd nguy CO cao cd hinh dp hgc vdn thdp vd thidu kien thuc vl phdng trdnh Idy nhiem HIV Nhdm giiip NCT, nhuTig ngudi phy thuOc vdo hg vd cOng ddng, ddc biet la nhdm nguy co cao, dugc gidm cac nguy co Idy nhiem HIV, Du an da td chdc cdc hogt dOng tuyen truyen, van dOng nhdm ndng cao nhan thdc cho cOng dong Khdo sat cudi du dn cho thay hogt dOng da cd tdc dOng dang kl din nhdn thdc cua thdnh vien tham gia CLB ddng cdm Cd 3.469 (chilm 99,5%) thdnh vien mau khdo sat hd Idi cd bill thdng tin vl HIV, hong dd cd 3.463 ngudi (99,3%) bilt thdng tin HIV qua CLB ding cdm Vl kiln thdc phdng trdnh HIV/AIDS; cd 3.451 ngudi (99%) khdng diing chung bom kim tiem, 3.418 ngudi (chilm 98%) cho bilt sd dyng bao cao su dOng cdch quan hO tinh dye, 3.249 (93,2%) cd vg vd chIng sing chung thuy, 2.679 (76,8%) phy nft mang thai bj nhilm HIV sd dyng thulc khdng vi-nit, 2,3% tuyOt doi khdng chgm vdo cdc v^t cua ngudi nhilm HIV I,l%khdngdlbi muoidlt Xd \-y kit qud phdng van 201 dii tugng nhilm HIV vd nguy co cao cung cho thdy cd 197 ngudi (98%) trd Idi cd bilt thdng tin vl HIV Vl kiln thdc phdng trdnh HIV/AIDS, cd 179 ngudi (89,1%) cho bill sd dyng bao cao su diing cdch quan he tinh due, 167 ngudi (83,1%) cho bilt khdng diing chung bom klm tiem, 63 ngudi (31,3%) cho bill cd vg vd chong song chung thuy, khdng cd dii tugng ndo cho biet kiln thirc phdng trdnh Id khdng bdt tay, dpng vdo co thl ngudi nhiem HIV, khdng de muoi dot Kit qud phdng vdn nhdm Ifinh dgo dja phucmg cung cho thdy cd 96,9% so ngudi trd Idi cho bilt ngudi cao tudi vd CLB cd ddng gdp viec ndng cao nhgn thuc ciia cpng dong vl cdch phdng trdnh lay nhiem HIV 3.4 Gidm doi tugrng nghidn hut cgng ddng Khdng chi ndng cao kiln thuc cho eOng dong, d§c bipt Id ngudi cao tuli vd thfin nhdn cua hg hong vipc phdng trdnh Idy nhiem HIV, md cdc hogt dOng tuydn truyen cda Dy an cdn tdc dOng gidn tiep vdo viec kilm che vd gidm so dii tugng nghipn hiit cOng ding Cdc tiidng tin phdng van dugc trfch din dudi ddy s6 cho thdy rd hon vl van dl ndy Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd3 - 2012 Hgp Gidm ddi tuong nghiOn hiit td cd Dy dn - Tft CLB ding cdm NCT di vao hogt ddng thi sl nghidn hiit trfin dja bdn gidm hdn vd khdng phat sinh doi tugng nghidn mdi (Nam, thao lugn nhdm Ban chii nhi?m CLB phu6ng Quang Trung, Thai NguySn) - Trong ndm qua dja phuong khong c6 dii tupng nghidn ma mdi S6 nguW nghiOn vd sl ngudi di xet nghiem HIV nhilu han Da c6 sy tliay dii nhgn thdc hdnh vi (Nam, Phd chii tjch phuang Phan Dinh Phiing, Thdi Nguyen) - Do lam tot cong tdc tuySn truyln day nen nhieu chdu nghidn da cai nghidn tgi nhd, ho$c tai trung tam Cai dupe ve nha tu chi ldm dn kinh tl cong (Nft thdo lu$n nhdm Ban chii nhiOm CLB phudng Quang Trung, Thdi Nguyen) 3.5 Gidm ky thi gia dinh vd cgng dong, tdng tinh co kitxd hdi Thdi dO kj thj ddi vdi ngudi nhilm HIV d gia dinh va cOng ddng Id vdn dl ndi cOm tai cdc dia ban trudc Du an dugc hidn khai d nhftng dja ban thi dilm Vi vay mdt nhftng muc tidu ciia Dy an Id cdc hogt ddng cua Dy an se gdp phdn gidm thilu vd tidn tdi xda bd vdn ngn pban biet doi xu/ky thj doi vdi nhung ngudi nhiem HIV d cac dja phuang Dy dn hogt ddng Vgy sau bin ndm hien khai Dy an van dd phdn bidt ddi xd/ky thj tiln triln nhu thl nao? Kit qua khdo sat cudi ky cho thdy da sd (92,7%) TVCLB cho rdng td sau CLB ddng cdm thdnh lap den mdc dO phdn biet ddi xd/ky thj d dja phuang ddi vdi nhung ngudi bj nhiem HIV vd gia dinh hg gidm nhilu, chi cdn sd ft (6,1%) vien tra Idi gidm ft, 0,4% cho rdng van nhu horde, vd 0,1% cho rdng tang it Kit qua xd ly phdng vdn nhdm nhiem HIV vd nguy CO cao tilp tuc minh chdng vl xu hudng suy gidm ky thj ddi vdi ngudi nhiem HIV hong cOng ddng hiln khai dy an: gidm nhieu (44,8% ngudi dugc hdi), gidm ft (19,9%), vdn nhu trudc (23,4%), vd tang ft (3%) v l muc ky thi doi vdi ngudi nhilm HIV gia dinh: Khi hdi gia dinh anb/chj, mpi ngudi doi xd nhu thl ndo dii vdi ngudi nhiem HIV, chiing tdi thu dugc kit qua sau; quan he binh thudng (78,6%), sdn sdng chia se (14,4%), khdng quan he hodc ban che quan he vdi ngudi nhiem HIV (khodng 1%) Nhu vay, cdc boat dOng cQa Dy an vd CLB da cd tac ddng dang kd vipc gidm ngn phan bidt ddi xd/kj thj ddi vdi ngudi nhilm HIV tai cac dja phuong triln khai Dy dn Vdi kit qua chung ta cd thl khdng djnh Id Dy an dd dat dugc cdc kdt qud mong dgi ban ddu Dilu dang quan tfim Id tu viec gidm phdn biet ddi xd/ky thj dd cd tdc ddng ddng kd ddn sy dodn kit vd an ninh trai ty cac cdng dong hudng Igi td Du an 3.6 Tinh than NCT du(fc cdi thien Kit qud nghidn cihi djnh tfnh (phdng vdn sdu va thdo luan nhdm) cho thdy viec Dy dn hiln khai mgnh hogt dOng tuydn truyln, thdm hdi dOng vien cdc vidn va ngodi CLB da tdc dOng din ddi sdng tinh thdn cda NCT cd than nhdn Id ddi tupng nhiem HIV, nguy ca cao Nguyin Ddc Chi^n Hgp Tinh thdn phy nft cao tuli dugc cdi IhiOn Tham gia vdo CLB rdt vui! Ban ddu minh muln gdn hp nhung hp khdng muln gan minh Bay gid ngudi ta rdt gdn minh vd thdn thi§n CLB dd dem Igi tinh thdn cho cdc gia (finh (NO 67 tuli cdn bO nghi huu, trai nghi§n ma tuy- CLB phudng Trung Vuong, Thdi Nguygn) - Hdng xdm xung quanh xa Idnh khdng ndi chuyOn Ldc ndo cQng khdc chi bilt khdc dl gidi tod noi buin vd bdt hgnh cuOc ddi minh phdi chju Td tham gia CLB, dupe gfip chj em ciing cdnh ngO, chia sc vui buln tham hdi dpng vi6n tinh thdn; bdy gid rat vui, khdng c6n khdc nfta (Nft, 61 tuoi cdn bO nghi huu, kinh te nghfio chIng vd trai nghidn, CLB phudng VTnh Tuy, Hd NOi) Cac hogt dOng thdm hoi gifta cdc thdnh vi£n, thdm quan du Ijch dd tgo cuOc sing cd nhdn vui tuoi, ygu ddi vd Igc quan vl cuOc song (NO, 57 tuoi, CLB phudng Cao Thdng, Qudng Ninh) - Tdng sy chia sc, thfin m^t han Moi ngudi is mOt khu khdng bilt Khi tham gia sinh hogt biet nhau, chia sd vudng mSc vd gdn gQi hon (Thdo ludn nhdm Ban chii nhi^m CLB, nO 64 tuoi trai nghidn ma tu^, phudng VTnh Tuy, Hd NOi) Thdng tin trdn cho thdy cdc hogt dOng tuydn truyen, giao luu, ddc biet Id hogt dOng thdm hdi ciia CLB ddi vdi cac vien da cd dnh hudng rdt ldn din viec cdi thien ddi sdng tam iy tinh thfin ciia phu nft cao tudi Nhdng thay ddi gitip hg In djnh lam ly vd ty tin hon cugc sdng Day cd the dugc xem Id ket qua ngodi mong dgi ciia du an dat ban ddu 3.7 B6 sung kinh t^hi$m nudi dgy cdi Tham gia cdc hogt dOng cda CLB ddng cdm, phy nft khdng chf dugc cdi thlpn tinh thfin md bg cdn dugc bo sung them nhilu kinh nghiem bo fch vl chdm sdc vd dgy bdo cdi thdng qua cdc co hOi tilp xdc vd trao ddi vdi cdc thdnh vien CLB Cdc din chdng phdng van sau se phdn dnh rd han ve dilu ndy Hop Chia se kinh nghiem nudi dgy gifta cdc TVCLB - Tir vao CLB, tinh than phdn chdn, ty tin hon, chj em chia se buln vui Minh cd them hieu biet ve cac bgnh xa hOi, each phong trdnh va cu xd vdi cdi kiem che, tam ly hon, khong mdc cam Trudc day mjnh nong tinh, quat thdo Bdy gid minh hilu bilt tdm ly Bilt cdch ling xu dl "song chung vdi lu" (NO, 64 tuoi, trai nghidn ma vd mdt ndm 2008, CLB phudng VTnh Tuy Ha Npi) - Tham gia CLB tdi dupe hudng rdt nhilu, dm dau thi cung hdi thSm nhau, giao luu trao ddi each cu xu vdi cai Nhan thuc cua ngudi xung quanh, cpng ding cung co nhieu thi?n cam vdi minh Nhilu ngudi xung quanh thdy minh dang cd vdn dl gi thi hp din bao Chinh vi v|y, minh phdi noi thgt khdng nen che ddu vl thyc te ciia minh (NO, 55 tuli, trai nghiOn dang ty cai tgi nha, CLB phudng Phan Dinh Phiing, Thai NguySn) - Vao CLB minh chia se kinh nghi?m dgy bao con, minh bi.et luc nao cung, luc nao mim (NO, 55 tudi, trai nghidn dang tu cai tgi nhd, CLB phudng Cao Thdng, Quang Ninh) Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd3 - 2012 Cdc thdng tin hen tilp tyc cho thdy nhftng Igi ich md CLB dem Igi cho cdc thdnh vien tiiam gia CLB ddng cdm Nhftng thdnh vidn CLB, ddc biet Id phy nft cd thdn nhdn nhilm HIV hodc nguy co cao tham gia giao luu, chia sd kinh nghiOm thyc tl ve nudi dgy cdi Dfiy cd thl dugc xem la nhftng ket qua rdt tdt cua CLB Ket qud se gdp phfin ndng cao kiln thdc CSSK cung nhu gidm thilu nguy ca Ifiy nhilm, nghiOn vd tdi nghien hong eOng ding 3.8 Ndng cao hiiu biit ve chfnh sdch xd hdi vd cdc quyin klidc MOl hogt dOng rat quan trgng ciia Dy dn Id td chdc ede buoi tap hudn/ndi chuydn ve cdc van dd lien quan den quyen Igi cua nhdm xd hOi ylu thl cpng dOng, nhu quyen ciia NCT, quyen cua phy nu, quydn cua ngudi nhilm HIV/AIDS Cac bull lap hufin/noi chuyen dd thu hut ddng ddo vien hong CLB tham dy Tap hudn, nghe ndi chuyen vl gidi: cd 3.284 ngudi dugc phdng vdn (94,2%) trd Idi cd tham gia, 38 ngudi (1,1%) khdng tham gia, vd 152 ngudi (4,4%) khdng nhd T|ip hudn, nghe ndi chuyen vl quyln ciia NCT: 3.332 ngudi (95,6%) cd tham gia, 52 ngudi (1,5%) khdng tham gia, va 97 ngudi (2,8%) khdng nhd Tap hudn, nghe ndi chuyen vd quyln ciia ngudi nhiem HIV; cd 3.278 ngudi dugc hdi (94%) cho bilt cd tham gia, 90 ngudi (2,6%) khdng tham gia, va 112 ngudi (3,2%) khdng nhd Tap hudn, nghe ndi chuyen vl quyln phy nft: CO 2.911 ngudi (chilm 83,5%) cho bill cd tiiam gia, 205 ngudi (5,9%) khdng tham gia, vd 343 ngudi (9,8%) khdng nhd Tap hudn, nghe ndi chuyen vd cdc quyln khac; cd L640 ngudi (47%) cho bill cd tham gia, 602 ngudi (17,3%) khdng tham gia, vd 1.124 ngudi (32,2%) khdng nhd Tdp hudn, 49 nghe ndi chuypn vd cdc vdn dl ciia NCT (linh binh ciia NCT, ddc diem ciia NCT, ludt phdp, chfnh sdch lidn quan ) cd 3.357 ngudi (96,3%) cho biet cd tiiam gia, 44 ngudi (1,3%) khdng tham gia, vd 63 ngudi (1,8%) khdng nhd Nhu vdy, kit qud khdo sdl cho thdy cdc buoi tdp hudn, nghe ndi chuyen vl cdc chii dl lien quan den quyln cua nhdm xd hdi ylu thl da thu hiit sy quan tdm vd tham gia ddng ddo ciia thdnh vidn CLB Ddy cd thl dugc xem Id hogt dOng rat bl fch vd thill thyc doi vdi TVCLB Dilu quan trgng ban Id sy kien ndy chdc chdn sd tdc ddng den nhgn thdc vd hilu bilt ve chfnh sdch xa hOi ciia cdc TVCLB 3.9 Tdng cudng sir tham gia cua cdc nitdm xd hgi va sir cd kit cdng dong Thilt kl du an khdng chi cd sy tham gia cua ddi tugng hudng Igi dy an ma cdn cd sy tham gia ciia dgi dien chfnh quydn, ban ngdnh dodn thl, qudn chung (tinh nguyen vien) d dia phuong vao cac boat ddng cua Dy dn nhu tuydn truyln, thfim hdi, tham gia sinh boat va tu vdn vl qudn ly CLB Khi hdi nhdm can bO lanh dgo cdc dia phuong hudng Igi dy dn vl su tham gia ciia hg vao cdc hogt dOng dy dn thdi gian qua nhu thl ndo? Kdt qua cho thdy nhung hoat ddng cua hg nbu sau; tgo dilu kidn cho CLB hogt dOng (81,3%); ho trg ky thuat, chuyen mdn (53,1%); ho trg liln (21,9%); ho trg khac (53,1%) Cdc hoat dOng cQa Dy dn ma hp tham gia chii ylu Id cac hogt ddng ciia CLB (84,4%), hong dd: tuydn huyIn (56,3%), lu vdn (53,1%), thdm hdi dOng vidn (50%), dy sinh boat CLB (43,8%), chi dao va cho f kiln (28,1%), t^p hudn (12,5%), tim ngudn tai trg (3,1%), boat ddng khdc (25%) Nguyin Ddc Chi^n Bdng theo ddi cdc nguIn lyc cdc CLB vdn dOng dugc cua Dy fin cho thdy Dy dn da thdnh cdng vi^c ndng cao ndng lye v§n dOng nguIn lyc cho cdc Ihdnh vidn Ban chii nhipm Rdt nhilu nguon lyc, bdng lien vd hien vai cdc cdn bO Ban chii nhiOm CLB v§n dOng td cdc doanh nghidp, cdc nhd hdo ldm, nhd chiia, cdc hogl dOng tdng thu nhdp chung cua CLB Tfnh din thdng ndm 2009, 67 cfiu Igc bO ciia Dy dn da v^n dOng dugc s6 tiln Id 787.909.834 dong vd mOt sl lugng ldn cdc hien v^t khdc nhdm ho trg cho cdc TVCLB vd gia dinh hp cung nhu cdc thdnh vidn khdc cOng dong Nhu vdy, ngodi nguIn tien cua Dy dn, cdc CLB da trd thdnh cdc cdnh lay noi ddi ciia Dy dn dl vuon din cdc thdnh phdn khdc hong xa hpi, tgo sy chia se, cdm thdng, giiip dd Ifin nhau, vd su gdn ket, tuong thdn tuong hong cOng ddng Tham gia ciia tinh nguydn viin Cdc tinh nguyOn vidn ciia dja phuang tham gia vdo CLB ding cdm vi nhilu nguydn nhfin khdc nhau: muon giiip dd ngudi khdc (96%), dugc ngudi khdc dl nghj (64%), ldm cho vui (22%) vd ly khdc (0,4%) Cd nhilu hogt dOng tinh nguyOn khdc Trong s l 100 tinh nguyOn vien tgi dja phuong thuOc dy dn dugc phdng vdn, hogl dOng tinh nguyOn vidn tham gia nhilu nhdt Id tuyen truyln v$n dOng (86,9%), tilp din Id tu vdn - 77,0%, hd chuyOn, gidp dd viOc nhd - 59%, CSSK - 51%, ddo tgo tap hudn bode trg giup - 31%, viec khdc - 8% Kit qud phdng vdn sdu vd thdo luan nhdm trfch dan dudi day sd cho thdy rd hon vl sy tham gia cua chfnh quyen va ban ngdnh vdo cdc hogt dOng ciia dy dn Hop Sy tham gia ciia chinh quyln vd ban ngdnh vdo boat dgng cua dy dn NO, 56 tuoi trai dang nghiOn ma tuy, cai tgi nha, kinh tl trung binh, CLB phudng VTnh Tuy, Ha Npi Sau d\f dn Trudc dif dn - Hp chia se, quan tam, thdng cam vdi - Cong dong va chinh quyen ddng ngoai cupc, khong quan tam den doi tupng, gia dinh, chung tdi - Trudc day chua c6 CLB thi ban ngdnh - Bdy gid thi khdc rli Cbinh quyln ban khdng den; hp mfic cam vdi minh ngdnh hilu biet han va thdng cdm vdi hoan cdnh gia dinh minh ^^^ Tham gia cua Ban nganh dodn the - Nhihig hogt dpng ciia Dy an khong chi tdc dOng din ngudi ddn md cdn tdc dOng mgnh mg den nhgn thdc ciia chinh quyen d day Cy the Id chinh quyen cd trdch nhiOm hem vdi doi tupng HIV, dpng vien thdm hoi (NO, 49 tudi, thao Iu§n nhdm CLB So 5, Thdi Nguydn) - Nhftng nfim ddu chinh quyln thd o khdng dl $ quan tfim din CLB Chiing tdi ddu tranh mfii va each dfiy ndm chinh quy^n phudng da thay doi n h ^ thdc quan dilm va dua CLB vdo danh sdch cac tl chdc xa hOi ciia phudng HiOn chiing toi dugc tham gia bpp giao ban, dupe binh xet thi dua Gdn day nhdt dng Chu nhiOm CLB dupe Phudng cho di nghi mdt d Tudn Chau Tom Igi, chinh quyln dfi thay ddi each nhin (NO, thdo ludn nhdm Ban chii nhiOm CLB phucmg Quang Trung, Thai Nguyen) Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd'3 - 2012 Nhu vay, nhung ddn chdng vd phdn tich tren cho thdy Dy fin dd thu hut sy tham gia ciia cdc nhdm xd hOi, dac bift Id su quan tam cua chinh quyen, ban ngdnh dodn the vd nhdm tinh nguydn vien vdo cdc boat dOng cda Dy dn va CLB ddng cdm Sy tham gia cua hg dd gdp phdn khdng nhd vdo sy thdnh cdng cua Dy dn Tuy nhidn, mdc dp tham gia cua hg cdn ban chi nhdng tinh nguyen vien Id cfin bO ban ngdnh dodn the tham gia kiem nhipm nhieu viec cua phudng xd, thilu thdi gian vd d§n din thyc hidn chua tdt chuc ndng nhiem vy Tinh nguyen vien cua CLB ddng cdm phfin Idn mdi chi gom nhthig doi tugng kinh tl khd khdn Doi tugng kinh t l khd gid thi chua tham gia Do do, cfin phdi da dgng hda hinh thdc tham gia cho mgi ddi tugng xa hgi Mpt vdi ket luan Nhihig dfin chdng vfi phan lich trdn da cho thfiy rdt rd nhihig tdc dgng cua Du dn ddn thay ddi ddi sdng cua nhdm xa hOi ydu thl d cdc dja phuang vung Dy dn Cy thl la thay doi hogt dOng kinh tl, CSSK the chdt, tinh thdn ciia nhdm xd hOi ylu the, sy thay ddi nhdn thdc, thdi vd sy tham gia cda cdc nhdm xd hdi khac cOng ddng vdo cfic vdn dl lien quan den ddi sdng cua nhdm xa hdi yeu thd tgi cdc dja phucmg Du dn triln khai v l boat dgng kinh tl, thdng qua md hinh qu>^ tfn dyng vi md vd cac boat dOng tu van vl vay vdn dd giup nhdm xd hOi yeu the (d day la phy nft, NCT cd thdn nhfin bj nhiem HIV/AIDS) tilp cdn nguon vdn vay, thay ddi phuong thuc sdn xudt kinh doanh de td ndng cao ngudn thu nhap, ehl tieu vd cdi thien cuOc sdng cda hd gia dinh Hogt dOng lap hudn, tuydn truyln ve CSSK ciia Dy dn vd CLB dd giiip nhdm xa hOi ylu thl thay doi nhgn thdc, kiln thdc CSSK cho bdn thfin vd gia dinh Dilu quan trgng ban Id thdng qua hogt dOng ndy cung da gdp phdn cdi thidn sdc khde thl lyc vd tinh thdn cua thdnh vien, gia dinh nhdm xa hOi -yeu thl d cdc cOng ding hudng Igi dy dn Hon the, cung thdng qua tuydn truyln cdc van bdn, ludt phdp chinh sdch ciia Ddng vd Nhd nude dugc qudn triet, phi bidn tot ban din ngudi ddn vd cdc nhdm xa hOi thidt thdi d dja phuong Mpt sy chuyin bien quan hgng khdc cung cdn phdi nhdc den Id sy thay ddi nhan thdc, thdi dp, quan tdm va sy tham gia cua cfic nhdm xd hdi khac cdng ding vdo cdc vfin de lidn quan ddn ddi sdng cua nhdm xd hgi ylu thd Q day can nhdn mgnh din sy quan tfim va tham gia ciia cdc cdp chfnh quyln, ddc bidt Id cbinh quyen ban ngdnh dodn thd cap ca sd da tham gia vdo cac boat ddng thdm hdi, tu van, ho trg cho cdc hogt dOng ciia Du dn ma nhdm xd hOi ylu thd dugc hudng Igi Dilu ndy gdp phdn tang cudng Cling cd sy tuong thfin tuong di, dodn kit vd hd trg Ifin gifta cdc nhdm xd hOi cpng ddng Cd thd ndi, cdc hogt dOng cua du dn cd sy tham gia cua cpng ddng khdng chi dem Igi nhung Igi ich trudc mfit ma cdn mang Igi nhilu kit qud thilt tiiyc Idu dai cho cdc nhdm xd hOi hong cdc eOng ddng hudng Igi dy an, ddc biet la nhdm ydu the Cdc boat dOng sd va tilp tuc phdt huy bleu qua tgi cac dja phuang hudng Igi dy dn cho du du an da kit thiic va khdng cdn nguIn tai trg Md hinh Du an cd thl dugc md rdng, nhfin rdng cdc dja phucmg, viing midn tren phgm vi cd nude 52 Nguyin Ddc Chiim Kit qud nghien cdu ndy dugc xem Id bdng chdng sing dOng vl thdnh cdng cua Dy dn cd tham gia cua cOng ding viOc cdi thiOn cuOc sing cdc nhdm ylu thl cOng ding hien ndy Nd cQng dugc xem Id cdch tilp e§n mdi vdi kel qud rat ddng luu