Q U A N TBI KINH DOANH TAC DONG CUA THUC T I I N QUAN TR! NGUON NHAN LUC DEN SU HAI LONG CONG VIEC VA CAM KET TO CHLTC: TRUCJNG HOP CAC DOANH NGHIEP CHE BIEN THUY SAN TAI DONG BANG SONG COU LONG Nguyen Thanh Hun^ Trwotig Dgi hoc Tra Vinh Email: thanhhungtvu@gmail.com Dyp-ng Thi Tuvit Anh TVwdng Dgi hoc Tra Vinh Email: tuyetanh@tvu.edu.vn Lam Thi Mv Lan Tru'dng Dai hoc Tra Vinh Email: ltmlanbt@gmail.com t^gay nhan: 12/02/2019 Ngay nhan lai: 06/03/2019 Ngiiy duyet dang: 12/30/2019 ^^^Wghien cm nhdm ddnh gtd dnh hu&ng cita thuc lien qudn tri ngudn nhdn luc din ^mk f^di long vd cam kel to chiec cdc doanh nghiep che bien fhiiy sdn thong qua nhdn thiec tie ngu&i lao dpng doanh nghiep Mdu nghien cuu duac khdo sdl tie 289 nhdn vien vd qudn ly dang Idm viec tgi doanh nghiep Phuang phap cdn bdng cdu true luyen tinh (SEM) duac thue hien de phdn lich cdc nhdn to md hinh nghien cuu Ke't qua nghien cieit cho ihdy thiec tien qudn tri nguon nhdn luv co dnh hu&ng tich eiec true tiep den suhdi long cong viec vd cam ket td chiic, sie hdi long cong viec eo tdc dpng dieang den cam ket to chiec Tit khoa; thiec lien qudn fri ngudn nhdn luv, hdi long eong viec, cam kef to chiic I Gio'i thi6u 1994) Su gia tang tam quan cua ngudn Ngudn nhan luc duge xem nhu la mdt nhan lue duac the bien rod ca yeu td; Cung nhung yeu td quan trgng nhat eua cac va eau ciia thi trudng lao ddng Trude su phat doanh nghiep hien Ci cip vT md, theo trien ciia kinh te tri thirc, cac edng ty dang ly thuyet tang trudng ngi sinh da cho thay su gap nhieu thach thue viec dao tao nhan tich luy von ngudi ciu yeu td vien cho mot tbi trudng lao dgng dae trung chinh cho tang trudng kinh tl vT md (Mankiw bdi tinh trang lao ddng thieu trinh do, them va cong su, 1990) eip vi md, ngudn vao dd nin kinh te tri thuc cung duge dac nhan luc duge xem nhu la nguon cung irng trung bdi su phat trien va canh tranh I6n cho su tri lgi tbl canh tranh eho cac cang tang cua eac doanh nghiep (Audretsch doanh nghiep tu nhan (Wright va cdng sy, and Thurik, 2001) Do do, viec tang cudng — So 127/2019 khoa hoc ^ *'"^'*"''"'^' *1 ^ U A N TBI KINH D O A N H J cong tac quan tri ngudn nhan luc (HRM) la mdt nhung yeu cau can thiet va cap bach cac doanh nghiep hien nay, la quan ban so vdi quan tri cac ngudn canh tranh khac vi ngudi sir dyng cac tai san ciia cdng ty, tao kha nang eanh tranh va giiip eong ty dat duge muc tieu mong mudn Do do, eae doanh nghiep can phai bilu duge nhirng mong dgi tu luc luong lao dong eua minh, eh^ng ban nhu nhung mong mudn vl thim quyen, sy hap tac cua nhan vien vdi nha quan tri, hop tae giira nhan vien vdi nhan vien, sy the hien ky nang cua ngudi lao dong, su hai Idng va sy cam ket, thai va sy hien dien, hanh vi cua nhan vien HRM giiip thuc hien duac eac muc tieu cua nhan vien gin vdi mue tieu eua td chue, eung cap vl nhttng ky vong duoc xac dinh thdng nhat vl nhirng gi dy kiln se lam, nhung ky nang dy kiln se cd, hanh vi du kien thue hien (Armstrong, 2014) Lado and Wilson (1994) xae dinh HRM la mot he thong, mdt tap hop rieng biet cac phin lien quan den cac boat ddng, chirc nang, quy trinh duge hudng vao viec thu hut, phat trien va tri ngudn nhan luc Tuy nhien, tiiy theo dae diem nganh nghe, van hda tirng khu vye hay mue dieh nghien cuu ma cac phan ludng thyc tien HRM duge the hien khac nhau, dieu the hien qua eae nghien cuu ciia Pfeffer (1998), Singh (2004), Guest (1997) Tai Viet Nam, cac nghien cuu ve ludng thuc tien HRM da phan tap trung cac doanh nghiep nhd va vira it thay nghien ciru ve su tac dong cua thyc tien HRM den su hai Idng va cam ket td chuc ehuyen nganh cu the, dac biet la nganh che bien thuy san Bai viet nham kiem dinh mdi quan he giCra muc thyc bien HRM., su hai long cdng viee, gan ket td chue Qac doanh nghiep khoa hoc thirongma chi biln thuy san tai khu vuc Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long Cosdly thuyit va mo hinh nghien cuu 1.2 Ct/sd'ly thuyit Thuc tiin HRM Sehuler and Jaekson (1987) eho rang thuc tiln HRM la mdt qua trinh nhim thu hut, phat triin, thiie diy va tri nhan vien de dam bao thue hien cdng viec dat bieu qua va hoan tdt muc tieu cua td ehCrc Ben canh do, thyc tien HRM cung duac dinh nghTa la mpt tap hgp eae chinh sach ndi bd duge thiet kl va thyc hien nhSm dam bao ngudn nhan luc ddng gdp vao viec dat duge eac muc tieu kinh doanh cua td cbire (Delery & Doty, 1996), Nd duac xem nhu la mdt chirc nang quan trgng boat ddng mdt td chitc, bao gdm tuyin dung, dai ngd, phat trien lien quan din cac to chirc, an toan, thiic day nhan vien, ebam sdc sire khde, chia se thdng tin va dao tao, quan ly hieu qua tat ca eac boat ddng co lien quan den eac nhan vien va nhung each thuc giup nhan vien thuc hien cac hoat ddng de dat duge eac muc tieu cua td chirc (Jabanian & edng su, 2012) Phin Idn cac nghien ciru ve HRM duac hieu la "boat ddng quan ly nhan vien", hoat dgng ed the duge chia khia canh thue hanh hoae ky thuat (Guest va cdng sy, 2004) Chang ban, viec lua chon nhan vien (duge xem nhu la thuc hanh) cd the lien quan den kiem tra tam ly, phdng vin, danh gia (ky thuat), he thdng luong thudng cd the bao gdm chia se lgi nhuan va tra luong dua tren ket qua hoat dong (ky thuat) Thyc tiln HRM CO the duoc ky vgng thuc diy nhu'ng thudc tinh khdng the bat chudc ngudn nhan iyc, dilu giup td chuc cd duoc mdt lgi thi c&nh tranh va tang cudng hieu suit hoat dong (Huselid, 1995; Delaney and Huselid, 1996) s3T27/201t) QUAN TBI KINH DOAIiH[:;i Dya tren eac nghien cuu trudc day cd the thiy chirc nang va chinh sach thuc tiin HRM CO nhiiu khia c^nh, kit hap d^e thu nganh che bien thuy san, thyc tien HRM nghien ciru la thang da hudng, duge ludng gIm phan' tuyin dung, dao tao, danh gia, luang, dai ngd, tinh dn dinh cdng viec, khuyin khich su tham gia va ddi mdi Hai long cong viec: Su hai long cong viec duge de xuat dau tien bdi Hoppock (1935), theo do, sy hai Idng cdng vi^c CO nghia la mirc hai long ciia nhan vien hai khia eanh cua tam ly hge va sinh ly hpc vl cac yeu td mdi trudng Dd la, phan ling chii quan ciia ngudi lao ddng tham gia lam viec Sy hai Idng vdi cdng viec chii yeu dua tren nh|n thirc ciia nhan vien ve nhiing dieu ma td chirc dap ung duge nhu cau eua ho (Cranny & cong sy, 1992) Price (2000) de cap sy hai long edng viec la thai dd cam xiie cua ngudi lao ddng ddi vdi edng viec Smith va cdng su (1997) eho rang sy hai long cdng viec cd nghTa ta cam giac hoac phan iing cam xuc ciia mdt ca nhan ddi vol tat ca eac khia eanh eua cdng viec Nhan vien danh gia sy hai Idng dya tren nam eau tnic; cong viec, thu nhap, thang tien, su giam sat va dong nghiep Do do, Su hai long cong viec co nghTa la muc hai Idng hoac khong hai long cua mdt ngudi vdi tat ca cac khia canh ben hoac ben ngoai eua cdng viec (Mengue, 2013) Cant ket td chiec (cam ket cita nhdn vien): Ly thuyet ve cam kit vdi cac khai niem duac xae djnh bit dau bdi Becker "mdt ca che tao hanh vi ngudi phii hap" (Becker, 1960) Tiip theo do, Porter et al (1974) giai thich eae khai niem ve cam ket td chuc nhu la thai dp ciia nhan vien ddi vdi tap the to chuc ciia hg va xac dinh them cam ket So 127/2019 cua td chiic la "sue manh dl nhan bilt ciia mdt ca nhan ciipg tham gia vao mdt td ehirc cu the" Cam ket tl chuc ciing duac the hien nhu la mgt trang thai tam ly tao cac mdi quan he cua nhan vien ciing vdi cac td chuc va quyet dinh dl d lai hoac rdi khdi td chire (Meyer & Alien, 1991), la moi quan he tinh than gitra ngudi lao ddng va td chirc, lam giam kha nang rdi bd cac td cbire (Allen & Meyer, 1997) Cam ket nhan vien cao se de dang nam bat duac muc tieu va gia tri cua td chue minh; mdt su san Idng nd lyc cho su cdng cua td chiic; va mdt udc mudn khdng gidi ban de d lai td chiic hien (Porter, 1974) Chi cac vien cdng nhan td chire va thyc bien mgi nd luc de giiip to chirc dat hieu qua tdt thi sii'e manh cua sy cam ket hay su hai Idng cdng viec se anh hudng den muc tieu va ket qua boat dong doanh nghiep (Steers, 1977) Cau tnic cua cam ket td chirc gdm ba chilu: (1) Cam ket tinh cam de cap den tinh cam gin bd cua nhan vien, sy tham gia mdt nhan vien vi myc tieu cua td chirc; (2) Cam kit loi ich la sy san sang d lai mgt to chuc vi nhan vien cho rang minh cd nhiing khoan dau tu td chuc ma ehua the thu duge, (3) Cam ket nghTa vy la su cam kit ma mdt ngudi rin rang hg can d lai td ehiic dl thyc hien eae nghTa vu (Allen & Meyer, 1997) Thue banh FIRM true tiip anh hudng din sy hai long cdng viee eiia nhan vien va tu thuc diy cam kit ciia td ehuc (Ulrich, 1997) Tuy nhien, cac ehinh sach va thu tue ILRM gdm nhiiu khia canh Do dd, quan la cac td ehuc xac dinh vai trd ciia HRM viee quan ly lye luong lao ddng va su dung phuang thirc quan ly cho phu hgp vdi nhu cau nhan vien, khoa hoc thifdnn mai s43 QUAN TBI KINH DOANH^ Cac nghien ciiu cung cho thay su hai Idng cua edng viec va y dinh d lai td chue thdng qua su tuang tac vdi nhiing ngudi quan ly tryc tiip cung mot mdi trudng lam viee (Naumann, 1993) Trong do, thyc tiln HRM cd anh hudng tryc tiep tieh cue den sy hai Idng cdng viec eua nhan vien (Steijn, 2004) Do dd, gia thuyet: HI: Thue tiin HRM dnh hu&ng tich ciee den su hdi long cong viec Hieu suit cua nhan vien ddng mgt vai trd quan trgng viec quyet djnh sy cdng ciia cac td chuc Mdt nhung yeu td quyet dinh tien de de thu but va tri mdt ngudi nhan vien gidi, tao nang suat cao thi nhat thiet nha tuyen dung va nha quan ly nhan thirc rd mdt nhirng yeu td tien de dd chinh la cam ket cua nhan vien (Ajila & Abiola, 2004) Boxall & Purcetl (2011) cung cho rang thyc tien HRM se anh hudng hanh vi eua nhan vien, dd cam ket nhan vien la yeu td quan trgng de dat duac sy cdng td chirc Gia thuyet H2: Thuc tien HRM dnh hu&ng thudn chieu den cam ket to chiec Cac nghien ciru da chi rang nhung nhan vien hai Idng cdng viec cd xu hu'dng cam kit vdi mgt td chuc Mdi quan he gitia sy hai Idng vdi edng viec va bieu qua cdng viec khdng nhat quan gitra cac ca nhan hay giira cac cdng viec (Cooper-Hakim and Viswesvaran, 2005) Ddi vdi nhirng nhan vien cd niem tin kien dinh, manh me ve miic hai Idng ciia minh vdi cdng viec, cdn ggi la su kien djnh vl tinh cam - nhan tbirc (affective-cognitive consistency), mdi quan he giiia sy hai Idng vdi cdng viec va hieu qua cdng viee se manh ban nhieu so vdi mdi quan he tuang ty d nhiing nhan vien khdng may hai Idng vdi cdng viec ciia hg (Schleicher et al, 2004) ktioa hoc thifOngmai' Theo Tett & Meyer (1993) cho ring su hai Idng cdng viec va cam ket td chuc la hoan toan khac nhau, sy hai Idng cd tac ddng m^nh din din y dinh nghi viec eua nhan vien, cam kit td ehirc anh hudng manh den vdi su tri nhan vien tai td chirc Sy hai long cua nhan vien cd anh hudng tich cue va chat che vdi cam kit cua nhan vien (Mosadeghrad & cdng sy, 2008) Gia thuyit: H3: Su hdi long cong viec dnh hu-&ng tich cue den cam ket to chiec 2.2 Mo hinh nghien cu'U Dua tren eac nghien ciru trudc day ciia Ulrich (1997) vl tac ddng cua thyc tiln HRM den sy hai Idng cdng viec, Boxall & Purcell (2011) cho rang thuc tien HRM anh hudng den cam kettd chiic nhu nghien ciru cua Ajila & Abiola (2004), Mosadeghrad & cdng su (2008) hay nghien ciru cua (Mosadeghrad & cdng sy, 2008) ve su hai Idng anh hudng den cam ket td cbiie Tac gia de xuat md hinh nghien ciru nhu hinh 1: 2.3 Phirffng phdp nghien citu vd thu thap so lieu Mdu nghien cieu: Tabachnick va Fithdell (2001) cho rang ty le mau nghien euu tdi thieu la 5:1 (trich tir Hoang Trgng, 2008), Mau khao sat duac thu thap theo phuang phap phan tang thuan tien bang each phat phieu tra Idi va khao sat true tiep trung binh la nhan vien/doanh nghiep, tuong ung vdi 105 doanh nghiep thue tl duge khaa sat, sd phieu thu ve va sang Igc cdn lai la 289 quan sat, dam bao phii hop cbo phan tich Bang cau hdi duoc sii dung dya vao thang Likert dd (bac tuang ung mirc dp hoan toan sai/kem, bac tuang irng mirc hoan toan dung/tdt) ludng mirc dd thuc hien thyc tien HRM cua doanh nghiep, sy hai long cdng viec, cam ket td chirc thdng qua viec danh gia tryc tiep tu nhirng nhan vien So 127/2019 Hinh 1: Mo hinh nghien cieu de xudt Cdc bien Itwmg Thang thuc tien HRM: duge thiit kl tren ca sd dya tren cac thang ciia Mathis & Jackson (2011), Delery and Doty (1996); Guest et al (2003) dl danh gia mirc dd ddng y ciia eac vien doanh nghiep ddi vdi cac bien ludng ve thuc tiln HRM td chiic, gom sau phan nhu Uiyen dung va dao tgo, danh gia cdng viec, luang, thudng, tinh on dinh cdng viec, khuyin khich tham gia va ddi mdi Thang su hdi long cong viec duge phat trien dya tren thang cua Homburg va cpng su (2004), thang duoc thiit kl de t^p trung ludng sy hai Idng cdng viec CO lien quan den cac khia canh eua thuc tiln HRM Thang cam kit to chuc: dya vao thang ^0 ciia J.Allen and RMeyer (1990), dd So 127/2019 tap trung ludng khia canh cam ket ve mat tinh cam Phieang phdp nghien cim Nghien cim dinh tinh: thdng qua luge khao tai lipu, thao luan tay ddi vdi ddi tugng khao sat va lay y kien ehuyen gia nham xay dyng thang nhap Nghien cuu dinh Iwp'ng: duge thyc hi§n bing phuang phap phan tich tin cay (cronbach's alpha), phan tich nhan td kham pha (EFA) cho dinh luang sa bp va nghien ciru chinh thiic thdng qua phan tieh CFA va SEM Ket qua nghien ciiu 3.1 Phdn tich mo ta mdu nghien ciiu Trong 289 quan sat, cd 55% gidi tinh nam, 45% la nu Ve vi tri cong viec, cd 78% ia nhan vien, 22 % ngudi lao ddng cd giir chire vu quan ly Trong sd lao ddng duoc khao sat, dd tuoi tCi' 18-25 tudi chilm 22%, dd ^kfioa hoc thifOngmai J QU&N TBI KINH DOANH tren 50 lao ddng, 60% doanh nghiep cd so lugng tir 100 lao ddng trd len Tir dac dilm miu khao sat eho thay mfic dii, Ddng bing Sdng cuu Long la vung co ngudn nguyen lieu phong phu, sd lugng Idn, thuan lgi cho viec phat trien nganh cong nghiep chi biln thiiy san Tuy nhien, quy m6 va nang lyc eua cac doanh nghiep che bien vin cdn nhd, chua dap ung duge nhu eau che bien ndng, thiiy san ciia toan viing Chat lugng ngudn nhan luc van cdn nhieu yeu kem, dac biet la nhan luc lanh nghe thap so vdi mirc binh quan ca nude; viec phat trien doanh nghiep ehu yeu tbea chieu rpng, chit luang, hieu qua va kha nang canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep viing cdn ban che 3.2 Phdn tich dp tin cay cda thang tudi tir 26-35 chilm 58%, lao ddng cd tudi tren 36 tudi ehiem khoang 20% vi trinh dp: so lao ddng cd trinh dp THPT trd xudng chiem khoang 42%, 26%) lao ddng cd trinh dd tir trung cap/cao dang, lao ddng cd trinh dai hgc chiem 32% Ve sd nam lam viec tai doanh nghiep dudi nam chiem 43%, tir din 10 nam chilm 42%, 12% lao dpng da lam viec tren 10 nam va khoang 4%i tren 20 nam, Ve doanh nghiep vdi 12%i doanh nghiep hoat ddng khoang dudi nam, 41% doanh nghiep ed thai gian boat ddng tir 6-10 nam, 30% doanh nghiep boat ddng khoang tir 1020 nam, va 17% boat ddng tren 20 nam Ve quy md doanh nghiep theo sd luong lao ddng: cd 26% doanh nghiep cd quy md dudi 50 lao dpng, 14%i doanh nghiep ed sd lugng Bang 1.- Tom tdt kit qud kiem dmh dp tin cay cita Ihang BQ Klidi nipn HRMPThifc tiln HRM JOS- Hai long cong viec OC-Cam ket to clityc Nhdn So to bien Tong tin ctiy Cronbach's alpha Tong h(/p (?cj phiitfng sai trich (%) f?vcj SEL 0.782 0.782 54.5 TRA 0.805 0.807 58.2 APP 0.866 0.865 68.2 SAL 0,765 0.772 63.0 COM STA INNO 3 0.821 0.726 0.768 0.820 0.723 0,774 60.3 46.7 53.4 ]0S 0.842 0.844 57.7 Dat y§i] Dat yeu can OC 0.850 0.851 58.8 Dat yeu Nguon: Tdc gid phdti tich yd lotig hop khoa hoc w llnrmig mai So 127/2019 QUAN TBI KINH DOANH Bang cho thay khai niem phan eua thang thyc tien HRM, hai Idng cdng viec, cam kit td chirc deu cd he sd tin cay tdng hgp > gia tri Cronbach's alpha, cd tdng phuong sai trich de giai thich mirc bien thien cua dii lieu dat yeu eau Thang dat yeu cau ve tin cay va tdng phuang sai trich cho den 1.16) Dieu tbl bien sy phan phdi cua cac bien khdng leeh xa gia tri trung binh Gia tri ciia lech (kewness) va dd nhgn (kurtosis) deu nim pham vi chap nhan dupc ciia mdt phan phdi chuin (trong khoang -1 den +1 cho lech va -2 cho den +2 cua nhgn) Biiiis 2: Phdn tich p^ dn Idn cita thang SEL APP Trung binh Do lech chuan Phiwng sai 5.53 TRA 5.25 1.06 1.16 1.12 1.12 1.35 1.25 Skewness -0.84 -0.83 -0.79 Kurtosis 1.39 0.78 0.70 5.46 COM 5.32 STA 5.26 INNO 5.36 JOS 5.53 OC 5.23 1.07 1.16 1.03 0.99 0.96 1.02 1.14 1.34 1.06 0.98 0.92 1.04 -0.78 -0.62 -0.48 -0.80 -0.42 0.69 0.66 -0.08 1.77 0.41 SAL 5.92 0.99 1.17 Ngudn: Tdc gid phdn tich vd long hpp Cac hoat ddng chiic nang cua thyc tien HRM duge danh gia dya tren nhan tbire eua ngudi lao dpng doanh nghiep, cd the duge nhin thay thdng qua hinh Hau nhu ngudi lao ddng deu cbo rang cac boat ddng chiie nang cua thyc tien HRM tai cac doanh nghiep thiiy san d mirc tuang ddi cao, gia tri tmng binh nhan duoc giao ddng khoang tir 5,25 - 92 thang cip dd Cac nhan to nhan eac gia tri lan lugt giam dan nhu sau: "Tiln luang - SALA" (5 92), "Tuyin dung -SEL" (5 53), "Danh gia nhan vien APP" (5.46), "khuyen khich sy tham gia, ddi mdi - INNO (5 36) "Thudng, dai ngd - COM" (5 32), "Tinh dn dinh cdng viec - STA", "Dao tao-TRA" (5.25) Phan tich phan phdi va phan tan cua cac khai niem nghien ciru, chiing ta eung nhan thay sy sai lech khdi gia tri trung binh cua cac bien tuang ddi thap (dd lech tieu chuan chi bien ddng pham vi tir 0.96 So 127/2019 Khai niem "Su hai Idng cdng viec" cua nhan vien nhan gia tri tuong ddi eao (5.53) va "cam kit td chire" la (5 23) Phan phdi ciia biln du dieu kien cua phan phoi chuan (cac gia tri eua nhon va lech dam bao yeu cau) (hinh 2) 3.3 Phiin tich gid tri phan biet giiia cdc khdi niem Kit qua kilm dinh gia tri phan biet eae khai niem md binh tdi ban (Bang 3) tbl hien tit ea cac mdi tuong quan giira cac khai niem cd sai lech chuan dat y nghTa d 5% (P < 0.05), sy tuang quan giua tung khai niem co gia trj khac Vay, cac khai niem mo hinh tdi ban dat gia trj phan biet 3.4 Kiim dinh mo hinh ly thuyit biing SEM Kit qua SEM md binh ly thuyit ehuin hda cbo thiy Cbi-square = 1347 337, bac tu df - 798, Chi-square/df - I 688 < 3, chi s6 TLI - 0.904, CFI - 0.911 > 09 va RMSEA = ' khoa hoc thirdng mai ^ w Q U A N T B ! KINH DOANH Ket qua uoc lucmg (chuin hoa) cac tham s6 chinh cua mo hinh nghien ciiu chinh thdc ducrc trinh bay a Bang 4, cho thay cac moi quan he giiia cac khai niem mo hinh nghien ctiu chinh thuc deu co y nghia th6ng ke (p< 0,05) Ket qua uac luang chuan hoa Hinh 2; Tdm quan trpng cua cdc chuc ndng thuc tiin HRM B^ng Gid tri phdn biet cua cdc khdi niem Sd tiiefng quan HRMP HRMP JOS JOS OC OC H4 sotiiOng quan (r) Sai so' chudn _JSEi_ Gid tri loi han (CR) Pvatue 5.600 6.107 5.616 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.038 0.035 0,803 0.77 0.802 Nguon: Tdc gid phdn tich vd long hap 0.050 < 0.08 Cac gia tri tren deu dat yeu cau Nhu vay mo hinh dat muc phu hop vai dir (Bang 4) cho thay thuc tien HRM anh huang tich cue cao den su hai long cong viec ciia Heu thu thap Oj thi tnrong (Hinh 3) nhan vien doanh nghiep Bang 4.- Ket qud kiem dinh moi quan he giua cdc khdi niem mo hinh (chuan hoa) Moi quan h^ Thllc tiln HRM ^ Thuc tiln HRM "> H^i long cong vi6c "^ Vdc Hai long cong viec 0.803 0.354 Cam k6't to chiJc Cam ket to chlJc 0.518 S.E CR 0.112 0.132 9.441 0.102 5.087 3.528 *** *** « (Nguon: Tinh todn tir tdc gid) khna hnn ^ tnifong mai •CF- !^o 127/2019 — ; Q U A N TBI KINH DOANH "OCI I I OC2 I r o C 11 OC4 I @ © @ © Hinh 3; Ket qud phdn tich SEM mo hinh ly thuyet (chudn hoa) ^ 3.5 Kiem Mnh tin cay cua u&c luang y nghia thdng ke a dp tin cay 95% Vi vay, co bang Bootstrap the ket luan cac uac lugng md hmh Bang Uac luang Bootstrap vai mdu N= 600 Mo'i quan he SE SESE Mean Bias SEBias ThiTc tien HRM -> Hai long c6ng viec 0.038 0.001 0.804 0.001 0.002 Thilc tiln HRM H^i 16np cong viec "> "^ Cam ket 16' chu'c Cam k6't 16' chile 0.004 0.004 0.344 0.527 -0.01 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.126 0.125 CR 0.5 -2.0 1.8 (Ngudn: Tinh todn tie tdc gid) Bootstrap la phuang phap lay mlu lap lai CO thay the dd mau ban dau ddng vai trd la dam dong Nghien ciru su dung phuang phap Boostrap vdi sd luong mau lap [ai N= 600 Qua bang cho thay, cac m6i quan be gia thiet hong mo hinh nghien cuu eo [CR| < 2, co "56127/2019 nghien ciiu la dang tin cay Phucmg phap chirng to md hinh ly thuyet eua tac gia ed the tin cay d mau Idn ban Thao luan, ham y quan tri va ket luSn 4.1 Thao luan Nghien cu-u cbo thiy thuc riln HRM tac dgng duong din sy hai long eong viec (p = Ithoa hoc "Ihiftrng'niai =f„ ^ QUAN TB! KINH DOANH 0.803) phil hop vdi cac nghien ciru cua (Ulrich, 1997), (Ajila & Abiola, 2004) va (Boxall & Purcell, 2011), Mirc hai Idng mdi quan be thuan chieu vdi sy cam ket td ehuc (p = 0.52) tuang tu nghien cuu cua (Mosadeghrad & cdng sy, 2008), eae nghien cuu deu cbo thay su hai Idng cdng viec cung lam tang len sy gan ket cua nhan vien Thyc tien ICIM anh hudng tich cyc den cam kettd chirc (p^ 0.345), dieu phu bop vdi nghien cuu cua Whitener (2001), Chew and Chan (2008) ve mdi quan he tich cue giiia thuc tien HRM va cam ket td chuc, hay nghien cuu cua Gong va cdng su (2009) ve mdi quan he giu'a HRM va hieu suat hoat ddng eua doanh nghiep thong qua cam ket td chiic, dac trung la cam ket tinh cam Dieu cd nghTa rang cac boat ddng nhu tuyen dung, dao tao, danh gia, luang, thudng hay khuyen khich su tham gia ddi mdi doanh nghiep ed vai trd quan anh hudng tich cue den cam ket td chuc 4.2 Ham y qudn tri De nang cao sy hai Idng cdng viee, tao su cam ket td cbire nhan vien nganh che bien thuy san thdng qua boat dong HRM, thiet nghT cac doanh nghiep can chii thuc hien mdt sd boat ddng: Hoan thien he thong quan tri ndi bd thong qua viec tri va cai tiln he thong quan ly ISO Can tiep can, tri va phat trien he thdng quan ly GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices - tieu ehuan thuc hanh san xuat tdt) nham dam bao dieu kien ve sinh an toan cho san xuat, bao gdm nhtrng nguyen tac chung, nhirng quy dinh, hudng dan cac ndi dung ca ban ve dieu kien san xuat nham dam bao san pham dat chat luong va an toan GMP la mdt phan ca ban he thdng quan ly an toan thuc pham, la dieu kien tien quyet cho viec phat trien he idioa tioc = ^ = ^ ^ = „ ^ ^ = ^ = = 50 thifdngmai thdng HACCP va cac rieu chuin quan ly an toan thyc phim ISO 22000 Ddi v&i tuyin dung va ddo tgo: Cdng viec tuyin chon cin thyc hien cdng khai, co su mo ta rd rang tirng vi tri cdng tac tuyin dung Nang cao chit lucrng cho hoat ddng dao tao tai chd, dap ung yeu ciu cdng viee Cdng tae quan ly ngudn nhan luc can quan tam din hai ddi tuong lao ddng doanh nghiep nhu sau: (1) Ddi vdi lao dgng tryc tiep tao san pham can quan tam thudng xuyen den ky nang, trinh tay nghe va mirc dd thao san xuat, chu den viec tuan thu eac quy dinh, quy trinh qua trinh thye hien, dam bao thuc hien nghiem tiic eae quy djnh ve an toan lao ddng, ve sinh an toan thuc pham; (2) Doi vdi lao ddng gian tiep can nang cao trinh ve nhieu mat, thudng xuyen cap nhat tieu chuan quan ly chat luang, khoa hoc cong nghe, tiep can va phat trien nhiJ'ng san pham phil bgp thi trudng, Ben canh do, khuyen khich nhan vien tim tdi hoe hdi, am hieu them nhirng ITnh vyc khac nham tang kha nang linh boat giai quyet edng viec va de dang dam nhiem cdng viec khac can thiet thay ddi Thudng xuyen bd tri, cu nhan vien tham dy cac Idp dao tao chuyen mdn nghiep vu giiip nhan vien cap nhat kien tbirc kip thai, dap irng yeu cau cua thi tru'dng, Ddnh gid eong viee: Xay dung bd tieu chuin danh gia vl kien thuc, ky nang, trinh dd va cac tieu chi danh gia vl mue hoan cdng viee doanh nghiep, dd cin luu y din yeu td vl giai va ngudi dan tgc thieu sd Cac tieu ehi danh gia cin ro rang, cong khai, tao su cdng bing danh gia nhan vien, Ben canh dd, cin thiit xay dung kenh thdng tin phan hii va ddi thoai vdi doanh nghiep it nhat mdi nam 02 lan nham giai quyit thic mic, thao go cac kho ^ ^ So 127/2019 QUAN TB! KINH DOANH khan va nhirng khieu nai tir nhan vien, t^o hudng tich cyc den sy bai long cdng viee va mot moi trudng lam viec yen tam ddng gdp cam kit td chuc Thdng qua nghien cim la ca cho cong viec sd cbo doanh nghiep chi biln thuy san xac Chinh sach frd hcong, thie&ng: Can duo'cdinh cac quyet dinh quan tri nhim nang eao thyc hien day du, dimg thdi gian dam bao sy hai Idng cdng viee, tao sy gin bd cua miic luang phu hgp vdi vi tri cdng viec va nhan vien vdi to chirc, gdp phin thuc diy tang hop ly dat sy so sanh vdi nhiing doanh nang suat lao ddng hoat dgng san xuit nghiep khac cimg mdt loai hinh kinh che bien tbiiy san doanh Xem yeu td luang la mdt nhu:ng Thyc tien HRM doanh nghiep la yiu td tri, kem theo dd can cd he thdng khai niem da hudng gdm nhieu phin da khen thudng da dang va hgp ly nham ddng dang, nhien nghien ciru chi tap trung vien nhan vien an tam, gan bd, cdng hien phan tieh nhirng boat ddng ca ban cua HRM cong sire eho viec xay dyng va phat trien tai anh hudng den sy bai Idng cdng viec va cam doanh nghiep Can thiet xac dinh cac dinh ket td chuc, Vi vay, nghien ciru tiep theo cd bien lao dong, don gia tien luang duac soat the md rdng cac phan khae ciia HRM va dieu chinh 06 thang mdt lan cho phu hop nham danh gia mdt each toan dien ve hoat vdi tinh hinh thyc te san xuat kinh doanh ddng cua thyc tien quan tri ngudn nhan l u c * Quy che luang, thudng, ehe dm dau, nghi dudng sire, thai san Can duge duge bien Idi lieu tham khdo: theo dung quy dinh va toan dung ky han Tien edng lao ddng hgp ly, dimg nang Ajila, C and Abiola, A, (2004), luc chuyen mon giitp nhan vien phat huy bet Influence of rewards on workers performance kha nang cua minh, In an organization Journal of Social Science, Khuyen khich iham gia doi m&l: Da dangVol No l,pp, 7-12 Allen, N.J and Meyer, J.R (1997), hoa viec khuyen khich nhan vien tham gia ddng gdp cho cac quy dinh, quy trinh Commitment in the workplace: Theory doanh nghiep vdi muc tieu la dam bao research and application Thousand Oaks Armstrong, M (2014), A Handbook of su cai tien chat lugng, nang cao sy ddng gdp ciia ngudi lao ddng ddi vdi doanh nghiep Human Resource Management Practice, viec eai thien hieu suat hoat ddng thdng Human Resource Management, available qua viec eai tien each thuc quan ly, quy trinh at:https://doi.org/10.1007/sl0551-011-ll41-l Audretsch, D,B and Thurik, R lam vi?c mang tinh hgp ly, hieu qua Cai tien mau ma chat lugng san pbam nham dap irng (2001), What's New about the New tot nhu cau cua khach hang Cd che dd khen Economy'^ Sources of Growth in the thudng kip thdi cho cac sang kiln khoa hoc, Managed and Entrepreneurial Economies, ky thuat, tiet kiem san xuat va quan ly Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol 10 No 1, pp 267-315 4.3 Kit luan Becker, H (1960), Notes on Ihe concept Nghien ciiu danh gia mpt each tdng the ve nhan thirc ciia nhan vien ddi vdi boat ddng of commitment, The American Journal of HRM doanh nghiep, ddng thdi ket qua Sociology, The American journal of kiem dinh cha thiy thue tiln HRM cd anh Sociology, Vol 66, No.i, pp 32-40 56127/2019 kiioa hoc thifdRgmai ^ 51 QUAN TBI KINH DOANH Boxall, R and Purcell, J (2011), Strategy and Human Resource Management, " " ed., Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 7, Chew, J and Chan, C.C.A (2008), Human resource practices, organizational commitment and intention lo stay International Journal of Manpower, Vol 29 N a 6, pp, 503-522 Cooper-Hakim, A and Viswesvaran, C (2005), The eonstruet of work commitment: testing an integfafive fi-amework Psychological Bulletin, American Psychological Association, Vol 131 No 2, p 241 Cranny, C.J., Smith, RC and Stone, E, (1992), Job Satisfaction: How People Feel about Their Jobs, Wiley Online Library 10 Delaney, J T and Huselid, M A (1995), The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance Academy of Management Journal, Vol 39 No 4, pp, 949-969 11 Delery, J.E, and Doty, D.H (1996), Modes of theorizing In strategic human resource management: Tests of universahslie, contingency, and configurational performance predictions Academy of Management Journal, Vol 39 No 4, pp 802-835 12 Gong, Y., Law, K S , Chang, S and Xin, K.R (2009), Human Resources Management and Firm Performance: The Differendal Role of Managerial Affective and Continuance Commitment, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 94 No 1, pp 263-275 13 Guest, D.E (1997), Human resource management and performance: a revieM> and research agenda The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol No, 3, pp 263-276 52 ktioa hoc ttiifdng'ma 14 Guest, D.E., Miebie, J , Conway, N and Sheehan, M (2003), Human resource management and corporate performance in the UK, British Journal of Industrial Relarions, Vol 41 No 2, pp 291-314 15 Hoang Trong (2008), Phdn Tich Die Lieu Nghien Cim Vai SPSS, NXB Thdng Ke 16 Homburg, C and Stock, R.M (2004), The Link Between Salespeople's Job Satisfaction and Customer Business-to-Business Satisfaction in a Context: A Dyadic Analysis, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol 32 No 2, pp 144-158 Summary The study aims to assess the impact of human resource management practices on organizational satisfacrion and commitment in seafood processing enterprises through the awareness of employees The research sample was surveyed from 289 employees and managers working at those enterprises The method of linear structural balance (SEM) was conducted to analyze the factors in the research model Research results show that human resource management practices have a direct positive impact on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and job satisfaction in turn has a positive impact on organizational commitment So 127/2019 ... cam ket hay su hai Idng cdng viec se anh hudng den muc tieu va ket qua boat dong doanh nghiep (Steers, 1977) Cau tnic cua cam ket td chirc gdm ba chilu: (1) Cam ket tinh cam de cap den tinh cam. .. de cap sy hai long edng viec la thai dd cam xiie cua ngudi lao ddng ddi vdi edng viec Smith va cdng su (1997) eho rang sy hai long cdng viec cd nghTa ta cam giac hoac phan iing cam xuc ciia mdt... doanh nghiep thong qua cam ket td chiic, dac trung la cam ket tinh cam Dieu cd nghTa rang cac boat ddng nhu tuyen dung, dao tao, danh gia, luang, thudng hay khuyen khich su tham gia ddi mdi doanh