Mpt so bieu hien tdn tlii/dng tam ii cua tre song gia dinii Idiong toan ven tai Viet Nam Huynh Van S d n \ Nguyen Thj Diem My^ ' Email: sonhuynhts@gmail com ^ Email: myntd@hcmLe.com TnlOng Oai hoc SK pham Thanh Ho Chi Minh 280 An DKdng VUOng phJOng 4, quan 5, ThSnli Ho Chi Minh, Vi?t Nam TOM TAT: Ddi song gia dinh khdng hanh phuc nhOng gia dinh khdng tain ven hi$n dang trd mot nhUng tac nhin giy inh hudng va tSn thuang tam li nang nS den tri Thong qua viec tim hiiu nhin thdc cua cac bac cha me ve nhidng bieu hien tdn thuang tim li cua cii nhom gia dinh nay, chung toi thay rang, nhom bieu hien "chu y"; "lo au • trim cim" va "thu minh" la ba nhom bleu hien dac trUng va tieu biSu cua tri bi ton thuang tam li chinh gia dinh khong tron ven tac dong Day la nhdng bieu hien ma chung ta can quan tim theo doi vi 6$ xuat giai phap ho trq tim li, gdp phin giim thieu ton thuang tam licua tre nhdng gia dinh khong toan v^n niy lis KHOA: Bleu hien; ton thifdng tam It; gia dinh khong todn ven; Xri em • * Nhan bai 01/02/2019 •> Nhan ke't qiS phan bien va chinh sifa 20/02/2019 -> DuyK dang 25/03/2019, D$t va n d e Sau 30 nam doi mai, xa hpi va nguoi Viet Nam da CO nhOng doi thay dang ke Kinh te ho gia dinh (GD) da co budc phat trien manh, tro bp phan quan trpng nen kinh te quoc dan, gop phan khong nho vao qua trinh x6a doi giam ngheo Cong tac dan so, ke hoach hoa GD, cham soc giao due tre em da tich cue gop phan xay dung GD am no, hanh phuc, xa hpi cang on djnh va phat trien Vai tro ciia phu nff xa hpi va GD duoc de cao Cugc van dong "Toan dan doan ket xay dung doi song van h6a" da lam eho xa hpi cang co nhieu GD van hoa, GD hieu hpc, toe ho van hoa, thon ban van hoa, gop phan t?o dung cuoc song binh yen, van hoa hon, huong thien hon moi GD va cpng dong xa hoi [1] Tuy nhien, qua trinh hpi nhap kinh te quoc te va mo rpng giao luu van hoa vai the gioi, ngoai yeu to tich cue, h6i nhap ciang da keo theo vao dat nuac ta nhijTig bien doi van boa, dao due xa hpi, lam gia tri dao due truyen th6ng moi GD cung dang dan bj thay doi, tinh trang li than, li hon gan day eo xu huong nam sau cao ban nam truoc.Tbeo thong ke cua toa an nhan dan cae cap, so vu li hon a nuoc ta dang gia tang nhanh chong, Hien nay, moi nam co khoang 66.000 GD tan vo' va ket qua ngbien ciru cua Nguyin Minh Hoa [2] cbo thay, cu cap ket hon thi se CO mpt cap chia tay Su tan va GD anh huong khong nho den doi song tam li tre Nghien cuu nam 1990 Jane Mauldon, Dai hpc California (MT) eho tbay, 35% tre em rai vao hoan canh co nguy ca mac phai cac van de sue khoe, ti le nhiem benh trung binh ciia eae tre khac la 26%.Tac gia Mauldon giai thich, stress keo din va tram trpng bai nhirng thay doi dang ke sau cupc li hon ciia cha me chinh la nguyen nhan Ngoai ra, eac em cung khong dupe huong su quan tam day dli ciia ca cha me va mpt moi truong an toan nhu truoc de phat trign (Jane Mauldon, 1990) TAP CHi KHOA HQC GIAO OIJC VIET NAM Nghien eim nam 2010 ve van de cung chi nhirng so thong ke khien nhieu nguai lo ngai Theo do, 60% eac em trai qua nhirng bien co GD to Ion tinh toi ca li hon, mat mat nguoi than hay cha me tai hon, tot nghiep trung hpc da 20 tuoi.Tuy nhien, chi tinh rieng li hon, ti le ia 78% Tre cang nho cha me Ii hon xay thi cang bj anh huong nhieu Nhieu bien co lien tiep xay ra, sau hon nhan vo nhu cha hoac me tai hon se khien cac em kho khan hem hpc hanh (Afua Hirsch, 2009) Co the noi, su hut hang ve mat tam li GD khong toan v^n (GDKTV) mang den cho dira tre bien doi manh me doi song tam li Theo nghien eiru suot 15 nam ciia tae gia Wolchik, S va eong sir vg su tie dpng dai ban ciia GD tan vo den tam li tre cho thay sir tan va hanh phiic GD dk lai nhiing t6n thuong tam li (TTTL) mpt thai gian keo dai va co xu huong khong bao gia lanh l$n tam li ciia tre [3] Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi de cap din viee tim hieu va phan tich mpt so bieu hien TTTL eiia tre s6ng GDKTV tai Viet Nam nhu mpt minh chiing cho su c§n thiSt eiia viec sang Ipe, nhan dien va dg xuit cac bien phap h6 tro, can thiep TTTL eho tre s6ng GDKTV tuang lai Bdi bdo ndy die^c tdi tr^ bdi Chietmg trinh Khoa hgc vd Cong nghf cdp quoc gia giai doan 2016 - 2020 "Nghien cuu phdt trien khoa hpc gido due ddp irng yeu edu ddi mdi cdn ban, todn difn nen gido due Vift Nam ", md sd KHGD/16-20, Bp Gido due vd Ddo tao Vi^t Nam N p i d u n g n g h i e n CLITU PhiTdng phap nghien cu'u Gioi ban nghien cuu tre em GD co cha me It hon va GD me dan than tir dgn 15 tuoi trgn dia ban Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh cung cac tinh Long An, Tay Ninh va dugc su dong y eiia ban giam hieu, GV chu nhi?m, tiln hanh g5p go cac em va phu huynh cua cae em gioi thieu npi dung nghien cim dong thai khuygn khieh phy huynh, HS tham Bang : Vai net ve khach the nghign cDu HiiTc trang TTTL cua tr£ em GDKTV Tlianh phan HS Tlianh phan phg huynh Tan so TilB% Ti le % Tan so Nam 116 34.52 11.61 39 Nff 220 65.47 83 39 297 Nff 336 100 100 336 Tdng Tieu hpc 150 44 64 44 64 150 Tieu hoc THCS 186 55.36 55.36 186 THCS Nam Gidi tinh Tong Cap hoc uap noc cLia uuii 336 100 100 336 Tong TP Ho Chi Minh 115 34 23 34.23 115 Thanh Ho Chi Mmh Long An 110 32.74 32.74 110 Long An Tay Ninh 111 33 04 33.04 111 Tay Ninh Tong 336 100 100 336 Tdng GD CO cha me 11 hon 252 75 75 252 Da II hon GO me dtJn than 84 25 25 84 M^ don than 336 100 100 336 Tdng Tons Tinh/thanh Trnh trang GO Tong gia trgn tinh than tu nguygn Nhu vay, viec lira chgn mau Trac nghiem CBCL gom 112 items phu buynh danh nghien ciru da dupe loc a giai doan dau tien la ebi khao sat gia vg bieu hien cua tre Han che cua trac nghiem la doi cac tre va phu huynh cac tre tir dgn 15 tuoi trgn dja ban miic dp quan tam eiia phu huynh den tre thap, dan dgn Thanh Ho Chi Minh, Long An, Tay Ninh co eha me thue trang la danh gia chua chinh xac vg bigu hien cua trg li hon boac GD me don than Duoi day la rapt so kgt qua De khac phuc thuc trang va nham tim higu mgt each thong kg cu tbg ve dac digm khach the nghien cim ban dau khach quan nhat vg bigu hien TTTL ciia tre GDKTV, (xem Bang I) chung toi tien hanh khao sat miic dp quan tam ciia cha me Pbuang pbap trac nghiem, digu tra bang bang hoi, phuang voi cai GDKTV voi cau hoi mot lua chpn phap phong van va phuong phap toan thong ke dugc sir phieu khao sat "Su quan tam eiia ban doi voi con?", ba dung, phuang phap trac nghiem la phuong phap dap an dugc dua de phu buynh lua chgn ian iupt la Cao chii dao Dg xac djnh ti le tre GDKTV co TTTL, miic (Luon quan tam, theo doi, ho trg eon cai mgi hoat TTTL ciia tre em GDKTV, bigu hien ciia TTTL dpng dgi song hang ngay) - Trung binh (It quan tam, eiia tre em GDKTV va anh huong ciia no den tu danh theo doi, ho trg cai, nhung van danh su yeu thuang, gia ciia tre Lira chpn sti dung test da dugc chuan hoa ve kT quan tam a mpt mire dp nhat dinh) - Thap {khong quan thuat su dung nham danh gia, luong mpt chi bao ve tam tam, bo mac cai) Cac truong hgp pbu huynb co mire li ciia mpt nguai hay nhom nguoi tren eo so doi chigu voi quan tam "thap" se dugc loai bo dg khong anh huong den mpt thang da dugc chuan boa hoac mpt he thong phan ket qua nghien ciiu chung Sau day la ket qua cua viec tim loai trgn nhiiTig nhom mau khac vg phuong dien xa hieu (xem Bang 2) hoi Nghien eiiu sir dung cac trac nghiem: CBCL - Child behavior checkhst - ciia Achenbach T M nham sang Ipc ban dau ve ti le tre nghien cuu GDKTV co TTTL, miic Bang 2: MiJlc dp quan tam cOa eha me vdi cai GDKTV dp TTTL ciia trg nghien cim GDKTV va bieu hien ciia TTTL ciia tre nghien ciru GDKTV; ETES cua Cao 25 51.02 Toulouse nham khao sat tu danh gia eua tre GDKTV Tir do, xac dinh anh huong ciia TTTL den tu danh gia cua Trung binh 22 44.89 tre GDKTV ilS^^^H^^^^HS^^^M Thap 2.2 Ket qua nghien eiru 2.2.1 Ket qua danh gia ve mii'c dp quan tam giSa eha me vdi eon eai gia dinh khong toan ven 08 Tong Ket qua nghign ciiu cho thay, mire quan tam giiia cha So 15 thang 03/2019 NGHIgNCOruUUUAN me voi cai GDKTV a mire cao, trung binh va yeu, eu thg nhu sau: Dirng vi tri thir nhat la miic dp quan tam a mire "cao" voi 25/49 phu huynh (51.02%), dimg vi tri thir hai la miic dp quan tam a mire "trung binh" voi 22/49 phu huynh (44.89%) Digu co thg thay, phu huynh quan tam • den cai tii trung binh tra Ign voi tong 47/49 (95.91%) Kgt qua triing khap voi quan digm day cua nguoi Viet nghien eiru eua tac gia Ngo Cong Hoan, truygn tb6ng ciia cac GD Vigt Nam rat ygu thuang cai GD, khong bao gio dg dira tre phai chiu thiet thoi Tre em dugc sinh dii a bat ki tang tap, giai cap xa hgi nao, cac bac cha me dgu c6 g^ng het sire dg cham lo timg li timg ti, khong de cua minh chiu thiet thoi Tir do, hinh ngp s6ng "hi sinh dai bo, cung co doi con" cac GD Viet [4] Ngoai ra, Viet Nam dang tren da doi moi va tiep thu nhigu tuu khoa hpc kT thuat ciia thg gioi, CO eac phuang phap day tign tien eiia nhigu quoc gia, dac biet ia phuang phap day loi song dpc lap, tu lue canh sinh va luon tan dung thir thacb, kho khan de ren y chi, nghi lyc cugc song ciia nguai Do Thai, nguoi Nhat, nguoi MT, [5] Voi nhirng phuong phap nay, cac bac eha me se it quan tam sau sat cai cua minh ban va de cho cac em tu lap chinh cugc song cua minh tir nho Do do, quan diem phii hgp voi kgt qua vg miic quan tam miic "trung binh" ciia eac bae phu huynh Hoac co thg, mire quan tam a miic trung binh xuat phat tii hoan canh GD Ii tan, cuoc song hon nhan cila eha me khong hanh phiic anh huong dgn su quan tam danh cho tre cua minh Cuoi eiing, chi co 2/49 phu huynh (4.08%i) danh gia co mtic quan tam den cai o iniirc "th§.p" >>fhu vay, nghien ciru se tign hanh loai bo truang hgp phu huynh co miic quan tam den cai GDKTV "thap" va chi nghign ciiu 47 tre em GDKTV dg dam bao tinh khach quan ve bieu hien ciia TTTL 2.2.2 Bieu hien ton thi/Ong tam li cua tr^ em gia dinh khong toan ven qua ehi bao cua Test CBCL phu huynh danh gia nhom bieu hien TTTL cua tre GDKTV qua chi bao cua Test CBCL phu huynh danh gia bao gom "thu minh", "lo au - tram cam", "roi loan co the", "van de ehii y", "van de tu duy", "van dg xa hgi", "hanh vi vi pham quy tac", "hanh vi tinh" (xem Bang 3) Bang 3: Bieu hien cac nh6m TTTL cua Ui e m GDKTV IT Cdc nhom bieu hien OTB Xep hajig Thu minh 1.72 Lo an - Tr5m cSm 1.74 ROI lo^n ctJ th^ 1.53 V^n d i chu y 1.80 Van dg til 1.64 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DIJC VIET NAM Van de xa hpi 1.63 Hanh vi VI phgm quy tac Ling xil 1.47 8 Hanh vi tinh 1.50 Kgt qua ttr Bang cho thay, so sanh cac nhom biSu hien TTTL cua tre em GDKTV khong eo su chenh lech nhigu, co 5/8 nhom bigu hien thuoc mire trung binh va 3/8 bigu hien thugc miic thdp Cu the nhu sau: Dirag a vi tri thii nhat la nhom bigu hien "van de chu y" vdi DTB = 1.80 Diing vi tri thii hai la bieu hien "Lo au - Tram cam" voi DTB = 1.74 Dirng vi tri thir ba la bieu hi^n "Thu minh" vdi DTB = 1.72 Tigp theo la bigu hien "vin de tu duy" vdi DTB = L64 BiSu hien "Vin dg xa hpi" vdi DTB = 1.63 Bigu hien "Roi loan co the" vdi DTB = L53 Bigu hien "Hanh vi tinh" vdi DTB = 1.50 Va cuoi eiing la bieu hien "hanh vi vi pham quy tac iing xii" vdi DTB ^ 1.47 So sanh vdi nghien ciru ciia tac gia Pagan va Churchill vg sir tae dgng eiia viec cha me li hon dgn tam li eon tre, nghien ciai cho thay, so vdi tre em tir cac GD toan v?n, tre s6ng GDKTV trd nen toi te hem va co xu hudng thii dich vdi ngudi Idn, lo lang, nit lui, khong tap trung va de dang gay hdn [6] Nhu vay, co thg thdy su chgnh leeh giiia cac nhom bieu hien khong nhieu, cho thay ro rang si^ tac dgng qua lai, lign he mat thiet vdi giira cac ngi dung (xem Bang 4) Bang 4: Bleu hien chong iSn nliOng TTTL cua tri em GflKTV [BO^^^^^MkS^toS^M nhdm bieu Nan 6.38 nhOm bi^u high 12.77 nh6m bieu hien 12.77 nh6m bl^u hien 13 27.66 nhfim bieu hien 19.15 nhdm bleu hien 10 21.28 TONG 47 100% Kgt qua Bang cho thSy, bigu hien chdng lan nhihig TTTL cua tre GDKTV tdi thigu tu nhom bigu hien trd len va toi da la nhom bieu hien dua tren chi bao cua test CBCL, cu the nhu sau: Dimg vi tri thii nhit rai vko "5 nhdm bieu hien" vdi 27.66% Diing vi tri thu hai rai vao "3 nhdm bigu hien" vdi 21.28% Dung vi tri thii ba rai vao "4 nhom bigu hien" vdi 19.15% Digu cd the thay rang, nhiing TTTL cua tre em GDKTV chii ygu rai vao khoang trung binh tii nhom bigu hien - nhdm bieu hi?n vdi tdng 68.09% DiSu dang quan ngai la s6 lugng tre em cd bilu hien chdng lin TTTL tren bigu hifn ciing khdng hg nhd Trong do, s6 lugng tre em d miic "6 bigu hi^n" va "7 bigu hi?n" co ti I? phan tram bang la 12.77% va cuoi ciing ti le tre em cd "8 bieu hien" la 6.38% Qua dd, c6 thg thiy s6 lugng tre em c6 bigu hien chdng lin TTTL tren bigu hien la 31.92% Day la mgt so khong he nho, anh hudng va chi phoi Idn dgn ddi song ea nhan cac em Va theo thdi gian, ngu khong dugc thao gd nhiing TTTL, cac chi sd cd tbg tang Ign bdi tat ca nhirng s6 khong chi dung lai d day ma cac em cang trudng va dang phai doi dien vdi cac bieu hien mdi Theo^ tac gia Arkes, viec li hdn ciia cha me anh hudng nang ne dgn ddi sdng tam li cua cai GD, dac biet tac dpng manh den net nhan each ciia tre tu6i vi nign Cac em cd nhigu kha nang sir dung rugu - nam trude cha me li hon (khi GD dang xay xung dot, khong hanh phuc) Sau li hon, vi nign co nguy co sir dung rugu va can sa tang len Tam quan trpng ciia cac hieu img v§n tdn tai thdi gian troi qua tu cupe li hon [7] Mgt nghien cim khac ciia nhom tac gia Anthony, C J., DiPema, J C , va Amato, P R cung cho thay, he qua sau cupc li hdn ciia cha me cd lien quan dgn nhung tac dong tigu cue ddi vdi ket qua hgc tap ciia nhirng tre dang giai doan trudng thanh, dac biet la ddi vdi be gai [8] Nhu vay, co thg thay rang nhung bigu hien TTTL GDKTV bao gdm nhieu bieu hien ciing liic, cd moi lign ket mat thigt vdi va tae dpng Idn den mpi ITnh vuc ddi sdng sinh hoat cung nhu ddi sdng tam li cac em Dieu rung Ign hdi chuong bao dgng vdi cac nha nghign cim, cac CO quan chiic nang lien quan, nhat la ITnh vuc tam li hgc tham van - tri lieu, tim hieu giiip thao gd van de tam li cua cae em (xem Bang 5) Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, TTTL ciia tre em GDKTV dua vao nhom bigu hien ed nhimg bieu hien TTTL dien hinh vdi DTB =1.91 nam d mire cao Dimg d vi tri thir nhit la ngi dung "Con thich d mpt minh" (thugc nhom bigu hien "thu minb") vdi DTB = 1.98 Diing d vi tri thii hai la npi dung "Con ban hay cai eg, li su" (thudc nhdm bieu hien "hanh vi tinh") vdi DTB = 1.97 Diing d vi tri thir ba la npi dung "Con ban cam thiy lung tiing mgi viec" (thuoc nhdm bigu hien "van dg chii y") vdi DTB = i.94.' Tigp theo la npi dung "Con ban hay cam thiy minh kem cdi" (thugc nhdm bigu hien "lo au - trim cam") vdi DTB = 1.93 Ndi dung "Con ban khong thg diit bo nhirng y nghT, bi am anh vl mdt digu gi do" (thudc nhdm bieu hien "vin de tu duy") vdi DTB = 1.92 Not dung "Con ban cam thiy thit vgng, budn riu hoac tram cam" va "Con ban hay da nghi" (ca hai diu thudc nhom bigu hien "lo au tram cam") vdiDTB=l,91 Ndi dung "Con ban long ngong, vung vl" (thudc nhdm bigu hien "vin dh xa hoi") vdi DTB = 1.88 Ngi dung "Coii ban khd tap trung chii y" (thugc nhdm bigu hien "van dg ehu y") vdi DTB = 1.87 va cu6i ciing la ngi dung "con ban hay budng binh" (thugc nhdm bigu hienthupc nhdm "Hanh vi tinh') vdi DTB = 1.86 Day dugc xem xet nhu nhimg bieu hien dign hinh ciia TTTL GDKTV So sanh vdi nghign ciru ciia nhdm tac gia Ladan Hashemi va Halleh Homayuni, ta nhan thay co su tuang ddng ve cac bigu hien TTTL thudng gap d tre song GDKTV, miic tram cam, cang thang, lo lang ciing vdi nhiing bJeu hien vg ldi sdng "Thich mdt minh", each li xa hpi, han che giao tiep, dg gay han va cham chap hanh dpng, tu cua nhung tre GDKTV (cha me li hon, li than) cao ban dang ke vg cae van de cam xuc va hanh vi so vdi nhirng tre sdng GD toan ven Ngoai ra, cac van dg ve cam xiic va hanh vi d mixc dp trung binh, nghigm trpng va rSt nghiem trpng bien d tre em GD li than ban la li hon [9] (xem Bang 6) Kgt qua kigm nghiem so sanh ve bieu hien TTTL cua tre qua cac bien sd dgc lap: gidi tinh, tinh/thanh phd, cap hpc va tinh trang GD cd su khac Cu the nhu sau: Bang 5: NhOIng bieu hien TTTL cua Uh em GDKTV dien hinh lObrJuhlSnTni Con thich d mot minh (thupc nh6m "Thu minh") Con ban hay cai co li sil (thupc nhom "htinh vi tinh") Con ban cam thay lung tiing moi viec (thuoc nhom "van de chu y") Con ban hay cam thay minh k^m coi (thuoc rhbm "lo au - tram cam") Con ban khong th^ diJt bo nhu'ng y nghi, bj am anh ve mot dieu gi 66 (thuoc nhbm "van de td duy") Con ban cam thciy that vgng, buon rau hoSc tram Ctim (thuoc nhdm "lo au - tram cam") Con ban hay da nghi (thuoc nhom °lo au - tram cam") Con ban long ngbng, vung ve (thuoc nhdm "van de xa hdi") Con ban khd tap trung chii y (thuoc nhdm "van iJe chu y") Con ban hay bi/dng binh (thudc nhdm "banh vi tinh") OTB Chung 10 L91 So 15 ttiang 03/2019 NGHIEN C O T U U L U A N Bang 6: So sanh bieu hien TTTL cua Ui qua cac bien so dpc lap Vg mat gidi tinh, ket qua kiem nghiem cho thay, giiia nam va nu cho thiy Sig = 1.345 va Sig > 0.05, suy khong co sir khac biet vg bigu hien TTTL cila tre GDKTV ve mat gidi tinh C tre nam, cd DTB = 2.88 va tre nu- cd DTB = 3.1 Dii su chenh lech kha nho nhung phan anh phan nao thue te nhung bieu hien TTTL xuat hien d tre nir nhigu ban tre nam v l tinli/thanh ph6 sinh sdng, ket qua kiem nghiem cho thiy Sig = 2.55 > 0.05 Vi vay, khong co su khac biet vg dia dilm sinh s6ng ciia nhung tre GDKTV vdi cac bieu hien TTTL GDKTV gay Ngoai ra, dir ligu cdn phan anh, DTB tai Thanh Hd Chi Minh la cao nhat (3.57), Con s6 cho thiy nhiJng tre sdng GDKTV tai Thanh Ho Chi Minh gap phai nhieu van de va co nhigu bigu hign TTTL hem so vdi khu vue tinh Long An va Tay Ninh Ve mat cap hpe, kgt qua kigm nghiem giua cap Tigu hpc va cap Trung hpc co sd (THCS) cho thay Sig = 1.76 va Sig > 0.05, khdng co su khac biet ve bieu hien TTTL ciia tre GDKTV vg mat cap hgc O cap Tieu hpc, cd DTB = 2.90 va cip THCS cd DTB = 3.08 Su chgnh lech khdng qua Idn va digu hoan toan phii hpp vdi dac diem phat trien tam li liia tuoi Bdi vi d cap THCS, eac em bat dau vao dp tuoi day thi, tu duy, tri nhd, ehu y deu cang phat trign, hoan thien hon so vdi Tieu hgc Ve tinh trang GD, kgt qua kiem nghiem giira GD co cha me li hon va GD cd me don than cho thay Sig = 0.01 va Sig < 0.05 Suy ra, co su khac biet ve bigu hien TTTL ciia tre GDKTV d mat tinb trang GD GD co cha me li hon CO DTB = 2.49 va GD ed me dcm than ^ 3.49, co sir chgnh leeh Qua ket qua, cd the thay duge nhiing trg song GD CO me don than cd it bigu hien TTTL hon tre sdng GD CO cha me li hdn Dieu hoan toan phii hgp vdi thuc te bdi nhiing tre em song GD me don than co the thieu JO TAP CHI KHOA HOC G)A0 DUC VIET NAM tinh cam cua cha nhung cac em dugc song trpn tinh yeu thuong eiia me Day la su lua chgn tir ban dau cua ngudi me su vui vg, ddn nhan Con doi vdi tre song GD co cha me H hdn, thudng cac em phai chimg kign eanh cha me gay gd, cai nhau, tham chi bao luc khien cac em mit nilm tin vao cugc song Nhat la kgt thiic cupc hon nhan nay, nhiing ngudi cugc thudng chi trich dli phuong, noi vdi nhiing dieu khong tot vg ddi phuong, lam giam hinh anh, gia trj cua cha hoac me khign cac em chimg kiln canh thudng roi vao trang thai lo so, budn kho, mat niem tin bdi ca sdng chinh GD minh nhung eac em van bi ton thucmg, thigu an toan, bi dua vao cugc tranh luan ciia ngudi Idn Nhu vay, co the thiy moi trudng, hoan canh GD anh hudng rat Idn den nhan thiic, cam xiic, hanh vi cua tre em Ket luan Bieu hien TTTL ciia trg em GDKTV thong qua bang danh gia ciia 336 phu huynh cua test CBCL cho thay cao nhat !a nhdm bigu hien "Chii y" Diing vi tri thii hai la bigu hign "Lo au - Tram cam" Dung vi tri thii ba la bieu hien "Tbu minh" Phan tich sau vg nhung bieu hien TTTL dign hinh eua tre GDKTV, bieu hien "Con thich a mdt minh" dirng vi tri cao nhat, Thu hai la npi dung "Con ban hay cai cp, li su" O vj tri thir ba la ndi dung "Con ban cam thay liing tung mpi viec" Dii ket qua trgn chi dupe nhin nhan dudi mpt chieu Rich la nhan dinh ciia cha me nhirng trg dang song GDKTV nhtmg ciing phan anh phan nao thuc trang nhirng bigu hien TTTL ma cac em gap phai song moi trudng GDKTV Ket qua la tign dg cho nhirng nghien ciru sau han vg cac bien phap h§ trg, giam thieu TTTL cua tre song GDKTV tuong lai Tai ligu tham khao [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Huong, D T., (2014), Thuc trang vdn di sue khoe tdm thdn d Ire em tie - 18 tuoi tgi 02 ca sd cham soc, gido due tre md coi (Luan van thac si tam li hgc), Trudng Dai hoc Giao due - Dai hpc Qu6c gia Ha Npi Hoa, N M., (2018), Digidm li le li hon- Hgc cdch sdng chung Truy cap tai: http://ndh.vn/Pages/News/PnntPage aspx?Cat_ID=l25&NewsJD-3274884 Wolchik, S,, Christopher, C , Tetn, J Y., Rhodes, C A., & Sandler, I N., (2018), Long-Term Effects of a Parenting Preventive Intervention on Young Adults' Attitudes Toward Divorce and Marriage Joumal of Divorce & Remarriage,l-18, Hoan,N C.,(1993), Tam U hoc gia dinh Tnrdng Dai hoc Su pham Ha Npi Bao Dan tri, (2016), Phuang phdp gido due lien tien den tuNhglBdnden VietNam.lmyckptai https://dantn.cora vn/giao-duc-khuyer-hoc/phuong-phap-giao-duc-tien-tiennhat-ban-den-viet-nam-20160513134202117.htm [6] Fagan, P F., & Churchill, A., (2012), The effects of divorce on children Mam Research, 1-48 Arkes, J., (2013), The temporal effects of parental divorce onyouth substance use Substance Use & Misuse, 48(3), 290-297 [8] Anthony, C I , DiPema, J C , & Amato, P R , (2014), Divorce, approaches to learning, and children s academic achievement A longitudinal analisis of mediated and moderated effects, Joumal of school psychology, 52(3), 249-261 [9] Ladan Hashemi & Halleh Homayuni, (2017), Emotional Divorce: Child's Well-Being Journal of Divorce d Remarriage 58:8, 631 - 644 DOi: 10.1080/10502556 2016.1160483 [ 10] Dawson, D., (1991, Famili structure anh children s health and well-being- data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey on child health Journal of Marriage and Famili, 53(3), 573-584, DOL 10.2307/352734 [7] PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA'S SYMPTOMS OF CHILDREN LIVING IN THE INCOMPLETE FAMILIES IN VIETNAM Huynh Van S o n \ Nguyen Thi Diem My^ ' Email, sonliuynhts@gmail.com - Email, myntd@hcmue.com Ho Ctii Minh City University ot Pedagogy 280 An Duong Vuong Street, ward 4, dis&ict 5, Ho Chi Mmh City, Vietnam ABSTRACT: Unhappy family life in incomplete families is now becoming one of the most influential factors and causing psychological traumas for children Through learning about parents' perceptions of their children's psychological trauma symptoms in this family group, we found that the three symptom groups which show the characteristics of psychological trauma symptoms due to incomplete families are "Attention"; "Anxiety - depression" and "Seizure" These are the situations we need to consider and propose psychological solutions, contributing to minimizing the psychological trauma for children in these families KEYWORDS: Symptoms; psychological trauma: incomplete families; children So 15 thang 03/2019 ii ... U hoc gia dinh Tnrdng Dai hoc Su pham Ha Npi Bao Dan tri, (2016), Phuang phdp gido due lien tien den tuNhglBdnden VietNam.lmyckptai https://dantn.cora vn/giao-duc-khuyer-hoc/phuong-phap-giao-duc-tien-tiennhat-ban-den-viet -nam- 20160513134202117.htm... sat tu danh gia eua tre GDKTV Tir do, xac dinh anh huong ciia TTTL den tu danh gia cua Trung binh 22 44.89 tre GDKTV ilS^^^H^^^^HS^^^M Thap 2.2 Ket qua nghien eiru 2.2.1 Ket qua danh gia ve mii'c... nghien eiru eua tac gia Ngo Cong Hoan, truygn tb6ng ciia cac GD Vigt Nam rat ygu thuang cai GD, khong bao gio dg dira tre phai chiu thiet thoi Tre em dugc sinh dii a bat ki tang tap, giai cap xa hgi