Nguyin Thj Hai Le Vdn hoa biin cua ngirdi^ijiEJ^^H^:::, ©2020 Vi^n Nghien cCru An Do va T§y Nam A T^p chi Nghign cthi An OO vS Ch3u A So (92), thang 7-2020 http7/vMsas wass.gow.vn ISSN'0866-7314 Van hoa bien cua nguoi Vi§t 6" vung Nam Trung Bo duoi khia canh ton giao Nguyin Thi Hai Le Hgc vien Hdi qudn Ngdy nhgn bdi: 05/03/2020 ngdy gui phdn biin: 28/04/2020 ngdy duyit ddng: 29/06/2020 r an dung mdi truang tye nhien v&i bien ddo chiim uu thi mdt bd phdn nguai Viet tu din Nam Trung Bg dd lua chgn bien hu&ng biin di muu sinh, tii hinh thdnh nen nhiing sdc thdi vdn hda biin ddc ddo Yeu td bien nhu mgt ddu dn noi trgi, thi hiin nhieu khia cgnh vdn hoa cita ngir&i Viet nai ddy co tdn gido Cd thi noi, tnic tranh tdn gido viea da dgng, vira dgc thii cua ngu&i Viet Nam Trung Bg hinh tuang Phdt Bd Quan Am Nam Hdi Phgt gido vd Thdnh Phe-ro Cong gido CO y nghia thieng lieng Id bieu tugng cho niim tin vd cpi nguon cua nhirng li nghi dgc sdc Tit khda: Nam Tnmg Bp, ngudi Viet, tdn gido, vdn hda bien M&d4u Nam Trung BO gdm thdnh phd Da Ndng va cdc tinh Qudng Nam, Qudng Ngdi, Bmh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khdnh Hda, Ninh Thudn, Bmh Thudn Cac tinh, thdnh diu gidp Bien Ddng Day la khu vuc cd tdng thi tu nhi6n da dgng, song bien, dao chiem uu the vdi nhieu ddm, phd, vinh thien nhien vd hang trdm h6n dao Idn, nhd ven bd, ngodi khoi Vi vdy, yeu td bien nhu mpt ddu dn noi trpi, tbi hien ttong nhieu khia cgnh via hda cua ngudi Vipt noi day, ttong dd cd tdn gido K h ^ i niem Van hoa bien theo Trdn Ngpc Them, la: "vdn hda cd liSn quan tdi dai duong, bat ngudn tir ttong hogt dpng sdng tgo vdn hda ttong mdt thdi gian dai ciia eu ddn vung duyen hdi sdng ttong su tuang tdc true tiep vdi bien, hinh thdnh bdi tdc dpng cua cdc tuc Ip bien, cac gid tri vd cac bieu tugng vdn hda hihi hinh vd v6 hinh khdc" (Trdn Ngpc Th6m, 2012) 7o« gido theo Dieu 2, Chuong I, Ludt Tin ngudng, Ton giao dugc Qudc hgi nude Cpng hda X2 hpi Chii nghia Vipt Nam tiiong qua ngdy 18/11/2016 la nilm tin cua ngudi tdn tgi vdi hp thdng quan mem vd hogt dpng bao gdm ddi tugng tdn thd, gido ly, giao lugt, ll nghi vd td chuc" (Qudc hpi, 2016) * hailenhatrang@gman.com Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A Sl - 2020, tt.74-f Nguyin Thi Hdi Le Vdn hda biin ciia ngu&i Viet & v Cac ylu t6 van hoa biln ton gi^o cua ngu-M Viet of Nam Trung Bo Cd thi ndi, chinh dilu kien muu sinh bien, dao phong phu tai nguyen song cung ldm thdch thiic da Idm cho cu dan Viet vung bien, ddo Nam Trung Bp ludn cd tdm ly bat an, can vien din phep mdu mang tinh sieu nhien, thdn bi de cihi rdi cuOc sdng cua hp, dgc biet Id mdi gap viec chdng lanh Dilu ndy dugc bpc 10 rd net ttong bite ttartii van hoa ton gido vira da dgng, viia ddc thu cua ngudi Viet noi day Trong dd, tieu bilu Id nhihig nghi ll, ll hdi lien quan din Phat Ba Quan Am Nam Hdi (Phdt giao) vd Thanh Phe-ro (Cong giao) Nhiing sinh hogt tdn gido, tin ngudng ndy gdn liln vdi hogt ddng muu sutii tten biln, dnh hudng manh me din ddi sing tinh thdn cua cu ddn vd ngu ddn viing biln 2.1 Ph^t gido va tin ngu&ng th& Quan Am Nam Hdi Ddi vdi ngu ddn Viet, Phdt gido cd vai ttd ddc bipt ttong viec ciiu dO ngudi gap nan tten biln Mdt ttong nhflug bilu tugng vl su ciru khd cuu nan cua Phdt gido Id hmh tupng Phat Bd Quan Thi Am Bo Tat Danh xung Qudn Th8 Am xudt phdt tir mpt truyen thuyet cua Phgt giao, cd nghia Id: vi Bo Tat luon "nhin thdy", nghe tieng odn, dau khd cua chiing sinh va sdn sang cuu giup Ten gpi Phgt Bd Quan Am Nam Hdi chi la mpt bipt hipu cua Qudn The Am Bd Tat Thdi Phdt giao cdn thinh, nhting thuong thuyen An Dp thudng mang theo tugng Quan The Am Bd Tdt de cau nguyen eho nhiing chuyen hdi hanh dugc thudn budm xuoi gid (3 Trung Hoa xua cung vdy, theo Tg Chi Dai Tnrdng, "ddn di bien d Tnmg Qudc biet den cau: 'Nam md cdu kho ciiu nan Quan The Am Bd Tat', tten dudng di xudng phia Nam gdp mOt vung bdo td ddy hiem nguy nen Quan Am biSn Ddng ttd thdnh Quan Am Nam Hai" (Tg Chi Dai Tmdng, 2014,tt.182) Tii xa xua, ttanh, tugng ve Quan Am thudng the hien hinh anh Ngdi dung tten mdy bode cudi rdng tten thdc nude Hinh dnh Quan Am diing tten mpt hdi ddo cdu ngudi bi nan ciing bien, vi biln cd tugng ttung cho ludn hdi cua nhd Phdt Quan Am Id mOt vi Bd Tat cua Phgt gido nhung dd dan gian hda thdnh mdt nii thdn phu hp nii gidi hode ngudi di bien Tuong truyen Quan Am Bd Tdt dd gidng sinh tgi Phd Dd Son, ngoai biln khoi vung Phuc Kiln, chinh vi vdy Quan Am dupc ngudi Phuc Kiln tdn thd nhieu nhdt (Phan Thi Yin Tuylt, 2016a, tt.404-405) Tgi Viet Nam, sg tich Quan Am Nam Hai luu tiuyen ttong dan gian, gdn lien vdi cdu chuyen cdng chiia Dieu Thipn, vdn mOt Idng hgc Phdt nhung bi vua cha can ttd, giam vdo ngyc, sau dugc cuu thodt, tu hartii d nui Huang Tich vd dugc Dire Phdt thu thach nhieu !dn, cudi cung chiing qud vdi danh hipu Quan Am Nam Hdi (Thich Phap Hda, 2019) Theo suy nghi cua chung tdi, Quan Am Nam Hai chinh la Quan Am B I Tdt, dupe nhOug ngudi di biln thd cung Id sg cu the hda mpt ttong nhilu chirc ndng cim khd cuu nan cua vi Bd Tdt ndy, nhu cau: "Gid dong di biln chim thuyin/ Niem danh Bd Tat sdng tan het Hen" Sg tich Quan Am Bd Tdt da biln Quan Am ttd tiidnh vi Bo Tdt mang mdu sdc tin nguong dan gian, Tuy nhien, vdi tinh chdt khiem tdn cua Phdt giao, Bd Tdt khdng phai Idtiidn,tiidnhmd cung chi Id mOt chung sinh, nhung Id mOt chung sutii thdng hoa, tutii khilt Tgi nhiing ngdi chua vung bien tiiudng cd luih tijpng Phdt Ba Quan Ara diing nhm biln, sdn sang Crag ciiu ngu ddn gap ngn Mac du Phdt gido vdn khdng ung hp sat smh, khong ung hg ddnh bdt, buy dipt hai sdn din cgn kiet, nhung ngudi ddn tin tiidng rdng Phdt gido vditinhtiidn aiu khd cuu ngn se dp tti, ciiu giup ngudi di biln, vi vdy, hg tiiudng tac tugng Quan Am Bd Tdt vdi ten gpi Phgt Ba Nam Hdi d nhung vimg ven biln va hdi dao Trong tdm tiiuc cua ngudi Vipt, Phdt Ba Nam Hdi nhu mdt vi Thdnh Mdu vdi mdt niem ngu&ng vpng linh tiiieng Trudc mdi chuyin di biln, hp diu din tiidp huong, cdu nguyen ds chuyin di dupc may mdn, an Nghien cim An Dg va Chau A Sl - 2020,tt.74-80 75 Nguyen Thi Hdi Le Vdn hda biin cua ngtr&i_l toan vd ttd ve, hp lai mang ll vat din ta on Cung nhu cdc co sd tin nguong tdn giao khde, cac ngoi chua d vung biln dao Nam Trung BO hdu hit hudng mat biln, la chd dga tutii tiidn cua ngucn Vipt vao long, rakhoi Chiia Lutii iTng tten bdn ddo Son Trd (Da Ndng) ndi tiing linh titieng Truypn kl rdng' Vdo tiidi Minh Mgng, ddn chdi ven bien phdt hipn mdt ttrong Phdt tten bdi cdt nen da lap am thd tg Vd rdi, Ngdi Qudn The Am ciiu khd ciiu ngn xudt hi6n, cihi ngudi vugt vdngtt:^mludn, kl tir dd sdng yen bien lang, ddn chdi yen In lam dn; td dd noi day cd ten gpi Id Bai Byt, hay cdn gpi Id Cdi Phdt giua chdn trdn gian Tugng Ph?t Quan The Am dugc xem Id cao nhdt Vipt Nam, dimg tiia lung vao nui, hudng biln, ddi mat hien tii nhin xudng, mdt tay bdt dn tam mudi, tay cdm btitii nude cam ll nhu giii an buih cho nhuug ngu ddn dang vuon khai xa (Tdng Trung Kien, Xuan Son, 2019) Chua Thanh Luong d thdn My Quang (huypn Tuy An, Phu Yen) id ngdi chua cd rdt Idn cua cu dan Viet lam nghe bien Diem dOc dao ciia chiia la vat lieu xdy dgng va trang tri chu ylu bdng san ho vd gdo dua Tai ngdi chua ndy, ngu ddn dja phuang da thmh tugng Phgt Ba Quan Am bdng gd ndi len giiia biln khoi ve thd tg (Muih Nggc, 2015) Cdng trinh nhu ldi nguypn udc hda binh, cdu cho nhiing chuyen khoi bam biSn cua ngu dan dugc binh an Chiia Tir Van d phuang Cam Thudn (thdnh phd Cam Ranh, Khdnh Hda), ngdi chiia cua cu ddn vd ngu ddn bien ddc biet bdi ldi kien tnic vd vat lieu kien tnic tii bifen He thdng thdp, tugng va dgng tgi ddy dupc lam hodn toan bdng san hd vd ttang tri bdng vd dc, vd sd Vdt lipu xdy duug vd ttang tri chiia Tii Van dd phdn ndo the hien dugc sdc thai vdn hda bien cua ngudi Viet viing Tgi qudn dao Trudng Sa, chung tdi den tdt cd diem ddo thi cd diem ddo cd chua (2 diem ddo cdn l^i Id ddo chim) Dieu dd cho thay, chiia chinh Id chd dga tinh than khdng the thieu cua cu ddn tten ddo, dieu kiOn tg nhien khdc nghiet, menh mdng bien vd dgi duong Ben ttong cdc ngdi ehua thudng cd nhiing cau ddi mang dgra yeu td bien vdi y nghia sau sac: "Uy thdn biin ddo co vdn truyin/Chiia Phdt Tnr&ngSa to ", "Mdy lanh che Dong hdi, mgt tr&i cam lg tu&i Truang Sa/ Thdng tich dnh ddo xa, van co danh lam truyen Song TU", "Chiia chien simg siing nguy nga ddt Viet ndi danh lam/ Qudn ddo huy hodng chdt ngdt Bien Ddng ng&i thang cdnh"' the hien ehu quyen vd thdng diep ve long nhdn di, khat vpng h6a binh cua ngudi Viet tten ddo Chua la eho dga tinh than to Idn eua ngudi ddn tten dao va nh&ng ngudi linh dang ddng qudn tgi ddy Vi vdy, hang nam, hoat ddng cdu sieu eho cdc anh liet si vd ngu ddn gdp ngn tten viing bien Trudng Sa vdn dupc cdc chua td chitc deu dan Tgi cdc Idng/ van thd Ong Nam Hdi hay cdc co sd tin nguong khac, ngu ddn ciing phdi thd Phdt Bd Quan Am vdi dien thd rieng, thudng bd tri ben ngodi, tugng Ba hudng mat bien Chang hgn, ttong khu6n vien Van Phude Lpc, phia ben ttdi cdng vdo la tugng Phat Ba Nam Hai; khudn vien Cdc Than Long thSn Hipp Chi (xa Tdn Hdi, La Gi, Binh Thuan) cung cd tucmg Phdt Bd Nam Hdi rdt uy nghi dupc d^t tten be Idn, ngdy ngdy ngu dan den thdp huong, ddng boa; d Hdn Bd (Binh Thudn), ngoai viec thd Thien Y A Na Thanh Mdu, tucmg Phdt Ba Quan Am dugc ngu dan noi day tho vpng, bdt ngudn tu tich Chua Ba Di?u Thien ttong Phgt Giao vd ed dnh hudng Idn ttong ddi sdng tdm linh cua ngudi dan vung biln ndy Ben canh dd, rapt sd gia dinh cung lap ban thd Phdt Quan Am tgi nha Tren ghe, tan di bien ciing thudng cd ban thd Phat Ba Nam Hai Viec thdp huong, ddng le khdng chi dien ttong cdc ngdy rdm mdng mgt hdng ' Cdu ddi ghi ban chiia tten cdc ddo: ddo Trudng Sa Ldn, Song Tii Tay (tiiang 5-2016) Nghien ciiu An Dp vd Chdu A Sl - 2020 tt.74-80 Nguyin Thi Hai Le Vdn hda biin cua ngu&i Vijt & vung thdng nhu cu ddn ndng nghipp ma dugc ngu dan thuc hi$n trudc vd sau mdi chuyin khai, thgm chi ttong qud trinh lao dpng tten biln Hp thap mdt nen huang len ban thd Phdt Ba dl cdu mong butii an, may mdn, nhat la dang cd tam ttgng lo lang, bat an Trong nghian ciiu dinh lugng, khao sdt xd/phudng dilm tai Nam Trung Bp, chung tdi thu dugc cdc kit qua sau: Bang 2.1 Hinh thirc thd" ciing Phdt Bd Nam Hdi Hinh thiic S6 h$ gia dinh Hinh thirc the Phat Ba Nam Hai tai nha 21 8,8 Khong 219 91,3 35,8 Hinh thuc th6 Phat B^ Nam Hai tren ghe/tau Tylifii) Co Co 86 Khong 154 64,2 Co 112 46,7 Khong 128 53,3 Hinh thiic thd Phat B^ Nam H^i cr mieu hay nai khac Ngudn: Ket qud khdo sat de tdi "Van hda bien ciia ngudi Viet vimg Nam Trung Bd - Viet Nam", thdng 11/2016 Ket qud bdng tten cho thdy, Quan Am Nam Hdi dugc cu ddn vung bien Nam Trung BO thd ca d nhd, tien ghe, tdu va tgi cdc lang, van, dinh, chua cua cdng ddng, dia phuang Tuy nhien, hinh thuc thd tgi cdng dong la phd biln nhdt, vdi 112 hp gia dinh, chilm 46,7%; sau la hinh thuc thd cimg ttgn ghe tau vdi 86 hp gia dinh, chiem 35,8% Trong nilm tdn kinh cua ngudi Viet di bien tgi day, nai thd tg Quan Am Nam Hdi phai sgch se, ttang ttpng nen viec thd cimg chu y6u, phd bien tgi cpng ddng dam bao dugc yeu eau ndy B6n cgnh dd, hinh thuc thd cung tten ghe tdu chiitii la bieu hien rd net ve niem tm cua eon ngudi ddi vdi Quan Am Nam Hdi rjiu mpt vi thdn hg mpnh ttong cdng cuOc muu sinh nhilu nii ro kho ludng tten biln BSng 2.2 Hinh thiic thd ciing Phat B^ Nam Hai phan theo dja bdn khao s^t Dia b^n khao s^t PhlTO'C L9C So hp gia dinh Hinh thiic Hinh thiic tho Phat Ba Nam Ij^i t^i nha Hinh thCrc thir Phjt Bk Nam H^ tren ghe/tiu Hinh thuc tho Ph^t Ba Nam Ty \i (%) Binh Chau So hp gia dinh Ty le (%) T a m Quan B i e So ho gia dinh TyleW Co 13 16,3 6,3 Khong 67 83,8 75 93,8 77 96,3 3,8 46,3 C6 18 22,5 31 38,8 37 Khong 62 77,5 49 61,3 43 53,8 Co 52 65,0 30 37,5 30 37,5 Nghien cira An Dp va Chau A So - 2020, d-.74-80 Nguyin Thi Hdi Le Vdn hda biin aia ngtr&i iVi&^HlHi::: Hdi d mieu hay noi khac Khong Ngudn: Ket qua khdo sdt de tai "Vdn hda bien ciia ngudi Viet viing Nam Trung BO - ^''?^ Nam, thdng 11/2016 Bdng 2,2 tiep tuc khdng dinh hinh thiic thd ciing tgi cdng ding va tten ghe, tdu bien ban tgi ca ba dilm khdo sat Trong dd, phudng Phude Lpc (titi xa La Gi, Butii Thudn) cd sd ho gia dirtii tiid Phgt Ba Nam Hai tai nhd nhilu nhdt (13/80 ho dupc phdng vdn, chilm 16,3%); Tam Quan Bac (Hoai Nhan, Binh Djnh) cd sd hp gia duih thd cung tten ghe, tdu nhilu nhdt (37/80 hd, chilm 46,3%), dilu ndy ed the ly giai tit so lupng tau di biln hdu nhdt ttong ba dilm khdo sdt; xa Binh Chdu (Binh Son, Qudng Ngai) vd Tam Quan Bdc cd sd ho tiid cung tgi cdng ddng bdng nhau, 30/80 hp, ty Ip 37,5% Tuy nhien, cac chi sd ve hinh thirc thd cung ttgn ghe, tdu khong phdn dnh chinh xdc sd lugng ghe, tdu c6 thd Phdt Bd Nam Hdi, bdi ttong cdc hd ngu dan dugc hdi cd nhuug hp khdng sd hdu tdu thuyin Quan sat dinh tinh cho chiing tdi thdy, ngodi mdt bd phan ngu dan Cdng giao tgi La Gi thi d hai dilm khao sat cdn lai (Binh Chdu va Tam Quan Bac), hau h6t ngu ddn cd tdu thuyen danh ca deu thd Quan Am Nam Hai tten ghe, tdu Nhu vdy, ttong dong chay tin ngudng thd Mau vd Phdt gido ndi chung, Phgt Ba Nam Hai nhu mOt sg tiep ndi cda ruem tin, tin ngudng ddn gian, cd mat khdp cdc vimg bien Nam Trung Bp nhu vdng tay che chd cua ngudi Me nhan tir ddi vdi ngudi di bi6n Su cd mat ddy dde cua cdc ngdi chiia dgc cdc vung bien vd hdi dao Nam Tnmg Bp the hien tam ly bat an cua cu dan biln, md Phdt gido vd Phdt Bd Nam Hai chinh Id chi dga tinh thdn to ldn de ngudi viing tdm ban trudc sdng gid bien khoi 2.2 Cong gido vd lehgi Thdnh Phe-ro Nhiing ngudi theo Cong gido lam nghe bien d Nam Trung Bg khdng nhieu Tuy nhien, mOt sd noi nhu La Gi (Binh Thudn), Cam Ranh (Khdnh Hda) lgi tap trung nhieu gido xu va tin dd Cdng gido lam nghe bien Khdi nguIn, Thanh Phg-ro Id mpt ngudi Idm nghi chdi ludi, ttong nguy khdn da gap dugc Chiia Jesus vd dugc Chua ban eho me ludi day cd Ngdi ttd thdnh mOt ttong 12 Tdng ciia Chiia, dupc Chua d|t tgn thdnh Id PhS-ro Cd thS, dga theo tmygn tich xudt thdn cua Thanh Phe-rd Id ddn chdi nen nhieu giao xii vimg bien Nam Trung Bp thudng chgn Ngdi lam Thanh bdn mgng Tgi Binh Thuan, giao phgn Phan Thiet cd ddng gido dan lam nghe bien nhdt Thi xd La Gi cd giao xir ldn lam nghe bien vd cd Hdi lao dpng bien Phi-rd, bao gdm giao xu Tan Ly, giao xu Vinh Tdn, gido xu Thanh Xuan vd gido xu Vuih Thanh, ttong dd gido xir Tan Ly dugc lap tten 125 ndm, lau ddi nh§t ciia giao phgn Phan Thiet Mac du cdc gido xii cd cac Thanh bdn mgng khdc nhau, chi nhdt giao xii Vinh Tan cd bdn mang Thanh Phe-rd, nhung giao dan da phdn la ngu ddn, muu sinh chmh tten biln, nen cd bdn gido xii deu cd td chuc Hdi lao dgng bien Phe-rd vd deu chpn ngdy bdn mang ciia Thanh Phe-ro (ngdy 29/6 hdng nam) la thgc hien nghi thirc Ldm phep ghe, myc dich ban due tin cho tin dd ngu ddn (Phan Thi Yin Tuylt, 2016b, tt.375, 377) Nghi thiic ndy thi hipn sg thich nghi vdi nilm tin cua ngu dan ttong Cdng gido, mang ba y nghia: Mgt Id, the hiin long tdn kinh cua gido ddn ddi v&i vi Thdnh bdo trg la Thdnh Phi-rd; Hai Id the hiin long khao khdt st^ binh yin di bien cua tdt cd anh em lao dpng biin; Ba Id the hiin y nghia cdu miia, mong u&c dugc mita ddnh bdt tdt dep (Phan Thj Yin Tuylt, 2016b, tt.384) Trong Le bdn mgng Thanh Phe-rd, ngu dan thudng dat tugng Thdnh Phe-rd dugc lam bdng thgch cao hode gd (neu khdng cd tugng thi cd the dimg hinh anh ciia Thanh) len tten dau mui ghe cimg vdi hoa, Thanh gia va cdu: "Vdng l&i Thdy thd lu&i" (cdu ndi dan theo tiuyen tich cupc g^p gd giira Chiia Jesus vd Ong Nghien cihi An Dg va Chau A Sd - 2020 tt.74-80 78 Nguyin Thj Hdi Le Vdn hda bien cua ngu&i Vijt & vitng Phe-rd, lien quan din viec Chiia khuyen Ong Phe-rd cir thd lu&i xudng ben phdi mgn thuyin thi se bdt dugc cd) (Phan Thi Yin Tuylt, 2016b, tt.653) Ngodi ra, sdc tiiai vdn hda biln tgi cdc giao xu d La Gi cdn till hien r6 net ttong viec xay dgng nhimg nha thd cd hmh thuyen ddnh cd (nhd tiid gido xu Thanh Binh), tugng Thdnh An-re keo ludi ho$c hinh chile thuyin budm phia sau tupng Thdnh (nha thd giao xu Vinh Thanh) (Phan Thi Yin Tuylt, 2016b, tt.646-658) d Khdnh Hda, giao xii Ba Lang (thanh phd Nha Trang) c6 gido hp vdi khodng 1.700 gido ddn, ttong do, gido hp Nhu Xudn nhdn Thanh Phe-rd la Thdnh bdn mgng' Cam Ranh (Khdnh Hda) la phi ven biln va ddo gdn bd vdi sd ngudi ldm nghi biln tuong ddi ddng, ttong do, giao xir Ba Ngdi cd 3,070 gido ddn, gdm gido hg, rieng gido hg Phe-rd eo khoang 387 nhdn khdu - 95 hO gia dinh (giaoxugiaohoviettiam.eom) Tai phudng Cam Phuc Nam, sl ngu ddn tiiupc gido hg Phe-rd ddng nhdt vdi khodng 900 giao ddn lam nghe biln Le hgi Thdnh Phe-rd tgi day thudng tiln hartii theo eac bude chinh: Vdo ll, tgi gido xii, cha xir dang Thdnh ll, cdu nguyen eho bd ngu ddn dupe Thdy Thdnh phu hO binh an, khde mgnh vd bgi thu mua di biln Tilp sau la nghi ll tudng nhd, cdu nguypn cho nhirng ngudi dd khudt Nghi thirc Lam phep ghe, rdy nude Thdnh cau xin may mdn, binh an Id mOt ttong ba nghi thiic quan ttgng nhdt vd la nghi thuc ddc tnmg cua giao dan theo hp Phe-rd ldm nghe bien Nghi thiic diln dudi bien, noi neo dau ghe thuyin Cha xii di timg ghe de rdy nude Thdnh, ban phep Idnh Khi mdi ddng tdu cd, nghi thuc "Idm phep" (ban ddc tin) cho ghe, tau, mang lgi niem tin ve sg che chd eiia Thdnh Phe-rd cho ngu ddn di bign la mpt ngi dung quan ttpng ttong danh mgc cdc nghi lg ciia xd dao ndy Ciing nhu ngu ddn Viet d Nam Bg, nghi thdc "ldm phep" cua ngu dan Nam Tmng Bd cho thdy "su thich nghi, biin doi cua tdn gido ndy doi v&i ngu ddn tru&c su de dpa, hiem nguy nai bien cd" (Phan Thi Yen Tuyet, 2016b, tt.419), the hien idem tin vdo than thdnh cd the cuu giup hg trdnh dugc nhiing tai hga tten bien Mac dii ngudi Vi$t d Nam Trung Bd theo gido hp Thdnh Phe-rd khdng chiem sd ddng nhung cung vdi nigm tin tdn giao cua minh, hp da tao nen mgt sac thai van hda bien dpc ddo Thdnh Phe-rd Id chd dga tinh than linh thigng cua nhiing giao dan vung bien, ttdn an va nang dd tinh thdn hp ttudc nhiing thdch thuc, hiem nguy cua mdi trudng vd cdng cugc kiera sdng Nigm tin tdn giao da lam tdng them sue mgnh tinh thdn cho ngudi, nhd do, gdp phan lam day ddn them vdn hda bien cua ngudi Viet d vung bien dao Kit luan Phdt gido vd Cdng gido Id hai tdn giao chinh cua ngudi Viet d Nam Trung Bd^ Sdng va muu sutii d mdi trudng biln ddo, ngudi Viet da biet van dpng vd bien ddi cdc tdn gido de phu hgp vdi tam Iy, khdt vpng cua bdn than ttong xu thi dan tOe hda, Cac tdn gido deu hudng din su che chd, bao ttg cho sg binh ygn cua nhOug chuyin khoi, phu ho de ngu ddn dugc boi thu miia cd, tri va cuu vdt ngudi tmdc moi trudng nguy hilm, bdp benh Suy cho cimg, tui ngudng, tdn gido chutii la chd dga tinh than ciia nhimg cu ddn sdng d moi trudng thien nhien khdc nghiet, nhu B Malinowski dd ndi ttong tac phdm Ma thugt khoa hgc vd ton gido: "Bilu tugng ma thuat xudt hien eon ngudi khdng tin vdo siic mgnh cua ' Sl lipu Gido xii Ba Lang -tiianhphi Nha Trang, Khdnh Hoa cung cdp, thdngl 1/2017 ^ Theo Ly Tiing Hiiu (2018), "kit qud ting dilu tta dan sd ngdy 1/1/1999,ttongling sl tin dl ciia cac ton giao ldn CO mat d duyen hai Nam Trung Bd, tin dl Phgt giao chilm din 65,8%, kl tilp la tin dd Cong giao 25,0%" (tt.l 64) Nghign cim An Dp vd Chau A Sl - 2020, tt,74-80 7^ Nguyin Thi Hai U Vdn hda biin aia ngu&i Vjij^^^i^ni::! minh, hg vdp phdi nhiing vdn dl ma viec gidi quylt khong bin phg thuOc vdo ban thdn ngudi tiii chinh dieu dd cang bdt ngudi phdi dgt hy vgng vdo su giup dd cua rtiiiing luc lugng bi an vd phdi thgc hiOn nhirng hdnh vi ma thuat" (B Malinowski, 2006) T^i lieu tham khao Ban Tdn giao Chinh phu (2007), Vdn bdn phdp iugt Viet Nam vi tin ngu&ng tdn gido, Nxb Ton giao, HdNOi Ly Timg Hieu (2018), Vdn hoa vd tin nguong ton gido Vi^t Nam (tgp ban thao luu hdnh npi bp), Thich Phap Hoa (2019), Y nghia ba ngdy via cua Bd Tdt Qudn Thi Am 19/2 19/6 19/9, https://phatgiao.org.vn/y-nghia-ba-ngay-via-eua-bo-tat-quan-the-am-19-0219-0619-09-d35949.html, truy cap 25/5/2020 Dd Hiiu Hpp (2006a), Ton gido hoc nhdp mon, Nxb T6n gido, Hd NOi Tdng Tmng Kien, Xuan San (2019), Ve dgp chua Linh &ng San Trd nhin lie tren cao, https://baodanang.vn/Da-Nang-qua-anh/201904/ve-dep-chua-linh-ung-son-tra-nhin-m-tten-cao-3173793/-, ngdy tmy cap 25/5/2019 Luge su gido xii Ba Ngdi, http://www.giaoxugiaohovietnam.com/NhaTrang/01 -Giao-Phan-NhaTrangBaNgoi.htm, ngdy ttuy cap 19/11/20I7 Bronislaw Malinowski (2006), "Magic, Science and Religion (Ma thuat, khoa hpe va ton gido)", in ttong: HOi Khoa hoc lich sir Viet Nam, Nhung vdn de nhdn hgc tdn gido,tt.147-213,Tgp ehi Xua & nay, Nxb, Dd Ndng, Dd Nang Minh Ngpc (2015), Bi dn biic lugng Phdt trdi tren biin vd ngdi chiia dugc ldm bdng san ho https://anninhthudo.vn/the-gioi/bi-an-buc-mong-phat-ttoi-tten-bien-va-ngoi-chiia-duoc-lam-bang-sanho/611824.antd, truy cdp 25/5/2019 Qudc hOi (2016), Ludt sd 02/2016/QH14 (Lugt Tin nguong, Tdn gido), https://thuvienphapluat.vn/ van-ban/van-hoa-xa-hoi/Luat-tin-nguong-ton-giao-2016-322934.aspx, ngdy tmy cap 19/11/2017 10 Trdn Ngpc Them (2012), Vdn hoa biin ddo vd vdn hoa bien ddo & Khdnh Hda (cdi nhin Nha Trang 20 ht^://www.vanhoahoc.vn/nghien-cuu/van-hoa-viet-nani/van-hoa-ung-xu-voi-moi-truong-tu-nhieii/2186-tran-ngocthem-van-hoa-bien-dao-va-van-hoa-bien-dao-khanh-hoa.html, ngayttuycdp 10/10/2017 11 Tg Chi Dai Trudng (2014), Thdn ngu&i vd ddt Viit, Nxb Van hda Thdng tui, Hd Npi 12 Phan Thi Yen Tuyet (2016a), Dai sdng xd hdi, kinh ti, vdn hda ciia ngu ddn vd cuddn virng biin Nam Bp, Nxb Dgi hpc Qudc gia, Thanh Ho Chi Minh, 13 Phan Thi Yen Tuylt (2016b), 'T,ang chdi Cong giao d vimg duyen hdi thi xa La Gi: net doc ddo ciia van hda bien mien Trung", Ky yeu Hoi thao khoa hpc quIc gia Vdn hda ddn gian v&i vdn di biin ddo, Qudng Ngai, Hpi Van nghp dan gian - Sd Van boa Thong tin va Du lich, tt 375, 377 14 Dang Nghiem Van (2005), Ly/wflrt vi rdn g/ao va tinh hinh tdn gido a Viet Nam Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia Ha NOi Nghien cim An Dp vd Chdu A So - 2020, tt.74-80 ... de tdi "Van hda bien ciia ngudi Viet vimg Nam Trung Bd - Viet Nam" , thdng 11/2016 Ket qud bdng tten cho thdy, Quan Am Nam Hdi dugc cu ddn vung bien Nam Trung BO thd ca d nhd, tien ghe, tdu va tgi... sdt xd/phudng dilm tai Nam Trung Bp, chung tdi thu dugc cdc kit qua sau: Bang 2.1 Hinh thirc thd" ciing Phdt Bd Nam Hdi Hinh thiic S6 h$ gia dinh Hinh thirc the Phat Ba Nam Hai tai nha 21 8,8... gi^o cua ngu-M Viet of Nam Trung Bo Cd thi ndi, chinh dilu kien muu sinh bien, dao phong phu tai nguyen song cung ldm thdch thiic da Idm cho cu dan Viet vung bien, ddo Nam Trung Bp ludn cd tdm