Nối tiếp phần 1, phần 2 của tài liệu Tìm hiểu các sự kiện nổi tiếng thế giới tiếp tục trình bày các nội dung chính sau: Khởi nghĩa Ti-pô-ni-cơ-rô; Cách mạng Châu Âu 1848; Tuyên ngôn Đảng Cộng sản; Khởi nghĩa giải phóng dân tộc ở Ấn Độ; Chiến tranh Nam Bắc Mỹ; Minh trị Duy Tân; Chiến tranh Pháp - Phổ; Cuộc khởi nghĩa của Ma-đi;... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo để nắm nội dung chi tiết.
KHOI NGHIR H g a y TI-PO-NI-CO-RO t t f d a u the k y 16, In-dd-ne-xia, "dat ntfdc n g a n dao" da b i thtfc dan H a L a n x a m ltfpc Stf cai t r i t a n bao ciia thtfc dan H a L a n da k h i e n cho n h a n d a n d i a p h t f d n g d day ndi day dau t r a n h gay gat Ho k h d n g n g t f n g k h d i n g h i a chdhg H a L a n , t r o n g dd p h a i ke den cudc k h d i n g h i a ciia Ti-pd-nicd-rd T r e n dao Gia-va ciia In-dd-ne-xia cd mdt vtfdng qudc nhd goi l a Gitf-dtfa T h a i ttf Gitf-dtfa l a Ti-pd-nicd-rd (viet gon la Ti-pd-ni) cam t h u thtfc dan H a L a n den t a n x t f d n g t u y "Tai c h u n g t a l a i p h a i chiu stf sap dat ciia bon da trang? C h u n g t a p h a i dudi c h u n g nd di!" Ti-pd-ni thd' Id suy n g h i ciia m i n h vdi bd O n g b i mat xay d t f n g m d t ddi q u a n d mdt ndi cd ten l a Dd-ca-le, de c h u a n bi k h d i n g h i a v u trang K h d n g ngd viec b i bai Id Thtfc dan H a L a n ttfc gian, t r u a t quyen t h t f a ke ngdi v u a cua dng T h a i t i i T i - p d - n i v a n k i e n quyet ndi: "Ta da quyet r d i , k h d n g sd g i stf de doa cua H a Lan!" 268 M o t vao n a m 1825, T i - p o - n i n h a n dtfdc thtf cua Cook, t d n g doc H a L a n X e m thtf, ong bong doc to len: " B a n t h a n men, x i n ngai hay t r d ve v t f d n g quoc, k h o n g n e n h o a n g p h i t u o i t r e ciia m i n h d De-ca-le" "A ha! D a y l a a m m t f u cua bon da t r a n g , d i n h ltfa t a , d i n h g i a m sat t a a, htf! d a u co de the!" O n g biet ro r i n g btfc thtf c h i l a m o t d a u h i e u b i o trtfdc n h t f n g t r d h u n g h a n da m a n se tiep theo L u c dd, t t f x a v o n g l a i h a n g loat t i e n g s u n g n d ren, m d t n g t f d i l i n h n h a y bd vao phong: " T h t f a t h a i t i i dien ha, n g t f d i H a L a n d a n h den r d i ! " "Dtfdc! Ctf de bon c h i i n g den day" T i - p d - n i dtfdn ddi l o n g may, t a y v u n g l e n n d i : "Tap hdp ddi n g u , d i c h u y e n ngay!" Tiep sau l a n h t f n g t i e n g t r u y e n l e n h r d n r i p , Ti-pdn i n h a y l e n m i n h ngtfa, d a n q u a n ve p h i a xa Cudc k h d i n g h i a chdhg H a L a n cua "Dat ntfdc n g a n d i o " da b i t d i u nhtf vay Q u a n k h d i n g h i a da d i chuyen den v u n g K h a - r i - x d - k h d T i n n a y t r u y e n den v t f d n g qudc G i t f - d t f a , m o i n g t f d i d day t a p keo n h a u ve c h i e n k h u Kha-ri-xd-vd Q u a n nap khdi n g h i a t a n g l e n n h a n h chdng " N h a n d i p nay, s i k h i cdn d a n g h a n g h a i , x i n T h a i t i i r a l e n h cho keo q u a n ve G i t f - d t f a , t i e u d i e t q u a n H a L a n ! " N h t f n g n g t f d i k h d i n g h i a , n d n g l o n g bao t h u r d a h a n , de n g h i d a n h 269 "Khong! Ti-po-ni lac dau, dtfa m i t n h i n h a n g quan, b i n h t i n h noi: "Chung t a t u y dong ngtfdi, n h t f n g t r a n g b i v u k h i cdn r a t kem, k h d n g cd den mdt k h a u d a i phao, l a m d a n h dtfdc vao den huyet cua bon H a Lan?" "The t h i l a m bay gid?" "Trtfdc het hay den Xlar a n da, d day c h i each Gitf-dtfa cd mtfdi may cay sd Ta d t a n cdng c h u n g hen tuc, k h i e n chung met mdi k i e t sdc m d i thdi!" Ti-pd-ni vdi c i i n h i n k i e n quyet, long d l y t i n t t f d n g n d i vdi cac chien si cua m i n h Sau dd, T d n g ddc H a L a n lien tiep n h a n dtfdc t i n dau d i u : Q u a n k h d i n g h i a t a n cdng k h u n h a d cua ngtfdi H a L a n ; D t f d n g giao thdng t t f Gitf-dtfa r a ngoai bi cat rdi!; D d i t i i t h t f d n g b i tap k i c h v.v "Giet! Giet het! Giet t a t ca l u chung nd d i ! " Cook het len, h i n ttfc n g l u mat, lap ttfc dieu ddng may n g a n b i n h m a keo theo may chuc k h a u p h i o ldn, t i e n den X l a - r a n " H t f m ! T h d x e m Ti-pd-ni chay d i dau!" Tdng ddc Cook d i e y n d i " T h t f a q u a n T d n g ddc, X l a - r a n k h d n g cdn a i ca K h d n g biet Ti-pd-ni bien dau m a t rdi", t h i m t d cua H a L a n v d i v a n g chay ve bao c i o vdi Cook " C i i gi? T h a n h t r d n g a? Ti-pd-ni d i n h gid t r d g i day?" Cook t h d dai, le nao t a p h a i r u t ve t a y khdng? H i n tdc g i i n d i e n cuong t h e t len: "Khdng! Dot! H a y dot t r u i X l a - r a n cho ta!" 270 N g o n Ida t o i ac da b u n g len, Cook 16 r a mot n u cUdi g i a n h i e m , de l a i m o t doi quan g i i t h a n h , h a n u n g d u n g ve P h u T d n g doc N i a dem h o m do, T i - p o - n i d a n quan bat ngd t r d ve X l a - r a n , q u a n H a L a n g i i t h a n h b i d a n h t d i bdi D e n k h i d i n h dtfdc t h a n , to' chtfc dtfdc doi n g u t h i q u a n cua T i - p o - n i da b i e n d a u het Cach d a n h d u k i c h cua Ti-po-ni r a t cd h i e u qua Q u a n k h d i n g h i a cang dong H o suy t o n Ti-pon i l a m vua K h o n g t r a n ap dtfdc q u a n k h d i n g h i a b a n g v u lUc, Cook t h a y ddi t h u doan H i n ctf g i a n te l o t vao q u a n k h d i n g h i a , t u n g t i n t h a t t h i e t , gay c h i a re, 161 keo m u a chudc n h t f n g t u t r t f d n g , q u y toe dao dong, k h i e n cho doi n g u q u a n k h d i n g h i a b i p h a n hoa T r o n g m o t t r a n c h i e n d a u , t r a i cua T i - p d - n i b i quan H a L a n b i t "Neu k h d n g h i n g , t a se giet m i ! " Cook v i e t thtf de doa T i - p d - n i T i - p d - n i r u n n g t f d i len, r i n g n g h i e n c h i t "Con h a y To qudc?", net m a t d a n h l a i , dng xe n a t btfc t h t f , n d i ldn: " Q u i n i n ctfdp, c h u n g m i y cd the giet tao n h t f n g k h d n g the giet h e t dtfdc d i n Gia-va!" Bdc h i n g k h d n g dtfdc, Cook da gid m d t t h u doan x i ' u x a D i u n i m 1830, h i n y e u c i u k h d i n g h i a g i a n g hoa K h i T i - p d - n i c d n g v d i c i c chien si cua m i n h den p h o n g hop, dot n h i e n p h a t h i e n t h i ' y cd phuc b i n h 271 cua H a L a n , bon l i n h l a m l a m tay sung, ong biet m i n h b i Ida "Nao, k i n h chao T h a i t i i , N g a i co yeu cau gi x i n cii noi." Cook gia n h a n gia n g h i a n o i "Yeu cau cua t o i r a t ddn gian, t o i c h i mong xay d u n g mot vtfdng quoc h o i giao doc lap 6" Gia-va Do la viec ciia n h a n d a n Gia-va c h i i n g t o i , khong lien quan gi den cac ong, c h i n g co g i c i n p h a i ban" Ti-po-ni t h i n g t h i n tra ldi N e t m i t Cook chdt t h a y ddi h i n H i n chum moi h u y t sao, q u a n H a L a n , sung 6hg d i y ngtfdi, ap vao b i t T i - p o - n i va c i c chien si cua ong, r d i dem giam 6" Vang-ca-xi thuoc dao Xu-la-ve-xi (Sulawesi) Quan k h d i n g h i a m a t l a n h t u , t h i e u stf l a n h tao da tan n h a n h chong K h d i n g h i a Ti-po-ni la m o t t r a n g sii ve vang ciia n h a n d a n In-dd-ne-xia dau t r a n h chong xam ltfdc Cuoc k h d i n g h i a keo dai n a m da md man cho cuoc d a u t r a n h g i a i phong d a n toe chau A vao giiia t h e k y 19 272 C f l C H M N G CHflCJ 0CI N a m 1848 1848 l a n a m r u n g c h u y e n ca chau A u N a m L u - y P h i - l i p ciia ntfdc Phap n h u k i e n t r e n chao l t f a , d i n g n g o i k h o n g y e n nha't l a sau k h i t i n ve cuoc k h d i n g h i a v u t r a n g no' r a d Pa-lec-md, t h u p h u ciia X i - x i n , d a n den each m a n g ca nUdc I - t a - l y t r u y e n r a , ong cang c a m t h a y sd h a i , t t f d n g c h i n g n h u t i n h h i n h v o n da k h o n g y e n o n d Phap, cuoc k h d i n g h i a se t h u c day cho t i n h h i n h x a u t l i e m L i e nay, o n g d a n g n o n g r u d t chd d d i k e t q u a d a m p h a n cua t h u t u d n g G h i - d d v d i n g t f d i cua p h a i Cdng hoa l a L a - m a c - t i n v a L d - d d - r u y Rd-lanh Cudc d a m p h a n nhu" v a y da d i e n r a m a y l a n r d i L a n nay, p h i a Cdng hoa v a n y e u cau eai each xa hdi; ddi p h d t h d n g d a u p h i e u t h a n h lap che dd Cdng hoa, t h a i dd cua ho cang c d n g rhn C u n g nhu" m a y l a n trtfdc, cudc d a m p h a n c h i a t a y k h d n g v u i ve T h u t t f d n g G h i - d d cudi c u n g l a n h l i n g v d i p h i a Cdng hoa: " N i d c P h a p k h d n g cd cai each, k h i nao cac dng g i a u cd, cac d n g se dtfdc q u y e n b a u c i " 18 - 105SKNT 273 Ld-dd-ruy R6-lanh nghe vay, bUc qua noi: "Ngay 19 t h a n g 1, chung t o i se t d chile mot buta tiec ldn d Pa-ri, x i n mdi Dtfc V u a va T h u tudng den dtf!" Ghi-dd cam dau d i t h i n g L u - y Phi-lip vdi r a lenh tang ctfdng bao ve Pa-ri t r a n ngap b i u k h d n g k h i cang t h i n g T i i t h a n g n a m 1847, phe Cdng hoa nUdc Phap, de c h u a n b i cho "biia tiec", c i c n d i deu t d chtfc mitt i n h , hd hao cai c i c h che' dd b i u cii, nen r a t dtfdc l o n g d a n chiing H o chuan b i 19 t h a n g se t d chtfc "biia tiec" r a t ldn, n h t f n g b i c h i n h quyen can t r d , n e n p h a i hoan den 22 t h a n g Sang h d m dd, cdng n h a n v a n h a n dan Pa-ri, bat chap l d i canh cao cua c h i n h p h i i , tap nap keo n h a u den quang t r t f d n g Ma-dd-len H o h a t vang bai "Mac-xay-e", hd l d n " C i i each m u d n nam", " D i dao Ghi-dd" Cudc xud'ng dtfdng bieu t i n h t h i u y b i t d i u K h i doan b i e u t i n h d i den g i n cung Budc-bdng, q u a n c h i n h p h i i x o n g r a g i a i t a n doan bieu t i n h Q u i n chiing p h a n r a cac phd', ho chat dd cay, xay chie'n l u y , phat ddng k h d i n g h i a v u t r a n g N g a y 23, b i t d i u chie'n d a u d cac chie'n l u y , den sang 24, q u a n k h d i n g h i a da k i e m soat dtfdc cac t r a i l i n h va c i c ctf diem chie'n ltfdc, ddng t h d i chie'm gitf d i e n T u y - l d - r i V u a L u - y P h i - l i p t h a y k h d n g on, d a n h p h a i t u y e n bd' t h o a i v i v a t r d n k h d i Pa-ri, sau dd i t l a u sang song lUu vong d A n h Cach m a n g l i n t r o n g l i c h sxi goi 274 l a "cuoc each m a n g t h a n g H a i " Phe Cong hoa t u san da t h a n h l a p C h i n h p h u l a m t h d i , den t h a n g 7, vUdng t r i e u sup dd, l a p n e n nUdc Cong hoa Phap D a y l a n e n Cong hoa thu h a i t r o n g l i c h s d Phap G i a i cap t u san sau k h i l e n n a m c h i n h quyen, bat d a u q u a y l a i t a n cong vao g i a i cap cong n h a n T h a n g n a m do, cong n h a n t i e n h a n h k h d i n g h i a v d i k h a u h i e u "Nude cong hoa d a n c h u x a h o i " n h i i n g b i t h a t b a i d i i d i sdc t r a n ap m a n h cua c h i n h q u y e n t u san, h d n 11000 ngUdi b i giet T i n ve cuoc Cach m a n g t h a n g H a i d Pa-ri da t r u y e n sang Ddc, day len cuoc each m a n g cua n h a n d a n Baden v a Ba-va-ria (Bayern) T h a n g n a m 1848, n d n g d a n d cac v u n g n a y cam v u k h i dap p h a cac t r a n g t r a i , x u a d u d i bon t h a n hao, d i a chu, dot cac v a n khe, cac giay td; n h a n d a n t h a n h phd' dieu h a n h t h i uy D a u t h a n g 3, n d i cac p h a n ddng d Ba-den sup dd, t h a n h lap n d i cac m d i cd stf t h a m gia cua phe ttf cua giai cap tU san C h i n h quyen d cac n d i khac c u n g tiep tuc c h u y e n vao t a y giai cap tu* san t u T r u n g t u a n t h a n g 3, d V i e n , t h u dd niidc A o , v a Bec-lin, t h u dd cua Phd, c u n g n d r a each m a n g N g a y 13 t h a n g 3, cdng n h a n , hoc s i n h v a n h a n d a n t h u V i e n xud'ng d t f d n g b i e u t i n h chd'ng c h i n h p h u , h d l d n : " D a dao M e t - t e c - n i c h , c h i n h p h u l a p h i e n m u d n n a m ! " K h i M e t - t e c - n i c h d i e u q u a n d e n de t r a n ap, n h a n d a n da x a y d t f n g cac chie'n l u y , p h a t d d n g 275 k h d i n g h i a v u t r a n g Met-tec-nich t h a y k h o n g on, p h a i dong gia l a m dan ba, t r d n sang A n h Stf t h d n g t r i cua h a n sup dd d Ao, Hoang de Fec-di-nan bat buoc p h a i t h i a n h a n t u ngon l u a n cua n h a n dan va t r i e u tap n o i cac t u y e n bd lap h i e n v a t u y e n cu" T i n da l a t Mec-tec-nich t h d i thuc phong trao d Bee-lin Ltfc ltfdng each m a n g d Bec-lin c h u yeu la cdng n h a n , qua cudc dau t r a n h dam m a u da thuc day t i e n t r i n h d a n chu hoa d ntfdc m i n h N h t f n g the ltfc p h o n g k i e n d Phd va Ao k h d n g cam t a m c h i u that bai, c h u n g quay t r d l a i d a n ap het stfc da man, khdi phuc l a i stf t h d h g t r i phong k i e n Bao tap each mang 1848 cung cudh h u t dat ntfdc H u n g - g a - r i Ngay 15 t h a n g Bu-da-pet n d r a cudc k h d i n g h i a chdhg stf cai t r i cda Ao T r o n g l a n k h d i n g h i a nay, n h a t h d each m a n g Pe-td-phi da cd v u cudc dau t r a n h cda n h a n dan bang n h t f n g v a n thd "Bai ca d a n tdc" Ngay 18 t h a n g 3, Qudc h d i H u n g ga-ri t h d n g qua Phap l e n h 35 dieu, v a n dtfdc goi l a "Phap l e n h n a m 1848", t h u dtfdc t h a n g l d i ldn, q u a n t r o n g H o a n g de Ao p h a i cau ctfu Sa hoang ntfdc N g a N g a y 15 t h a n g n a m 1849, ntfdc N g a can t h i e p q u a n stf vao H u n g - g a - r i Q u a n Ao l d i d u n g t h d i cd dd t a n cdng H u n g - g a - r i H d n 15 v a n quan H u n g b i m a t q u a n A d N g a vdi 37 v a n q u a n ep l a i Ngay 27 t h a n g 9, ctf d i e m cud'i cung cua Hung-ga-ri d Kd-ma-nd 276 ( K o m a r n o ) b i t h a t t h u , cuoc d a u t r a n h g i a n h doc lap cua H u n g - g a - r i t h a t bai N h a n d a n Tiep K h l c ciing k h d i nghia chong Ao doi doc lap vao t h a n g n a m 1848 T h a n g 6, n h a n dan Praha noi day, n h t f n g b i quan A n h t r a n ap ac het N h t f n g n g t f d i k h o i n g h i a sdm n h a t n a m 1848 d Palec-md, t r a i q u a chien d a u g i a n khd" da dudi dtfdc quan n h a v u a , t h u dtfdc t h i n g ldi, x a y d t f n g t r e n dao X i - x i n m o t c h i n h p h d l a m t h d i cua phe t t f ttf san K h d i n g h i a Pa-lec-md da d i n dat cac v u n g d I - t a - l y ndi day d a u t r a n h M i - l a n , Vd-ni-dd d a u dau c u n g b u n g len n g p n I d a dau t r a n h g i a i p h d n g d a n tdc N h d n g n g t f d i k h d i n g h i a cam l a y v u k h i chien d a u d u n g c a m chd'ng l a i q u a n A o T h a n g 9, phong t r a o each m a n g d I - t a - l y da l e n t d i cao trao N g a y 15 t h a n g 11, n h a n d a n t h a n h L a M a c u n g gitf dng cao ngon cd k h d i n g h i a , n g a y h d m sau da d a n h vao c u n g d i n h cua Giao h o a n g Pi-d I V B a n t h a n Giao hoang p h a i cai t r a n g t r d n d i N g a y t h a n g n a m 1849, L a M a t h a n h lap ntfdc Cdng hoa, t h t f c h i e n n h t f n g c h i n h sach t i e n bd Giao h o a n g Pi-d I da cau k e t v d i q u a n Phap can thiep, ta'n cdng vao ntfdc Cdng hoa L a M a Q u a n Phap da dd bd vao I - t a - l i 25 t h a n g t a i cang X i - v i ta-vec-chia (Civitavecchia) da b i q u a n t i n h n g u y e n cua G a - r i - b a n - d i d a n h b a i m d t each n h a n h chong T h a n g 6, q u a n P h a p l a i t a n cdng vao L a M a Luc do, q u a n A o c u n g d a n h vao ntfdc Cdng hod L a M a N g a y 277 t h a t bai Cong cuoc ctiu ho da t h a t bai 118 t h u y t h u v i n h v i e n v i n h biet nUdc N g a t h a n yeu cua ho Vao liic 18 gid Matxcdva ( t i c 21 gid H a Noi) 10.10.2001, X a l a n k h d n g Id "Grant-4" keo t a u n g a m n g u y e n t i K u r s k qua q u a n g dtfdng d a i 160km da cap cang Roxliacovo Sau k h i t a u n g i m vao u , cac dieu t r a v i e n da vao t a u dieu t r a nghien ctfu n g u y e n n h a n t a i n a n T d n g cong t r i n h stf t h i e t ke Igor X p a x k i da c h i n h t h t f c k h a n g d i n h : K h o n g p h a i v a dap m a n h vdi m d t t a u n g a m la, k h d n g p h a i b i m i n , m a d ben t r o n g t a u , t r e n boong n h i e n lieu t r o n g m d t q u a t h u y l d i , d i n g de t a p l u y e n "thtfc te'" da n d k h i k h d i ddng, sau dd da k i c h n d l t f d n g v u k h i cdn l a i t r e n t a u Ngay 27.10.2001, toan the" gidi da biet r d nguyen n h a n v u t a i n a n t a u n g a m nguyen t i K u r s k t a i bien Baren h d m 12.8.2000 Tdng chudng ly Nga V U x t i n o r , ngUdi d d n g dau n h d m dieu t r a nguyen n h a n v u t a i n a n da p h a t bieu: "Day la dia nguc va khong the tim diidc tiingvtnao de mieu ta canh tWdng ben tau" 555 CUOC CHI€N c u n MV nP-Gfl-NI-XTflN p-ga-ni-xtan, ndi cac stf gia goi la mot n h d n g bai t h a ma chien trtfdng ldn n h a t t r o n g l i c h sd n h a n loai, n d i t d n g vang t i e n g vd n g t f a T h a n h Cat Ttf H a n , v a ndi t t f n g v u i t h a y h a n g n g a n l i n h A n h h d i the' k y X I X T r o n g t r a n t a m m a u n g a y 6.1.1842 k h o a n g 4.500 l i n h A n h A n da b i giet d K a b u l Ttf 1878-1880, cudc chie'n A n h - Ap-ga-ni-xtan lan thtf b u n g nd N a m 1921, Ap-ga-ni-xtan gianh dtfdc ddclap A p - g a - n i - x t a n l a mdt ntfdc Cdng hoa t h a n h vien cua L i e n Hdp Qudc, rdng 652.225km dan so hdn 25 t r i e u ngtfdi, thudc 19 dan tdc khac nhau, t r o n g dd dan tdc P a s h t u n chiem 40% T h u dd la K a b u l vdi dan so gdn 1,5 t r i e u ngtfdi A p - g a - n i - x t a n d T r u n g N a m A, phia B i c T u r k m e n i s t a n , Uzbekistan va T a j i k i s t a n , p h i a giap v d i I - r a n , Ddng Bac giap C H N D T r u n g Ddng N a m giap Pakistan, 85% dien t i c h ddi n u i , 556 giap Tay Hoa, 74% dan c h u n g theo dao H o i S u n n i va 25% theo dao H o i Shite N g o n ngu" c h i n h l a t i e n g Pashtun T h a n g 4.1978, n h i i n g ngUdi cong san Ap-ga-ni-xtan len nim quyen N a m 1979, L i e n X6 dua quan vao A p - ga-ni-xtan Cac t h a n h phd' thuoc quyen k i e m soat cua c h i n h quyen, cdn v u n g ndng t h o n d u k i c h H d i giao k i e m soat Ngay 16.4.1992, chinh quyen cua Tdng thdhg Najibullah Lien Xd hau thuan bi lat Cudc ndi chien giiia luc ltfdng Hdi giao Sunni va Shhte bit diu Ngay 27.9.1996, ltfc lUdng T a l i b a n dUdc stf u n g hd ciia Pakistan va M y len n a m quyen d Kabul Ngay lap ttfc, Taliban ap dung l u a t H d i giao khac Sharia Sau n a m T a l i b a n n a m q u y e n k i e m soat 90% l a n h t h d A p - g a - n i - x t a n , cdn 10% thudc L i e n m i n h p h t f d n g Bac Ngay 9.9.2001 A S h a h Massoud t h i i l i n h L i e n m i n h PhUdng Bac chet Sau t h a m hoa 11.9.2001, m a nguyen n h a n l a t r u m k h u n g bd B i n L a d e n c h i i m t f u l a i dtfdc che dd T a l i b a n d u n g dtfdng L a y cd chd'ng k h u n g bd', M y v a n ddng L i e n H d p Qudc t h a n h lap l i e n m i n h qudc te'chd'ng k h u n g bd' N g a y 2.10 t a i D a i h d i ddng L i e n H d p Qudc, T d n g thu! k y K o f i A n n a da k e u goi h d n 150 qudc gia t h a m dtf h a y neu cao v a i t r d ciia m i n h v a i i n g hd M y t r o n g 557 L i e n m i n h quoc te chdng k h u n g bd T a t nhien M y vap p h a i t h a i de dat cua cac nude A Rap H d i giao T r o n g k h i T a l i b a n b i co lap, ngoai chiec cau r a t long leo v a n h a t ndi vdi the gidi ben ngoai la Pakistan T d i 28.9.2001, H d i ddng Bao an L i e n Hdp Qudc t h d n g qua n g h i quyet 1373 (2001) len an hanh ddng k h u n g bd'd M y h d m 11.9 De thUc h i e n n g h i quyet t r e n , 24.9, tdng t h d n g B u s h r a lenh phong toa t a i san lien quan den k h u n g bd N h U n g viec dd khdng l a m cho Taliban va Bin Laden ban tam M y v a A n h dUa t a u chien, may bay den v u n g v i n h c h u a n b i t a n cdng quan sU vao Ap-ga-ni-xtan bat sdhg B i n L a d e n va giao chu Omar t h i i l i n h ciia Taliban Ve p h a n m i n h giao chii O m a r t u y e n b d "Thanh chien", va san sang chien dau chd'ng l a i ke t h u ciia H d i giao D e m 7.10.2001, M y A n h bat dau t a n cdng Ap-gan i - x t a n vdi l y chdhg k h u n g bd de chdng l a i Ap-gan i - x t a n m d t nUdc cd chii quyen Vao luc 16 gid 27 p h u t gid G M T ( t i c 11 gid 15 p h u t dem 7.10 gid H a Ndi), M y cho 15 may bay nem bom chie'n ltfdc B l , may bay t a n g h i n h B2 va may bay B52 c u n g 25 may bay cdng k i c h da ddng loat ddi 558 bom vao cac muc t i e u chien lUdc cua T a l i b a n d T h u K a b u l va t h a n h p h d K a n d a h a r H a n g loat ten h i a Cruise va T o m a h a w k b i n t t i t a u chien M y va A n h t r e n bien A Rap (thuoc A n Do Dtfdng) T o a n bo t h a n h ph6' K a b u l va K a n d a h a r c h i m ngap t r o n g l u a dan Cac doi t a n cong d i i doi n d r a t r o n g dem t d i (8 gid 27 p h u t t o i , gid Ap-ga-ni-xtan), t a t ca n h i i n g gi ngtfdi t a t h a y dtfdc l a cac ddm l i i a chay t r e n cac muc t i e u , l u d n g b o m dan, t e n l i i a doi xud'ng va t i i dtfdi da't b i n len D a n chdng, ngtfdi gia t r e em chet ngon ngang t r o n g n h d n g dong gach v u n T u y n h i e n dai dien cho T a l i b a n d P a k i s t a n A b d u l Salam Zaeef thong bao: Osama B i n Laden va giao chd M o h a m m a d O m a r v a n an toan Cudc t i e n cdng cua M y va A n h vao Ap-ga-ni-xtan l a cudc chien t r a n h m d d i u cua the k y X X I , m a n a n n h a n k h d n g k h i c l a n h a n d a n Ap-ga-ni-xtan, ho vda l a t i n cua che dd k h l c T a l i b a n ddi k h d den cung cue vda l a n a n n h a n cua cai goi l a "chdng k h u n g bd cua M y va A n h V a i p h u t sau cudc t a n cdng ddn dap, Tdng t h d n g B u s h r a l e n h cho q u a n ddi M y t a n cdng vao cac t r a i k h u n g bd cua A I Qaede va cac cd sd q u a n stf cua che dd T a l i b a n t a i A p - g a - n i - x t a n D e m 8.10 k h d n g q u a n M y tiep tuc k h d n g k i c h l i n t h d vao A p - g a - n i - x t a n , c h u y e u ddt t a n cdng 559 n h a m vao cac san bay quan stf, ltfc lu"png xe tang d t h u K a b u l , dong t h d i n a phao vao cac v i t r i cua T a l i b a n t a i Tp chie'n ltfdc Mazar-i-sharif Ngay 9.10 may bay t e n l i a M y - A n h tiep tuc danh p h a K a b u l , cac T p Herat, Shindan mien Tay va Jalalabad d m i e n Ddng Ap-ga-ni-xtan Cudc t i e n cdng l a n t h i ba lien tuc va dem T a t nhien t i e n g bom dan M y - A n h ngtfdi ta v a n cdn nghe tieng s i n g phong k h d n g chd'ng t r a cua Taliban Sang 10.10 t d c h i c A I Qaeda cua t r i m k h u n g bd B i n Laden, k e u goi cac t i n H d i giao t h a m gia " T h a n h chie'n" chd'ng M y va t i e n cdng cac muc t i e u cua M y t r e n toan the gidi 22 gid, 10.10 (gid H a Ndi) M y md cudc t a n cdng l a n t h i t u , cho may bay r a i bom xud'ng cac can c i quan stf T a l i b a n t a i Shamhaad, each bien gidi vdi P a k i s t a n k m T r o n g l i e K a b u l va cac t h a n h p h d t r o n g yeu khac cua Ap-ga-ni-xtan b i lien quan M y A n h t i e n h a n h cac ddt t a n cdng lien tuc Sang 26.10, may bay M y tiep tuc t a n cdng K a b l u l , l a n dau t i e n t a i Ap-ga-ni-xtan, M y s i dung bom c h u m d a n h t h a n g vao t r a n t u y e n T a l i b a n C i n g 26.10, T o n i B l a i r T h u tudng A n h t u y e n bd' g i i 4.200 l i n h biet k i c h ntfdc den Ap-ga-nix t a n t h a m gia cudc chie'n t r e n bd v d i M y Sau t u a n danh bom, b i n pha t r e n toan l a n h t h d Ap-ga-ni-xtan, l d i d u n g dem khdng t r a n g , M y cho 560 biet k i c h nhay d u x u o n g m i e n N a m Ap-ga-ni-xtan t a n cong bang bo b i n h vao can c i i k h o n g q u a n va sd chi h u y cua T a l i b a n gan K a n d a h a r D e m 19 r a n g 20.10, l i n h biet k i c h M y c h i gap p h a i sd chong t r a y e u dt ciia q u a n T a l i b a n , nhUng M y k h o n g t i m t h a y O m a r v a bat c i i c h i h u y nao cua T a l i b a n Sau n h i i n g t a n cong ac liet t r e n bo, liic lddng T a l i b a n t a n r a , t u y vay, M y - A n h v i n k h o n g b i t dtfdc hokc t i e u diet dtfdc B i n L a d e n va giao c h u O m a r N h t f n g ve cd ban M y da l a t do' dtfdc che T a l i b a n va lap r a m o t c h i n h quyen mdi t h a n M y dng K a z a i d i i n g dau D i e u mud'n ndi, M y - A n h g i a n h dUdc " t h i n g l d i " , n h i i n g n o i a m a n h ve cudc k h u n g bd qudc te v a n cdn dd, k h i m a t r u m k h u n g bd' B i n L a d e n chua b i t i e u diet, n g h i a l a A I Qaede v a n l a ndi a m a n h cua ngtfdi d a n M y , m a h i e u qua cudc chien t r a n h da l a m cho h a n g ngan ngtfdi dan A p - g a - n i - x t a n vd t d i b i chet, v h a n g v a n n h a ctfa, cd sd k i n h te, v a n hoa, b i p h a h u y 561 MUC LUC Trang T r u y t i m coi nguon nen v a n m i n h E-gie B6 luSt Ham-mu-ra-bi 12 Cai each cua X6-l6ng (Solon) 17 22 Su d d i ciia Phat giao Chien tranh H y Lap - Ba T u Cuoc chie'n Pe-l6-p6-ne 28 33 A-le-xan-dd (Alexander) chinh phuc phtfdng Ddng 38 Chie'n tranh Pu-nit 43 K h d i nghfa Spac-tac 49 10 Stf l i p de'qudc La M a 54 11 Stf d d i ciia dao Gia to 60 12 Stf d d i cua dao I-xlam (Islam) 66 13 Cai each Dai hoa 71 14 Phat m i n h giay va nghe i n 77 15 Stf chia re gitfa giao h o i D d n g va Tay 83 562 16 ThSp t y quan x a m ltfdc p h t f d n g D6ng 88 17 Be quoc Ot-t6-man d d i 93 18 Cudc chi6h t r i m n i m Anh-Phap 98 19 Benh dich hach 103 20 V a n hoa Phuc h t f n g 107 21 Phong trao chudng trai 112 22 Chidn tranh H u - x d 117 23 Chieri tranh H o a h d n g 123 24 M d m d t d t f d n g bien m d i 128 25 Budn ban n d le 134 26 Cach mang Ne-dec-lan 139 27 Danh tan " H a m d d i v dich" 145 28 Stf d d i cua luat Qudc t d 150 29 Chie'n tranh ba m t f d i n a m 155 30 Cach mang C o n g n g h i f p d A n h 161 31 Chie'n tranh A n h - H a L a n 167 32 Cach mang q u a n h v i n h 172 33 Chie'n tranh N g a - Thd 177 34 Chie'n tranh ke' thtfa n g o i bau Tay Ban N h a 182 35 Chie'n tranh ke thtfa n g i bau ntfdc A o 187 36 Chie'n tranh n a m 192 563 37 Chien tranh gianh ddc lap cua M y 198 38 Cach mang H a i - T i 203 39 Phong trao K h a i sang 208 40 Su" d d i cua "Tuyen ng6n nhan quyeh" 214 41 D a i each m a n g Phap 219 42 Chie'n tranh Na-p6-le-6ng 225 43 C h i i n g d i u cong 231 44 Phong trao Tay tien 236 45 Ba phat hidn khoa hoc Ion 241 46 Xay d u n g nganh gay me y hoc 247 47 Cuoc dau tranh gianh doc l i p ciia Me-hi-cd 251 48 H d i n g h i Vien 257 49 Chien tranh gianh d6c l i p cua H y Lap 262 50 K h d i nghia Ti-p6-ni-cd-r6 268 51 Cach mang chau A u 1848 273 52 Tuyen n g d n Dang C6ng san 279 53 K h d i nghia giai phong dan tdc 6* A n D6 285 54 Chien tranh N a m Bic M y 291 55 Cdng cuoc cai each d nude N g a nam 1861 297 56 M i n h T r i D u y Tan 302 57 Chien tranh Phap - Phd' 308 564 58 T h o n g nhat ntfdc Y (I-ta- ly) 313 59 C6ng xa Pa-ri 318 60 Stf d d i cua di6n thoai 324 61 Stf chia cat chau Phi 329 62 Cudc k h d i nghia cua M a - d i (Mahdi) 334 63 O h g d u n g k y thuat ddng lanh 339 64 N g o n ltfa O-lem-pic 344 65 Bai cdng d Chi-ca-gd 350 66 Chie'n tranh M y - Tay Ban N h a 355 67 C h i £ n tranh gitfa A n h va n g t f d i Bua (Boer) 360 68 Stf d d i cua may bay 365 69 Chie'n tranh Nga - N h a t 369 70 N t f d c N g a 1905 374 71 Cach mang Tan H d i 380 72 Chien tranh Ban-cang 385 73 Dai chien the gidi lan thtf nha't 389 74 Cach mang Thang M t f d i N g a 395 75 Stf tan cua de qudc A o H u n g 401 76 Cach m a n g K i - m a n (Mustapha Kemal) 406 77 T h d i dai g h i h i n h 411 78 T h a n h Va-ti-cang 416 565 79 N o i chie'n Tay Ban N h a 421 80 H i e p tfdc M u y - n i c h 427 81 Dai chien the g i d i l i n thtf hai 432 82 N h a n loai btfdc vao thdi dai nguyen ttf 438 83 T h d i dai v i tinh 443 84 Thanh lap Lien H d p Qudc 447 85 Chien tranh A n D d - Pa-kit-tang 453 86 Chie'n tranh T r u n g Ddng 459 87 Stf Mp khd'i N A T O 464 88 H i e p d i n h chung vi mau dich va quan thu6' 469 89 Stf d d i cua ntfdc T r u n g Hoa m d i 474 90 Chien dich Dien Bien Phu chart ddng dia c i u 480 91 H d i n g h i Bang - d u n g 484 92 Cach mang thang Bay A i Cap 490 93 Stf h i n h khd'i E.U 495 94 Tham h i e m v u t r u 500 95 Cudc k h u n g h o i n g ten ltfa d Cu-ba 505 96 Dai each mang V i n hoa T r u n g Qudc 510 97 Chien dich H C h i M i n h lich stf 515 98 Chien tranh Ap-ga-ni-xtan 520 99 Chie'n tranh I-rang - I - r i c 525 566 100 lAt b u t t t f d n g Bec-lin 530 101 Chie'n tranh v u n g v i n h Pec-xich 535 102 Lien X6 giai the 540 1C3 T n a m hoa 11.9 545 104 T h a m hoa tau n g l m nguyen ruf K u r s k 552 105 Cuoc chie'n cua M y Ap-ga-ni-xtan 556 SIT K I E N N O I T I E N G T H E G i f t NHA XUAT BANV A N HOA THONG T I N 43 Lo Due - Hd Noi C h i u t r a c h n h i e m x u a t ban: BUI VIET BAC Bien tap: MANH THUDNG Siia ban in: THANH HA Ve bia: TRAN DINH NINH In 1.000 cu6n, khd 13 x 19cm tai X i nghiep In ACS Hai Phong Giay phep xua't ban s6 : 1214/XB-QLXB/173-VHTT In xong va nop ltfu chieu Quy IV-2005 ... i q u i n L i e n bang dUdc c h i n h ddn l a i , 27 t h i n g n i m 18 62, L i n - c d n phat l e n h td'ng cdng k i c h sd' 1, quy d i n h 22 t h i n g l i "Ngay h i n h ddng c h u n g cua h... quan h a t vang b a i " T i n h t h i n Gid-dep B r a n - t d d i n d i t t a d i " Ngay 22 t h a n g 12 ho chiem dtfdc Xa-van-na (Savannah) Tiep theo Sd-man'va G r a n bao vay t h u dd Rich-mdn... c i c h d u y t a n " L d i the 20 - 105SKNT 305 diem" N g a y 23 t h a n g 10, T h i e n hoang M u c N h a n d i n h n i e n h i e u l a " M i n h T r i " Ngay 26 t h a n g 11 ddi E-dd t h a