Tri thức địa phương trong sử dụng đất canh tác để phát triển kinh tế của người tày tỉnh tuyên quang

TRI THirC DIA PHl/ONG TRONG SlT DUNG DAT CANH TAC DE P H A T TRIEN KINH TE CUA NGU^Ol TAY TINH TUYEN QUANG NGUYEN THI SONG HA'*' NGUYEN THI HOA'"' Tom tdt: Tri thic dia phUOng (Local Knowledge) hay tn thUc dan gian li nhiing hiiu biet, kinh nghiem cua mot cdng dong ngUOi nhSft dinh dUOc tich luy, chgn lgc vk trao truyen tit the'he nky sang thi'hg khac, duac coi la phuang thUc ling xd, la dkc tinh thich nghi vdi nhUng dieu kien sinh thai nhan vkn cua moi cdng dong tdc ngUai Bai viet tim hieu ve viec sd dung tri thUc dia phUOng cun ngUdi Tay a Tuyen Quang vi$c sd dung dk't de phat trien kmh te; bdi canb Ung dung khoa hgc k^ thuit dang ph6biS'n d hdu het cac tgc ngUdi thieu so bai viet co nbUng danh gia budc diu ve sU chuyen bien nky cua ngUdi Tiiy d Tuyen Quang, cung ck'p cai nhin khach quan ddi vdi viec chgn lUa cua cdng dong viec bao ton, giU gin ban skc vkn bda toe ngUdi giai doan hien Tit khoa: Tn thUc din gian sd dung diit; phat tnen kinh te; nguai Tky Abstract: local knowledge or folk knowledge is the insights and experiences of a certain community accumulated, selected and transmitted from one generation to another It is the mode of conduct and adaptive features in response to the ecological conditions The paper explored the use of local knowledge of Tky people in Tuyen Quang in land use for economic development As ethnic minorities are increasingly applying science and technology, the article evaluated shifts in technological application of ethnic Tay in Tuyen Quang, providing an objective view on communal choice in preserving ethnic cultural identity in the current period Key words: Folk knowledge in land use; economic development; Tky people Ngky nh&n bki: 12/02/2020; Ngay sda bai: 15/3/2020; Ngky duyet d&ng bai: 07/6/2020 Mdf dau cdng ddng tdc ngfldi tbieu so' ed dfin sd' Viet Nam ndi chung, Tuyen Quang ndi ddng, efl trfl lfiu ddi va ed ddi sd'ng vfin rieng la vung da't vdi nhieu dac thu ve hda phong phfl vdi nbieu kinh nghiera dieu kien tfl nhien, kinh te, xa hdi, ddng lao dpng, san xua't Hoat ddng sinh thdi la dia ban cfl tru eua ra't nhieu cfic ke eiia ngfldi Tay pbu thudc nhieu vfio dan tde thieu so' Moi mot tpc ngfldi, theo trinh dp pbfit trien eiia cdng ddng dfi tao nen nhflng p h o n g t u c , t a p q u a n -.,., , , ' -.' t r u y e n t h d n g p h o n g p h u ve s a n x u a t m a n g d a m b a n sfic v a n bda, t r o n g dd cd tri thfic d i a p h a d n g t r o n g sii d u n g tai • , ^ nguyen dat O Tuyen Quang, Tay lfi mdt S6 7-2120 ,.> PGS.TS HOC vien Khoa hoc xa hoi; Email: nguyensonghal6@gmail.com '**' ThS Hoc vien Khoa hoc xa hoi; ^^^^ hoanguyenbck50ggmail.com Bin Vic, d sO dung ket qua nghien ciiu thuoc de tai cap Nh.i M*^^ B.en d6i van h6a cua cac dan tpc th.^u Nhang vkn de dat va giai phap thdi gian Wi Mas^CTDTii.i7/i6-20 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOt Q TRI T H l ' C DIA PHUOXG TRONG SI" DUXC D.-\T dieu kien dfi't dai va phfin ldn d u a vao n g h e t r d n g lua n a d c Trong h o a t ddng s a n xufi't ngudi Tay d a biet tich luy cho rainb nhflng t n thflc dfin gian tdc ngfldi t r o n g flng xU vdi tfii n g u y e n t b i e n n h i e n , t r o n g dd ed ngudn tfii n g u y e n da't de d a m bao sinh ke dflde phfit tridn b e n vflng Tuy nhien hien dudi sfl tae dpng eua cae cbinh sfich t r o n g thdi ki doi mdi cflng vdi sfl p b a t t r i e n m a n h me eua khoa hpe ki thufit, n h i e u t r i thflc dia phfldng cua ngfldi Tay d a hi mfi't di Vi Trai q u a qua t r i n h xa> dflng vfi pi^'^' t r i e n , bfing sflc lao ddng cfin cfl dan 0*^ Tfiy dfi k h d n g ngflng cai t^o tfl nbien, bien nbflng ddi cfin, nui h o a n g gd ^^^> d a m lay t h a n b cac t r a n rudng c a n h ddng, ao efi, vfldn cay p h u c vu ddi s o n g eon ngfldi NgUdi Tfiy d da\- sdng cbu yeu b a n g phfldng thflc t r d n g trpt c h a n nudi, e a n h t a c nUdng rfiy tfl ngudn da't rflng tfl n h i e n d a t m a u md, t h i c h hdp vdi tflng loai eay t r d n g nbfl lua, ngd, k h o a i , sfin, l^c, vflng Ngudi Tay d T u y e n Q u a n g ed h e thd'ng ve tri thfle d a n gian vd ciing p h o n g p h u nhflng tri thfle d a n gian eiia ngfldi Tay h e n q u a n de'n mpi h o a t dpng ciia ddi sd'ng tinh Tuyen Q u a n g t r o n g sii d u n g tfii xa bdi nhfl: Lfla ebon ndi cfl t r u ; dflng nhfi; nguyen dfi't eanh tac cung cfi'p efii n h i n dfl bfio thdi tiet; t i n h t o a n thdi v u gieo khfich q u a n t r o n g viee lfla ebon eac gia trdng Cu t h e : Ve k i n h n g h i e m gieo t r d n g vfin hda eiia tdc ngfldi t r o n g bd'i c a n h ddi gfin vdi thdi thie't vfi mfla vu, ngfldi Tay mdi va hdi n h a p cho rfing: Mfla Xuan, thdi tiet a m fldt, t h u a n ldi de cay t r d n g p h a t t r i e n , dfiy K h a i q u a t v e ngflcrt T a y d t i n h eung lfi tbdi vu t r d n g cac loai eay Ifldng Tuyen Quang thfle ngfin va bfit d^u p h a t nfldng, Dan tpc Tay la mdt cpng ddng thudc cay vd de e h u ^ n vi cho mfla vu c h i n h M u a ngdn ngfl Tfiy - Thfii (ngfl he Thai - Ka Ha, thdi tiet khd, ndng, mfla n h i e u thufin dai) cd dan sd' ddng nhfi't cfic dfin tpc ldi cho s a n xua't nong nghiep, day eung lfi thieu so' P mien Bac nfldc ta Theo Bao cao mfla vu s a n xufi't ehinh M u a T h u lfi m u a tong dieu tra dan so' va n h a nam 2019 t h u hoach va eung la mfla vfio rflng s a n dan tdc Tay thupc nhdm dan tdc ed dan bfit M u a Ddng thdi tiet khd l a n h , la mfla sd tren 01 trieu ngudi (gdm: Tay Thai, cfldi xin, sfla s a n g lai nhfi cfla c u a cac gia MUdng Mdng Khmer; Xung); dd, dinh'''' Dd'i vdi k i n h nghiem sfl d u n g dfi't, dfin tdc Tay cd dan so' ddng nha't vdi 1,85 t h e bfii viet thflc hien nbfim k h a i q u a t trieu ngUdi*" Dan tdc Tay sdng cbu ye'u d cae t i n h Trung du vfi mien nui phia Bfic Tai Tuyen Quang, dan so dfin tpc Tfiy la 20n 624 ngfldi*^' - dfin sd' ldn thfl hai tinh, sau dfin tdc Kinh Hp cuu t n i d nhiing k h u vflc t h a p tai t a t ca cac huyen, thfinh phd' tinb n h u n g tfip t r u n g ddng nha't la huyen Chiem Hda Xa Hang, Lam Binh"* Q NHAN L^C KHOA HOC XA HOI '» Tong cue Thong ke, Thong cao bao chl Ke't qua Tdhg dieu tra dan so vk nhk d ndm 2019http://tongdieutradan80.vn/thong-cao-bao-chi-ketqua -tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-na m -2019 html ''' Cue Thong ke Tuyen Quang, digu tra dan so tinh Tuy§n Quang tinh den ngiy 01/4/20l