TAP CHi GONG THI/dNG THI TRlTCfNG LAO DQNG VA VIEC LAM TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO DA N A N G • D6 VAN TINH T M TAT: That nghiep va cac chinh sach giai quyet viec lam, thi tnfdng lao dgng tren dia ban thinh ph6' Da Nang dang la van de mang linh cap thie't Da N^ng dang qua tnnh chuydn minh sang dt thi thdng minh, tijfng bifdc doi mdi nham nang cao ddi s6'ng vat chat, tinh than cho nhan dan Vi$c phat trien thi tnfdng lao dong la mot ye'u to khach quan, thi tru'dng lao dong tao cd sd thuan ldi cho sif van hanh hi$u qud cua nen kinh le' Tuy nhien hien nay, pho'Da Nffng nhieu bat cap gifla cac ye'u t6' thi tnfdng nhif mS't c6ng bang v^ cung - ctu lao dpng dan d^n tinh trang vi^a thiifa, vifa thie'u lao dong, chuyen dich cd cau chu'a phii hdp Ngoai vS'n de ve thi tnfdng lao dpng, van de that nghiep va chinh sach gidi quyet viec lam cung dang Ik van de mang tinh clfp thi^t dang quan tdm Do vdy, bai vi6't phan tich thifc trang thi tnfdng lao ddng va viSc 1dm hien tai pho' Da N^ng, tif d6 dda giai phap cai thien thi tnfdng lao dpng va tao viec lam tren dja ban Da Ndng Tuf khoa: That nghiep, chinh sach viec lam, thi tnfdng lao dpng, Ihanh pho' Da Ndng Thi trifdng lao dOng d phd' Da Nang Thi trifdng lao dpng d Da Ndng co nhifng chuyen bie'n tich cifc, co sif cdi each va dau tuf cdng tac gido due vaday nghe Ve so lifdng Da Nang cd mdt nguon nhan life khd doi dao Theo Cue Thd'ng kd phd' cdng bd' ke't qud Tdng dieu tra Dan so' va nha d tren dia bdn phd', theo do, ddn sd'thdnh phd'Dd Ndng tinh de'n nam 20191a 1.134.310ngifdi Life lifdng lao ddng tfl 15 tudi trd Idn ifdc dat 56,1 trieu ngifdi, tang 472,2 nghin ngifdi so vdi quy tnfdc vd tang 501,8 nghin ngifdi so vdi ciJng ky nam tru'dc Life lifdng lao ddng dp tudi lao ddng quy IV nam 2019 u'dc linh dat 49,4 trieu ngifdi tfing 278.7 nghin ngifdi so vdi quy tnfdc va tang 442,3% so vdi ciing ky 230 So 17-Thdng 7/2020 nam tnfdc Trong tdng sd'ngu'di tham gia life lifdng lao ddng cua quy 4/2019, cd 13,2 trieu ngifdi da difdc dao tao co bang, chifng chi (tif sd cap trd lenj tang 480,3 nghin ngifdi so vdi quy III Ty le qua ddo tao cua lao ddng khu vifc thi dat 41,3%, eao hdn gan lan khu vifc ndng thdn Thi tnfdng lao ddng phd' Da Nang chiu SLf tac ddng bdi da dang hoa cac hinh thifc sd hifu eua nen kinh te, md thj tnfdng nhu cau lao ddng mdt cdch phong phii Hien cung siJc lao ddng tang rat Idn, nhffng n3m gan day Da Ndng tang 4,0% de'n 4.2'^'f (ca nu'dc tang 3,2% den 3,5%) Mdi nam phd'c6 khodng 20 nghin den 25 nghin ngifdi den tudi lao ddng va lao dpng nh^pcif vao phd'(ca nifdc 1,3 trieu qilANTR!-QUANLY dd'n 1,5 trieu ngu'di) Lao ddng tha't nghiep phd'cud'i nam 2015 vdn cdn 4% Hang nam tren dia bdn phdco khoang 15 nghin hoc sinh, sinh vidn tdt nghiep tnfdng; ddo tao ngh^ cd bang ca'p khoang gan nghin vd hang chuc nghin lao ddng du'dc dao tao ngan han vd dao tao lai Ty le lao ddng qua dao tao hOn 55% (cd ntfdc 51%) qua ddo tao nghe 45% (toan qud'e 38%) Tuy nhidn, dao tao khdng gan vdi cd cd'u lao dpng ciia n^n kinh te", ddn de'n ke't qua la thdnh phdDd Nang cd hdn ngan lao ddng td't nghidp dai hpc va tren dai hoc that nghiep Mat khac, vdi tSm ly cua ngifdi lao ddng chi mud'n lam thay khdng mud'n 1dm thd vd khdng co chinh sdch khuyen khich dd'i vdi ddi ngii edng nhdn lanh nghe ii6n cd cd'u cua life lifdng lao ddng difdc dao tao khong ddp ifng Iheo nhu cau cua xa hdi Qua Bang 1, ta tha'y du'dc ty Id tham gia life lifpng lao dpng so vdi dan so tudi lao dpng cd xu hifdng giam nhe Nam 2015, d le la 73.76% va nam 2020 la 70.88% Nguyen nhdn la so nien tham gia hpc tap, dao tao gia tang, sd'ngu'di khdng cd kha nang lao dpng tie'p tuc giam, them vao Id miJc song cua cac hp gia dinh tang cao, xu hu'dng nhieu phu nfl lap trung thdi gian cho gia dinh, nudi day cai nhieu hOn Ngoai ra, life Iifdng lao ddng cdn bao gdm mdt bp phan ddn sd' trdn dp tudi Iao ddng van co kha nang lao dpng va tim viee lam Day Id mpt so nguon cung lao ddng bd sung cho phai iridn kinh te - xa hpi cua phd Ty le lao ddng qua dao tao lao ddng Da Ndng se tang tif 65% nam 2015 va 80% nam 2020 Tif Bang 2, la thd'y giai doan 2016 - 2020 gidi quye't viec lam mdi cho khoang 19.5 van lao ddng Bang LUc lUdng lao dong Da Ndng giai doqn 2015 - 2020 Thanh th| (ngudi) Nong thon (ngudi) Ddn so tuoi lao dOng (ngiidi) Ti 1$ LLLD tham gia so vdi DS tuoi (%) 490.032 394 333 96 699 664.360 73.76 503.529 406 193 98 533 686.700 73.43 20ir 616.941 416 987 100.965 707 740 73.04 2018 530.279 426 720 103.669 730.500 72 59 2019 640.83 436.210 105.620 754.000 71 72 661.681 443.942 107.739 778.260 70.88 Nam LLLB (ngucti) 2015 2016 2020 Nguon: Oil bdo Sd LBTBXH Bang Tdng so lao dong can giai quyet viec giai doan 2016 - 2020 Tong service lam Kha nang phat trien kinh te Vi§c lam can dUdc ho'tn? tnic Sep can giai quyel se glal quyet vi^c lam ti^ ChUdng trinh d^ an 3=1-2 Binh quan/nam 39 000 39.000 Tong so 195.000 195.000 A Nguon Cue Thong ke thdnh Dd Ndng So 17-Ttiang 7/2020 231 TAP GHi CONG THlftfNG binh quan mdi nam giai quye't vide lam mdi cho khoang 3,9 van lao ddng De'n nam 2020, ty trpng GDP Da Nang bang 2.5% GDP ca nifdc Dd Ndng phdn dd'u la mdt nhifng dia phifdng di diu ca nifdc sif nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, dd cd ca'u kinh Id'de'n nam 2020 se Id dich vu 55%, edng nghidp - xdy dtfng 43%, thuy san ndng lam 2% Gia ca su'c lao dong Theo bao cao Sd Ke' hoach va Dau tif Da Ndng, hien tren dia ban Da Nang cd khoang 125 doanh nghiep cd vd'n dau tif nifdc ngoai Ty le lao ddng hu'dng lifdng du'di I trieu ddng/ngifdi/thang d cdng nghiep-xSy difng la 71,20% cao hdn rd't nhieu so vdi nganh du lich la 39,45% Ngifdc lai, ty Id lao ddng difdc hifdng lien lifdng thifc le' tif I dd'n tridu ddng d nganh cdng nghidp - xdy difng la 28,8% thd'p hdn nhieu so vdi nganh du lich la 60,55% Thu nhap binh quan thdng cua ngifdi Iao ddng tang so vdi quy tnfdc vd ciing ky nam tnfdc, cdng vide lidn quan de'n trinh dp ky nang cao thi thu nhap cang cao Theo do, thu nhdp binh quan thang tfl cdng viec eua ngifdi lao dpng quy IV/2019 dat 5,06 trieu ddng, tang 201 nghin ddng so vdi quy III va tang 797 nghin ddng so vdi ciing ky 2018 Cde nhom nganh nghi khac cd thu nhap khac nhau, Iao ddng gidn ddn cd mifc thu nhap tha'p nha't, tha'p hdn thu nhap binh qudn ehung la 1,8 trieu ddng Thu nhdp cua lao ddng 1dm edng hifdng lifdng deu tang d td't cd cac trinh dp va tang cao hdn d nhdm cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thudt Lao ddng cd trinh dd cao thi mifc thu nhap cao hdn Nam 2019, thu nhap cua lao ddng cd trinh dp dai hpc Id 9.3 tridu ddng, cao gap 1,6 lan so vdi lao ddng khdng cd chuyen mdn ky thuat (5,8 trieu ddng) rinh hinh vi^c lam d phd'Da N3ng Trong nhffng nam qua, kinh td' Da Nang phdt trid'n, ngudn lao dpng doi ddo, life lifdng lao ddng tang nhanh; ty le that nghiep da giam lien tuc tff nhieu nam nhflng van cdn khd cao so cd nifdc Nam 2019, theo ket qud dieu tra ve Iao dpng vide lam (LDVL) thi ty Id that nghiep tudi Iao ddng tinh ehung toan thdnh phd'la 3,97%, dd rieng khu vifc thi la 4,16% vd ndng thon Id 2,64% (Bang 3) Theo ghi nhan cua Cue Thong ke Da Ndng, thang 9/2019 trdn dia bdn thdnh phd'Dd Ndng, ngffdi that nghiep rdi vdo lffa tudi tff 18-29 tudi Cd khoang hdn 60% ngffdi tha't nghiep tre tudi tff 20-29, nhdm ddn sd" chi chid'm 22% tdng dan so tff 15 tudi trd len Trong dd, nhdm tudi cd so ngffdi thd^t nghiep cao nhat la 2024 tudi, Nhdm tudi tre nhd't la 18-20 tudi cd ti le that nghidp gin 14% Lao dpng cd viec l^m tiep tuc tang, ed cd'u lao ddng chuyen dich nhanh Tuy nhien, cdng viec ddi hdi ky nang cdn han che', lao ddng lam khu vffc tif san tff tieu khu vifc ndng, 1dm nghidp va thuy sdn vln chid'm ty le tffdng dd'i cao Cd ca'u lao ddng ti^p tuc chuyen dich nhanh theo hffdng giam ty trpng lao dpng khu vffe ndng, 1dm nghiep va thiiy sdn, tSng ty trpng cdng nghidp va dich vu Udc tinh quy IV, lao ddng khu vffc ndng, lam nghiep va thuy san Id 18,6 tridu ngffdi; khu vifc dich vu gan 20 trieu ngffdi, khu vffc cdng nghiep Bang C d c d u lao d p n g c viec Idm theo nhom nganh kinh te (3) Ddn vj tinh: % Nam 2019 Nam 2018 Quy! Quy II Quy III thang diu nim Ndng nghiep 3,62 2,87 2,41 1,97 2,42 Cdng nghiep xSy dung 30,73 27,59 31,84 29,74 29,71 Thuong mai, djch vu 65,66 69,64 65,75 68,29 67,38 Nguon: Cue Thd'ng U ihdnh plw Bi Ning So 17-Thang 7/2020 QUAN TRj-QUANLY va xdy dffng Id 16,5 tridu ngffdL Tdng sd' lao ddng ttf 15 tudi trd len dang 1dm vide, cd gdn trieu lao dpng dang lam cac cdng vide tff sdn tff tidu khu vife ndng, lam nghidp vd thuy sdn, ehid'm 7,3% lao ddng cd vide 1dm, da so' d ndng thdn vd khdng CO tnnh dp chuydn mdn ky thudt, thdm ehi 10% sd'dd c6n chffa tffng bao gid di hoe Nhffng vd'n de c^n quan tam Qua phan tich ve nhffng yeu td' cd ban trdn thi tnfdng lao dpng Da Nang thi lao ddng cung cdu vd gid cd da dat d mdt mffc nha't dinh Tuy nhien, van tdn tai mdt so vd'n de can quan tdm la: Mat can bang giffa cung va clu thi trffdng Iao ddng; Tinh trang vide 1dm cdn mang tinh thdi vu, chffa bdn vffng; Ch^t Iffdng lao ddng ehffa dap ffng dffdc nhu cau; Chinh sach ve tidn lffdng cho ngffdi lao dpng van chffa thda ddng; Nhieu nganh nghe dao tao chffa dap ffng dffdc nhu cau thi trffdng; Sdlao ddng chffa qua ddo tao nghe cao, ddn den finh trang chffa tim dffdc vide 1dm cao 4.1 Nguyen nhdn Vd khdch quan, td'c dp dd thi hda tang cao, didn nhanh chdng; mdt sd' nganh nghd truyen thdng bi thu hep, ddn tdi nhidu lao ddng bi md't vide 1dm; viec di chuyen lao ddng tff cac dia phffOng khae ve thdnh phd' tim kid'm vide 1dm; trinh dp hpc van ciia ngffdi lao ddng chffa ddp ffng dffdc nhu cau cua doanh nghidp de Ve chu quan, cd ehd', ehinh sdeh thi tnfdng mdi, chffa ddng bd; thdng tin ve thi trffdng lao ddng cdn han che'; dieu kien Iao ddng d mdt so' doanh nghiep chffa dffdc dam bdo 4.2 Binh kudng gidi phdp cdi thi^n thi trUdng lao dgng vd tao viec lam tren dia hdn thdnh Da Ndng Mdt la, tap trung giai quye't dan tinh md't can doi cung - cau ve lao ddng bang cde gai phap phat trien kinh td', khuye'n khich dau tff thdng qua vide quy hoaeh phat trien kinh td', ndng cao vd giff vffng vj tri vd chi sd' nang life canh tranh, cd chinh sdeh khuyd'n khich vd edc didu kien eho doanh nghiep c6 ky thudt, cdng nghd cao va cac ngdnh kinh te' mui nhpn; md rdng va nang cao chat Iffdng vffdn ffdm doanh nghiep tao mdt thi trffdng cau lao ddng phong phii, tao nhieu chd 1dm vide mdi Hai la, xay dffng va td chffc tridn khai thffc hien chinh sdeh phdt trien thdng tin thi trffdng lao ddng; Thu thap thong tin ngudn Iao ddng tff cac dia phffdng trdn dia bdn phd; Thu thdp thdng Un cau lao ddng tff cac doanh nghidp, cac hidp hdi doanh nghiep va cac td chffc dai dien cho ngffdi siJ dung lao ddng Cd kd hoach dff bdo ve thi tnfdng lao dpng nhdm cung ca'p thdng tin cho doanh nghidp va cae ed sd ddo tao Ba la, quy hoach mang Iffdi dao tao nghe nghiep, mang Iffdi dieh vu viec lam; Gidi quye't td't bao hiem tha't nghiep, chii trpng tieu chi tai ddo tao vk dffa lao ddng trd lai thi trffdng lao dpng nhanh va kd't nd'i nhffng ngffdi dffdc ddo tao xong gia nhap thi trffdng lao ddng Bdn la tang cffdng cdng tac quan ly va cd nhffng chinh sach phii hdp, du tidn nhffng linh vffc phu trd eho khu vffc kinh te chinh thffc phat trien ben vffng Ke't luan Da Ndng la mdt nhffng tmng tdm kinh td - xa hpi Idn cua mien Trung Sff phat trien thi trffdng sffe lao ddng gdp phan thuc day tang tnfdng kinh td', vdi vi tri dia ly thudn ldi la hdnh lang kinh te'Ddng - Tdy da tao dieu kidn cho phd'phat tridn ve thffdng mai, dich vu du lich, thu hiit dau tff, giai quye't viec lam cho ngffdi Iao ddng, hdp tde giao due dao tao, ndng cao cha't Iffdng ngudn lao ddng Tuy nhien, thj trffdng su'c lao ddng d Da Nang vdn cdn nhieu bd't cap gifla cde yd'u td thj trffdng nhff sff md't can dd'i gifla cung - cau lao dpng; chuyen dich cd can lao ddng bd't hdp ly; tien Iffdng, tien cdng chffa dffpc xem la vd'n de canh tranh Chinh vi vdy, thdi gian tdi, phd' Da Ndng can phai cd nhflng chinh sach hffu hieu de didu tid't cung - cau lao ddng cho phii hdp, tao nhieu viec lam de ndng cao doi sd'ng vdt cha't va tinh than cho ngffdi lao ddng, giam ty Id tha't nghidp; chuyen dieh cd cd'u kinh te dung hffdng de thue da'y nhanh ed ca'u lao ddng hdp ly, kich eau lao ddng, ddng thdi ndng cao sd' Iffdng vd cha't Iffdng Iao ddng, da dang hda giao dich vide lam, thdng tin thi trffdng lao dpng, thu hiit cac thdnh phan kinh td' tham gia phat trien thj trffdng sffe lao ddng dffdi vai trd qudn ly ciia nha nffde • So 17-Thang 7/2020 233 TAPCHiCQN6THtf0NG TAI LI^U THAM KHAO: Vidn Nghien cffu Kinh te xa hgi thSnh pho'Da Ndng htlp://www.gso.gov.vn/ http://www.mpi.gov.vn htlp://www.danangcity.gov.vn/ Ngay nhan bai: 7/6/2020 Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chifa: 17/6/2020 Ngay chd'p nhSn ddng bai: 27/6/2020 Thong tin tdc gid: D V A N TINH Dai hpc Duy TSn, Da Ndng THE LABOUR MARKET AND EMPLOYMENT SITUATION IN DA NANG CITY • DO VAN TINH Duy Tan University, Da Nang City ABSTRACT: Unemployment, job creation and labor market policies are urgent issues in Da Nang City as the city is in the process of transforming into a smart city and is gradually innovating itself in order to improve both the material and spiritual life for its residents The development of the labor market is an objective factor and the labor market creates a favorable basis for the economy to effectively run However, Da Nang City's labour market still has many inadequacies such as the imbalance between the labour supply and labour demand and the mappropriate labour restructuring progress Besides the labour market issue, the unemployment and job creation policies are also a matter of urgent concern for Da Nang City Therefore, the article analyzes die current situation of the labor market and employment in Da Nang City, thereby offering solutions to improve the labor market and create more jobs in Da Nang City Keywords: Unemployment, employment pohcies, labor market, Da Nang City ... tudi Iao ddng van co kha nang lao dpng va tim viee lam Day Id mpt so nguon cung lao ddng bd sung cho phai iridn kinh te - xa hpi cua phd Ty le lao ddng qua dao tao lao ddng Da Ndng se tang tif... ngudn lao ddng Tuy nhien, thj trffdng su'c lao ddng d Da Nang vdn cdn nhieu bd't cap gifla cde yd'u td thj trffdng nhff sff md't can dd'i gifla cung - cau lao dpng; chuyen dich cd can lao ddng... chuc nghin lao ddng du'dc dao tao ngan han vd dao tao lai Ty le lao ddng qua dao tao hOn 55% (cd ntfdc 51%) qua ddo tao nghe 45% (toan qud'e 38%) Tuy nhidn, dao tao khdng gan vdi cd cd'u lao dpng