CHJNH SACH THU HUT NGUON NHAN LUC CHO VUNG DAN TOO THIEU SO CUA AUSTRALIA VA NHUNG GOI MO DOI VOI VIET NAM TS NGUYEN TH! GIANG HirffNGn ThS DAG THI KIM LAN n Tom tat: Bii viet gidi thieu khai quit chinh sach thu hut nguon nhan luc cCia Australia vdi mgc tiiu phit trien bin vdng cdng dong ngUdl ban dia vi tUng bUdc thu hep khoang cich giiJa ngUdi bin dja vdi cic nhdm khic xa hoi; qua kii'n nghi mdt sd ndi dung Viet Nam co the nghiin cdu, van dung viic xay ddng chij trUdng, chinh sach thu hut ngudn nhin iuc cho phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tai cac vdng din tdc thieu so dat hieu qua Tdkhda: Australia; chinh sach; dan tdc thiSu sd; thu hut ngudn nhan luc Abstract: The paper presents an overview of Australia's human resource attracting policies with the goals of developing indigenous communities in a sustainable manner and gradually narrowing the gap between indigenous peoples and other groups in the society, and suggests some implications that can be studied and applied in Vietnam in developing the guidelines and policies to attract human resources for effective socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas Keywords: Australia; policies; ethnic minorities; human resource attracting Ngiy nhin bii: 11/3/2020 Ngiy bien tap: 25/3/2020 Ngiy duyit dang: 15/4/2020 Chinh sach thu hut ngudn nhan IUc nidn bin xQ (tQ 18 tudi trd len) ChUdng trinh phat tridn Idnh te - xa hpi vung dan toe t h i l u dgt dQpc nhQng cdng bade dau; cac ddi tQpng tham gia mdt tang (tQ 70 so cua Australia 1.1 Cac chinh sach phat trien nguon nhanthanh vien nam 2004 da tang len gan 2.000 vi§n nam 2015) Ddi tupng tham gia rat li/c t^l chd De nang cao nang iQc cho eong ddng da dgng tQ IQa tuoi, trinh dp, gidi tfnh, khu ngudi bin dja, Chfnh phu Australia da ed nhieu vge Viec dang ky de dgpe nhan tai trd ci!ia chu trUdng, ehinh sach tQ cap trung Udng den chgdng trinh rIt thuan tien, ngudi ban dja dia phUdng nham tap trung phat trien va nang chf can ndp dPn dang ky trgc tuyen eho van phdng chgdng trinh Mgc tieu trung han va eao dan tri eho ngUdi bin dja, cu the nhu: Thd nhdt, chddng trinh bdi dudng phat trien dai hgn eua chUPng trinh la: 1) Tang cUdng nang Ige tg nhan thQc ve b i n than va ve edng ning IUc lanh dao cho ngUdi bin dja ChUdng trinh myc dfch hinh d ddng xung quanh; 2) Cai thien sQ tQ tin va hpe vidn niem tin vao sQ thay ddi va cung cap ban ITnh ca nhan; 3) Tao mdt mgng lUdi nhQng cdng eg can thiet de ho ed the lap kd thdng nhat tren toan qud'c; 4) Khuyen khfch hoach cho mot tudng lai tQdi sang hdn eho tri va nam glQ vai trd lanh dao; 5) Phat tQng ca nhan va cdng ddng nggdi ban dja trien nhieu ky nang khac nhau, bao gdm tim Dong thdi, tao mdi trgdng lanh mgnh cd t h i nhin va thiet lap mgc tieu, anh hgdng va giQp moi nggdi tg tin thgc hien nhQng thay ddi thgdng thuyet; 6) Tao nhQng thay ddi tfch cgc eupe sdng hien tgi va tUdng lai tfeh cue eho bin than va cho c l edng ddng Thd hai, chddng trinh dio tao nang IUc lanh TQ nam 2005, chUdng trinh nang cao nang igc lanh dgo cho nggdi bin dja da md rpng d$o cho linh dao va nhin viin cac td chdc ddi tgpng tham gia eho c l nam va nQ cua ngddi bin dia Day la chQdng trinh eung cap cac khda hpc ve nang iQc quin ly, lanh dao danh eho (*) Trudng D^l hgc Lao dgng - Xa hgi m To chi'rc nha niroc soi 4/2020 c l lanh dao va nhan vien cQa eac td chQc ngadi b i n dja da dang ky hoat ddng vdi cae chien iQpc, kd hoach ngan han Tuy nhien, cac ehUPng trinh tren chf chu trpng phat trien nang Ige va ky nang lanh dgo cho tQng ea nhan rieng biet va it quan tam den cac van de khd khan chung cua cdng dong, eung nhU nhQng van de ve quan tri ma e l nhdm dang gap phai Vi vay, can phai thay ddi tiep can theo hudng gill quyet cae van de Chung eua cdng ddng Cung vdi viee eung cap cac hpc bong, cac khda dao tao nang IQe, ky nang lanh dao ngin hgn, cdn ed eac ehUdng trinh hudng nghiep va danh gia hpe vien d l ed the tuyen dyng tai dia phupng; cae ChUdng trinh can cd sU Idng ghep, ket ndi vdi nhau; can ed sQ quan tam ngang bang ve nang eao vai trd, vj the va tieng noi cua ngudi ban dia vdi cae van de khac nhu tidp can djch vy edng chat IQpng va hieu qua Thd ba, chinh sach giio due cho ngUdi bin dia Hien nay, Australia dang nd Igc nang cao sg binh dang ve viee tiep can giao due cho mpi ddi tupng Chinh saeh khdng chf mang y nghTa ve mat kinh td, chfnh tri, van hda - xa hdi ma cdn la sU d i m bao ve quyen nggdi Viec tat ca eac ddi tupng cd cd hpi tiep can vdi tri thQc va tQ dd giup hp phat huy dupe het k h i nang eua minh la mot nhQng Qu tien hang dau eua he thdng giao dye cua Chinh phu Australia Trong nhQng nam gan day, Chinh phu Australia chu trpng nhieu vao viee hd trd nhQng ngQdi dan ban dja va nhdm ngudi yeu the xa hpi tiep can tdt hPn va nang eao tich hpc tap cua hp th6ng qua viec dau tucho cham sdc va giao dye mam non Chien lupc qude gia ve phat trien giao dye mim non 2009 da dua mdt sd ehUdng trinh hanh ddng cu the hudng tdi viec hd trp cho ngQdi nggdi ban dia va ngQdi sinh sdng d dao Torres Cac chUdng trinh hanh dpng tap trung vao viee phat trien ky nang va lam cdng tac hudng nghiep edn nhd Theo Bio cio Trien vong chfnh sach giio dye cua Australia nim 2013, ket qua hpe tap va mQc dp hoan cac bac hpe ndi chung cua hoe sinh khu vge ndng thdn, ngQdi b i n dia, ngadi thude d i o Torres thap hdn nhieu so vdi mat bang chung cua Australia Viec nang tich hpc tap va ty le tre em den trudng la hai yeu td quan trpng gdp phan tang eudng binh dang va chat lupng eua giao dgc Cae ehUPng trinh giao dye dae biet danh rieng cho nggdi sdng d khu vge nong thdn va nggdi ban dja gom'": - Dau tg vao giao dgc sdm - ke hoach qudc gia ve giao dye mIm non nam 2009 dupe dUa vdi mgc dich cung cap nhQng khdi dau tdt dep nhat eho mpi tre em tren khap e l nude - Lien ket trgdng hpc thdng minh danh cho nhdm cdng ddng cd hoan cinh khd khan keo dai tu nam 2009 den nam 2014 Day la mot chien IQpc tong the tgo eP hdi hpc tap va phat trien cQa cac hpc sinh ngheo, ho trP hp tidp tyc theo hpc len cae bac hpc cao hdn, tim kiem viee lam hoac tham gia cac hoat dpng eong ddng Chien IQpc tap trung vao nhQng npi dung nhU: 1) H6 trp cae trudng d ta't ea eac bac hpe va cae ehUPng trinh e l i each mang tinh tdng the nham giai quydt nhQng vQdng mac dang tdn dpng tai cac trudng cd dieu kien khd khan; 2) GiQp thge hien eac cai each nham ho trd cac nhu c i u hpe tap, tQ dd giQp hpc sinh de dang ehuyin tidp len eac bac hpe cao hdn, di lam hoge tham gia tich cQc vao xa hpi sau hoan chUdng trinh hpe tgi trQdng; 3) Cac ChQdng trinh cai each se ehu yeu tap trung vao lanh dao nha trudng, giao vien, hpe sinh va su tham gia eua cdng ddng dja phUdng; 4) Cae trudng dupe chpn de thgc hien chgpng trinh lien ket trudng hpe thdng minh se dupe nang eao nang lue gill quye't eac van d l chdng cheo, phQc tgp ma hpc sinh thupc cdng ddng yeu the thudng phii ddi mat ChUdng trinh b i t dau tQ nam 2009 nhUng dupe trien khai rdng rai va d i y du vao cac nam 2011 va 2012 vdi sutham gia cua 1.700 trQdng cdng lap va dan lap, tQdng dQdng vdi 17% tdng sd cac trQdng tren e l nQdc Australia va ed khoang 464.000 hpe sinh dQdc hudng Ipi tQ ehUdng trinh nay, chiem 13% To chuc nha nuoc so 4/2020 tong sd hpc sinh toan quoe'^' Cae ke hoach e l i each cu the thude chUdng trinh bao gdm: khuyen khfch eac giao vien gidi va nhan vien quin ly trudng hoc ve dgy hpc va lam viee tai cac trUdng thupc vung sau, vung xa thdng qua he sd phg cap khu vge cho giao vien; eung cap he thdng giao vien va quin ly gidi eho cae trQdng d cac khu vUc kem phat trien; phat trien ke hogch hpe tap ea nhan cho hpc sinh; keu gpi sU "ehung tay" eua cdng ddng dja phUdng, phu huynh hpe sinh viee eung quan ly trudng hpc; dUa chgdng trinh hpc danh eho nggdi vQa hpc vQa lam; theo ddi va hd trp viec quay trd Igi trQdng hpe ddi vdi hpe sinh mudn tidp tgc hoan khda hpe; nang cao nang luc hd trd eua phy huynh ddi vdi viec hpc tap cua hpe sinh; lien ket vdi doanh nghiep dja phUdng viee thgc hanh va hadng nghiep; phdi ket hpp viec cham sdc sQc khoe va eung cap dieu kien hpc tap c i n thiet cho gia dinh cd tre nhd Cac trQdng thupc dien dupe hd trp tQ chQdng trinh da cd nhOng chuyen bien tich cQc ve chat Igpng dpi ngu giao vien va can bp quin ly trgdng hpe; ed nhieu tidn bd viec giang day va lien kdt vdi cac bdn lien quan - Ke hogch hanh ddng ve giao dgc danh eho nggdi bin dia va eg dan d i o Torres Myc tieu ehfnh eua kd hogch nham thu hep khoing each ve trinh dp hpe van giQa ngQdi b i n dja, ngQdi dan d i o Torres va ban be eung trang IQa tren toan lanh tho Australia Kd hoach quan tam den nhQng van de chinh gdp phan e l i thien ket q u i hpc tap cua nhdm hpe sinh mye tieu, gdm: 1) Sg lien kdt; 2) Yeu td van hda; 3) Phat trien ddi ngu lanh dao, giao vien va nhan vien nganh giao due; 4) Dieu kien trudng hpc va sQ s i n sang cua tre nhd; 5) Sg tham gia; 6) Cac budc chuyen tiep bao gdm ea sau tdt nghiep Chien lUpe la mot nhQng chQdng trinh diem nham nang cao ty le ddn trUdng va trinh dp hpc van eho ngudi bin dja va ngUdi dao Torres, ddng thdi dUpc dieu ehinh nam mot lan d l dap Qng nhQng thay ddi eua thUe tiln Ngoai ra, chfnh quyen cac bang va chinh quyen trung Udng Australia da de nhQng đ ehinh sach dae biĐt nham thu hut giao vien gioi, cd kinh nghiem gilng day ve lam viec lau dai tai cac vung sau, vung xa bang eae hinh thQc hd trp kinh phi an d, di lai, phg cap cung nhu cd hpi thang tien nghe nghiep ndu nhu cd nhQng ddng gdp thgc sQ hieu qui thdi gian nhat djnh tgi dja phQdng ndi edng tac Hien nay, mot sd bang tren lanh thd Australia dang triln khai ehUdng trinh dac bi^t nham phat trien igc lupng lao ddng tai chd (vung ndng thdn va cac vung kem phat trien) thdng qua viec ky hpp tae lien ket vdi cac trUdng va doanh nghiep dja phUdng Cg the, ehfnh quyen cae bang keu gpi sQ hd trp tai ehfnh eua Chinh phu lien bang va tao cP hoi thgc tap eho cae sinh vien tQ cae doanh nghiep dja phUdng Cae doanh nghiep cd the hd trp sinh vien bin xQ bang each tao cho hp cd hpi dupe thgc tap va cho vay tai chinh phye vy eho qua trinh hpe tap eua sinh vien dd tai trudng Day la mot chien lupe hieu qui vdi su gdp sQe cua eae ben lien quan va mang tfnh chat on dmh lau dai Ke hoach co the giai quyet dQdc nhieu mye tieu, nhU: 1) Sinh vien hpe xong ed viee lam ngay; 2) Chi phf dao tgo dupe vay vdi lai suit thap, kem theo hpc bdng toan phan; 3) Sinh vien cd the vQa hpc vQa thgc hanh va ed them thu nhap; 4) Gdp phan phat trien kinh te - xa hdi dja phgdng, thu hep khoang each vung mien; 5) Gill quydt cac van de phuc Idi khac; 6) Doanh nghiep va cd quan quan ly ed nguon nhan igc tgi eho 1.2 Chinh sach thu hut nguon nhan li/c chat lugng cao lam viec tai cong dong ngddi ban dja Australia cd tdi 75% dien tfeh cd dieu kien hau va thd nhQdng khac nghiet, sa mac hda va kho hgn Day chinh la ndi sinh sdng cua 3%'^' dan sd, dd ehu yeu la ngudi dan b i n dia va nhQng ngUdi ngheo Vi vay, Chinh phu Australia da cd nhieu chUdng trinh hanh dpng cg the nham thu hut va "giQ ehan" ddi ngu lao dpng cd tay nghe va nhQng ngQdi ed trinh dp chuyen mon cao phye vy eho myc tieu thue day sU phat trien ben vQng cua eac vung Nhdm chinh sach hian tgi nham To chi'rc nha nuoc so 4/2030 tuyen dung ngudn nhan ige chat Igdng cao xa hpi cua cdng ddng ngQdi bin dja tgi djg lam viee cho bp may cdng quyen tgi cac vung phgpng Ngoai ra, ehfnh quyIn dja phQPng cdn khd khan cdn nhieu han ehe va ehu yeu tap thudng xuyen cap nhat danh saeh cac hpc trung vao viec tuyen truyen, thu hut ngudi sinh la ngudi ban dja dang theo hpe cap 2, dan da tQng sinh sdng tgi dia phUdng dd sau cap 3, cao dang, dgi hpe va sau dai hpe eae hoan xong eac ehUdng trinh hpe trudng khac tren khap c l nudc, glQ lidn bdng dac biet nha nude, cae bang va cae lac thQdng xuyen vdi cac hpc sinh va trQdng tai trp quay trd ve qu§ hgpng iam viee nghien cQu tim hieu de dd xuat mdt edng viee phye vy sg phat trien cua dat nude phu hpp hp hoan khda hoe Hien nay, Chinh phu Australia dang thay Ddi vdi viec thu hut cac nhan tai tQ cae ndi ddi each thQc iam viec vdi cdng ddng va lanh khac ve lam viec, ehfnh quyen dja phgdng da dao dja phQdng thdng qua viec ho trp s6 hOu ed gang xay dgng van hda lam viec chuyen ban dja, ngQdi ban dja cd t h i hpp tae vdi nghiep, moi trUdng sdng than thien, an toan Chinh phu viee xac dinh hoan cinh va va ed hd trp ehi phf dn djnh cudc sdng mdi khang djnh su da dang phong tgc tap den lam viec quan cua ngudi b i n dja Dieu dUpc the Mat khac, doanh nghiep dja phUPng cung hien thdng qua cam ket eua Thu tudng ve gap rat nhieu khd khan thieu hyt ngudn "hanh dpng hgdng tdi ngUdi ban dia va ngudi nhan Igc chat lupng cao Gill phap eQa eae dan dao Torres" Mdt nhQng hanh ddng doanh nghiep thudng la cung cap cae dieh vy dd la sang kien ve thuc day va trao quyen ed bin cho ngUdi lao dpng nhg nha d, an ninh cdng ddng dja phQdng Day ia hinh thQc tao va ehi phi di Igi Ben canh dd, doanh nghiep nhQng ed hdi cho lanh dao dja phQdng la dga cac he sd phg cap ha'p d i n , dam bao ngudi b i n dja dua nhQng sang kien nham thang hgng nghe nghiep va eac cd hdi dao thay ddi cdng ddng eua ho va khu vge tgo nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn Tuy nhien, Sang kidn dgt yeu td van hda b i n dja va dd chf la cae ke hogch ngin han va la giii sg tham gia g i n ket eua mpi ngUdi la phap giai quyet tinh the cap bach Mot sd tam cua qua trinh quyet djnh doanh nghiep cd quy md Idn mudn ed ngudn Hai npi dung dupe gu tien viec phat lao ddng tai chd on dinh lau dai thudng cd trien ngudn nhan igc tai dja phgdng la ke chien igdc dao tgo dgc biet va keu gpi cac hoach de tang cgdng cdng tac tuyin dyng, ben cung chung tay thge hien ke hogch dd "giQ chan" va nang cao ky nang cho IQc IQdng NhUng gdi md do'i vdi Viet Nam lao dpng Viec tuyen dyng va thu hQt lao dpng xay dUng va thUc hien chinh sach thu hut trinh dp eao vao lam viec eho chfnh quyen dja ngudn nhan IUc cho phat trien l