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lAiCHltm.-niiitgsm NANG CAO SI;GAN BOCUANGUfGFI LAODONG TAI CAC DOANH NGHIEP NHO VA VlTA LlNHVl/CCONGNGHrEPTiNHTRAVINH N G U Y I N T H A N H TRUNG, Bbi THjTHUY Biing phdangphdp tha thgp ddlieu sd cdp 230 ngddi lao dgng dang Idm viic tgi doanh nghiip nbi va vda linh vdc cong nghiep trin dia bdn huyen (Cdu Ngang, Tra Cu, Chdu Thdnh, Cdng Long, Via Cdn, Duyen Hdi) vd TP Trd Vinh, thong gua phddng phdp hoi guy da biin, nhdm tde gid cia nghiin cdu da tint ddgc cd yeu tdtdc dgng den sdgdn bo cua ngddi lao dgng vdi doanh nghiep gom: guan he dong nghiep, ngddi Idnh dgo, ddc diem cdng viic, chinh sdch ddi ngd, van boa to didc, vd moi tnfdng Idm viec Tif cdc kit gud nghien cifu tren, nhdm tdcgid dexudt cdc hamy diinh sdch dendng caa sdgdn bo cua ngifdi lao dgng tgi cdc doanh nghiep nho va vda linb vdc cdng nghiip Til khda: Ngddi lao dgng, sggan bd, 5Mf5, hdi quy da bien tinh Trd Vmh Gi6i t h i e u IMPROVING THE CONNECTION OF WORKERS AT SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN TRA VINH PROVINCE Theo bao cao eua Aon Hewitt (2012), ngubi lao INDUSTRIAL SECTOR dbng (NLD) la mbt p h a n quan trpng doi vbi Nguyen Thanh Trung, Bui Thi Thuy ! moi doanh nghiep (DN) va s u gan bb a i a NLD la yeu By the method of primary data collection of to q u a n p h a n anh siie manh ben va su 230 employees working in small and medium- phat tril'n ben viing eua DN sized enterprises in industry in districts (Cau So l i | u thong ke eiia tinh Tra Vinh cho thay, tinh Ngang, Tra Cu, Chau Thanh, Cang Long den 31/12/2019, h i n dia ban Tinh, cb 2.469 DN, Tieu Can, Duyen Hai ) and Tra Vinh city, so DN d a n g hogt dbng san xuat kinh doanh la through the multivariate regression method, 1.971 DN (so DN lai tinh trang: da dang ky the authors of this study have found that there n b u n g d i u a dau tu, chua di vao san xuat kinh doanh; are 6factors affecting employee's attachment to DN d a n g dau tu ehua di vao san xuat kinh doanh; the enterprise, including: co-worker relations, DN tam n g u n g hoat dbng dl' d'au tu", dl' sira chira; leaders , job characteristics, remuneration DN tam n g u n g boat dbng ebb giai thC ebb pha san), policies, organizational culture, and woricing db tren 98% la DN nho va vira dang hogt dpng environment From the research results, the (1.935 DN) So DN cbng nghiep nhb va vira nam 2019 authors propose policy implications to enhance chiem ty rat thap (9,92%) tb'ng so DN nho employee engagement in small and medium- va vira ciia toan Tinh (DN cbng ngbiep nhb va vira la sized enterprises in the industrial sector 192 DN), Key words: Workers, engagement SMEs, multivariate regression, Tra Vinhprovmce p h a t tril'n DN cbn cham, chua dat ke hoach; Siic ^ Thye te cbo thay, trin dia ban tinh Tra Vinh, vi|c cgnh tranh ciia cae DN nho, sieu nhb ebn thap; DN eb von dau tu nube ngoai it So DN hoat dpng nganh cbng nghiep chiem ty le nho khb khan h'ong Ugaynhgn bai: 177472020 Ugay hoan thien bien tap: 47S72020 1:117572020 v i | c tiep can ngubn von, m b rbng tbi trubng, nguon eung cap n g u y i n lieu dia p h u o n g manh miin, tbieu on dinh, khb kiem soat chat lupng dau vao, thieu ky nang quan ly Thuc te db eang dat yiu cau c'an BANG : T N G HtJP MO HINH NGH[EN C(SU CUA TAC GIA sn Kyhifu ^ Kyvongdiu Mgu6n Bien phu thuoc Y SugSnbociiaNLO Meyer vS Allen (1997),"TrSn Klrti Dung (2005); Meyer and Allen, 1997 XI fiat diem cdng vile K Singh, 2004; Gearge C Homans, 1958; Smith vi c6ng sir (l 969), I r a n Kim Dung (2005) X2 VaniioatDciliic Howard S Becker, 1960; Biii Thj Minh Thu va Le Nguyen Doan Khoi (2014) X3 CllfnilScidldaingd Xi Moi tnrcmg lam vile K Singh, 2004,TranKim Dung v a Van My Ly (2006) X5 Quan he dSng ngliiep Maslow, Abraham H., 1943; Smith, Kendall va Hulin (1969) X6 Cff lioi hpc tap X7 Ngtidi Lanh dao Bien doc lap , , Pinder, C C (1998); Smith v i cong sif (1969), TrSn K i m D u n g (2005); Hu^nh Thanh Tu (2015) Mitchell,T.R,Terrence R., Cummings (1997); Cheng va Chew (2004); Boeve (2007) Weiss vh dong n g h i f p (1967); Mowday, 1982; Nguon Tonghi^tU BANG 2: KET QUA P H A N T I C H H | QUY OA BltN Coefficientsa He so chua chuan hoa He 50 chuan Mo hinh Thong ke cdng tuyen Mii'c y nghia t HSng so B Bo ledi chuan -227 ,263 '^ Hesd phong dai cAa bi^n phiAmgsailflF -.865 ,048 ,735 4,526 VANHOATOCHUC ,115 ,059 098 1,950 720 DAINGO ,133 ,056 ,135 2,360 554_^ DACDIEMCV ~^ Bete f)d chip nhan ~ _ ,728 _ _ 374 388 ^_ J^M" MOITRUONG ,083 ,045 ,091 1,840 731 1,368 DONGNGHIEP ,297 | ,055 "•-••{^^9l 5,418 ,625 1398 COHOIHOaAP ,007 ,043 ,008 ,165 ,844 1,185 NGUOIUNHDAO ,269 ,062 ,271 4,335 ,463 2,161 Chu thich: (Bien phu thuoc Sugan bd Mdc y nghia: *** , ' : Idn lugt nhdn mdey nghia 99%: 9S%, 90%) Nguon: Tong iiap ttr (ret qui ngliifn alu cia ldc gii n a n g cao su gan bb ciia ngubi lao dbng tai eac D N nhb vien to ehiic ia: Su phii h p p giiia ea n h a n va to va vira linh vue cbng n g h i i p ehiic; Luong, thubng va su' cbng nhan; H u a n l u y | n va LUcfckhSotai lieu s u phat trilh nghe nghiep, Quan h | Iao d p n g va Mbi trubng Iam viec Trong db, s u g i n b b la n h a n to trung C h e n g va C h e w (2004) da n g h i i n c u u s u a n h gian giua mbi quan he nay, cb nghia la s u gan b b eiia h u b n g cua cac hoat dbng quan ly nguon nhan luc doi nhan v i l n mbt to chiie eiing bi tac dpng bbi vbi viee tri n h a n vien nong cot cua eac to chiie b nhan to dupc neu tren Australia Tae gia da ehi rang su gan b b vbi to chiic Tran Kim D u n g va Morris (2005) n g h i i n c u u s u bao gbm yeu to tac dpng: (1) Su phu h p p gitra eae ca gan ket vbi tb chiie va s u thba m a n cbng viee Nghien nhan va to chiic; (2) Lucnig, t h u a n g va eong nhan; (3) ciiu ke thiia thang a i a Smith (1969) va dieu chinh H u a n luypn, phat trien nghe nghiep; (4) C P hoi thach thang a i a M o w d a y va cpng su (1979) vao cae dieu thiic; (5) H a n h vi lanh dao; (6) Quan he lao dbng; (7) kien va boi eanh b V i | t Nam, db p h a n Van h b a va cau tnic cbng ty; (8) Mbi trubng lam viee " d o n g n h a t " db'i "Ibng tu hao, yeu m e n to va (9) Truyen thbng Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay, ehiic" Ket qua nghien eiiu chi phan ciia cb yi'u tac d p n g d e n y dinh nghi viec a i a nhan s v gan ket vbi to chiie bi anh h u b n g bbi khia canh I^tnoa man cong v TALCHfNH i thba man cong viec cua n h a n vien n h u : Cbng vi|c, tra n h a n to dupe dua vao mb hinh nghien ciru luong, dong nghiep, giam sat va thang tien N h u vay, sau thuc hien ehay hoi quy va kil'm dinh cac gia thiet thong k l , eb tiie nit mb hinh hoi quy eb eac bien eb h | so chuan hoa n h u sau: Y = 0,225*K1+0,098*X2 +0,135*)(3 + 0,09rX4 + 0,29FXS 4- 0,271 *X6 Tran BCim Dung va Van My Ly (2006) d a n h gia anh hubng ciia quan tri n g u o n n h a n lire den ket qua hoat dgng cua DN nho va vira tai TP H o Chi Minh Nghien niu k^ thiia thang o i a Singh (2004) cho thay, moi quanhl chat che giiia dao tao, danh gia nhan vien, dai (Su gan bb = 0,225*Dae diem cbng viee + 0,098* Van ngp luong thubng, ca hpi thang hen vbi ket qua hpat hoa to chiie + 0,135* Chinh sach dai ngp + 0,091*Mbi dpng ciia DN Vi vay, DN ean dau tu cho dao tao va trubng lam vi|c + 0,291*Dbng nghiep + 0,271 *Lanh d^o), che dp dai ngp, ca hpi thang tien, tao ep ehe lam vipe Ket qua phan tieh cae h | so hoi quy the hien rang, linh hp^t, chu dbng dl' thu hiit va giu nhan vien gibi cae n h a n to doe lap eb tac dpng den su gan bb ciia PhUdng phap nghian cihi NLD Trong bien d u a vao mo hinh nghien ciiu, cb bien tac dpng cb y nghia thong ke den su gan bb eiia Phupng phap nghien ciiu d u o e thuc h i | n thbng NLD miie y nghia 99%, sai so 1%, Dae diem ebng qua thu thap so lieu bang each p h b n g van true tiep v i | c tac dpng deh Su gan bo b miic p = 0,225; Chinh 220 NLD tai eae DN n h b va vira linh v u e cong nghiep sach dai ngp tac dbng den Su gan bb m u e p = 0,135; thong qua bang cau hbi da d u p c thiet ke san Nhbm Dbng nghiep tae dbng den Sy gSn bb b miic p = 0,291 tae gia sir dung bb cbng cu thong ke m o ta, kie'm dinh va Lanh dao tae dbng den Su gan bb miic p = 0,271 dp tin eay eiia thang bang kiem dinh Cronbach's O miie y nghia 95%, sai sb 5%, Van hba tb chiic tae Alpha, phan tich n h a n to k h a m p h a b a n g p h u a n g dpng den Su gan bb a miie p = 0,098 O miie y nghia phap xoay nhan to (EFA), ket qua xoay nit trich cac 90%, sai so 10%, Moi trubng lam viec tae dpng den Su nhom nhan tb dii dieu k i l n de tien h a n h phan h'eh hoi gan bb b miic p = 0,091 Hang so la cb y nghTa thong quy da bien; k l va CO he sb B = -.227 Yeii tb co hpi hpe tap khbng Phuong trinh hoi quy tuyen tinh da bien c6 d^ng: Vi= §0 + plXli +P2 )t2i+ +pp Xpi +ei eb y nghia thong ke dbi vbi su gan bb cua NLD doi vbi eae DN nhb va vita tai tinh Tra Vinh Mo hinh gbm n h a n to tae dpng den s u gan bb Cae n h a n to tren deu tae dong tich cyc den sv gan aia NLD doi vbi DN eong nghiep n h b va vira tinh Tra bb o i a NLD So sanh gia tri (dp manh) eiia p chuan Vinh bao gom (1) Dac diem eong viee, (2) Van hba to hba eho thay: Dong nghiip la vaii d l quan nhat, chiie; (3) Chinh saeh dai ngp; (4) Mbi t r u b n g lam vi|c; tae dpng Ibn nhat den su gan bb eiia NLD (p - 0,291), (5) Dbng nghiep; (6) Co hpi hoc tap; (7) Lanh dao ke den la Lanh dao (p = 0,271), Dac diem cbng vi|c Du Ii|u dupe xif ly bang p h a n m e m SPSS Sau (p = 0,225), Chinh sach dSi ngp (p = 0,135), Van hba dupe ma hba va lam sach, se thuc hien cae p h a n ti'ch to ehiic (P = 0,098) va Mbi truang lam v i | c (|3 -0,091) sau: Thong ke mb ta, danh gia tin cay ciia eae thang Mpt so ham y chinh sach do, phan tieh nhan to, p h a n tich p h u a n g sai, p h a n ti'ch hbi quy va kie'm dinh s u khac biet Ket quii nghiSn CU'U Dua theo ket qua nay, n h b m tac gia de xuat mpt so giai phap nham nang cao su gan bb cua NLD tiong cae DN n h b va vira Iinh vuc cbng n g h i | p tren dia ban Ket qua mb hinh hoi quy tuyen tfnh cua cac nhan to dupc the hien tai Bang Ket qua n h a n dupe chp tinh Tra Vinh n h u sau: Chii trgng xdy dUng mai quan he dong nghiep hieu qud thay, mirc y nghia Sig rat n h o 0.00 va he so xae dinh R2 = ,618 (hay R2 hieu ehinh = 605) ehung minh eho Chil DN phai xay d u n g moi quan he tot dep giua su phil hpp a i a mb hinh So sanh gia tri R2 va R2 nhung NLD don vi Moi quan he giiia cae dong hi|u chinh co the tiiay, R2 h i l u ehinh n h b h o n R2 nghiep vbi eimg mbt phan hoac giiia bp Dieu danh gia miic dp phii h p p eua mb hinh se phan vbi eae bp phan khae toan DN phai an toan hon, vi nb khong thoi p h o n g miie db phii h p p that sy tbt dep, tao eho NLD lubn mong muon dupe ciia mb hinh n g h i i n ciiu Ket qua mb hinh hoi quy den DN Iam vile Can quan tam tao moi truang Iam tuyen tinh dupe xay d u n g phii h o p vbi tap dir lieu viec than thien, doan ket, de NLD phoi hpp lam viec 60,5% Nbi each khac, khoang 60,5% s u bien thien ve vbi tot hon; kip thbi xir ly, thao gb vubng mae, miic dp gan bb a i a NLD dbi vbi cac D N ebng nghiep til" db NLD se cam thay hai long va mubn gan bb lau nho va vira tai tinh Tra Vinh d u p c giai thich bbi cae dai vbi DN « Nang cao vai trb lanh dgo cua chu doanh nghiep tir bb eong viec doi n h i i n g n h a n vien cb h i l u qua Ban lanh dao can thau hii'u khb khan cbng viec eiia n h a n vien, h u b n g dan tan tinh, eoi trpng quan cbng viec khbng tot Phdt trien van hoa to chdc diem, s u dbng gbp a i a n h a n vien; Lubn dpng viln, khuyen khieh n h a n vien hp lam viec tot hay hp De phat ttien van hba DN, can tiiuc hien tot h o n lam v i | c ehua tbt, thubng phat eong bang, phan minh n u a chinh sach hb ttp cbng dong - x i hpi, dae b i | t dbi Ban lanh dao can lang nghe nhieu hon nhiing y kien vbi ban tiian nhan vien va gia dinh ho; Tieh eye h o n dong gbp ve cac p h u o n g p h a p d l ' thue hien ebng viee, nua viee truyen dat tam nhin, sii menh va m u c tin t u b n g n h a n vien, eimg hp ttao db'i y kien trube tilu hoat dpng a i a cac DN den vbi NLD dl' hp tiiay quyet dinh ttong ebng viee de n h a n vien thay d u p e dupc ttach n h i l m a i a minh vbi tu each ea n h a n ciing vai tto d b n g gbp eua hp ttong don vi, thiie day dpng n h u la mbt v i l n tiong to chiie va p h a n dau vi lue lam vi|c, sy gan bb lau dai voi to chiic, giiip nhan su phat tril'n ehung ciia to ehiie v i l n eb nhieu dbng gbp h o n cho tb chiie Khi nhan Chii trpng moi trudng lam viec tgi doanh nghiep v i l n gap kho khan Ban lanh dao c'an kip thbi hb ttp, giiip d b nhan vien de ho vupt qua khb khan va hoan cbng v i | c diing ke hoaeh va dat hieu qua Chu trpng bo tri cong viec phii hap NLD quan tam nhieu nhat den su an toan, b a o h b Iao dpng ttong qua trinh lam vi^e Do do, eae DN can quan tam den cbng tac xay d u n g mbi t r u b n g Iam viee dam bao eac tieu chuan an toan ve sinh Iao dbng de Cae DN can chii y tao moi t r u b n g lam viee NLD yen tam ebng tac; Can day manh xay d y n g mbi ehuyen nghiep, lubn dam bao eung cap day dii eae thiet trubng Iam viee xanh, saeh, dpp, thoang mat de tao hi va p h u o n g ti|n thuc h i l n cbng viec eho NLD, tao tam ly lam viee thoai mai, lii|u qua cho NLD; Dau tu dieu kien thuan lpi cho NLD phat huy het kha nang va ttang bi eae may mbc, thiet bi lam viee hien dai, ap hoan tot cong viec ciia minh Ben eanh db, can dung ebng n g h | thbng tin vao qua trxrvh Iam v i | c d l ' quan tam, theo doi kha nang dap iing yeu clu cbng tang nang suat lam viee a i a NLD, giiip NLD phat huy viec eiia NLD dl" phat hien nhiing ngubi cb kha nang dupe nang lye Iam viec ciia minh dam nhipm va thuc hien tot ebng viee khac ngoai ebng v i | c chinh eiia minh thi cbng ty nen sap xep eho hp thyc h i | n thir cbng v i | c do, neii thay phii h p p thi eb the luan chuyen tren eo sb cbng, khai minh bach va cong "Vi Tai lieu tham khao: / 50" Ke hogch vd Bdu tU (2018), Bdo cdo tong ket ve tinh hinh phdt triin doanh nghiep nhd vd vda tinh Trd Vinh tir ndm 2014 den 2018; bang, tir NLD khang dinh dupe vai ttb o i a minh, Bui Thi Minh Thu vd ie Nguyen Boan Khoi (2014), "Nghien cdu cde nhdn tddnh earn thay hai long va tang t h i m s u gan ket vbi eac DN budng den dgng iuc Idm viec cua ngudi lao ddng tnic tiep sdn xudt d tong cong Xay diing chinh sdch ddi ngp thoa ddng cho ngiidi lao ddng ty lap mdy viet nam (Mama)" Tap cbi khoa hgc Trifdng Bai hgc Cdn Tha, sdSS; Hodng Trong vd Chu Nguyen Mdng Ngoc (2008), Phdn tich ddlieu nghien edu Dl" d a m b a o eho NLD an tam lam vile va gan ket eiing DN, lanh dao DN n i n ap d u n g hinh thiie n a n g l u o n g mpt each linh hoat, eb thi" nit n g a n thbi h a n n a n g l u o n g chp xiing d a n g vbi tich ma NLD da cong hien cho eae DN Tai mot so DN, yeu vdl SPSS, TR Ho Chi Minh NXB Thong ke; Huynh Thanh Tu (201S), "Ndng (HO hdi Idng eong viec cua NIB tai Cdng ty Co ph Bien mfdcAnGang'Jap dii Phdt Idh Khoa hgcvd Cong nghe Tdp IS SoQi - 201S; TrdnKimDung, VdnMyLy(2006)."Mhifdngcuathiietiingudntiingu6nnhdnliJC den k& qud hoat dgng cOa doanh nghiep nhd vd vilrf, Tgp dii Kinh tePhdt tn&i 189; t b tien l u o n g khbng phai la mpt nhiing n h a n to Boeve, Wallace D (2007), A National Study of hb Satisfaction Factors anh h u b n g den quyet dinh eo tiep tyc lam vile hay omongFoculty in Physician Assistant Education Master's Theses and khong Dbi vbi eae n h a n v i l n tre, yeu to khen t h u b n g va phiie loi q u a n ttpng hem tien luong Tien luong ehi la miie ehi tta theo miie toi thieu quy dinh a i a N h a nube, cae DN tra l u o n g eliinh rat thap de giam miic bao hil'm xa hpi phai dbng eho N h a n u b e Do do, phiie lpi, khen t h u b n g d u a c NLD dat Ien hang d'au ttong chinh sach chi tra eiia d o n vi DN eo the xay d y n g eliinh saeh tra luong, chi tra khen thubng, phiic lpi theo s u cong hien, hieu qua eua nhan vien Dieu se xba bb tam ly chan nan, t h a m chi m u o n 204 BoctoralDissertations Eastern Michigan University, pp 60; Qieng,J.&Chew,L(2004j,Theinguenceofhumanresourcemanagementpractices on theretendon ofcore employees ofAustralian organisations An Empirical Study; Gearge C Homans (1958), Social behavior as exchange American Journal of Sociology 61-597-606 Thbng tin tac gia: ThS Hguyen Thanh Trung, Khoa Ngoai ngi!, Trddng dgi hgc Tra Vinh; Biti Thi Thuy, Cue Thong ki tinh Tra Vinh Emaih thanhtrung@tvu.edu.vn;thuytkei^yahoo.com.vn ... thay hai long va mubn gan bb lau nho va vira tai tinh Tra Vinh d u p c giai thich bbi cae dai vbi DN « Nang cao vai trb lanh dgo cua chu doanh nghiep tir bb eong viec doi n h i i n g n h a n vien... nghia 99%: 9S%, 90%) Nguon: Tong iiap ttr (ret qui ngliifn alu cia ldc gii n a n g cao su gan bb ciia ngubi lao dbng tai eac D N nhb vien to ehiic ia: Su phii h p p giiia ea n h a n va to va... khao: / 50" Ke hogch vd Bdu tU (2018), Bdo cdo tong ket ve tinh hinh phdt triin doanh nghiep nhd vd vda tinh Trd Vinh tir ndm 2014 den 2018; bang, tir NLD khang dinh dupe vai ttb o i a minh, Bui
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