Thông tin tài liệu
MOT SO BIEU HIEN VE TRACH NHIEM XA HOI CUA NHA TAM LY Nghien ciiu dupe tai trp bdi Qui? Phat trien Khoa hgc va COng nghe Qu6c gia (NAFOSTED) 66 tai: Nghien ctJtu thirc trang hoat dong tra giup tam ly nham xiy di/ng Bo tieu chuan Bao dire nghe nghiep cho cac nha tam /y hoc Viet Nam; Ma sd: VII.1-2013.10; GSJS Tran Thi Minh Diic lam chij nhi§m PGS.TS BOi Thi H6ng Thai Khoa Tdm ly hoc, Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hoc )(a hoi vd Nhdn vdn, Dal hoc Qudc gia Hd Npi TS Nguyen Thj Nhir Trang Khoa Xa hdi hoc, Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xd hdi vd Nhdn vdn, Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Ndi f T O M TAT Khdo sdt tren 1.070 khdch the hoc tdp vd ldm viec ITnh vuc Tdm ly hpc ve trdch nhiem xd hpi cita nhd tdm ly the hien qua ba khia cgnh phdt trien kien thuc ngdnh, ket qud ghi nhan rdng su thiic day tieu chudn cao cua ngdnh bdng cdch ddnh mpt phdn thdi gian ldm viec khong thu phi co ty le khdch the nhan thirc dung cao nhdt, tiep la suphdt trien kien thuc chuyen mon cua bdn thdn vd ngudi khdc Cuoi cimg, viec chi cdc hdnh vi chua phii hpp dgo dice co ty le khdch the nhdn thirc diing thdp nhdt Dieu ddng quan ldm la nhan thicc dimg ve hdnh vi dgo dire nghe chua hdn da ddn ddi cdc nhd ldm ly hdnh dpng dimg boi cdnh vdn hoa Viet Nam, ddc biel la lien quan den viec cong khai cdc hdnh vi chua phii hpp dgo due Tir khoa: Trdch nhiem xd hpi, Nhd tdm ly hpc; Dgo due nghe tdm ly Ngdy nhdn bdi- 6/2/2017; Ngdy duyet dang bdi: 25/2/2017 ABSTRACT Using data from questionnaire survey wilh a sample of 1.070 respondents studying and working in psychological science, this article analyzes psychologi.sls' social responsibility demonstrated by their awareness on three dimensions of improving professional knowledge Assessing the rates of psychologists who gave correct answer for each of indicators of these three dimensions, results documented the highest rale of correct answers on indicators of promoting professional standards by participation in volunteer practice (90.85%), following by developing professional knowledge for themselves and the others (80,9%) The rale of psychologists who could resist ethically wrong behaviors of their colleagues or agency is lowest (67.15%) It is noteworthy thai good awareness on professional ethics does TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So (216), -^ - 2017 not necessarily result in etUcal behavior, given Ketnamese cidWral context, especially when related to exposing unethical behaviors Key words: Social responsibility: Psychologist: Professional ethics Bat van de Ball vi trach nhiem xa hOi cua nha ttoi ly, Cowen (1973) timg cho rSng, svr tham gia va lam loi cho xa hoi 14 yiu t6 tSm dcri song nghe nghiep ciJa nha tam ly Campos (1995) nhan dmh ring, nha ttoi ly thS hi?n trach nhiem yS hoi thflng qua vi6c tham gia - nghia la nha tam ly phai cam ket vao vi& cM thien cac vSn ii xa h6i bSng each tiln hanh cac hoft dpng xS h5i dua trfin nhOng kiln thilc tSm ly; thSng qua hanh d6ng - nghia la nha tSm ly phai tim kidm va sft dimg cac can thi$p co hilu qua nhjm cai thien cac van dl xa h5i; thdng qua vi|c khong trin tranh hojc noi khfing rB rang vl nhiing van de xa hoi va nhibig vi pham vl quyen ngucri - nghia l i nha tam ly phai dap urng voi cac vSn de va vol s\r vi pham bang each siir dung nhflng kien thurc t ^ ly t6t nhSt thoi dgi ciia minh v i thdng qua viec duong dau vtiri chinh nhiJng dinh kien xa hgi, van hoa va chinh tri ciia ban than bing each nhgn tim quan trpng vl sir binh dSng cua mpi nguoi, co nhan phim, quyin, nhu ciu va phiic loi cua nguoi Trong so 14 bp quy di§u ma chiing toi tap hprp va phan tich, c6 hai xu hudng dupe the hidn r5 Xu hutmg thii nhit la trach nhiem x5 hpi dupe xdp nhu mpt nguyen tac lorn v6i cac tieu chuan, quy dieu cu the hudng dan nhiing diiu nha tim 1^ cin lam v i nguyen tac niy dupe d?t tuong duong vdi cac nguyen tic khac nhu nguydn tac tdn trpng phim gia ngudi va cong ddng, nguyen tic trach nhidm nghi nghidp hay nguyen tic lidm chinh Bd quy diiu cua Canada (CPA, 2000) danh nguyen tic IV dl ban vl trach nhiem xi hdi, bd quy dieu ciia New Zeland (NZPS, 2012) ciing dinh nguyen tic 4' dl ndi din cdng bang x i hdi v i trach nhifm x i hdi Xu huting thii hai li cic ydu ciu vl trich nhiem xa hdi duoc thd hidn nhUng quy diiu dat cac nguyen tac khic, thudng la nguyen tic trach nhidm hoac trach nhidm chuydn mdn ciia nha tam ly VI du, bd quy diiu cua Thd Nhi Ky (TPA, 2004), muc 3- Trich nhidmda ghi ro: Nhi tam ly can y thirc vl trach nhidm nghi nghiep va khoa hpc ddi vdi cia ca nhan, td chirc m i hp phuc vu v i ddi vdi xa hpi hp sdng Ciing nhu thd, muc trich nhidm bp quy diiu cua Anh (BPS, 2009), cua Ireland (PSI, 2010) hay diiu B- Trung thuc v i trach nhidm bd quy diiu cua My (APA, 2010) ciing khing dinh trach nhidm vdi xa hpi cua nhi tim ly Dii cich sap xdp khic nhung nhin chung, cic bd quy diiu thudrng nhan Viec diing sd La Ma hay s6 thudng bdi viii ndy Id tdn trgng theo cdch trinh bdy d cdc bg quy diiu dgo dice 48 TAP CHITAM LV HOC, Stf3 (216), - 2017 m^nh ddn khia canh thi hien trich nhidm x i hdi ciia nhi tim ly, li: Phit tridn kiln thiic cAa nganh, phat triin x i hdi thdng qua vide ting cudng loi ich/ khdng Ijim dung xi hpi v i su tdn trpng xa hpi Vide phit triin kien thilc ciia nginh duac nhi tam if thd hi$n qua ba khia canh Thir nhit la tang cudng kidn thilc dhuydn mon ciia bin than va nhOng ngudi khic: Nhi tam If tham gia vi ddng gdp bing each giio due thudrng xuyen cho su phit triin nghi nghidp va khoa hpc cua ban thin va ddng nghidp (Canada, dieu IV.4); Nhi tim 1^ hd trp su phat tridn ciia nhitng ngudi mdi vio nghi bing cich giiip hp cd duac su hilu bidt diy dii ve trich nhidm dsio dure v i cac ning lire can thiet cho hogt dpng chuydn mdn eiia hp (Canada, didu IV.5; New Zealand, diiu 4.4.7) Thir hai la thiie day vi tri cac tieu chuin cao nhat eiia nginh thong qua vide bio vd nhiing kiln thiic, ky nang ciia nginh khdng bj lam dung, sir dung khdng hap ly hojc bi lam vd hidu hda bdi nhihig ngudi khic (Canada, diiu rV.U, diiu IV.24, diiu IV.25; New Zealand, diiu 4.3.2, diiu 4.3.3, diiu 4.4.4; Philippin, diiu A) vi ddng gdp midn phi cho xa hdi thdng qua viec cung cap mdt phin thai gian de lim vide mi khdng cd ipi nhuan (Canada, dieu IV 12) Thiir ba li chi nhiing hinh vi thiiu dao dire: Nhi tim ly tri trich nhidm ciia nganh bing each dua nhirng hanh vi khdng d i nang luc hoac thieu dao dire, bao gdm lam dung cac kidn thirc vi ky thuat tam ly den cac co quan quan ly thich hop, suphil hpp vdi cic nguydn tic ctia bd quy dieu (Canada, didu IV 13; New Zealand, dieu 4.4.3) Ddi vdi khia canh niy, bd quy didu ctia Ireland (diiu 3.1.9) vi Philippin (dieu C) eung md rdng them: Nha tam ly ndi neu eac chinh sich, didu Id hoac cac quy dinh eiia td chirc mi hp lim vide bd qua hay ddi lap bat ky nguydn tie nio cita bd quy didu dao dire nghd nghiep Phit tridn xa hdi dupe thd hien qua viee nha tam ly tang cudng loi ich xa hdi bang each: Nhay cam vdi nhu cau, vin de ctia xa hdi xic dinh ciu hdi nghien ciru, phat ti-iln dich vu, npi dung giing day, thu thap thdng tin hoic giii thich cac ket qua nghien cilu (Canada, didu IV.20; New Zealand, didu 4.1.2) vi tranh nguy co lam dung xi hpi Cudi cting, khia canh tdn trpng xa hdi thd hidn qua hidu bidt vl van hda, ciu true x i hdi cua edng ddng: Nhi tim ly cd kiln thiirc day dit vl van hda, ciu tnic xa hdi va phong tuc cua mpt cpng ddng trude bit diu bit ky cdng vide nio d cdng ddng iy (Canada, diiu IV.15; New Zealand, diiu 4.3.4) va tdn trpng nhirng luat Id, quy dinh eua xa hpi Mac du cac bd quy dieu dao diic nghe cung cip cho cac nhi tam ly nhung chuin co bin vd trach nhidm xa hot, nhien, Davidson (2010) cho ring, bin than cae nha tam Iy cung cd trach nhidm quyit dinh xem bing cich nao, nao vi dira vio didu gi hp phai hinh ddng dl hoan trich nhidm ctia ban than ddi vdi xa hpi Mdt thich thitc hidn d Viet Nam la chiing ta TAP CHI TAM Lf HOG, Sfi (216), - 2017 49 chua cd nhirng hudng din chttih thirc vl dao dire nghi nghidp cho cic nha tim ly thuc hanh Vi vay y niem vl dao dire nghi nghiep vi vide thirc hinh hinh vi dao dure phin Idn cic ci nhan hanh nghi tu nhan thirc thdng qua vide hpc tap, tham khao tir ddng nghidp, tir td chirc, tir cic tai lieu nuoc ngoii cd lidn quan hoic tir vice dupe dao tao tai Dai hpc (luy nhidn, sd kha khiem tdn vi khdng phai ca sd dao lao nao cung cd mdn hpc Dao dire nghe Tam ly) TCr gdc dp xa hdi, nhifng trach nhidm xa hdi ciia nha tam ly ciing it dupe de cap ddn cac nghidn ciiu hay cac thao luan tai I Idi thao khoa hpc chuyen nganh Do dd, hilu bidt va thirc hidn trach nhiern xa hdi hoan loan phu thupc vao y thilc ca nhan cita nha tam Iy Irong bdi canh dd, bii bao se tap trung phan tich va lam rd nhan thirc ciia nhiing ngudi dang hpc tap v i lam vice ITnh vuc Tam ly hpc ve trach nhiem xa hdi ctia nha tani ly the hidn qua ba khia canh phat tridn kien thirc nganh neu trdn Phuong phap nghien cu-u Nghien ciru dupe tien hanh tren 1.070 khach the d phd la: 11a Noi (30.1%) Hul (24.1%), Da Ning (22.7%) va phd Hd Chi Minh (23,1%) Cac khach the bao gdm sinh vicn nganh Tam Iy hgc (50.6%), giang vicn (33,2%) nha nghidn ciru (5.2%) va nha tam Iy thtre hanh (11%) vdi ly Id gidi tinh la 24.3% nam va 75,7% nir Tudi cita khach the nghien ciru dao ddng tir 20 tudi ddn 65 ludi, vdi tudi trung binh chung la 29.33 Bang hdi gdm 96 linh hudng lien quan don van dc dao dire dupe sir diing nham danh gia hieu bict ctia khach the vc dao due hanh nghe Vi vin dl dao diic chi co dung hoac sai nen cac linh hudng cting dirpc xay dimg ihco ciich dc khiich the lira chon vao phirong an tra Idi la dung hoac sai Bai bao la kct qua duoc rut tir vice phan tich tinh hudng dao dtrc cd lien quan din triich nhiem xa hpi ciia nha tiim ly hpc Ngoai nghien ciru cung thirc hien 30 phong van sau tren khach the lit nha lam h' thirc hiinh giang vicn lam Iy va bac si tam than Ciic sd lieu dinh lupng chit yeu dupe khai thac qua phep thiing kc md ta dua \-ao giii tri phan IraiTi nhiim chi thirc Irang nhan thirc ctia nhtrng nguoi hpc vii linn vice ITnh vuc Tiim ly hoc vl trach nhiem xii hpi cita nha tiim ly Kct qua nghien ciru Nhu dii trinh bii\' o tren str phat trien kiln thirc nganh dugc thi hien qua \ ice nhii tiim Ij tiing cuong kien thirc chuydn mdn ctia ban than \'a nhfrng ngudi Iam \ ice cimg ITnh virc qua vice tri cite tieu chuin cao nhiit ctia nganh va chi nhfrng hanh vi thieu dao dire hoal dpng nghi nghiep Nhiin thirc \c triich nhiem phiil Iricn kien thirc ngiinh duoc trinh biiy d bang 5t.) TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (2 16), - 2017 Bang I: Nhdn thirc vi.trdch nhiim phat trien kiin thiic ngdnh eda nhd tdm ly Sai Cac khia canh cua phdt trien kiln thirc ngiknh S6 liraTDg Buns % S8 linrng % A Phdt triin kiin thirc chuyin mon ciia ban than va ngicdi khdc Chia se cac thong tin chuyen nganh mai cap nhat cho dSng nghifip 226 20,9 8S6 79,1 Thao [u3n vai ddng nghiep ve cac tinh hu6ng lien quan den nhay cam dao dire ngh6 nghiep 276 24,5 852 75,5 Tham gia nhieu khoa hgc ve chuyen nganh tam ly va cac chuyen nganh ISn c^n khac 134 11,8 1.000 88,2 Chi lam vice vai nhffng than chu c6 di€u kien chi tra le phi 1.028 90,7* 104 9,2 Cham dut hgp dong neu than chu khong thS tra le phi ca ho dang can giup da 1.026 91,0* 102 9,0 Bao vai dong nghiep phat hien hg vi pham quy dieu dao dire hoac noi quy cua to chuc 180 16,7 900 83,3 Bao cao v6i cap tren ve sy vi pham dao due ciia d6ng nghi?p 382 36,1* 676 63,9 De xuat sua quy tac hanh nghe cua to chuc cho phii hap voi thuc te nghe nghiep 326 29,2 792 70,8 Cho lanh dao thay nhiJng dieu khong phii hgp noi quy ciia ca sa so vai quy dieu dao due nghe, sau tuan theo quy dieu dao dire nghe 244 21,6 884 78,4 B Thuc day tiiu chudn cao ciia ngdnh C Chi hanh vi chua phii hop vdi dao d^c Ghi chic So lieu co ddu * the hien nhdn thicc phit hgp voi quy chudn dao dice - Phdt trien ngdnh the hiin qua viec ldng cudng kien thu'c chuyin mdn eda bdn than vd ngu&i khdc Ve vide phit trien kien thirc chuyen mdn cua bin than vi ciia ngudi khae, ket qua d bang IA eho thay, vdi mdi tinh huong lien quan din vide tang cudng kien thilc ciia ban than vi ngudi xung quanh, ty Id khach thi nhan thire diing dat tir 75,5%> den 88,2%, ttiy theo tirng tinh hudng eu thi Nhiing chia se vl kidn thire mdi va thio luan cic tinh hudng kho khan cdng vide vdi TAP CHI TAMLf HOC, Sfi (216), 3-2017 ddng nghidp eho thiy sir cdi md ciia cac nhi tam ly nhin nhin ve chuydn mdn Ngoai ra, phin Idn khach thi nghidn ciru cd y thirc vide nang cao chuyen mdn cita bin thin bing vide tham gia cic khda hpc Nhiing khda hpc niy cd thi ehinh nhi tim ly bd tiln hpc nhu mpt each diu tu eho edng vide: "Hiin tai em dgng hgc lap tri lieu tdm lygia dinh cua Bi Em m&i hgc khda ddo tgo vi tri lieu nghe thugt tuan, gid trieu Em se hgc thim khda hgc vi test Rochars, cdi gi cdn ddu tu thi em rdt ddu tu'' (giing vidn, nha thue hinh lam ly, Trudng Dai hpe Su pham phd Hd Chi Minh), cung cd thd dd la td chile tao diiu kien cho hp di hpc: "Cdc lap hgc Id td chirc cho em di, bdn thdn em ciing muon hgc di ndng cao chuyen mdn vd khd ndng giiip da cho tre em, dd cUng Id giup cho chinh bdn thdn minh" (nhi tam ly thue hanh Id ehire OBV) - Phdt triin ngdnh the hien qua viec thuc day tieu chudn cao cua ngdnh Nhirng tidu chuin cao ciia nganh dupe nhae ddn li vide nha tim ly gdp phin dam bao kiln Ihirc ciia nginh khdng bi lam dung va cung cap nhOng gid lira vide vdi phin kinh phi khiem tdn hoac khdng nhan kinh phi Ve khia canh nay, sir sin sang tham gia cac edng vide chuydn mdn ma khdng nhan kinh phi trudng hpp can thiet cua nha tam ly da dupe tim hidu Bang 1B eho thay, ed den 91,0%o sd khach the khdng ddng tinh vdi vide nhi tam ly cham dirt hpp ddng neu khach hang khdng the tra Id phi ea hp dang rat can giiip va 90,7%) sd khach the khdng ddng tinh vdi vide nhi tim Iy ehi lam vide vdi nhirng khach hang cd didu kidn chi tra Id phi Thue te, hai bieu hien gan vdi thai dp cua nha tam Iy hon la vdi nghTa vii cita hp Ty Id cao eae khach the phan ddi vice nha tiirn Iy ngirng cung cap dich vii khach hang khdng dap irng dupe cac lieu chuan vd tai chinh cd the xem nhu tin hieu tich cue ddi vdi thirc trang hanh nghe hien Du neu xet mdt each phan minh la dung hay sai thi khdng cd dieu luat niio khiing dinh vice ngung hay lir chdi cung ciip dich vu cho nhirng khach hang khdng the tra le phi la vice lain sai Tuy nhien cac bd quy dieu dao dire deu khuyen khieh nha tam ly kha nang cua minh thuc hien cac cdng vide chuyen mdn mil khdng vi Ipi ich vat chit Ndi each khac, sir khdng ddng thuan cita hiiu hit khach Ihl d hai tinh hudng the hien linh nhan van hoat ddng nghe nghiep ciia nha tiim ly Dit dirng \c khia eanh lao ddng, khdng Ihc phu nhiin rang vice nhan lai vc mat vat chat la mpl ciic yeu td quan trpng thuc diy ngudi lao ddng Iam vice nhung ddi vdi hoat ddng nghe ITnh virc Tam Iy hpc thi tinh nhan van la mpt nhirng gia trj dao dire dupe mong dpi Gii tri ddi hdi nha tain Iy ddi phai hy sinh quyen Ipi ca nhan dl ho Irp cac nhdm yiu thi xa hdi hp tiin den dich vu tiim ly Thtre tl hoat ddng trp giiip tam ly d Viet Nam cho Ihiiy, vice thu phi la riit da dang va khdng phai liic nao nhung ngudi duiic 52 TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, So' (216), - 20 i nhan sir trg giup cung phai tra ti§n Nhu chia se cua mpt can bo tam !y lam viec tai t6 chuc phi Chinh phu WWO Viet Nam: "Thuc ti thi cdc td chirc phi Chinh phu khdng thu tiin ciia khdch hdng tham chi ho cdn cho them tien'\ Nhu vay, vice khong thu tidn nguoi hucmg dich vu tSm ly da n^m chinh sach cua mgt s6 t6 chuc Ben canh do, cac to chuc cung thu hut nha tam ly lam viec bang su thien tam: '^Chiing em ldm d day thien nguyen vi long nhiet thdnh, vi tdn gido cua minh nen cdm thay mudn giup da ngicdi khdc\ do, than chii khong phai tra phi va nha tam ly cung khong dugc tra luong cho so gia hg lam vice Cling than chu Ngoai ra, ciing co nhiing nha tam ly vijra lam viec thu phi, vira danh thai gian tu den buoi mot tuan lam mien phi: ""Neu thdn chu khdng the chi trd thi em hirdng ddn ho den tham vdn mien phi d nhd vdn hda thdnh phd Em cUng ldm d nhd vdn hda O day, thdn chii khong phdi trd tien Dieu ndy ludn duac em ndi vdi thdn chu rdt thdng thdn Em ndi vdi ho rdng neu cd khd ndng anh, chi hay trd phi cho qud trinh giiip dd cdn neu anh, chi qud khd khan thi cd the den tra giup mien phr (giang vicn, nha thuc hanh Truang Dai hoc Su pham 116 Chi Minh) Co Ig, chinh ihirc le tren Iy giai cho ty le cao khach the khong dong tinh voi vice nha tam Iy khong trg giiip cho than chii than chu khong c6 kha nang tra le phi Ben canh qua noi dung phong van sau, cac khach the cung bay to rang viec thu phi hay khong thu phi khong anh hirang den chat lugng giiip da than chu: ""Theo toi, dieu quan trpng nhdt Id dgo dire cua nhd tdm ly Neu nhd ldm ly co dgo dire, cd tdm thi dii ldm thien nguyen hay thu phi cUng se tim duac cdch de giitp khdch hdng" (nha tam ly to chiic OBV) - Phdt irien ngdnh thong qua viec chi nhiing hanh vi chua phii hffp vol diw due Vice chi nhu'ng hanh vi chua phu hgp vdi dao diic dugc xem xet a hai cap la doi vdi dong nghiep va doi vdi to chuc C) cap doi vdi dong nghiep, kel qua d bang IC cho thay, 83,3% so khach the cd nhan ihuc diing dan dong ihuan vdi each (hiic bao cho dong nghiep bict phat hien hp vi pham quy dieu dao dire hoac npi quy cua to chuc Tuy nhien boi canh hoal dpng nghe nghiep hien nay, chiing loi gia djnh rang nhan Ihii'c diing vc bao cao sai pham dao due chua han da din dai cac nha lam ly den hanh dong diing Nguyen nhan Ihii nhat la nha tam ly e ngai khong muon dpng cham lam mat long dong nghiep cua minh: "Em thdy khd ndi ve vdn de vi pham dgo dire hdnh nghe lain ly vi co nhieu nhd tdm ly chua dii "sgch ", doi ho vi pham md khdng biel Id minhyi pham Co nhd tdm ly ke chuyen cua ihdn chu len facebook Em khong biet noi vdi hp vl ngirdi ta Id ddn chi cua minh" (giang \ len- nha thyc hanh, Trudng Dai hoc Su pham ihanh 116 Chi Minh) Nguyen nhan nua ia nha lam ly khdng cd su ddng hanh Irong vice theo duoi TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd (216), - 2017 53 hanh vi phii hop chuin dao dire nghi nghiep Viec ehi nhitng sai pham chi khiln hp cim thiy cd don, lac Idng chinh td chile cita minh ndn lau din, hp chip nhan sai pham nhu mdt diiu tit yiu va khdng cdn y thirc phin khang, ban than hp khic phue duoc din dau thi khic phuc: "f? dirge hgc ve dgg dire nghi nen em cd ndi vdi cdc ddng nghiep ciia minh vi nhirng sai phgm vdn tdn tai hdng ngdy nhtmg cae ehi dy ndi rdng niu em mudn giif dugc cdng viec vd lucmg cua minh thi tdt nhdt hay ldm theo, ddm trdi linh ea quan?" (nhi thue hinh, Vidn Sue khde tam thin) Trorig dd, chi cd 36,1% so khaeh thi ed nhan thurc phit hpp vdi quy diiu dao dire eho ring, vide nha tam ly bao eao vdi cip trdn phit hien dong nghiep vi pham d p dire li sai Thi^c tl, du bio eio sai pham dao dire cita dong nghidp la diiu can thiet nhung didu niy phai duoc thuc hidn phil hpp vdi quy trinh NghTa li nha tam ly can eanh bio cho ddng nghidp vl nhiJng sai pham, niu ddng nghiep khdng siia chua thi nha tam ly mdi bao Idn td chirc Tuy nhidn, trude bao cho td ehire, hp vin phai ndi vdi ddng nghiep vd vice minh se lim Nhu vay, each lang le thdng bao nhiSng sai sdt cua ddng nghidp cho thiy, nhi tam ly chua nam vOng vd quy chuin dao dire nghe CJ cip dp ddi vdi td chirc, ty Id khach thd cd nhan thirc dting vide dd xuat sira quy tie hanh nghd eua td chuc cho phii hiDp vdi thue td nghe nghiep la 70,8% va ty Id nhan thire diing tinh hudng cho lanh dao thay nhiing didu khdng phil hpp ndi quy ctia co sd so vdi quy didu dao dire nghd, sau dd tuan Iheo quy didu dao dire nghe la 78,4%) Vdi vai trd la vidn ciia mdt td chirc lao ddng, triich nhidm tdn trpng xa hdi cua nha tam ly dupe the hien Irudc het thdng qua vide tdn trpng eac quy dinh ciia td chirc lao ddng ma hp thudc ve Neu nhu mpt sd bd quy dieu nhac nhd rang: Nha tam ly cd kien thire day dii ve viin hda, can true xa hdi va phong tue ciia mpl cdng ddng trude bat dau bat ky cdng vide nao d edng ddng ay (Canada, didu IV.15; New Zealand, dieu 4.3.4) thi md rdng ra, chiing ta cd the hieu la nha tam ly lam vide eho td chirc lao ddng nao can hidu va tuan theo nhtrng quy dinh cua td chirc dd Chinh vice tuan thu cac nguyen lac ay giup bao vc ngudi lao ddng mdi cd tranh chap, kien lung Tuy nhien, thirc Id Ihire hanh nghd Tam Iy hpe eho thay, cd thd tdn lai nhirng mau thuiin giira quy dinh cua to chirc vdi quy dieu dao dire nghe nghidp Vice nha tiim Iy ndi vdi liinh dao nhCrng didu khdng phu hpp ndi quy ctia co sd so vdi quy didu dao dire nghd, sau dd tuiin theo quy didu dao dire nghi nghiep cd the nhin nhan nhu mdt sir nhay cam ve van dc dao dire hanh nghe vi nd cd the khien nha tiim Iy phai ddi dien vdi xung dot giira quy djnh nghe nghiep vdi quy dinh id chuc Tren thirc te, ehiing la cd quyen nghi ngd vao vide nha tiim Iy thirc su hanh ddng theo quy diiu dao dire nghd, dii ly Id khach the cho rang hp se liim Ihco quy dieu dao dire nghi lit khdng he thiip Trong bdi ciinh bi rang budc btri ciic thiel chc cua id chirc nha tam ly khdng tranh duoc 54 TAPCH[TAMLyHpC,Sd-3(216),3-20l7 viec "nhim mit lam ngo" vdi nhiing sai pham diti tir td chiirc vi luc bit tdng tam va eung vi ehinh td chile eung cd nhOng vin dl m i hp khong tu giii tquydt dupe: "Ca quan em cdn nhdn cd nhung em tdt nghiep ngdnh Sinh hgc di ldm tri lieu cho tre Em dd rdt nhiiu Idn ndi vdi lanh dgg Id eae em dy khdng dii ndng luc di ldm viec vd em dii dugc giag h-dch nhiim hd trg cdc bandy vi chuyen mon cUng khong giup cho cdc bgn dy lien bd han dugc hg thieu kiin thuc nen tdng Tuy nhien, cdc sip bdg em cir giag eg cho bgn dy ldm vi chinh sip ciing bi dp luc tir tren viec tuyin nguai Em cUng ddnh phdi de cdc bgn dy ldm ca" (nhi thuc hanh tri lieu tre em) N I U bd quy diiu eiia Canada vi New Zealand nhic nhd ring: Nha tim ly nim rd cac luat v i quy dinh ciia xa hdi mi ho lam vide, die bidt nhirng quy djnh ed lidn quan din cae boat dpng eda hp vdi tu cieh la nha tam ly v i tuan theo nhirng quy dinh ay Neu nhOng luat hoac quy dinh mau thuan nghidm trpng vdi cac nguyen tic iao dire, nhi tam 1;^ se lim bit cu diiu gi hp cd thd de tri eac nguydn tac dao dire (Canada, didu IV.17; New Zealand, didu 4.2.3) thi dudng nhu didu la khd kha thi bdi canh hoat ddng nghe nghiep hidn d Viet Nam Kct luan va ban luan Tdm lai, kit qui nghidn ciru cho thiy, ba bidu hidn eua sir phat trien chuydn mdn nganh, eac khach the nghien ciru thd hien nhan thirc dung eao nhat d vide thiic day tieu chuan cao cua nganh bang each danh thdi gian cung cap dieh vu mien phi va san sang trp giiip neu than chu ed khd khan vd kinh phi Tiep dd la sir phat trien kidn thirc chuyen mdn cua ban than va ngudi khac Thap nhat ia vide ehi nhu'ng hanh vi chua phii hpp vdi dao dire 'l>ong ba bidu hien nay, ehiing loi dac biet chu trpng den cac kct qua lien quan den vide chi nhu'ng hanh vi chua phit hpp vdi dao dire Ndu hai bidu hidn dau lien quan chit yeu den nha tiim ly va la nhiing bieu hien ma nha tam iy hoan loan cd quycn dua quyet dinh thue hien thi bieu hidn thir ba giin vdi nhirng cdng bd ve hanh vi chua phu hop dao dire ciia ngudi khae Kdt qua nghien cuu cho thiiy, vice dau tranh vdi sai pham dao dire nghd eiia ngudi khac la > eu td khd khiin cho nhii tiim ly Dieu mdt phiin cd the dupe ly giai bdi van hda ngai va cham so lam phat y ngudi khiie va mot phiin viin de quyen Ipi cita chinh nha liim Iy vice tri cac mdi quan he ddng nghidp va vi tri d td chirc Neu vide thang than trao ddi vdi ddng nghiep vc sai pham nghd nghiep ctia hp lit khdng dc dang thi vide chi cho td chirc thiy nhung diiu khdng phii hgp ciia td chirc so vdi quy didu nghi nghidp va tuan theo quy diiu nghi nghiep lai ciing khd khan hon Nd ddi hoi nhit tam Iy thuc sir cd tiim lire khdng ehi la chuyen mdn, ma cdn la kha nang duong dau vdi nhirng xung dpi giira nhirng gi ndn lam va nhirng gi phai Iam Diiu niiy, theo Lecomte va Perron (1980) dru nhirng ciiu hdi lien quan din su ddng nhit nghi nghiep d gdc dp TAPCHiTAMLyHOC, So (216) 3-2017 55 xa hgi cua cac nha tam ly dan nh&ng nang lire nghe nghiep ma nha tam 1^ co, ddn viec quy gan tim quan trpng vao cac hoal dpng vi Igi ich xa hpi ndi chung cua nha tam ly va ddn nhiing dinh hudng gia tri cua nha tam ly Nhu vay cac nghien ciiu tidp theo co the tap trung vao phan tich nhirng dieu kien xa hpi co kha nang thiic dky hoac ngan can nha tam iy thuc hien trach nhiem xa hpi nganh ciia minh Tai lieu tham khao American Psychological Association, Ethical Principles of psychologists and Code of Conduct, 20\0 Campos L.P., Should the CPA have an ethical code for social action, California Psychologisl, Feb., 31, 1995 Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists, Third Edition,'2000 Code of Ethics and Conduct, Guidance published by Ihc Ethics Commiltee of Ihe British Psychological Society, 2009 Code of Ethics for Psychologists Working in Aolearoa/New Zealand, 2012 Cowcn E.l,., Social and community interventions Annual Review of Psychology, 24, pp 423 - 472, 1973 Davidson G.R., Exploration of Psychologist's Social Responsibilities: How Does the 2007 APS Code of Ethics Mesure Up?, In Allan, A and Love A Ethical Practice in Psychology Relleclions from the creators of the APS Code of Elhics Wiley Publication, pp 103- 122.2010 Lecomlc C , Perron J Analyse miiUidimensionnelle de la re.spon.sabilile sociale de /i//?Ayc/7o/o^'/e Canadian Counsellor, Vol 14 No 3, pp 186- 190, 1980 9.1'sychological a.ssociation ofthc Philippines, Code of Ethics for Philippine psychologi.sts 2009 10 The Psychological Society of Ireland Code of Professional Ehics.lQW 11 Turkish Psychological Association Ethics Code, 2004 56 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 3(216), - 2017
Ngày đăng: 26/10/2022, 15:22
Xem thêm:
