aWTUVIHUANUIVniKllttO - s d 2/2020 QUAN flIEM PHAT TRIEN THE LIfC CHO NGIfOll DAN TOC THIEU SO VIET NAM D^ing Van Dung* T6m t4t: TCF nhO'ng kit quS nghign ci>u, phdn tfch thi/c tr^ng phdt triSn th^ lyc ngipd^i ddn t$c thilu s6 (DTTS) cQng nhu- cdc chlnh sdch li§n quan d i n phdt triln the lyc ngu-fri DTTS, d l td! tdng hg-p vd d l xu^t mOt s6 quan dilm phdt triln t h i lyc cho ngu-b"] DTTS nhim tgo co' sd- khoa hpc cho vi$c de gidi phap, chfnh sdch phdt triln t h i lyc, g6p phdn nang cao chit lu'p'ng ngu6n nhdn lyc cdc ddn tOc thilu s6 den ndm 2030 T£p kh6a: Quan dilm, t h i tyc, ddn tOc thilu sd Perspectives on physical development for ethnic minorities Summary: From the results of research, analysis of the situation of physical development of ethnic minorities, as well as policies related to physical development for ethnic minorities, the thesis has summarized and proposed some perspectives in physicality development for ethnic minorities; in order to create a scientific basis for devising solutions and policies on physical development, contributing to quality improvement in human resources for ethnic minorities by 2030 xKk^m^SB^^^^i _ Keywords: Perspective, physical strength, ethnic minorities ^ ^ ^ _ ^ - flAT VAN %t Xult phdt tir dieu ki?n dac thii a mien nui, the lyre ciia nguai DTTS nhieu h^n che, Dang, Nha nu6c da thudng xuyen quan tam phdt trien th^ lyc cua ngucri DTTS Tu sau Nghi quyet cua Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong Ddng khoa VI, c6ng tde cham soc sue khoe cua nhan dan n6i chung co cdc dan tgc thieu so vung nui, vung sau, viing xa da dugc Nha nuac d^c bi?t quan tam vd da dat dugc nhijng ket qua to Ion Tir nam 1986 d^n nay, Ddng va Nhd nuac ta da CO nhieu chinh sach cy the de khuyen khich, h6 trg nguai dan cac dan tgc thieu so chdm soc sue khoe, phdt trien the luc Ben canh nhung ket qud da dat dugc thi chinh sdch phdt trien the lyc cua nguai DTTS van nhung h ^ che nhat djnh, dnh huang trye tiep den qud trinh phat trien the l\rc va chat lugng nguon nhdn lyc DTTS Chinh vi v^y, vi?c d6 xudt quan diem phdt trien the lyc ciia nguai DTTS dugc xdc dinh Id vdn d^ mang tinh cdp thi^t Bh xudt se t^o ca sa khoa hgc cho vi^c dh gidi phap, chinh sdch phdt trien the luc, gop phdn nang cao chit lugng nguon nhan lyc cdc dan tgc thieu so den nam 2030 PHlfdNG PHAP NGHIEN cufu Qud trinh nghien cuu su dyng cdc phucmg phdp sau: Phuang phap phan tich va tong hgp tdi lieu; Phucmg phdp phong vdn; Phuang phap dieu tra xa hgi hgc, KET QUA NGHl£N Cifu UA BAN I U A N Tu nhihig ket qua nghien cuu, phan tich th\rc trang phat trien the lyc cua nguoi DTTS ciing nhu cac chinh sach lien quan den phdt trien the lyc ciia nguai DTTS, chung toi da tong hgp, de xuat mgt so quan diem sau: Phat trien the lire cua ngu'd'i DTTS anh hiFang bm nhCpng yeu to tde dpng tri/c tiep va gian tiep NhCrng yeu to tac dpng tr^'c tiep la nh^n thiPc, y te, cham s6c sOc k h o i vk the dgc the thao NhO'ng yeu to tde dpng gian tiep la giao dgc - dao t^o vd phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi, x6a d6i giam nghio Co nhieu yeu to tde dpng den phat trien the l\rc cua nguoi DTTS Tuy nhien, can nhan di?n ddu la y^u to tde dpng true tiep vd gidn tiep Dac 'PGS.TS Tnremg Dgi hpc TDTT BSc Ninh; Email; dangvandungtdtt@gmail.com BAI BAO KHOA HOC bi?t so cac yeu to tde dgng cung phai \ J C dinh nhung \ eu to can uu tien phat trien va phai CO 16 trinh cy the, trdnh chung chung dan trai Dong thai cung can tinh den tinh dong bg ciia cac yeu to Chang han nhu tap luy?n the due the thao phdl gan lien voi yeu to can bang dinh duong mcri co the co tac dpng tich cyc den the lyc, song muon dam bao dinh duong lai phu thugc vdo dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi, xoa doi gidm ngheo Phdt trien the l i ^ cua n g u ^ i ddn DTTS Id nhi^m vy phdt trien cua quoc gia, g6p p h i n thvc hi^n myc tieu "Cdc ddn tpc binh ddng, ton trpng, dodn ket, giai quylt hdi hda quan hp giira cdc ddn t$c, giup cung phdt trien" Trong mgt thai gian qud dai van de phat trien cdc DTTS Vi?t Nam chii yeu xoay quanh chii de ve phdt trien kinh te nham myc tieu xoa doi gidm ngheo Mac dii ve phucmg di?n khoa hpc, phat trien kinh tc xoa doi giam ngheo Id tac nhan quan trgng de gidi quyet van de the lyc tam voc cua ngucri DTTS Tuy nhien da den thai diem Dang Nha nuac can phai thong nhat nlian thuc va coi phdt trien the lyc, tam \ 6c cua cac DTTS la nhi?m vy trgng tdm chien lupc mang tinh co ban, cap bdch ciia quoc gia no can dugc thyc hi?n mpt cdch song hdnh voi nhi?m vy phdt trien K.T-XH vi moi quan h? bien chiing giua npi dung Can phdi xdc djnh phdt trien the lyc, tam \ 6c ngucri DTTS la mgt ngi dung quan h? thong chinh sach phap luat quoc gia \a phdi dugc the che hoa cdc chuang trinh, de dn dy an, chinh sdch phdt triln \ ling DTTS&MN nhung nam toi Coi day la mgt nhung myc tieu quan trpng hang ddu phat trien ngucri, gop phan hi?n thyc hoa myc tieu "Cdc dan tpc binh dang, ton trgng, doan kSt, giai quyet hai hoa quan he giira cdc dan tgc, giiip ciing phdt trien" nhu Van kien E)^i hpi ldn thli XII cua Ddng da xdc dinh Phat trien the l y ^ cua ngu^i DTTS phai c6 Ip trinh, buKfc di vd cdch thirc tde dpng phu h^p Lay npi tyc vd d i l m xuat phat ban d i u cua tirng dan tpc Idm c o so*, nen tang; mat bdng chung v l the IM« cua ca n u w fam myc tieu vd sir dyng 6$c diem van hoa, ngircri, dieu kipn t y nhien, kinh te - xa hpi cua tirng tpc ngirai td mpt nhirng cong cy quan trpng de phat trien Thyc tien tinh hinh ddn tgc o nua^' '^ c thdy ngoai nhumg ddc diem chung cua >-• DTTS moi dan tpc moi viing mien (mi^n " phia Bdc Tay duyen hai mu-n Trun^ l^V Nguyen Tay Nam Bp) ddu co rihung d^c dicn dac thii neng co, gan voi d?c diem dja van oa, dia chinh di, dja kinh tc _ , Trong cac DTTS co nhung nhdm dan tgc da ti?m C9n vol sy phat xnh\ chung cua ca nuac nhung cung c6 mgt bp phgn khong nho cac dan tpc dang diku ki?n rdt kho khan M^c du CO thi noi, phdt triln thi lyc tdm voc nguoi DTTS Id mpt nhi?m vu ccr ban rat cap bach mang tinh qu6c gia cdn phdi giai quyet> nhung cdn phdi dugc tiln hanh mpt each thgn trgng, bdi bdn c6 Ig trinh buoc di va each thiic tde dgng phu hgp voi timg ddn toe timg khu vuc, timg giai dogn Can thdng nhdt quan dilm gidi quyet d6 Id phat triln thi lyc dya tren ngi lyc, nhimg nang lyc vd dilu ki?n npi tgi ciia timg dan tOc, timg khu vyc coi d6 la co so, Id nen tang d l tac dpng Myc tieu Id huong din sy hoa nhap v6i mgt bdng chung cita cd nuoc, nhung khong ap dgt, chu quan, n6ng vpi, diing ngogi luc thay the npi l\rc, md phdi dya tren van hoa, nguai, dieu ki?n ty nhien, kinh tl - xa hgi ciia timg tpc iigucfi coi cdc yeu t6 Id cong cu quan trgng de gidi quylt van dl the lyc ciia timg DTTS Lly phdt triln kinh te - xa hpi Id nhipm vy trpng tam, iru ti4n mang tinh quyet djnh, dpt phd de thiic day, phdt trien the l y c ngirdi dan t$c thieu so va ngu'p'c t^i lay phdt trien the lyc de phat trien kinh te - xa hpi vung DTTS&MN Ro rdng, phdt trien kinh te, cdi thipn vd nang cao muc s6ng ciia nguoi ddn cac DTTS la gidi phap chii dao, dot phd, mang tinh quyet dinh den vi?c thiic day, phat triln the luc ciia nguoi DTTS Khong the co nguoi DTTS thuc sy khoe manh ve the chdt va tinh than, khong thi cai thien, nang cao thi luc, tdm voc, tuoi thg ngudi neu ddi, ngheo van dang la thdch thijc, Id vong ludn quin chua thi vupt qua dai sdng ciia cdc DTTS , Ddng thoi vdi phdt trien kinh te, cdn phai giai quyet nhanh chdng cdc van de xa hgi khdng tJch cue lam dnh hucmg den phat trien the lyc ng^in BMUAOHHiiMimYHITtiETHAO - S ' / 2 DTTS (phat trien kmh te cung Id tac nhan quan trpng de thay ddi cac van de xa hgi, nhung se giai quyet nhanh hon neu phdt trien kinh te ludn song hanh voi tde dgng de giai quyet cdc van de xd hgi ddng bao DTTS) nhu: T? ngn ma tiiy, nghi?n rupoi; tdo hdn, hdn nhan cgn huyet; cac tgp qua, thdi quan khdng tich cyc dcri song xa hgi Day la mat ciia mgt van dl, cd tde dpng tuong ho qua lgi Phdt triln the tyc cho ngu^d^i dan tpc thilu so nhim gdp phin ndng cao chit lirp-ng nguon nhan lyc cdc ddn t$c thilu s6 lan Phat trien kinh te, xa hgi tgo dieu kipn quan trgng de nang cao lya chpn, cdn xac dinh cdc "dau mdi, diem mit" the lyc, nang cao the lyc se tac dgng tich cyc de chiing ta sir dung cdng cy chinh sdch "kich den phat trien kinh te, xa hdi Khi xa hgi dupc hoat" vdo vdo cdc "dau mdi, diem niit" se dem lgi phat trien, cd trinh dg phat trien kinh nhimg tde dpng tich cyc mang tinh ddy chuyen, te - xa hgi se keo theo nhiing thay ddi tich cyc tao hieu lyc, hi?u qud cao nhat Vdri yeu cdu \e nhgn thirc va trinh dg ddn tri, liic dd ty thdn dd ddng thai dua tren thyc trgng tinh hinh the lyc cac DTTS thieu so se biet minh phdi lam gi, ciia ngucri DTTS nhu hipn nay, trgng tam, hdnh dpng nhu the ndo de ndng cao chat lugng trgng diem can chii y phdt trien the lyc cdc cupe sdng cho chinh hp cd tri va DTTS dd Id: tap trung vdo lam tot cdng tde siic khde sinh sdn, sire khde ba m? tre em vd the he phat trien the lyc Phdt triln thi lyc cua ngu'd'i DTTS phdi tre; tap trung vao cac viing, cac DTTS co dieu c6 trpng tam, trpng diem, d6 tap trung ki?n KT-XH khd khan \'a dac biet khd khan; cdc vdo: SLPC khde sinh sdn, sire khoe ba mp tre DTTS rat it ngudi Day la nhimg chieu cgnh md em vd the hp tre; cdc vung, cac DTTS co giai quyet tdt van de se dem lai tde dgng rat dieu ki^n KT-XH kho khan vd dac biet kho ldn bdi canh ngudn lyc han che, khdn, tinh tr^ng the lyc kem va cdc dan tpc thieu s6 rlt it ngu'd'i Trong bdi cdnh kinh te, xd hpi ciia cdc DTTS chdm phat trien, ddi ngheo dang Id bdi todn nan gidi chua dugc gidi quyet, the lyc va tam vdc ngudi thap hon so vdi mat bang chung, ciing vdi dieu ki?n ngudn luc quoc gia han hep, cd nhieu nhipm vu phdi uu tien, thi viec tiep can, gidi quyet van de phdt trien the luc cua ngudi DTTS can phai dac biet chu y den quan diem "Phdt triln cd trgng tdm, trgng diem" Tat nhien, vdn cdn cd chien lupc mang tinh tdng the de cap mgt cdch tdn dien vl tdt cd cdc vdn de gidi phdp de phdt trien thi luc cua ngudi DTTS Trong hdng loat nhimg vdn dl cdn phai Phdt triln the lyc cdc DTTS la trdch nhiem cua cac cap uy Ddng, chinh quyln, doan the, to chirc xa hpi, cpng dong xa hpi vd todn the nhan dan cac DTTS, dd Nha nird'c cd vai trd hdng diu {ban hanh ccr che, chinh sdch va bdo dam ngan sdch; huy dpng, su* dung hieu qua cdc nguon lyc; cung cap cdc djch vu de phdt trien the lyc, tam vdc cua dong bao cdc DTTS ) Voi dac diem the che chinh tri cua nudc ta, vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang la rdt quan trgng Nhdn thiic dugc vai trd quan trgng ciia phat tnen the lyc nguai dan cdc DTTS la viec can phai ldm nhung nhdn thiic phdi chuyen thdnh co che, chinh sdch cu the BAI BAO KHOA HOC y ti cham soc ^i'^' 1'''°'^ va thi dye the thao) ^a gidn tiip (giao dgc " ' ' f t?o\aphaimenkinhiexa hgi xoa doi giam ngheg) Phat triin the Ivrc cua cac DTTS la nhi?m vy phat tnin ciia quoc gia Phai co Ip trinh buac di va each thiic tic dgng phli hgp Lay phat trien kinh ti - xa ligi la nhi?m \V trgng tam uu tien manh tinh quyit dinh Phat triin thi lyc ciia cdc DTTS phai co trpng tam, Cung v6i sif ph^t trien cua van h6a truyin th6ng, c^c m6n th4 trgng diim Dong thai, thao din t$c cung atr