ÔN THI vào 10 các TRƯỜNG hợp đặc BIỆT của câu bị ĐỘNG

CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT CỦA CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ( Special cases of passive voice ) I- Bị động với động từ có tân ngữ Ta thường gặp số câu có tân ngữ sau động từ: Ví dụ:- He gave me a book Ta thấy sau động từ: “gave” có tân ngữ “me” “a book” Trong tân ngữ “a book” gọi tân ngữ trực tiếp (trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ “gave” – đưa.) Còn “me” gọi tân ngữ gián tiếp (khơng trực tiếp chịu tác động độngtừ) Ta có cấu trúc câu chủ động với động từ có tân ngữ: S + V + Oi + Od Trong đó: S (subject): Chủ ngữ V (verb): Động từ Oi (indirect object): tân ngữ gián tiếp (Không trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ) Od (direct object): tân ngữ trực tiếp (Tân ngữ trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ) Câu bị động có trường hợp sau: - TH1: ta lấy tân ngữ gián tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ câu bị động S + be + VpII + Od - TH2: Ta lấy tân ngữ trực tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ câu bị động: S + be + VpII + giới từ + Oi Ví dụ: - Chủ động: She gave me an apple yesterday (Cô đưa cho táo ngày hôm qua.) S V Oi Od (me: tân ngữ gián tiếp; an apple: tân ngữ trực tiếp) - Bị động: TH1: I was given an apple yesterday (Tôi cho táo ngày hôm qua) S be VpII Od Ta lấy tân ngữ gián tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ nên “me” chuyển thành “I” TH2: An apple was given to me yesterday (Một táo đưa cho ngày hôm qua.) S be VpII Ta lấy tân ngữ trực tiếp “an apple” lên làm chủ ngữ sau động từ phân từ ta sử dụng giới từ “to” Ví dụ 2: - Her mother bought her a book yesterday S V Oi Od -> She was bought a book yesterday S be VpII Od -> A book was bought S be VpII for her yesterday giới từ Oi Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng câu bị động có tân ngữ The waiter brings me this dish Our friends send these postcards to us 3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week 4.Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother 5.You didn’t show me the special cameras 6.She showed her ticket to the airline agent 7.He lends his friend his new shoes 8.She left her relatives five million pounds 9.The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer 10.The board awarded the first prize to the reporter II- Bị động với câu mệnh lệnh thức Ta thường gặp câu mệnh lệnh thức như: - Close the door! (Đóng cửa vào) V O - Open the book! (Mở sách ra) V O Ta thấy cấu trúc của câu mệnh lệnh thức là: Dạng chủ động: Bị động: V+O S + should/must + be + V-pII Ví dụ: - Chủ động: Clean the floor! (Hãy lau sàn nhà đi!) - Bị động: The floor should be cleaned! (Sàn nhà nên lau đi) EX 2: Viết lại câu mệnh lệnh thức Open your book -> Write this report in your book -> Bring the umbrellar when it rains -> Don’t eat sugar-> Do the housework everyday-> III- Cấu trúc bị động với chủ ngữ “it” It + be + adj + (for sb) + to st -> It + be + adj + for st to be done Ví dụ: - It is easy to make this cake -> It is easy for this cake to be made EX 3: It is difficult to learn Math-> It is important to protect the environment-> …………………………………………………………………… … It is comfortable to live in this room-> …………………………………………………………………… … It is easy to this exercise -> It is safe to drink this water-> It is exciting to watch a football match ………………………………………………………………………………… It was happy to visit his relatives …………………………………………………………………………………… It is easy to this exercise …………………………………………………………………………………… It will be thrilling to pass Hai Van tunnel …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 It was fantastic to enjoy games in Suoi Tien …………………………………………………………………………………… 11.It is nice to read newspapers in the evening ………………………………………………………………………………… 12 It will be important to learn irregular verbs by heart ………………………………………………………………………………… 13 It was miserable to obey brutal kings …………………………………………………………………………………… 14 It will be delicous to eat this dish ………………………………………………………………………………… 15 It is charitable to help the poor ………………………………………………………………………………… CHUYÊN ĐỀ USED TO (đã từng, thường hay) A THE PAST SIMPLE (Thì khứ đơn)  Affirmative : Subject + used to + verb (bare inf.)  Negative : Subject + did not/didn’t + use to + verb (bare inf.)  Question : Did + subject + use to + verb (bare inf.) _? Used to dùng để diễn đạt: - Sự việc thường xuyên xảy xảy suốt khoảng thời gian khứ, khơng cịn xảy Ex: We used to play that game when we were young - Sự việc tồn có thật khứ, khơng cịn Ex: We didn’t use to have computers Did this building use to be a hotel?  Lưu ý: Không dùng used to để diễn đạt việc xảy thời điểm cụ thể, việc xảy lần xảy Dùng khứ đơn Ex: We lived in Boston for three years (We used to live ) I went to France seven times last year (I used to go )  Be/Get used to + verb-ing/(pro)noun: quen với /trở nên quen với EXERCISES I Rewrite the following sentences, using “used to”: We usually lit our houses with candles _ Sailors were usually guided by stars _ People usually cooked on wood fires _ It usually took me several days to go to London _ Books were usually written by hand  _ People usually travelled on foot _ They usually made their own bread _ The old sailor usually drank lots of whisky _ Mr Smith usually smoked cigars _ 10 Bill usually worked very hard _ II Put in used to + infinitive or be/get used to +-ing form Use the verbs in brackets When I was a child I (dream) of being an astronaut I’m terribly nervous I (not/speak) to a large audience It took us ages to (live) in a block of flat Lots of trains (stop) here, but not many now Didn’t Nick (work) on a building site? I’ll have an orange juice, please I (not/drink) alcohol David doesn’t seem to mind being in hospital I suppose he (be) there When Laura was at college, she (have) a picture of Elvis Presley on her bedroom wall We (live) in a small village but now we live in London 10 I feel very full after that meal I (eat) so much 11 I (have) a car but I sold it a few months ago 12 There (be) a cinema here but it was knocked down a few years ago 13 In the old days we (not/have) electricity and things (be) different from the way they are now 14 After her husband died, the old woman had to (live) on her own 15 Most visitors to Britain (not/drive) on the left III Rewrite these sentences, using used to or a suitable tense of be (not) used to John still finds the cold weather difficult _ Did you go to church on Sundays when you were young? _ When Barbara was in Italy, she stayed with an Italian family _ It is Christs habit to drive to work every day _ Mr Michael grew tulips but he doesn’t any more _ I can t without fresh coffee I drink it every day _ My mother works in a modern office, but she finds it strange to use a computer _ Archie didn’t fight with Lulu in the past _ Frank lives alone He doesn’t mind this because he has lived alone for 15 years _ 10 I find it difficult to get up early _ PASSIVE FORMS (Dạng bị động) Verb Active: Subject Passive: Subject * Present Simple Object be + p.p by + object S + V(s,es) + O BĐ => O + am/is/are + past participle (Ved/ Vc3) * Present progressive BĐ S + am/is/are + Ving + O => O + am/is/are + being + past participle(Ved/ Vc3) * Present perfect S + has/have + Ved/Vc3 + O BĐ => O + have/has + been + past participle (Ved/ Vc3) * Past simple S + Ved/v2 + O => O + was/were + past participle(Ved/ Vc3) * Past progressive S + was/were + Ving + O => O + was/were + being + past participle(Ved/ Vc3) * Past perfect S + had + Ved/Vc3 + O => O + had + been + past participle(Ved/ Vc3) * Future simple S + Will + V + O => O + will + be + past participle(Ved/ Vc3) * Be going to S + am/is/are + going to + V + O => O + am/is/are + going to + be + past participle(Ved/ Vc3) * Modal verbs S + Modal verbs( can/could/may/might/must/haveto/shall/should… )+ V + O => O + Modal verbs( can/could/may/might/must/haveto/shall/should… ) be + Ved/Vc3 +  Lưu ý: - Các chủ ngữ I, you, he, she, it, they, one, people, someone, somebody, nobody, no one câu chủ động thường bỏ, không dùng câu bị động Với chủ ngữ nobody no one, đổi động từ câu bị động sang thể phủ định Ex: Nobody saw him leaving the room => He wasn’t seen leaving the room - Trạng từ cách thức thường đứng sau be; trạng từ khác đứng trước be - Trạng từ cụm trạng từ nơi chốn thường đứng trước by; trạng từ cụm trạng từ thời gian thường đứng sau by EXERCISES I Change the following sentences into the Passive: People play football all over the world _ They have just told us about that _ My sister is writing that note in her notebook _ They keep those maps on the shelves for reference _ They gave my little sister a ticket _ They have invited all the members to the party _ They have put up banners and flags in the square _ The head teacher was making the announcement _ The tamer ordered the lion to lie on the floor _ 12 They have provided thousands of people with food _ 13 He sold his old car and bought a new one _ 14 He is writing another book about science _ 15 My students are doing exercise on page 40 right now  _ 16 I often visit her twice a week _ 17 She told us an interesting story _ 18 We were driving a car when we saw the accident _ 19 You must make a decision as soon as possible _ 20 She doesn’t watch TV at night _ 21 Did they finish their work yesterday? _ 22 You must report the accident to the policeman _ 23 All students took the final examination _ 24 You ought to show home how to use this computer _ 25 Naturally, they speak English very well _ 26 They will rebuild the house next year _ 27 Where will your company send you next year? _ 28 Who looked after the children when you were away? _ 29 Has anyone ever asked you for your opinion? _ 30 You must keep dogs in the garden _ 31 We will issue the library cards soon _ 32 We shall have to tow the car to the garage _ 33 Passengers shouldn’t throw away their tickets _ 34 Candidates may not use dictionaries _ 35 A machine could this much more easily _ 36 His family will see him off at the airport _ 37 He’s a dangerous man They ought to lock him up _ 38 Today a large number of people speak English _ 39 Someone stole all her valuable jewelry last night _ 40 They are repairing my piano at the moment _ II Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence I’m having my hair cutting/cut/to have cut tomorrow The children were took/taken/taking to the seaside for the day I was sending/sent/send here by the manager Kate is having her car services/servicing/serviced tomorrow Sue had her windows breaking/broken/broke by vandals David has been offer/offering/offered a new job in Brazil Where exactly were you born/did you born/did you bear? I’ve just had my bike repaired/repair/repairing I was given/gave/did give this book by Emily 10 This cake makes/made/was made for her birthday Exercise 3. Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc 1. The war ………………………………  next week.(DECLARE) 2. Your homework ………………………………  by tomorrow afternoon.(MUST FINISH) 3. That house ………………………………   since I was a child. (NOT PAINT) 4. Smoking ………………………………   in this hotel (NOT ALLOW) 5. After all the flights …………………………., the tourists checked in at the airport  hotel. (CANCEL) 6. The car …………………… …. for over a week. (NOT WASH) 7. He ………………………. a new contract last year. (GIVE) 58. This song ……………………………… by the Beatles in 1967. (WRITE) 9. The earth …………………………… if we try hard enough to do something (CAN  SAVE) 10. The new bridge ………………………………  at the moment. (BUILD) ... Lưu ý: - Các chủ ngữ I, you, he, she, it, they, one, people, someone, somebody, nobody, no one câu chủ động thường bỏ, không dùng câu bị động Với chủ ngữ nobody no one, đổi động từ câu bị động sang... ra) V O Ta thấy cấu trúc của câu mệnh lệnh thức là: Dạng chủ động: Bị động: V+O S + should/must + be + V-pII Ví dụ: - Chủ động: Clean the floor! (Hãy lau sàn nhà đi!) - Bị động: The floor should... giới từ Oi Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng câu bị động có tân ngữ The waiter brings me this dish Our friends send these postcards to us 3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited